TALAULICAR & SONS P. LTD.versusUNION OF INDIA & ANR.

                            [2016] 3 S.C.R. 856



A                    TALAULICAR & SONS P. LTD.
                                     v.
                        UNION OF INDIA & ANR.
                      (Civil Appeal No. 1247 of2012)
B                              JULY 12,2016
       [T.S. THAKUR, CJI, FAKKIR MOHAMED IBRAHIM
            KALIFULLA AND UDAY UMESH LALIT, JJ.]
         Environment laws: Mining operation -· In 2005, environment
    clearance granted to the appellant for expansion of Iron Ore Mine
c   for two years - Appellant filed the report of Hydrogeological study
    on impact of mining on hydrogeologicaf of the mine lease area -
    MoEF-First respondent found the relevant parameters within limit
    and as a result deleted the prescription of two years period - PIL
    by lo.cal resident-respondent seeking stopping of mining activities
D   and for compensation for causing environmental damages - High.
    Court directed the appellant to seek extension of environmental
    clearance for a ft1rther period and in event of non-grant of such
    clearance to discontinue its mining operations till grant of clearance
    - On appeal, held: The order deleting the prescription of two years.
    was a cryptic one without giving due regard to the various salient
E
    features concerning the environment protection and the interest of
    the public at large while granting such clearance - MoEF directed
    to take a fresh !Oak for the continuation or otherwise of the
    environment clearance granted by ii.
         CIVIL APPELLATE JURISDICTION: Civil Appeal No. 1247 of
F
    2012.
         From the Judgment and Order dated 12.08.2011 of the High Cou1t
    of Bombay at Goa in PIL Writ Petition No. 6of2011
                                      WITH
G        C.A.No.6174of2016.
         T.P.(C)No.1843of2013.
        Shyam Divan, Sr. Adv., Yashraj Singh Deora, Ms. ShreyaAgrawal,
    Ms. Priyadarshinee Singh, L. Rodrigues, Ms. Swati Singh, B. Krishna
H
                                     856
      TALAULICAR & SONS. P. LTD. v. UNION OF INDIA                           857



Prasad, Shreekant N. Terdal, Advs. for the Appellant.                        A
     A. N. S. Nadkarni, AG, Ms. Pinky Anand, ASG, Colin Gonsalves,
Sr. Adv., Pratap Venugopal, Ms. Niharika, Santosh Rebello, Ms. Purna
Bhandari, Anshuman Shrivastav, Ms. Taniya Agarwal, Ms. Jyoti
Mendiratta, N. K. Karhail, Rishabh Jain, Ms. Snidha Mehra, S. N. Terdal,
Advs. for the Respondents.                                                    B
     The .Judgment of the Cou11 was delivered by
     l<'AKKIR MOHAMED IBRAHIM KALIFULLA, J.
     Delay condoned.
     Leave granted in SLP(C) ....... ./2016@CC No.20925 of2012.               c
      I. These appeals are directed against a Division Bench judgment
dated 12.08.2011 of the High Court of Bombay at Goa in Public Int.erest
Litigation Writ Petition No.6 of201 l. The said writ petition was moved
at the instance of the second respondent herein with a prayer that the
appellant was originally granted environmental clearance for the expan-       D
sion ofSaniem Sacorda Iron Ore Mine on 25.11.2005 for two years, that
by a subsequent letter dated 18.10.2007 of the first respondent, the two
years period to conduct a higher geological study was deleted, that by
virtue of the conditions stipulated in the Notification dated 27.01.1994
read along with the Notification dated 04.05.1994 such environmental
                                                                              E
clearance granted in favour of the appellant expired on 25.11.2010 and
that in spite of such expiry, the appellant continued to indulge in mining
operations. The second respondent therefore contended that such ille-
gal mining activity of the appellant was n'ot controlled by the first re-
spondent even after the second respondent's communication dated
30.11.2010. It was on the above said basis, the second respondent prayed      F
for the issuance of the mandamus directing the first respondent to stop
the operation of Saniem Sacorda Iron Ore Mine of the appellant ancj
also direct for payment of compensation for having caused environmen-
tal damage.
      2. The Division Bench of the High Court having made a detailed          G
analysis of the grievance of the second respondent as a local resident,
the relevant provisions of the Statute as well as the Environment Impact
Assessment (EIA) Notification dated 27.01.1994, took the view that the
clearance granted in favourofthe appellant in the order dated 25.11.2005
for the expansion of Sanie1i1 Sacorda Iron Ore Mine was initially for a
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858            SUPREME COURT REPORTS                           [2016) 3 S.C.R.



A     period of two years as per the EIA Notification of 1994 and that such
      clearance can be valid only for a period of five years as is stipulated in
      the EIA Notifications and the relevant Rules. The Division Bench ulti-
      mately held that the appellant was carrying on the mining operations
      without a valid subsisting environmental clearance and while granting
      liberty to the appel !ant to seek an extension/renewal of the environmen-
8
      tal clearance for a further period, in accordance with law, within ape-
      riod of three months also directed that in the event of non-grant of any
      such environmental clearance, the appellant should discontinue mining
      operations of the concerned mine, till such time environmental clear-
      ance is granted. While holding so, the Division Bench made it clear that
c     the validity of the environmental clearance granted in favour of the ap-
      pellant was only for a period of five years from the date of commence-
      ment of the operation of the mining projects I expansion of the project
      carried out by the appellant. Aggrieved by the said judgment of the Divi-
      sion Bench, the appellant is before us.

 D          3. It will be worthwhile to note certain observations of the Divisi.on
      Bench before passing final orders in these appeals. While considering.
      the question whether the validity of the environmental clearance granted
      in favour of the appellant would be limited for a period of five years or
      more, the Division Bench made a reference to Para 2(1ll)(c) of the EIA
      Notification of 1994 wherein it was stipulated that clearance granted
 E    would be valid for a period of five years from the commencement of the
      construction or operation of the projects, that such prescription of the
      period has got a nexus to the environment protection. In that context,
      the Division Bench further observed that the purpose and object of the
      Environment Protection Act and the Rules framed there under must be
 F    given its full effect, that ifthere is no check on the environment hazard
      at the time of carrying out the mining activities, it could lead to degrada-
      tion of the environment, that carrying out impact assessment within spe-
      cific period would assist in ascertaining the adverse effect of the project
      activity which is sought to be pursued by the project proponent, that any
      activity carried out in respect of specific projects such as mining, re-
 G    quires environmental clearance in order to see that such activities would
      not result in further degradation of the environment affecting the life of
      the residents in the locality and therefore the prescription oflimited pe-
       riod had a nexus to the grant of environmental clearance. The Division
      Bench also rejected the claim of the appellant that once the environ-
 H    mental clearance was granted, the same would be valid for thirty years
      TALAULICAR & SONS P. LTD. v. UNION OF INDIA                          859
       [FAKKIR MOHAMED IBRAHIM KAL1FULLA, J.]

based on the subsequent Notification of 2006 in supersession of the         A
Notification dated 27.01.1994.
                                                    .                  .
      4. Having thus noted the above-observations of the Division Bench,
we heard Mr. Shyam Divan, learned senior counsel for the appellant,
Mr. A.N.S. Nadkarni, learned Advocate General for Goa, Mr. Colin
Gonsalves, learned senior counsel for the second respondent and Ms. · B
Pinky Anand, learned Additional Solicitor General for the first respon-
dent.
      5. We find that the appellant applied for environmental clearance.
for expansion of Saniem Sacorda Iron Ore Mine falling within Tehsil
Sariguem, District South Goa in the Union Territory of Goa, in its appli- c
cation dated 15.03.2005, followed by subsequent letters dated 28.04.2005
and 16.08.2005. The first respondent passed orders on.25.11.2005. In
paragraph 2.0 it was stipulated that the Ministry of Environment and.
Forest (MoEF in short) accord environmental clearance for a period of
two years only to Saniem Sacorda Iron Ore Mine of the appellant in-
volving a lease area of 50.30 hectares for production of iron ore under D
the provisions of Environment Impact Assessment Notification, 1994,
subject to specific conditions under caption' A'. In sub-para (ii) of Para
'A', it was specifically noted as under:     '     ·
       "A(ii). The proponent shall within 2 years conduct a detailed
       hydrogeological study (quality and quantity) on impact of            E
       mining on hydrogeo!ogy (pre-monsoon, 1nonsoon ~nd.post­
       monsoon) and furnish a detailed report on the same to the
       Ministry. Based on the same, a decision regarding continua-
       tion oflhining beyond 2 years or otherwise will .be taken."
        6. After the said order dated 25. l l .2005;the first respondent passed
  its subsequent order dated 18. I0:2007, wherein, it was stated that in
. pursuance of its order dated 25.11.2005, the appellant had filed the re-
  port-0fhydrogeological study on impact of mining on hydrogeology of
  the mine lease area, that on examination of the said report, it was found
  that radius of influence due to mine pit dewaterlng would extend to about G
  23 5 ;neters around the mine pit, that the stage of g~ound water develop-
  ment is about 4.53% which according to the first respondent was well
  within the safe limits as per Central Groundwater Board Norms. It was
  also noted that the results of chemical qua! ity data of both surface water
  and groundwater as well as mine pit water indicated no contamination·
  due to mining operations. In paragraph 3 of the said order, the first re-. H
860            SUPREME COURT REPORTS                         [2016] 3 S.C.R.



A     spondent ultimately deleted the prescription of two years period stipu-
      lated in the order dated 25.11.2005.
            7. It was in the above stated background, that the second respon-
      dent moved the High Court as a local resident alleging that having re-
      gard to the EIA Notification dated 27.0L 1994 as amended by subse-
B     quent Notification dated 04.05.1994, the environmental clearance granted
      in favour of the appellant was valid only for a period of five years from
      the date of commencement and consequently the five years perrod hav-
      ing expired oi125.11.20I0, further mining operations of the appellant in
      the above referred to mine by way of expansion was 'in violation of the
      provisions of the Environment Protection Act, the EIA Notifications and
c     the relevant Rules.
           8. In so far as the right of a local resident is concerned, when we
      make a reference to the initial Notification dated 27.01.1994, in para-
      graph 2(III)(c) it is specifically provided as under:

D               "2. (Ill}(c). The Impact Assessment Agency shall prepare a
                set of recommendations based on technical assessment of
                documents and data, furnished. by the project authorities,
                supplemented by data collected during visits to sites or fac-
                tories. if undertaken. and int~raction with affected popu-
                lation and environmental groups, if necessmy. Su111111ary of
 E              the reports, the rec.ommendation and the conditions; sub-
                ;ect to which· environmental cleara11ce is given, shall be
              · made available subject to the public interest to the con-
                cerned parties ot environmental groups on request. COm-
                ments of the public may be solicited, if so decided by Im~
 F              pact Assessment Agency. wiihin thirty davs of receipt of
                proposal. in public hearings arranged for the purpose       af-
                ter giving thirty days notice of such hearings in at least
                rn•o newspapers. Public shall be provided access, subject
                to the public interest, to the summary of the reports/Envi-
                romnental Management Plans at the Headquarters of the
 G              Impact Assessment Agency.
                The assessment shall be completed within a periiJd of ninety
                days froin receipt of ihe requisite documents and data from
                the project authoritie.s and completion .of public h.earing,
               ·where required, and decision conveyed within thirty days
 H
      TALAULICAR & SONS P. LTD. v. UNION OF INDIA                              861
       [FAKKIR MOHAMED IBRAHIM KALIFULLA, J.]

         thereafter.                                                            A
         The clearance granted shall be valid for a period of five
         years for commencement of the construction or operation.
          No construction work, preliminary or otherwise, relating
        · to the setting up of the project may be undertaken till the
        · environmental and/or site clearance is obtained. "                    B

                                                       (Emphasis added)
      9. Again when we make reference to the subsequent Notification
dated 14.09.2006, there is a specific provision therein also in paragraph
III Stage III clause (i) & (ii) which contains as many sub-paragraph (a)        c
to (t) in clause (i), (a) and (b) in Clause (ii) apart from Clause (iii) to
(vii). The specifications contained in the Notification dated 14.09.2006,
states that the same came to be issued in supersession of the Notifica-
tion dated 27.01.1994. It also stipulates the Constitution of State Level
Environment Impact Assessment Authority, categorization of projects
and activities, screening, scoping and appraisal committees, different          D
Stages for prior environmental clearance (EC-process for new p1•ojects ),
process for expansion or modernization or change of product mix in
existing projects and at the end in paragraph 8, grant or rejection of prior
environmental dearance and in paragraph 9 validity of environmental
clearance and in paragraph 10 post environmental clearance monitoring,          E
in paragraph 11 transferability of environmental clearance is also pro-
vided.                                                 · ·'

      10. Keeping the above relevant factors in mind, we heard the learned
senior counsel for the appellant, learned Additional Solicitor General and
the learned Advocate General; the learned senior counsel for the second
                                                                                F
respondent. In order to examine the scope, an:ibit and correctness of
the orders dated 25.11.2005 and 18.10.2007, the learned Additional So-
licitor General was directed to call upon MoEF to produce the records
of the case. Thereafter, it was felt that after grant of the environmental
clearance for a period of two years in the order dated 25.11.2005, sub-
ject to submission of hydro geological study of the area, when the subse-       G
quent order dated 18. I 0.2007 was passed, we found that very many
~equirements of the Environment Protection Act, the relevant Rules
framed there under and. the various factors to be take1i into account and
a.detailed public hearing to'be effected as stipulated in the last of the
Notifications dated 14.09.2006, were not specifically add~essed by the
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862            SUPREME COURT REPORTS                            [2016) 3 S.C.R.



A · first respondent while passing the order dated 18.10.2007. In other words,
    the order dated 18.10.2007 was a cryptic one without giving due regard
    to the various salient features concerning the environment protection
    and the interest of the public at large, while granting such clearance and
    allowing the clearance granted earlier to be valid beyond the initial pe-
    riod of two years and also without specifying as to the other terms and
B
    conditions to be complied with.
            11. In such circumstances, while on the one hand, appreciating the
      observations made by the Division Bench in the impugned order which
      we have highlighted in the earlier part of this order, we· feel that the first
      respondent should be directed to take a fresh look for the continuation or
 c    otherwise of the environmental clearance granted by it i.n the order dated
      25.11.2005, after scrupulously following the various relevant factors, such
      as notifying the State level Authority and other Authorities concerned,
      effective public hearing after due paper publication even while referring.
      to the hydro geological repoti submitted by the appellant and then pass
 D    final orders. In that perspective we are convinced that the order dated
      18.10.2007 is liable to be set aside with necessary direction to the first
      respondent to look into the application of the appellant afresh after the
      submission of the hydro geological repo1i and after giving an opportunity
      of hearing to the appellant as well as the second respondent or such
      other bodies to whom such hearing is to be offered as per the subse-
 E
      quent Notification dated 14.09.2006, permit them to file the required
      material documents in support of their respective stand and pass area- .
      soned order in-accordance with the procedure prescribed under the said
      Notification.
           12. With that view, we set aside the order dated 18. I 0.2007, and
 F   consequently the. impugned order cannot also stand. We therefore, di-
   . rect the first respondent MoEF to proceed afresh, issue a notice of hearing
     to the appellant, the second respondent, as well as, hold the consultative
     process with the State Level Authorities and call forthe required reports
     from the concerned experts of its choice and after due hearing, pass
-0 appropriate orders, in accordance with law. Such exercise shall be car-
     ried out by the first respondei1t MoEF expeditiously, preferably, within a
     period of three months from the date of production of a copy of this
     order. It is needless to state that any order that may be passed.pursuant
     to this judgment will always be subject to the decisions in Goa Founda-
      tion cases reported ilr (2014) 6 sec 590 and (2014) 6 sec 738
 H
      TALAULICAR & SONS P. LTD. v. UNION OF INDIA                               863
       [FAKKIR MOHAMED IBRAHIM KALIFULLA, J.]

respectively. We make it clear that we have not gone into the merits of          A
the respective contentions of the appellant or the respondents. The ap-
peals stand disposed of with the above directions. No costs.
     13. Transfer Petition(C) No.1843/2013 has been filed by Respon-
dent-Shankar Raghunath Jog in the above appeals. He has approached
the National Green Tribunal in O.A. No.22/2012 as against the MoEF               B
State Pollution Control Board and the Department of Mines and Geol-
ogy with the following prayer:
      "l. Order or direction ordering the Respondent to close down the
      mines in the State of Goa which do not have valid EC following
      the Judgment in Shankar Jog versus Mis Talaulicar and Sons                 C
      Private Limited, with immediate effect.
      2. Order or direction ordering the Respondent to pay compensation
      under section 15 of the National Green Tribunal Act 2010 to the
      Environmental ReliefFund for its failure to take timely action
      closing the violating mines in the State of Goa which has lead to          D
      environmental degradation.
      3. Costs."
      14. In the body of the application, the Respondent-Shankar
Raghunath Jog has made reference to the environmental clearance
relating to the mining project of the appellant dated 25.1 I .2005 and the       E
subsequent order dated 18.10.2007 by which the conditional grant of EC
for two years came to be deleted. He also made reference to the expiry
of the EC itselfand the grant which occurred on 25.11.2010 while praying
forthe above directions.
      15. It is relevant to note that the appellant was not impleaded as a       F
party in the said 0.A. No.22/2012. In the grounds of the said application
there was a general allegation against the official respondents including
MoEF that inspite of the judgment impugned in the civil appeal (viz)
Public Interest Litigation Writ Petition No.6/2011 dated 12.08.2011 the
official respondents failed to take any steps for closing down the mines
                                                                                 G
which violated the statutory provisions. In the light of the present judgment
and the directions which we have issued, we are of the view that the
0.A. No.22/2012 pending on the file of the Green Tribunal will not survive
inasmuch as Respondent-Shankar Raghunath Jog mainly placed his prayer
based on the impugned judgment when he filed the O.A. before the
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864             SUPREME COURT REPORTS                             [2016] 3 S.C.R.



A     Green Tribunal. Since we have set aside the impugned judgment in
      these Appeals, the whole basis ofRespondent-Shankar Raghunath Jog's
      grievance in the O.A. filed before the Tribunal does not survive.
      Therefore, while allowing the Transfer Petition and direct the O.A. No.22/
      2012 to be transferred to this Court, the 0.A. shall stand dismissed as
      having become infructuous.
B
      Devika Gujral                 Appeals disposed of and Transfer petition allowed.