TATA IRON AND STEEL CO. LTD.versusCOLLECTOR OF CENTRAL EXCISE

A                     TATA IRON AND STEEL CO. LTD.
                                  v.
                     COLLECTOR OF CENTRAL EXCISE

                              DECEMBER 16, 1994

B                [R.M. SAHAI AND K.S. PARIPOORNAN, JJ.]

         Central Excises and Salt Act, 1944: Tariff Schedule-Entries-Item 26
    and 26AA-Scrap obtained in the course ofmanufacture of iron and steel-
    Conversion of scrap into ingots after remelting-Held duty on .scrap was
    leviable under item 26 and not under item 26AA(i).         '
c
        Words and Phrases:

        'Scrap', 'Semi finished product '-What is.

         The appellant-company was selling scrap, obtained by it in the
D   course of manufacture of iron and steel products, to different parties
    for manufacturing steel ingots out of the scrap. On the question
    whether the scrap was dutiable under item 26 or 26AA of the Tariff
    Schedule the Central Excise and Gold (Control) Appellate Tribunal
    held that duty was to be levied under item 26AA. The Tribunal relied
    on a price circular issued by the Controller of Iron and Steel classifying
E   scrap into industrial, re-rolling and melting scrap and fixing different
    rate for each and every size of the scrap. Further the Tribunal held that
    even 'through scrap sold by the appellant-company was melted- to
    produce ingots but that was not determinative of its character as what
    was melted was not melting scrap because of its size, therefore, it did
F   not attract levy under item 26 but under item 26AA being 'something
    like sub-standard goods. The Tribunal also held that since the appellant
    company did not dispute that the scrap produced by it could be
    industrial scrap, the scrap produced by it could not be taken to be re-
    melting scrap. Against the decision of the Tribunal an appeal was
    preferred in this Court.
G
         Allowing the appeal and setting aside the C>rder of the Tribunal,
    this Court

        HELD: 1. The scrap cleared by the appellant in each year having
    been melted and re-used as iron ingots was remelting scrap dutiable
H   under Item 26 of the Tariff Schedule. Item 26 purports to levy duty on
                                     648
                 TATA IRON & STEEL v. COLL. C. EXCISE                 649

re-melting scrap. The Tribunal having found that the scrap produced A
by the appellant was remelted the products cleared by the appellant
satisfied the test of being re-melting scrap. [652 F, 652 DJ

     2. Under Entry 26AA what is exigible to duty is semi finished steel
including blooms, billets, slabs, sheet ~ars etc. Semi finished may mean
between raw material and finished products. But it cannot be described B
as scrap. A sub-standard bloom or billet is steel bloom or billet. But the
scrap of billet or bloom would not be the same thing as semi finished
products. In the commercial sense, scrap and semi-finished products
cannot be understood in the same sense. The attempt of the
Department, therefore, to levy duty on scrap under Item 26AA was not C
correct. [651H,652 A to BJ

    3. Neither reasons given by the Tribunal appears to be sound. Price
fixation by Controller of Iron and Steel could not furnish basis for
interpreting the entry, for levying duty under the Central Excises and
Salt Act, 1944. Size of scrap may be relevant for fixation of price but it D
could not reflect on the nature of scrap. [652 EJ

     4. A semi-finished product is one which requires some further work
or treatment to become serviceable. But it cannot apply to scrap as it is
normally understood as something which is not serviceable. 'Scrap'
according to dictionary means, 'a small piece cut or broken from E
something; fragment'. In commercial parlance 'scrap' is normally
understood as 'waste'. But it may be used for re-rolling or re-melting
for bringing out raw material to be used for producing finished
products. [650 G, 651 H]

    CIVIL APPELLATE WRISDICTION: Civil Appeal Nos. 3 l 96-96A of F
1986 etc. etc.

    From the Judgment and Order dated 24/27.2.86 of the Central Excise
(Customs) and Gold (Control) Appellate Tribunal, New Delhi in
A.No.E.B./SB/T/142/76-B and 1844of1985-B.
                                                                            G
     Soli J. Sorabjee, A. Haksar, Ms. Amrita Mitra and Ms. Sonu Bhatnagar
for JBD and Co., for the Appellant.

    Subba Rao and P. Parmeswaran for the Respondent.

    The Judgment of the Court was delivered by                              H
    650                      SUPREME COURT REPORTS                         [1994] SUPP. 6 S.C.R

A       R.M. SAHAI, J. The only dispute that arises for consideration· in these
    appeals directed against the Order of Central Excise and Gold (Control)
    Appellate Tribunal is whether scrap obtained by the appellant in course of
    manufacture of iron and steel and steel products was dutiable under Item 26
    or 26AA of the Tai iff Schedule.

B        Since facts are not in dispute, and the duty is sought to be levied on
    scrap obtained by the appellant in course of manufacture of iron and steel
    products and supplied by it to Mis. Tata Yodogawa Ltd. on payment of
    duty for conversion of scrap into ingots after re-melting which was actually
    re-melted and re-used by the appellant as ingot, it is appropriate to extract
    the two entries relating to steel ingots and iron or steel products:-
c
                    "26.- Steel Ingots including                              Rs.100 per
                         Scrap.                                               Steel Melting
                                                                              metric tonne."

                    "26AA.- Iron or steel products, the following namely:-
D
          (i) Semi-finished steel including                      Rs.Three hundred and fifty
              blooms, billets, slabs, sheet bars,                          per metric tonne
              tin bars, and hoe bars.

                    (ii) .......................................... .
E                   (iii) ......................................... .

                    (iv) ........................................... .

                    (v) .............................................. .

         Item 26 levies duty on raw material. In commercial parlance steel
F   ingots are used for producing steel products. Raw melting scrap serves the
    same purpose. Item 26AA deals with iron and steel products. What are
    those products is mentioned in clauses (i) to (v) of the item. These appeals
    are concerned with the scope of clause (i) . It deals with semi-finished steel.
    A semifinished product is one which requires some further work or
    treatment to become serviceable. But it cannot apply to scrap as it is
G
    normally understood as something which is not serviceable. Even the
    Tribunal held that scrap produced by appellant, 'did not strictly answer to
    the description but they can resemble or closely resemble them, qualifying
    to be called sub-standard blooms or slabs or bars or channels.' But a sub-
    standard article is not scrap as understood in commercial parlance or trade
H   circle. Two reasons have been given by the Tribunal for including scrap of .
              TATA IRON & STEEL v. COLL. C. EXCISE [R.M. SAHAI, J.]                651

    iron and steel in Item 26AA- one, price circular issued by Controller of A
    Iron and Steel classifying scrap into industrial, re-rolling and melting scrap
    and fixing different rate for each and every size of scrap. The Tribunal held
    that even though scrap sold by the appellant to Mis. Tata Yodogawa Ltd.
    was melted to produce ingots but that was not determinative of its character
    as what was melted was not melting scrap because of its size, therefore, it
    did not attract levy under Item 26 but under Item 26AA being something B
    like sub-standard goods.

         When the matter was pending in appeal the Assistant Collector of
    Central Excise wrote a letter to the Director of Inspection (Metallurgical),
/
    Jamshedpur, requesting him to give his views whether the scrap solJ by the
    appellant under agreement to different parties for manufacturing steel                C
    ingots out of the scrap could be described as re-melting scrap as the
    Department on examining the invoices found that maximum length of such
    scrap of various products like rails, billets, plates, lee, channels, angles,
    beams etc. were only up to 1.5 meters and such scraps, according to Iron
    and Steel Controller's specification of 1959, could not be classified as re-
    melting scrap. This letter was replied by the Director and it was mentioned           D
    that from the letter sent by the Assistant Collector it appeared that the size
    and dimension of the scrap was taken as the sole yardstick for classification
    and, 'if that be the case than the classification of scraps solely on the basis
    of size factor can hardly be considered a very rational classification.' The
    Director further was of the opinion that, 'the steel manufacturing operations         E
    generate scrap which is in tum re-used not only in the steel making process
    but also in plant furnaces and cupolas. This scrap is called process scrap or
    "arisings" of steel mills. Cuttings of rails, billets, plates, axles, channels etc.
    supplied to Mis Tata Yadogawa Ltd. are 'arisings' ofTISCO's mills. These
    scraps (process scrap) are usually treated as melting scraps in developed
    countries as well as in India. There are different grades of melting scrap-           F
    heavy, medium and iight. 'He further observed that the technology has
    changed and in view of the developments in iron and steel industry the size
    factor could not always be main criterion for the classification of steel
    scraps.

        Although this letter is not relevant but it goes to demonstrate that size G
    of the scrap is not determinative whether it was melting scrap or not.
    'Scrap' according to dictionary means, 'a small piece cut or broken from
    something; fragment'. In commercial parlance 'scrap' is normally
    understood as 'waste'. But it may be used for re-rolling or re-melting for
    bringing out raw material to be used for producing finished products. Under
    Entry 26AA what is exigible to duty is semi-finished steel including H
    652                     SUPREME COURT REPORTS ·          [1994) SUPP. 6 S.C.R

A   i.ilooms, billets, slabs, sheet bars etc. Semi finished may mean between raw
    material' and finished products. But it cannot be described as scrap. A· sub-
    stat:dard bloom or billet is steel bloom or billet. But the scrap of billet or
    bloorn would not be the' same thing as semi-finished product. In the
    commercial. sense, scrap and semi-finished products. cannot be understood
    in the same sense. The attempt of the Department, therefore, td levy duty on
B   scrap under Item 26AA was not correct.                  . . . .     .

          Melting scrap is defined as:-

                     "Scrap which cannot be used for any other purposes but can
                     be charged into furnace for melting should be classified as
C                    melting scrap".

         The Tribunal held that since the appellant did not dispute that the scrap
    produced by the appellant could be industrial scrap, the scrap produced by
    it could not be taken to be re-melting scrap. Item 26 purports to levy duty
    on re-melting scrap. The Tribunal having found that the scrap produced by
D   the appellant was remelted the products cleared by the appellant satisfied
    the test of being re-melting scrap.

         Neither reasons given by the Tribunal, therefore, appears to be sound.
    Price fixation by Controller of Iron and Steel could not furnish basis for
    interpreting the entry, for levying duty under the Central Excise and Salt
E   Act, 1944. The Controller might have classified scrap depending on size
    and terming it as rolling, melting and industrial scrap but that could hot
    render it as semi-finished steel products. Size of scrap may be relevant for
    fixation of price but it could not reflect on the nature of scrap.

         In the result, the appeals are allowed and the order passed by the
F   Tribunal is set aside. The question of law raised by the appellant is decided
    by saying that the scrap cleared by the appellant in each year having been
    melted and re-used as iron ingot was remelting scrap dutiable under Item 26
    of the Tariff Schedule.

          The appellant shall be entitled to its costs.
G   T.N.A.                                                       Appeal allowed.