SURYA PRAKASH SHARMAversusSTATE OF U.P. AND ORS.

A                        SURYA PRAKASH SHARMA
                                    v.
                          STATE OF U.P. AND ORS.

                                 AUGUST 9, 1994

B                [P.B. SAWANT AND M.K. MUKHERJEE, JJ.]

        National Security Act, 198(}-Section 3(3)-0rder of detention
  unde1"--Validity of-Solitmy incident of murder-Detenue in judicial custody
  on date of making of order-Wliether and in what circumstances an order for
C preventive detention can be passed against a person who is already in custody.
          Pursuant to an order made under Section 3(3) of the National
    Security Act, 1980 the detenue was detained with a view of preventing him
    from acting in any manner prejudicial to the maintenance of public order.
    The main allegation in the grounds of detention served upon the detenue
D   is that ihe detenue alongwith his three colleagues brutally committed the
    murder of one person in a thickly populated area by causing bullet injuries
    on his person. A panic was created amongst the residents and normal life
    was completely disturbed. On the date of making of the order the detenue
    was in judicial custody.
E         Assailing the validity of the order of detention, the petitioner alleged
    in the writ petition that having regard to the fact that the detenue was in
    judicial custody in connection with the case instituted over the murder,
    there was no, nor could there be any, apprehension in the mind of the
    detaining authority that he would be indulging in any prejudicial activity,
F   and therefore, the satisfaction of the detaining authority to pass the ord_er
    was not proper.
          .
          Allowing the writ petition, this Court

          HELD : Though the grounds of detention indicate the detaining
G authority's awareness of the fact that the detenue was in judicial custody
    at the time of making the order of detention, the detaining authority has
    not brought on record any cogent material nor furnished any cogent
    ground in support of the averment made in grounds of detention that if
    the detenue is released on bail 'he may again indulge in serious offences
H   causing threat to public order'. The satisfaction of the detaining authority
                                         486
                 S.P. SHARMA v. STATE [MUKHERJEE, J.]                      487

that the detenue might indulge in serious offences causing threat to public       A
order, solely on the_basis of a solitary murder, cannot be said to be proper
and justified. [489-D, E)

      Dhanne11dra Suga11cha11d C/1elawat v. U11io11 of India, AIR (1990) SC
1196 and Rameshwar Shaw v. District Magistrate, (1964) 4 SCR 921, fol-            B
lowed.

      CRIMINAL ORIGINAL JURISDICTION: Writ Petition (Crl.) No.
117 of 1994.

      (Under Article 32 of the Constitution of India.)                            c
      D.K. Garg and Yatendra Sharma for the Petitioner.

      N.M. Ghatate and A.S. Pundir for the Respondents.

      The Judgment of the Court was delivered by                                  D
     M.K. MUKHERJEE, J. We heard this writ petition on July 26, 1994
and on conclusion of the hearing passed the following order :

         "Reasons to be recorded separately . We allow the Writ Petition
         and direct that the detenue Surya Prakash Sharma be released             E
         forthwith unless wanted in some other case."

      We now recount the reasons for the above order.

       Pursuant to an order made by the District Magistrate, Meerut, on
February 1, 1994 under Section 3(3) of the National Security Act, 1980,
                                                                                  F
Surya Prakash Sharma, the detenu, was detained with a view to preventing
him from actiog in any manner prejudicial to the maintenance of public
order. Assailiog the validity of the above order the petitioner filed this writ
petition. The main allegation in the grounds of detention served upon the
detenu is that on January 1, 1994 he along with his three colleagues brutally     G
committed the murder of one Anil Kumar Jain io a thickly populated area
of Meerut city by causing bullet injuries on his person. It is further alleged
that due to the gruesome murder committed by the_ detenu and his col-
leagues a panic was created amongst the residents of Meerut and the
normal life was completely disturbed and people started thinking themsel-         H
    488                   SUPREME COURT REPORTS [1994) SUPP. 2 S.C.R.

A ves unsafe. It is lastly stated in the grounds of detention :

             "Although the aforesaid Shri Surya Prakash Sharma s/o Sukh Lal
             is in Judicial custody with effect from 22.1.1994, however, he has
             been trying to be released on bail. He moved an application for
             bail on 24.1.1994 before the District and Sessions Judge, Meerut
B            and the application for bail has been fixed for hearing on 2.2.1994.
             If the aforesaid Shri Surya Prakash is released on bail he may again
             indulge in serious offences causing threat in public orders."

          The learned counsel appearing in support of the writ petition con-
    tended that having regard to the admitted fact that the detenu .in judicial
c
    custody on February 1, 1994, the date of making of the impugned order,
    in connection with .the case instituted over the murder referred to in the
    grounds of detention, there was no, nor could there be any, apprehension
    in the mind of the detaining authority that he (the detenu) would be
    indulging in any prejudicial activity. That necessarily meant that the satis-
D   faction of the detaining authority to pass the impugned order was not a
    proper one, urged the learned counsel.

          In repudiating the above contention the learned counsel for the
   respondents contended that for justifiable reasons an order for detention
E could b~ made in respect of a person who was in custody, and, referring
 · to the earlier quoted passage in the grounds of detention, the counsel
   submitted that in the facts and circumstances of the case, the reasons so
   canvassed by the detaining authority must be said to be valid and proper.

           The question as to whether and in what circumstances an order for
F preventive detention can be passed against a person who is already in
     custody has had been engaging the attention of this Court since it first came
     up for consideration b~fore a Constitution Bench in Rameshwar Shaw v.
     District Magistrate, Burdwan, [1964] 4 SCR 921. To eschew prolixity we
     refrain from det3.iling all those cases except that of Dharrnendra
G    Suganchand Che/awat v. Union of India, AIR (1990) SC 1196 wherein a
     three Judge Bench, after considering all the earlier relevant decisions
     including Rameshwar Shaw (supra) answered the question in the following
     words:

              "The decisions referred to above lead to the conclusion that an
H             order for detention can be validly passed against a person in
          S.P. SHARMA v. STATE OF U.P. (M.K. MUKHERJEE, J.]                  489

         custody and for that purpose it is necessary that the grounds of           A
         detention must show that (i) the detaining authority was aware of
         the fact that the detenu is already in detention: and (ii) there were
         compelling reasons justifying such detention despite the fact that
         the detenu is already in detention. The expression "compelling
         reasons" in the context of making an order for detention of a person       B
         already in custody implied that there must be cogent mat.erial
         before the detaining authority on the basis of which it may be
         satisfied that (a) the detenu is likely to be released from custody
         in the near future and (b) taking into account the nature of the
         antecedent activities of the detenu, it is likely that after his release
         from custody he would indulge in prejudicial activities and it is          C
         necessary to detain him in order to prevent him from engaging in
         such actiVities."

       When the above principles are applied to the facts of the instant case,
there is no escape from the conclusion that the impugned order cannot be
sustained. Though the grounds of detention indicate the detaining                   D
authority's awareness of the fact that the detenu was in judicial custody at
the time of making the order of detention, the detaining authority has not
brought on record any cogent material nor furnished any cogent ground in
support of the averment made in grounds of detention that if the aforesaid
Surya Prakash Sharma is released on bail 'he may again indulge in serious           E
offences causing threat to public order'. (emphasis supplied). To put it
differently, the satisfaction of the detaining authority that the detenu might
indulge in serious offences causing threat to public order, solely on the
basis of a solitary murder, cannot be said to be proper and justified.

       On the conclusions as above we quash the order of detention.                 F
A.G.                                                          Petition allowed.