Holding

Service rendered as Assistant/Associate Lecturer (Class‑III) cannot be counted as service as Lecturer (Class‑II) for the purpose of determining eligibility for senior‑scale or selection‑grade pay.

Summary

The State of Maharashtra appealed against a decision of the Maharashtra Administrative Tribunal which had directed that the service of Assistant and Associate Lecturers, appointed before 1979, be counted as service as Lecturers for the purpose of granting senior‑scale and selection‑grade pay. The respondents, who were originally appointed as Assistant/Associate Lecturers (Class‑III), argued that their pre‑upgradation service should be treated as experience in the Lecturer cadre (Class‑II). The Tribunal had held that such service could be counted, thereby making the respondents eligible for senior‑scale and selection‑grade postings. The Supreme Court examined the Government of India resolution of 1973 and the Government of Maharashtra resolution of 1990, which stipulated that only service rendered after regular appointment as Lecturer could be considered for senior‑scale and selection‑grade eligibility. The Court concluded that service in Class‑III cannot be treated as service in Class‑II because the posts have different responsibilities and pay scales. Consequently, the Court set aside the Tribunal’s order and allowed the appeal, directing that only post‑upgradation service as Lecturer be counted for senior‑scale and selection‑grade eligibility.

Issues considered

Whether service rendered as Assistant/Associate Lecturer (Class‑III) can be counted as service as Lecturer (Class‑II) for determining eligibility for senior‑scale or selection‑grade pay.
Whether the Maharashtra Administrative Tribunal erred in interpreting the Government of India and Government of Maharashtra resolutions on upgradation of lecturers.

Subjects

service lawupgradationsenior scaleselection gradelecturerclass IIIclass IIpay scalegovernment resolutionadministrative tribunal

Judgment

A THE STATE OF MAHARASHTRA
v.
ENGINEERING COLLEGE TEACHERS'
ASSOCIATION AND ORS.

JULY 22, 1996
B
[K. RAMASWAMY AND G.B. PATTANAIK, JJ.]
.
Service Law-Scace of Maharashcr<r-E11gineeri11g Colleges-Respon-
dents-Whether could be fitted i11to the senior scale of pay or Selection
C grade-Decision of Govemment of India dated October 16, 1973-Resolution
of Govemme11t of Maharashtra dated March 23, 199o-Proceedings dated
August 28, 1992 and January 30, 1995-Assistant/Associate Lec-
turei-Upgradation as Lecturer after completing the requisite length of service
and fulfilling the prescribed educational qualifications-Eligibility for selection
D grade-Held pre-upgradation service cannot be taken into account towards
service as Lecturer for detem1i11i11g eligibility for senior scale-The Assis-
tant/Associate Lectllrers are in Class-Ill whereas Lecturers are in Class-
lf-77ierefore, the sen-ice re11dered in Class-Ill cannot be computed as service
rendered i11 Class-If service.

E CIVIL APPELLATE JURISDICTION: Civil Appeal No. 9889 of
1996.

From the Judgment and Order dated 17.4.95 of the Maharashtra
Administrative Tribunal, Bombay in T.A. No. 670/91 in W.P. No. 2854 of
F 1991.

K.M. Reddy and S.M. Jadhav for the Appellant.

Uday U. Lalit for the Respondents.

G The following Order of the Court was delivered :

Delay condoned.
·. ~ .
Leave granted.

H We have heard learned counsel on both sides.
794
ST1\TE v. ENGG. COLLEGE'ffACHERs· ASSN. 795

'fhi~ appeal by special leave arises from the order of the Ad1ninistra- A
live Tribunal, Maharashtra made on April 17, 1995 in TA No. 670/9l. The
;1dm!ncd facts arc that all the respondents \Vere appointed prior to 1979
as Assistant LcctUrers and \l.(ere posse.sscd of Po:;.t Graduation/Doc-
torate/Higher educational qualifications. The Government of India had
taken decision on October 16, 1973 lo appoint such lectui·ers without B
reference to the Public Service C0n1mission provided they had put in 4
years of service as Assistant Lecturers and also possessed Post-Graduation
qualification. The Government of Maharashtra in acceptance of that
recommendation had also adopted the same resolution dated March .23,
1990.
c
The Government of India Resolution reads as under :

"A person already appointed and suitability (sic) of the candidate
Associate Lecturer or recruited hereinafter as such would be
eligible for being upgraded as Lecturer after four years of service D
as Associate Lecturer provided he fulfils the prescribed education-
al qualiFcations and he is adjudgeu by the Staff Selection Com-
mittee as fit to heltl the post of Lecturer."

The Government of Maharashtra Resolution dated March 23, 1990 in di- E
cates as under :

11
ln order to encourage research, in continuation of post-graduation
studies, candidates, \Vho, at the time of their recruitment as
Lecturers possess Master's and Doctoral degree in engineer-
ing/technology shall be granted 2 and 4 advance increments in F
Sciences and Humanities shall be granted 1 and 3 advance incre·
rnents respectively in the scale of Rs. 2200-4000 along with the
benefit of corresponding years of service for the purpose of promo-
tion. The existing Lecturers who do not possess these qualifica-
tions, or who migl\t be recruited in future without these G
qualifications will be eligible for a similar benefit in service for the
purpose of promotion as and when they acquire these qualifica-
tions, but they will not be eligible fo~ advance increments. Existing
Lecturers who possess these qualifications will also be eligible for
the benefit in service for the purpose of pron1otion. H
7'!6 SUPREME COURT REPORTS [1996] SUPP. 3 S.C.R.

A CAREER ADVANCEMENT:

(a) Every lecturer will be placed in a senior scale of Rs. 3000-5000
if he has:

completed 8 years of service after regular appointment with
B relaxation in service as provided in para 7(c) above:

Participated in two refresher courses or summer institute
each of approximately four weeks duration or in other com-
parable continuous education programmes approved by the
All India Council for Technical Education and
c
.Consistently satisfactory performance appraisal reports.

All Lecturers in the existing scale of Rs. 700- 1600 who have
completed 8 years of service on 1st January 1986, will be placed
through a process of screening/selection in the scale of Rs. 3000-
D
5000. The benefit of service provided in para 7(c) above, will be
available for the initial placement also.

(b) Every Lecturer in the Senior Scale will be placed in a Selection
Scale of Rs. 3700-5700 on completion of 8 years service in the
E Senior Scale with relaxation in service as provided in para 7(c)
above. Placement in the Selection Grade will be tbrough a process
of Selection by a Selection Committee set up by the appointing
authorities. Only those who have attended two refresher courses
or summer institutes or in other comparable continuing education
F after (sic) placement in the senior scale, and whose performance
has been assessed as consistently good, will be eligible for place-
ment in the Selection Grade.

(c) Existing lecturers, who have completed or will complete, a total
period of sixteen years of service on 1st January, 1986 or thereafter
G will be eligible for placement in the Selection Grade. They will also
be entitled to the relaxation in the year or service as provided in
para 7(c) above.

( d) For the purpose of placement of Lecturers in the Senior Scale
H and Selection Grade, the corresponding number of posts held by
STATE v. ENGG. COLLEGE TioACI IERS" ASSN. 797

them will be upgraded. The placement shall be through a process A
11
of screcning!selection.

ln furtherance thereof, it woulc.l appear that a con1rnittce of the
Secretaries had recommended for upgradation. When a. doubt had arisen,
the Desk Officer appears to have clarified that the candidates -.vho had put
B
in requisilc total service \VOtllJ be eligible for grant. or senior scale and
selection grade of pay. This was done by proceedings dated August 28,
1992. When the matter was brought to the notice of the Government for
higher education by proceedings dated June 23, 1994, it was clarified as
under :
c
''Taking into consideration all these facts, it is proposed to call for
a meeting of the screening sclcctjon comn1ittce, wherejn an issue
of granting revised pay-scales the teachers, who will be held eligible
by considering their regular service for counting it as experience
period, will be discussed. A proposal for the said meeting in D
respect of eligible teachers who have after taking into considera-
tion their regular service upto 1.l.1994 be submitted to Govern-
ment for the sanction. 11

In furtherance thereof, a resolution was passed on January 30, 1995 E
explaining the position as under :

"The revised pay scales recommended by the A.l.C.T.E. have been
sanctioned by Gmt. to the teachers in Govt. Aided and un-aided
Engineering Colleges w.e.f. 1..1.1986. As per G.R. under reference
as provided in para-8 of the said G.R. the services of the lecturers F
after regular appointment are to be counted as Experience for the
purpose of granting senior scales and selection grades prescribc<l
in the revised pay-scales. It is clarified in this context thal while
granting revised pay-scales lo the lecturers in Govt. Aided and
un-aided Engineering Colleges, only the services of lecturers who G
were appointed or promoted, after the recommendations of the
Selection or Promotion Committee respectively, approved by the
University are required to be considered as regular services \Vhile
counting experience in service. The service of lecturers as No?·
gazetted service (Class- Ill) and non-P.S.C. service, should not be H
798 SUPREME COURT REPORTS [1996] SUPP. 3 S.C.R.

A reckoned as an experience an<l accepted as it is lo\ver Divisions
Class-111 service or non-gazetted cat.Ire service. The pay-scales of
these posts being junior, the rc~ponsibilities attached to them arc
abo of a lo\ver level. Hence \vhile granting senior scales or Selec-
tion grade to lccts. lower level service period, \Viii not accepted as
B an experience. By order and in the na1ne of Go\'ernor of
tv1 aharashtra. 11

A reading of these resolutions and clarifications would clearly indi-
cate that due to decision taken by the Government, the Assistant Lecturers
Class-III became eligible to be regularised as Lecturers in Class-II and
c accordingly they were regularised. The question is : whether the period of
service put in as Assistant/Associate Lecturers would be counted as Lee-
t urcrs for the purpose of selection/selection grade scales '! It would appear
that since there arc no promotional avenues from the Lecturer cadre to
higher posts, the Government have evolved the policy of granting senior
D scales and selection grade scales to the Lecturers after required length of
service as qualification was put in by them for !itment in the senior scale
and selection grade scale of pay. Rules indicate that a Lecturer who has
put in 8 years of service will be eligible for senior scale and a Lecturer who
has rendered 8 years of service in the senior scale after putting in 16 years
. E of total service as a Lecturer, namely, 8 years as Lecturer and 8 years as
senior scale Lecturer, becomes eligible for selection grade. The question
arises : whether the respondent could be fitted into the senior scale of pay
or the Selection Grade ? It is not in dispute that they have spent more
number of years as Assistant lecturers. The Tribunal has given direction as
F uni:ler:

ln the result, therefore, the petitioners succeed. It is hereby
11

declared that while extending the facility as senior scale/selection
grade, the teaching experience gained by the petitioners from the
G date they acquired qualifications required for the post of lecturer
prior to 1.4.1979 by their continuous service either as Asst!. lec-
turer or as upgraded Lecturer even prior to the upgraded post,
shall he taken into consideration. With these directions, the peti-
tions stand disposed of along with Miscellaneous Applications for
the proposed amendment. In the circumstances, there shall be no
••
STATE v. ENGG. COLLEGE 1EACHERS' ASSN. 799

order as lo costs, it is further directed that the cases of the A
petitioners shall be processed in accordance with the above direc-
tions arnJ in accordance with l he latter dated 20.8.92 and the
decision thereon shall be taken in the matter of extending senior
scale or selection grade to the petitioner within six months from
the <late of this order. It is further made clear that the extension B
of senior scale/selection grade shall not have any effect upon the
placement of the petitioners in the seniority list of the lecturers
which shall be regulated, in the absence of any contrary rule either
in existence or that may be framed in future, on the basis of the
date of actual entry in the cadre of lecturer. In case of the present C
petitioners as already pointed put the date of entry in the cadre
of lecturer shall be 1.4.1979."

The Tribunal has proceeded on the premise that since they had put
in required length of service they became eligible for senior/selection grade D
scales. It would be clear that the Tribunal has not properly considered the
resolutions passed by the Government. The Government intended to grant
the senior scale and selection grade to the Lecturers who had put in
required number of service in the respective cadres as a qualification for
eligibility. As stated earlier, the Assistant/Associate Lecturers are in Class-
III whereas Lecturers are in Class-11. Therefore, the service rendered in E
Class-lll cannot be computed as service rendered in Class-II service.
Moreover, required experience of eight years as Lecturer and another eight
years as senior Lecturers is pre-condition for grant of senior scale and
selection grade scale. It is not in dispute that scales of pay of Assistant
Lecturers are entirely different from the scales of pay of Lecturers and F
senior scale lecturers. Therefore, the entire service as Assistant/Associate
Lecturers cannot be and could not be counted as Lecturers and senior
Lecturers for grant of respective scales. If the contention of respondents
merits acceptance, the respondents would be the Assistant/Associate Lec-
turers who had put in 16 years of service after securing post- graduation G
or doctorate without service as Lecturer. Consequently, a direct recruit
lecturer has to wait for 16 years to get into selection grade while Assis-
tant/Associate Lecturer would scale a march over the former. The conse-
quence would be startling. So, such service as Assistant/Associate lecturer
except four years for fitment as Lecturer cannot be counted towards the H
800 SlJl'Rl'ME COURT REPORTS j J9%J SUPP. 3 S.C.R.

A service rendered as a lt:cturcr/scnior scale J_ccturcr. It \Vould, therefore, he
obvious that any Lecturer to bccon1c eligible for fitn1ent in the senior scale
of pay has to put in S years 0f service as a lecturer after rcgularis£itioa and
thereafter after putting in 8 yc~1rs of service as Lecturer in the senior scale
of pay; then onJ:,· he gets into the selection grade scale. Under these
B circumstance,, the view of the Tribunal is wholly illegal.

The appeal is accordingly alkl\vcd. The Go\'crnmenl i~ directed to
place them appropriately, as indicated in the order. No costs.

T.N.A. App cal allowecl.

.