TATA DAVY LTD. ETC.versusSTATE OF ORISSA AND ORS.

A                           TATA DAVY LTD. ETC.
                                         v.
                        STATE OF ORISSA AND ORS.

                                 AUGUST 4, 1977

B                 [S.P. BHARUCHA AND V.N. KHARE, JJ.]
                                                                                       [
          Sick Industrial Companies (Special Provisions) Act, 1985 :

           Section 15/16 and 22 (l)!Orissa Sales Tax Act, 1947; Section 13-
C   A-Sick Industry-Arrears of Sales Tax-Recovery of-Consent of
    Board-Creditors' remedy-High Court held there could be no protection from
    attachment-On appeal, held no coercive recovery of arrear of sales tax
    without obtaining consent of the Board-Creditors' remedy is protected for
    period of deferment and such period is excluded in computing the period of
    limitation.
D
           Constitution of India, 1950: Article 39/Entry 52 of List I/Entry 54 of .
    List II of Seventh Schedule-Held, Central Act does not impair or interfere
    with the rights of States to legislate in respect of sales tax under Entry 54 of
    List II.
E
          Words & Phrases :

          ':Any other Law"-Meaning of-Section 22( 1) of Sick Industrial Com-
    panies (Special Provisions) Act, 1985.

F         The appellant was declared a sick company under the Sick Com·
    panies (Special Provisions) Act, 1985 (Central Act). On a reference under
    S.15 of the Act, an inquiry under s.16 was made and a scheme for In-
    dustrial and Financial Reconstruction was sanctioned by the Board. The
    appellant was in arrears of sales tax. Recovery of the arrears was sought
G   to be made by attachment of the appellant's property under Section 13-A
    of the Orissa Sales Tax Act (State Act).

          The appellant intervened in a writ petition in which the High Court
    was considering the question whether steps taken for recovery of sales tax
    und~:- s.13-A of the State Act were in the nature of proceedings by way of
H   execution, distress or the like contemplated by s.22(1) of the Central Act.
                                         232
                      TATADAVYLTD.v. STATE                             233

      The High Court held that Section 22(1) of the Central Act would not A
protect the properties of Industrial Companies from being proceeded
against in exercise of the power under s.13-A of the State Act. An appeal
made in the High Court to review its decision in the light of Vallabh Glass
Works Ltd. & Ors. [1990] 1 SCR 966, was rejected. Hence the present
appeals.
                                                                              B
      It was contended on behalf of the appellant that this Court had dealt
with proceedings for recovery of dues under a State Act and had come. to
the conclusion that Section 22(1) of the Central Act would apply.

      The contention of the respondents was that Section 22(1) of the C
Central Act should be so read as not to interfere with the exclusive powers
of the State to legislate under Entry 54 of List II of the Seventh Schedule
of the Constitution in respect of sales tax. It was further contended that
the words 'any other law' in s.22(1) of the Central Act must be so read as
to exclude all laws on List II subjects.
                                                                              D
     Allowing the appeal, this Court

      HELD : 1. Arrears of taxes and the like due from Sick Industrial
Companies that satisfy the conditions set out in Section 22(1) of the
Central Act cannot be recovered by coercive process unless the Board gives    E
its consent. [237-B]

      2. The Central Act is enacted under Entry 52 of List I of the Seventh
Schedule. Entry 52 empowers Parliament to legislate in respect of In-
dustries, the control of which by the Union is declared by Parliament by
law to be in public interest. The Central Act does not impair or interfere    F
with the rights of the States to legislate with respect to sales tax under
Entry 54 of List II of the Seventh Schedule. [237-C; E]

      3. Section 22 of the Central Act requires all creditors seeking to
recover their dues from Sick Industrial Companies in respect of whom an G
inquiry under s.16 is pending or a scheme is under preparation or con-
sideration or has been sanctioned to obtain the consent of the Board to
such recovery. If such consent is not secured and recovery is deferred, the
creditors' remedy is protected for the period of deferment is, by reason of
sub- section (5) of Section 22, excluded in the computation of the period
of limitation. The words "any other law" in Section 22, therefore, cannot bt H
    234                    SUPREME COURT REPORTS (1997] SUPP. 3 S.C.R.

A read as to exclude all laws on List II subjects. [237-E-F; 236-H; 237-A]
            Gram Panchayat and Anr. v. Shri. Va/labh Glass Works Limited & Ors.,
    [1990) 1 SCR 966; relied on.

            Deputy Commercial Tax Officer & Ors. v. C01Toma11dal Plzannaceuti-
B cals & Ors., [1997) 2 Scale 640, distinguished.

            CIVIL APPELLATE JURISDICTION : Civil Appeal No. 1354 of
    1991.

            From the Judgment and Order dated 14.11.1990 of the Orissa High
C Court in CR. No. 41 of 1990.
                                        WITH

            Civil Appeal No. 1362-63 of 1991.

D         (R.F. Nariman, S. Sukumaran) for M/s. JBD & Co., M.L. Lahoty,
    P.K. Sharma, Himsanshu Shekhar, P.S. Jha and P.N. Mishra, for appearing
    Parties.

            The Judgment of the Court was delivered by

E         S.P. BHARUCHA, J. The facts that we state relate to the case of Tata
    Davy Limited (C.A. No. 1354/91). They are substantially similar to the facts
    of the other appeals.

          The said appellant was, on 9th February, 1988, declared a sick
    company within the meaning of the Sick Industrial Companies (Special
F   Provisions) Act, 1985 (now referred to as "the Central Act"). On a refer-
    ence under Section 15 of the Central Act made on 23rd December, 1989,
    an inquiry under Section 16 was made and a scheme was sanctioned by the
    Board for industrial and Financial Reconstruction (now referred to as "the
    Board") for the said appellant's benefit and it was at the relevant time
    under implementation.
G
           For the Assessment years 1983-84 and 1984-85 the said appellant was
    in arrears of sales tax under the Orissa Sales Tax Act, 1947 (now referred
    to as "the State Act"). Recovery of the said arrears was sought to be made
    by attachment of the said appellant's property under the provisions of
    Section 13-A of the State Act. The High Court of Orissa was considering
H   the question whether steps to recover sales tax dues under Section 13-A of
           TATADAVYLTD.v. STATE[S.P.BHARUCHA,J.]                      235

the State Act were in the nature of proceedings by way of execution, A
distress or the like contemplated by Section 22( 1) of the Central Act in a
writ petition filed by M/s. Aluminium Industries Ud. (the appellant in the
other appeals) which was, as aforestated, in a position similar Jo that of
the said appellant. The said appellant intervened in the writ petition and
was heard.
                                                                             B
      The High Court said in its judgment on the writ petition that the
question before it was whether the provisions of section 22(1) of the
Central Act overrode the provisions of Section 13-A of the State Act. It
held that there was no irreconciliable conflict between the two provisions
as they operated in separate and distinct fields and, therefore, both were   C
capable of being obeyed. The result was that Section 22(1) of the Central
Act "would not protect the properties of industrial companies from being
proceeded against in exercise of the power under Section 13-A of the State
Act".

       Very soon after the High Court's judgment this Court decided the D
case of Gram Panchayat and Anr. v. Shri Vallabh Glass Works Limited &
Ors., (1990] 1 S.C.R. 966, to which we shall make reference. The appellants
applied to the High Court to review its decision in the light of the Vallabh
Glass Works judgment. The High Court expressed its inability to do so.
Hence these appeals.
                                                                             E
     For the purposes of appreciating the controversy, Section 22(1) of
the Central Act needs to be set down.

        "22. Suspension of legal proceedings, contracts, etc. - ( 1) Where
        in respect of an industrial company, an inquiry under section 16 is F
        pending or any scheme referred to under section 17 is under
        preparation or consideration or a sanctioned scheme is under
        implementation or where an appeal under sections 25 relating to
        an industrial company is pending, then, notwithstanding anything
        contained in the Companies Act, 1956 (1 of 1956), or any other
        law or the memorandum and articles of association of the industrial G
        company or any other instrument having effect under the said Act
        or other law, no proceedings for the winding up of the industrial
        company or for execution, di~tress or the like against any of the
        properties of the industrial company or for the appointment of a
        receiver in respect thereof and no suit for the recovery of money H
    236                  SUPREME COURT REPORTS [1997] SUPP. 3 S.C.R.

A           or for the enforcement of a'ly security against the industrial com-
            pany or of any guarantee in respect of any loans or advance granted
            lo the industrial company shall lie or be proceeded with further,
            except with the consent of the Board, or as the case may be, the
            Appellate Authority."

B         Learned counsel for the appellants placed reliance upon the judg-
    ment in Vallabh Glass Works. Vallabh Glass Work had been declared a
    sick industrial company within the meaning of Section 3(1)(o) of the
    Central Act. The appellant Gram Panchayat initiated coercive proceedings
    under Section 129 of the Bombay Village Panchayat Act against Vallabh
C   Glass Works to recover arrears of property tax. Vallabh Glass Works filed
    a writ petition in the High Court at Bombay claiming the protection of
    Section 22 of the Central Act. The writ petition was allowed, and the Gram
    Panchayat appealed to this Court. This Court noted that the said Board
    had been satisfied by its order dated 27th August, 1987, that Vallabh Glass
D   Works had become a sick industriarcompany and, consequently, steps had
    been taken under Sections 16 and 17 of the Central Act. As soon as the
    enquiry under Section 16 was ordered by the said Board, this Court said,
    the various proceedings set out under Section 22(1) of the Central Act
    were deemed to have been suspended. Creditors could then approach the
    said Board for permission to proceed against the sick company for recovery
E   of their dues and the said Board, at its discretion, could accord such
    approval. If approval was not grante~, the creditors' remedy was not
    extinguished. It was only postponed. The section provided for exclusion of
    the period during which the remedy was suspended while computing the
    period of limjtation for recovery of the dues.
F
          Learned counsel for the appellants submitted that in the case of
    Vallabh Glass Works this Court had dealt with proceedings for recovery
    of dues under a State Act and had come to the conclusion that Section
    22(1) of the Central Act applied thereto. The case of the appellants was,
    therefore, squarely covered by the Vallabh Glass Works Judgment.
G
       Learned counsel for the respondents submitted that Section 22(i) of
  the Central Act should be so read as not to interfere with the exclusive
  power of the States to legislate under Entry 54 of List II of the Seventh
  Schedule of the Constitution in respect of sales tax. In his submission, the
H words "any other law" in Section 22(1) of the Central Act must be so read
           TATA DAVY LID. v. STATE[S.P. BHARUCI:IA,J.]                237

as to exclude all laws on List II subjects, for Parliament must be assumed   A
to know its limitations. Learned Counsel cited the judgment of this Court
in Deputy Commercial Tax Officer & Ors. v. Co"omandal Phannaceutica/s
& Ors., [1997] 2 SCALE 640, as.supporting his case.

      The Vallabh Glass Works judgment covers these appeals. Arrears of      B
taxes and the like due from sick industrial companies that satisfy the
conditions set out in Section 22(1) of the Central Act cannot be recovered
by coercive process· unless the said Board gives its consent thereto.

       The Central Act is enacted under Entry 52 of List I of the Seventh
Schedule. The said Entry 52 empowers Parliament to legislate in respect C
of "Industries, the control of which by the Union is declared by Parliament
by law to be in the public interest". The Central Act declares that it is "for
giving effect to the policy of the State towards securing the principles
specified in clauses (b) and (c) of Article 39 of the Constitution", namely,
"that the ownership and control of the material resources of the community D
are so distributed as best to serve the common good" and· "that the
operation of the economic system does not result in the concentration of
wealth and means of production to the common detriment". The Central
Act does not impair or interfere with the rights of the States to legislate
with respect to sales tax under Entry 54 of List II of the Seventh Schedule.
In the larger interest of the industrial health of the nation, Section 22 of E
the Central Act requires all creditors seeking to recover their dues from
sick industrial companies in respect of whom an inquiry under Section 16
is pending or a scheme is under preparation or consideration or has been
sanctioned to obtain the consent of the said Board to such recovery. If such
consent is not secured and the recovery is deferred, the creditors' remedy F
is protected for the period of deferment is, by reason of sub-section (5) of
Section 22, excluded in the computation of the period of limitation. The
words "any other law" in Section 22 cannot, therefore, be read in the
manner suggested by learned counsel for the respondents.

       The Corromandal Phramaceuticals judgment dealt with a sick in- G
dustrial company which was enabled to collect amounts like sales tax after
the date of the sanctioned scheme. This Court said, "Such amounts like
sales tax, etc. which the sick industrial company is enabled to collect after
the date of the sanctioned scheme, legitimately belonging to the Revenue,
cannot be and could not have been intended to be covered within Section H
    238                   SUPREME COURTRERORTS [1997] SUPP. 3 S.C.R.

A 22 of the Act". It added that the issue that had been arisen before it had
    not arisen in the case of Vallabh Glass Works. It did not appear therefrom
    or from any other decision of this Court or of the H;igh Courts "that in any
    one of them, the liability of the sick company dealt \Vith therein itself arose
    for the first time after the date of sanctioned scheme. At any rate, in none
    of these cases a situation arise whereby the sick industrial unit was enable
B   to collect tax due to the Revenue from the customers after the sanctioned
    scheme but the sick unit simply folded its hands and declined to pay it over
    to the Revenue, for which proceedings for recovery had to be taken".
    Clearly, the facts in the corromandal Pharmaceutical case differ from the
    facts of the Vallabh Glass Works case and those before us. The reference
C   to the Corromandal Pharmaceuticals case is, therefore, inapposite.

          We hold, in the premises, that the respondents cannot recover the
    aforementioned arrears of sales tax from the appellants without first seek-
    ing the consent of the said Board in fais behalf.

D         The appeals are allowed and the judgments and orders under appeal
    are set aside. No order as to costs.

    S.V.K. Iyer                                                  Appeals allowed.