THE REGIONAL MANAGER AND DISCIPLINARY AUTHORITY, STATE BANK OF INDIA, HYDERABAD AND ANR.versusS. MOHAMMED GAFFAR

'•




       THE REGIONAL MANAGER AND DISCIPLINARY AUTHORITY,                               A
            STATE BANK OF INDIA, HYDERABAD AND ANR.
                                v.
                     S. MOHAMMED GAFFAR

                                 AUGUST 16, 2002
                                                                                      B
             [DORAISWAMY RAJU AND SHIVARAJ V. PATIL, JJ.]


          Service law:

          State Bank of India Conduct Rules-Governed by Sastry Award and              C
     Desai Award-Paragraph 52I(4) and 5(j) of Sastry Award and Paragraph
     10.28 of Desai Award-Departmental proceedings-Allegation of misconduct
     -Charge proved-Award of punishment-High Court held the misconduct not
     to be gross misconduct and directed disciplinary authority to impose only
     minor punishment-On appeal-Held, charge would constitute 'gross                  D
     misconduct'-High Court was obliged to construe the expression 'gross
     misconduct' in the context of its definition with particular reference to
     various acts and omissions on the part of the employee.

           Constitution of India, 1950-Article 226-Jurisdiction under-
     Interference with quantum ofpunishment imposed by Disciplinary authority-        E
     Held, not permissible unless such imposition is impermissible or that it
     shocks the conscience of the Court-Service law-Departmental proceedings.

           Words and Phrases:

          Gross misconduct' and 'Minor misconduct '-Meaning of in the context         F
     ofState Bank of India Conduct Rules governed by Sastry Award-Paragraphs
     521(4) and 521(6).

            On charges including that or unauthorisedly adding three increments
     in his favour to which the respondent was legitimately not entitled to, be was
     placed under suspension.                                                         G
           After departmental enquiry the charges were proved. Disciplinary
     authority though proposed to inOict punishment of discharge from service,
     but on consideration of explanation of the respondent, took a lenient view and
     modified the proposed punishment to one of withdrawal of Special Allowances,     H
                                          573
                                                                                       ••


    574                    SUPREME COURT REPORTS (2002) SUPP. I S.C.R.

A   as provided in paragraph 521(5)(1) ofSastry Award and paragraph 10.28 of
    Desai Award.

          Respondent filed writ petition wherein Single Judge of High Court took
    the view that the c~arge was proved and the same constituted 'gross
    misconduct' of serious nature and hence there was no scope for interference
B   with the order of the Disciplinary Authority. Division Bench of High Court
    dismissed the writ appeal holding that challenge to the quantum of punishment
    on,the ground urged cannot be gone into. Supreme Court allowed the appeal
    directing restoration of writ appeal for fresh disposal on merit.

        Thereafter, Division Bench though categorically found that the conduct
C would amount to 'misconduct' but concluded that it did not constitute such a
  gross misconduct within the meaning of sub paragraph 4(1) of Para 521 of
  Sastry Award and, therefore, set aside the punishment and directed disciplinary
  authority to consider the matter afresh for imposing only a minor punishment.

D         In appeal to this Court appellant-:Bank contended that the quantum of
    punishment could not be interfered while exercising jurisdiction under Article
    226 of the Constitution of India; and that the misconduct committed by the
    respondent would fall within the meaning of the expression 'gross misconduct'
    as envisaged in paragraph 521(4).

E        · Respondent contended that he having opted for voluntary retirement
    under the 'State Bank of India Voluntary Retirement Scheme' has since
    retired from service, there is no justification to interfere with the High Court
    judgment

          Allowing the appeal, the Court
F
          HELD: 1. The factum of voluntary retirement will have no impact on the
    proceedings which would involve and directly affect, having regard to the
    nature of punishment, pecuniary claims and rights of the parties and keeping
    in view that the r·espondent could assert a claim for the recovery of the
G   amounts denied by way of withdrawal.of special allowance, the issue cannot
    be avoided from being decided. [578-G, HJ

          2.1. The expression 'gross misconduct' is not to be or could not have
    been viewed or considered in the abstract or as it appeared or appealed to the
    perception of the court, at any rate, so far as the case on band is concerned.
H   The service conditions in this regard are governed by the conduct rules under
       DISCIPLINARY AUTHORITY, S.B.L INDERABADv. S. MOHAMMED GAFFAR       575
the Sastry Award and Desai Award and Paragraph 521(4) ofSastry Award in          A
particular and in unmistakable terms has laid down as to what the expression
'gross misconduct' shall be meant, by enumerating various instances of
commission and omission on the part of an employee. Likewise, Paragraph
521(6) of the Sastry Award also stipulated as to what the expression 'minor
misconduct' shall be meant by equally enumerating instances of commission        B
and omission on the part of an employee. In view of such peculiar position
governing the rights of parties, the Court was obliged to construe the
expression 'gross misconduct' in the context of the definition with particular
reference to the various enumerated acts and omissions on the part of an
employee. [579-C, DJ

      2.2. The instances enumerated to define the expression 'minor
                                                                                 c
misconduct' would indicate that they are routine lapses or lapses or acts with
no direct adverse financial implications or loss to the assets or pecuniary
interests of the Bank claiming and availing of increments to which the
respondent was held to be not entitled to and that too without the sanction or
approval of the competent authority when he was the dealing person in the D
Section, cannot be simply glossed over to be viewed not as a 'gross misconduct'
without doing violence to the meaning ascribed to the said expression under
the Sastry Award. Particularly in the context in which the words 'gross
misconduct' has to be construed for this case, the charge held proved would
definitely constitute 'gross misconduct and consequently the discretion vested E
with the Disciplinary Authority to impose the punishment of its choice to
suitably meet the requirements of the case would not be either denied to it or
curtailed and interfered with in exercise of jurisdiction under Article 226 of·
the Constitution of India. [579-G-H; 580-A, BJ

      3. In departmental proceedings, insofar as imposition of penalty or        F
punishment is concerned, unless the punishment or penalty imposed by the
disciplinary or appellate authority is either impermissible or such that it
shocks the conscience of the High Court, it should not normally interfere
with the same or substitute its own opinion and either impose some other
punishment or penalty or direct the authority' to impose a particular nature
or category of punishment of its choice. Therefore, the view taken by the High   G
Court in disregard of this settled principle cannot be approved. [580-C, DJ

     CIVIL APPELLATE JURISDICTION: Civil Appeal No. 5072 of2002.""

     From the Judgment and Order dated 8.8.200 I of the Andhra Pradesh
High Court in W.A. No. 256 of 1993.                                              H
    576                    SUPREME COURT REPORTS (2002) SUPP. I S.C.R.

A        Harish N. Salve, Solicitor General, Rajiv Kapur and Sanjay Kapur, for the
    Appellants.

          G. Ramakrishna Prasad and Wasay Khan for the Respondent.

          The Judgment of the Court was delivered by
B
          D. RAJU, J, Special leave granted.

          The respondent herein has joined the service of the State Bank of India
    in the year 1967 as a Clerk. When he was serving as such in Kurnool Bazar
    Branch, Kurnool, disciplinary proceedings were initiated against him and he
C   was placed under suspension on 11.7.1975 followed by a charge-sheet issued
    on 23.10.197$ framing four charges. Since in respect of some of the charges,
    namely l, 3 and 4, criminal proceedings were also launched and as a sequel
    to the acquittal of the respondent by the Criminal Court, which was affirmed
    by the Appellate Court also, no further inquiry was held· in respect of those
    charges framed in the departmental proceedings. Thereafter, another charge-
D   sheet dated 19.10.1985 was issued against the respondent containing two
    charges, one of which related to the earlier departmental proceedings. The
    respondent was placed again under suspension w .e.f. 26. l 0.1985. When the
    criminal proceedings, noticed above, relating to the earlier set of charges were
    pending, the respondent came to be appointed as Head Clerk on 5.4.1983,
E   which subsequently came to be also regularized w.e.f. 25.10.1983. It may be
    pointed out at this stage that such appointment as Head Clerk came to be
    made in the light of certain orders passed by the High Court in a writ
    proceedings and it was so done subject to the condition that the promotion
    of the respondent would be subject to the result of the domestic inquiry and
    also the appeal against the acquittal, which was at that time pending before
F   the Court.

         While matters stood thus, the departmental inquiry was held into the
    two charges, which read as follows:-

            "I. It is alleged that you have surreptitiously taken into your
G           possession the draft bearing No.BB.255680 dated 19.2.1973 for Rs. 500
            issued by Kurnool Bazar Branch on Hyderabad in favour of Syed
            Abdul Quayyum Hussain Sahib and encashed the same on 2.3.1973
            by forging the payee's signature.

            2. It is further alleged that during March 1981, when you were working
H           as a Clerk in the establishment section, you prepared the establishment




                                                                                       j;;
 DISCIPLINARY AUTHORITY, S.B.L HYDERABAD v. S. MOHAMMED GA FF AR (RAJU, I.]   577
       register and included unauthorisedly three increments for yourself           A
       penaining to the years 1976 to 1978, the period during which you were
       under suspension and drawn the increments although you are not
       entitled for the same as per the reinstatement order served on you on
       6th October, 1978".

The Inquiry Officer held both the charges to have been proved. Thereupon,           B
the Disciplinary Authority, though proposed to inflict the punishment of
discharge from the Bank service as provided in Paragraph 52 l(S)(e) of the
Sastry Award read with Paragraph 18.28 of the Desai Award by his Notice
dated 17.6.1987, on a consideration of the explanation and taking a lenient
view, modified the proposed punishment of discharge from the Bank service           C
into one of Withdrawal of Special Allowance (Head Clerk Allowance) as
provided in Paragraph 521(5)(!) of the Sastry Award read with Paragraph 10.28
of Desai Award and passed final orders accordingly on 31.3.1988. The appeal
filed by the respondent against the same did not meet with success. Thereupon,
Writ Petition No.13011 of 1988 came to be filed to quash the same.
                                                                                    D
      A learned Single Judge of the Andhra Pradesh High Coun by his
judgment dated 3.12.1992 dismissed the Writ Petition on the view that not
only Charge No.2 of the Charges have been held proved, but the same
constituted a gross misconduct of serious nature and consequently there was
no scope for interference. When the matter was pursued in appeal (Writ
Appeal No.256 of 1993), the Division Bench by an order dated 9.10.1996 E
declined to interfere on the view that the challenge to the quantum of
punishment on the ground urged cannot be gone into in the said appeal. The
respondent pursued the matter on funher appeal before this Coun in Civil
Appeal No.3842 of 1999 and by an Order dated 16.7.1999 this Coun, while
allowing the appeal and setting aside the order oftbe Division Bench, directed p
restoration of the writ appeal (Writ Appeal No.256 of 1993) td the file of the
High Coun, to be disposed of afresh on merits. Thereupon, a Division Bench
of the High Coun by an order dated 8.8.200 I, challenged in this appeal, set
aside the punishment imposed and directed the Disciplinary Authority to
consider the matter afresh for imposing only a minor punishment. The Division
Bench though rejected the ·contention on behalf of the respondent that the G
act complained of, which was the subject-matter of the second charge held
proved, is only a mistake not amounting to misconduct, recording a categorical
finding that such an unilateral act of drawal of increments in his own favour,
to which he was not entitled to and that too while he was serving as the
concerned Head Clerk without any sanction or approval from the competent H
    578                    SUPREME COURT REPORTS [2002] SUPP. I S.C.R.

A   authority would amount to 'misconduct', concluded at the same time that it
    did not constitute such a gross misconduct within the meaning of sub-
    paragraph 4( I) of Para 521 of the Sastry Award and, therefore, the punishment
    imposed must be held to be not sustainable. It is on such view taken and on
    the premise that inasmuch as the punishment imposed was as a result of
    cumulative effect of the findings recorded on both charges that they stood
B   proved, a fresh consideration of the quantum of punishment became necessary.

          Aggrieved, the Bank has come on appeal to this Court.

           The learned Solicitor General appearing for the appellant-Bank contended
    that the quantum of punishment cannot be so lightly interfered while exercising
C   jurisdiction under Article 226 of the Constitution of India, the Court having
    held that the action of the respondent constituted misconduct, as though in
    exercise of an appellate jurisdiction. It was also contended that the misconduct
    committed by the respondent would ,fall within the meaning of the expression
    'gross misconduct' as envisaged in Paragraph 521(4) and that the words
D   'gross misconduct' should be understood or perceived in the context the
    various acts and omissions on the part of an employee as enumerated therein
    in contrast with Paragraph 521(6), which defined the expression 'minor
    misconduct' and consequently there was no justification for the Division
    Bench to have interfered with the quantum, which itself, according to the
    learned counsel, was on the linen side.
E
           Per contra, the learned counsel for the respondent, with great vehemence,
    while inviting at length our attention to the orders of the courts below, the
    earlier order passed by this Court in the appeal filed by the respondent and
    the relevant paragraphs of the Sastry Award and Desai Award, contended
F   that the view taken by the Division Bench is unexceptionable and, therefore,
    does not call for any interference. It was also urged that the respondent
    having opted for voluntary retirement under the State Bank of India Voluntary
    Retirement Scheme and has since retired from the service w ,e.f. 31.3.2001 there
    is hardly any justification to interfere with the order of the Division Bench.

G         We have carefully considered the submissions of the learned counsel
    appearing on either side. As rightly urged by the learned counsel for the
    appellant-Bank, the factum of voluntary retirement will have no impact on the
    proceedings which would involve and directly affect, having regard to the
    nature of punishment, pecuniary claims and rights of the parties and keeping
    in view that the respondent could assert a claim for the recovery of .the
H   amounts denied by way of withdrawal of special allowance (Head Clerk
 DISCIPLINARY AUTHORITY, S.B.I. HYDERABADv. S. MOHAMMEDGAFFAR[RAJU, J.]   579
allowance), the issue cannot be avoided from being decided.                       A
      On the facts specifically found in this case that the respondent while
working in the Establishment Section and preparing the Establishment Register
got included unauthorisedly three increments for himself pertaining to the
years 1976-78, to which he was not legitimately entitled to, without any
approval or sanction of the competent authority and on the view arrived at        B
further even by the Division Bench that it is not a mere mistake but really
constituted misconduct, it is beyond comprehension as to how the Court
could have further proceeded to hold that it is not a gross misconduct. The
expression 'gross misconduct' is not to 'be or could have been viewed or
considered in the abstract or as it appeared or appealed to the perception of     C
the Court, at any rate, so far as the case on hand is concerned. Indisputably,
the service conditions in this regard are governed by the conduct rules under
the Sastry Award and Desai Award and Paragraph 521(4) in particular and in
unmistakable tenns has laid down as to what the expression 'gross misconduct'
shall be meant, by enumerating various instances of commission and omission
on the part of an employee. Likewise, Paragraph 521(6) of the Sastry Award        D
also stipulated as to what the expression 'minor misconduct' shall be meant
by equally enumerating instances of commission and omission on the part of
an employee. In view of such peculiar position governing the rights of parties,
the Court was obliged to construe the expression 'gross misconduct' in the
context of the definition with particular reference to the various enumerated     E
acts and omissions on the part of an employee. In doing so, it would be useful
to advert to at least two of the enumerated aspects, which read as follows:-

        "U) doing any act prejudicial to the interest of the bank or gross
        negligence or negligence involving or likely to involve the bank in
        serious loss;                                                             F
        (m)/(n) knowingly making a false statement in any document pertaining
        to or in connection with his employment in the bank."

        In contrast, the instances enumerated to define the expression 'minor
        misconduct' would indicate that they are routine lapses or lapses or
        acts with no direct adverse financial implications or loss to the assets G
        or pecuniary interests of the Bank claiming and availing of increments
        to which the respondent was held to be not entitled to and that too
        without the sanction or approval of the competent authority when he
        was the dealing person in the Section, cannot be simply glossed over
        to be viewed not as a gross misconduct without doing violence to the H
    580                     SUPREME COURT REPORTS [2002] SUPP. I S.C.R.

A            meaning ascribed to the said expression under the Sastry Award,
             having regard to, at any rate, the enumerated instances such as '(j)'
             and '(m)/(n)', noticed above. In our view, particularly in the context
             in which t~e words 'gross misconduct' has to be construed for this
             case, the charge held proved would definitely constitute 'gross
             misconduct' and consequently the discretion vested with the
B            Disciplinary Authority to impose the punishment of its choice to
             suitably meet the requirements of the case could not be either denied
             to it or curtailed and interfered with in exercise of jurisdiction under
             Article 226 of the Constitution of India.

C          The High Court seems to have overlooked the settled position that in
    departmental proceedings, insofar as imposition of penalty or punishment is
    concerned, unless the punishment or penalty imposed by the Disciplinary or
    Appellate Authority is either imperm~ssible or such that it shocks the
    conscience of the High Court, it should not normally interfere with the same
    or substitute its own opinion and either impose some other punishment or
D   penalty or direct the authority to impose a particular nature or category of
    punishment of its choice. It is for this reason we cannot accord our approval
    to the view taken by the High Court in disregard of this settled principle.
    Consequently, the appeal is allo~ed, the judgment of the Division Bench is
    set aside and that of the learned Single Judge shall stand restored. No costs.

E   K.K.T.                                                         Appeal allowed.




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