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46 Supreme Court judgments cite this Act.
The Ministry of Environment granted environmental clearance on 5 January 2021 for expanding a refinery at Vadinar, Gujarat from 20 to 46 MMTPA. The appellant, Sanghar Zuber Ismail, challenged the clearance before the National Green Tribunal (NGT), alleging that the expansion would damage mangroves and marine biology. T…
The Supreme Court examined the Delhi Metro Rail Corporation's (DMRC) request to proceed with Phase‑IV of the Mass Rapid Transit System (MRTS) through areas of the Delhi Ridge, South‑Central and Morphological Ridges, which are either notified forest or deemed forest lands. The petitioners argued that the project would c…
The petitioner, Thomas Lawrence, filed a PIL alleging mass destruction of wetlands and a 10‑acre pond within the Technopark campus in Thiruvananthapuram. The National Green Tribunal (NGT) on 19 December 2018 directed the District Collector to take action within a month. The Collector, on 30 April 2019, issued an order …
The Union Government approved a greenfield international airport at Mopa, Goa, and the Ministry of Environment and Forests (MoEF) granted environmental clearance (EC) under the 2006 notification after the Expert Appraisal Committee (EAC) recommended it. Petitioners Hanuman Laxman Aroskar and the Federation of Rainbow W…
The State of Madhya Pradesh appealed against two orders of the National Green Tribunal (NGT) that directed the State to prohibit fuel dealers from supplying petrol to any motor vehicle that did not display a valid Pollution Under Control (PUC) certificate and to deposit Rs 25 crore as security for compliance. The respo…
The NGT Bar Association (Western Zone) filed a writ petition under Article 32 seeking clarification on the appointment of an acting Chairperson of the National Green Tribunal after the incumbent’s term ended. The issue centered on the interpretation of Section 11 of the National Green Tribunal Act, 2010, which authoris…
M/s Sai Baba Sales Pvt. Ltd. (the Project Proponent) obtained environmental clearance (EC) from the Pimpri Chinchwad Municipal Corporation (PCMC) in 2017 after an amendment to the EIA regime made the local authority the competent body. Subsequent judicial invalidation of parts of the 2016 MoEFCC notification raised que…
Jitendra Singh, a resident of village Saini, challenged the allotment of two village ponds (recorded as ‘pokhar’ in revenue records) to private industrialist Sharp Enterprises by the Greater Noida Industrial Development Authority (GNIDA). The ponds had been leased to Sharp in 2012, but GNIDA relied on a 2016 Government…
The appellants, Pahwa Plastics Pvt. Ltd. and related firms, are MSME manufacturers of formaldehyde that obtained Consent to Establish and Consent to Operate from the Haryana State Pollution Control Board but did not secure prior environmental clearance (EC) as required by the 2006 EIA Notification. The Haryana governme…
The Supreme Court examined the challenge by the Goa Foundation to the criteria adopted by the State of Goa for identifying private forest land, specifically the canopy density threshold of 0.4 and a minimum area of 5 hectares. The Court traced the historical development of these criteria from the 1991 guidelines, the 1…
The appellant, D. Swamy, challenged the Karnataka State Pollution Control Board's (KSPCB) consent to operate a Common Bio‑Medical Waste Treatment Facility (CBMWTF) on the ground that the facility lacked prior environmental clearance (EC) under the 2006 Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) Notification as amended. The …
The Supreme Court examined an appeal against an order of the National Green Tribunal (NGT) that directed State Governments to reconsider the appointments of chairpersons and members of State Pollution Control Boards (SPCBs) and to lay down guidelines for such appointments. The Court held that under the National Green T…
The appellant, M/s C.L. Gupta Export Ltd., was found by the National Green Tribunal (NGT) to have violated environmental laws, leading the Tribunal to impose a Rs.50 crore compensation and direct the Enforcement Directorate to pursue action under the Prevention of Money Laundering Act (PMLA). The appellant contended th…
The National Green Tribunal (NGT) had ordered a halt to construction near the man‑made Teliya Talab in Mandsaur on the basis of a draft ‘trace’ map, disregarding earlier municipal approvals and a final court decree that upheld the Shramjeevi Cooperative Housing Society’s title to 1.4 hectares of land. The Society appea…
The State of Uttar Pradesh granted provisional licences to 1,215 wood‑based industries (WBIs) after an e‑lottery, relying on a timber‑availability assessment by the Forest Survey of India (FSI) under the 2016 Wood‑Based Industries Guidelines. The licences were challenged before the National Green Tribunal (NGT), which …
The petitioners sought a blanket prohibition on the installation of overhead transmission lines for solar power across roughly 99,000 square kilometres in Rajasthan and Gujarat, arguing that such lines threaten the critically endangered Great Indian Bustard (GIB). The Supreme Court had earlier ordered the conversion of…
The appellants, a group of environmental NGOs and affected residents, filed Original Application No. 81 of 2014 before the National Green Tribunal (NGT) seeking an end to the dumping of unsegregated municipal solid waste at an open landfill in Surat, Gujarat, and claiming compensation and restitution. The Western Zone …
The Tamil Nadu government issued a notification banning the manufacture, storage, sale and use of "one‑time use and throwaway plastics", which included reinforced paper cups (plastic‑coated teacups) and non‑woven polypropylene bags. The associations representing manufacturers of these products challenged the ban, alleg…
The Madhya Pradesh High Court Advocates Bar Association and the District Bar Association challenged the National Green Tribunal (NGT) Act, 2010, seeking to relocate the NGT bench from Bhopal to Jabalpur and to strike down provisions they claimed ousted High Court jurisdiction and provided an unconstitutional direct app…
The Supreme Court examined whether the National Green Tribunal (NGT) could entertain direct appeals (leapfrog appeals) against original orders of the Tamil Nadu Pollution Control Board (TNPCB) under the Air and Water Acts, specifically the refusal to renew consent for Sterlite Industries' copper smelter. The Court held…
The Bengaluru Development Authority (BDA) sought an environmental clearance (EC) for its Peripheral Ring Road (PRR) project, which was later quashed by the National Green Tribunal (NGT) on the ground that the primary data used in the Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) report was over three years old and the Terms of…
The petitioners, Citizens for Green Dehradun, challenged Stage‑I forest clearances for a highway project and were directed by the Supreme Court to approach the National Green Tribunal (NGT). They filed an original application before the NGT under Section 14, which was dismissed on the ground that they were circumventin…
The Auroville Foundation appealed against the National Green Tribunal's (NGT) directions that required it to prepare a new township plan and to obtain environmental clearance before completing the Crown Road and other roads in Auroville, alleging that the Tribunal had exceeded its jurisdiction. The respondents, residen…
The appellants filed an application before the National Green Tribunal (NGT) seeking to quash a No‑Objection Certificate (NOC) and consent for a petrol pump at Khasra No. 109/1/2, alleging violations of environmental and municipal regulations. While the NGT dismissed the application, the appellants appealed to the Supr…
The case arose from a tragic landslide on a National Highway caused by over‑mining and hill‑cutting, which killed a woman and her daughter. The National Green Tribunal (NGT) had ordered the National Highways Authority of India (NHAI) and the miner to pay a joint penalty, compensation to the victims' heirs and to fund a…
The National Green Tribunal (NGT) in Chennai ordered the Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) to make it mandatory for all petroleum retail outlets to obtain Consent to Establish (CTE) and Consent to Operate (CTO) before setting up or operating, in addition to directing the installation of vapour recovery systems (VR…
The Supreme Court considered appeals by CREDAI, Godrej Properties and Sai Sahara Developers challenging a National Green Tribunal (NGT) order that applied the General Conditions (GC) of the EIA 2006 Notification to building and construction projects (Item 8(a)) and township projects (Item 8(b)) within 5 km of environme…
Talaulicar & Sons obtained environmental clearance on 25‑Nov‑2005 for expanding an iron‑ore mine, subject to a two‑year condition to submit a hydrogeological study. After submitting the report, the Ministry of Environment and Forests (MoEF) on 18‑Oct‑2007 deleted the two‑year limitation, effectively extending the clear…
The appellant, owner of land in the Mount Abu Eco‑sensitive Zone (ESZ), challenged the National Green Tribunal’s (NGT) order directing the State of Rajasthan to modify its Zonal Master Plan 2030 (ZMP 2030) to prohibit construction on his parcel. The NGT had relied on an Expert Committee report that deemed the land unsu…
The Himachal Pradesh Bus Stand Management and Development Authority (HPBSM&DA) obtained a 99‑year lease on forest land that had been diverted for a parking space and a bus stand under Forest (Conservation) Act orders of 1997 and 2001. It then authorised a private contractor to construct a Bus Stand‑cum‑Parking Complex …
The Talli Gram Panchayat challenged an environmental clearance granted to Ultratech Cement Ltd for limestone mining in ecologically sensitive areas, filing applications for recall of a single‑member bench order and for condonation of delay. The Ministry of Environment amended the NGT Rules 2011 to permit single‑member …
The project proponent obtained Consent to Establish and Consent to Operate for a cold‑rolled stainless steel unit in Gujarat, but the National Green Tribunal (NGT) was approached alleging violation of the 2006 Environment Impact Assessment (EIA) Notification which required prior environmental clearance (EC) for such se…
The original applicant, Goel Ganga Developers, alleged that the project proponent had constructed beyond the limits of the Environmental Clearance (EC) and municipal regulations, prompting the National Green Tribunal (NGT) to order payment of environmental compensation. The proponent filed a review application which wa…
The Supreme Court heard a public‑interest writ filed by Bhopal Gas Peedith Mahila Udyog Sangathan on behalf of the victims of the 1984 Bhopal gas disaster, seeking free medical care, implementation of research studies, and proper administration of the Bhopal Memorial Hospital Trust (BMHT). The Court examined whether it…
The petitioners, Mis Vaamika Island (Green Lagoon Resort), challenged the inclusion of their 5.21 acres on Vettilla Thuruthu Island in Map 32A of the Kerala Coastal Zone Management Plan (CZMP) and its classification as a Filtration Pond and CRZ‑1, alleging that the map and classification were ultra vires the Coastal Re…
The Supreme Court examined whether the National Green Tribunal (NGT) under the National Green Tribunal Act, 2010 can initiate suo motu proceedings in environmental matters. The matter arose when the NGT, on its own motion, took cognizance of a news article on solid waste mismanagement at the Deonar dumping ground and o…
The appellant challenged the environmental clearance (EC) granted in 2008 for a cement grinding unit and a 2011 state notification that changed the land use of a 34.59‑acre green‑belt parcel to "industrial purpose". The High Court transferred the petition to the National Green Tribunal (NGT), which dismissed it on grou…
The Peoples Rights and Social Research Centre (PRASAR), a Delhi‑based NGO, filed a writ petition under Article 32 seeking relief for the widespread occurrence of silicosis among workers in mining, construction, stone‑cutting and sand‑blasting industries. The petition alleged violations of fundamental rights under Artic…
The appellants alleged that the Doloo Tea Estate in Assam, earmarked for a greenfield airport, was subjected to massive clearing of shade trees and uprooting of over 4.1 million tea bushes without the mandatory environmental clearance required under the 2006 Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) Notification. They pres…
The Ratnagiri Nagar Parishad sought to set up a solid waste disposal project on land allotted by the State, which was challenged by a group of local residents who filed a suit for a permanent injunction. The trial court dismissed the suit for lack of evidence, but the first appellate court and the High Court reversed t…
The National Green Tribunal (NGT) constituted an expert committee to investigate alleged environmental violations at Singrauli thermal power plants and uploaded its report and recommendations on 15 January 2022. The NGT then passed its final order on 18 January 2022 without giving the power stations an opportunity to o…
The petitioners alleged that the Karnataka Industrial Area Development Board had allotted ecologically sensitive land for a software technology park, resulting in encroachment of storm‑water drains (Rajakaluves) and damage to the Bellandur lake catchment. The National Green Tribunal (NGT) found violations of wetland an…
The Supreme Court examined a series of appeals arising from the National Green Tribunal's (NGT) orders that banned rat‑hole coal mining in Meghalaya, directed the State to deposit Rs 100 crore for environmental restoration, and held that all coal extracted after May 2016 vested in the State. The Court held that the NGT…
The petitioner, Sridevi Datla, challenged the National Green Tribunal's (NGT) dismissal of her appeal against the environmental clearance for the Bhogapuram Greenfield Airport, arguing that the appeal was filed within the extended 60‑day period because the last day fell on a Sunday and that the NGT erred in refusing to…
The appellant, M/s Triveni Engineering and Industries Ltd., a sugar manufacturer, was ordered by the National Green Tribunal (NGT) to pay Rs.18 crore as environmental compensation for alleged illegal discharge of untreated effluents and related violations. The appellant challenged the orders on the ground that it was n…
The appellant, operating a resort at Rushikonda Hill, was prohibited by the National Green Tribunal (NGT) from further construction, despite an interim order of the Andhra Pradesh High Court permitting the work. The appellant challenged the NGT orders, arguing that the High Court already had jurisdiction over the same …
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