UNION OF INDIA & ORS.versusSOMASUNDRAM VISWANATH & ORS.

                        UNION OF INDIA & ORS.
A
                                      v.
                SOMASUNDRAM VISWANATH & ORS.

                           SEPTEMBER 22, 1988

B         )E.S. VENKATARAMIAH AND N.D. OJHA, JJ.)

           Civil Services: Government of India O.M. ·dated December 30,
    1976-'-Procedure for making promotions and functioning· of Depart-
    mental Promotion Committee-D.P.C.-One of the Members of
    Committee not present at the meeting of D.P.C.-Proceedings whether
    vitiated.
c
          Constitution of India 1950-Articles 73, 162 and 309 Civil
    Services-Recruitment and promotion-Norms-Can be laid down
    either by law of appropriate Legislature or by statutory service ru/es-
    Conflict between executive instructions and rules-Rules prevail.
D
         Somasundram Viswanath, Respondent No. l herein was working as an
  officer in the Defence Accounts Service. Promotions to Level I & Level II
  of the Senior Administrative Grade of the said Service were governed
  by the Indian Defence Accounts Service (Recruitment) Rules, 1958 (as
  amended from time to time) promulgated by the President of India
E under the proviso to Art. 309 of the Constitution of India. Under the
  Rules, recruitments by promotion to the senior administrative posts
  were to be made by Selection on merit on the recommendations of a
  duly constituted Departmental Promotion Committee. In accordance
  with the said Rules, when the case of the Respondent came within the
  Zone of •consideration for promotion to the cadre of Controller of
F Defence Accounts, the same was placed before the Departmental Promo-
  tion Committee, and the said Committee in order to make appropriate
  recommendations convened its meeting on 7.8.1986. At the said meet-
  ing one of its members i.e. the Secretary to the Ministry of Defence
  could not be present even though he was duly notified about the date
  and time of the meeting. In his absence the remaining members met and
G made the recommendation. The lst Respondent was graded 'good' and
  was not put in the Select panel.

        Aggrieved by the said decision Respondent tiled a Petition before
  the Central Administrative Tribunal, Jabalpur Bench, challenging the
  validity of the recommendations made by the Department Promotion ·
H Committee and prayed for an order directing the appellant-Union of
                                      146
                         U.0.l. v. SOMA SUNDRAM                          147

India-not to promote his junior§ to the higher grade. The principal
                                                                               A
contention raised by the Respondent before the Tribunal was that the
Dtpartmental Promotion Committee was not properly constituted, as
one of its members, was absent with the result the proceedings of its
meeting held on 7 .8.1986 stood vitiated and recommendation made by it
should not be acted upon. On the other hand the Dept!. contended that
the proceedings of the Committee were protected by the administrative          B
instructions issued by the Government of India with regard to the pro-
cedure to be followed by the D.P.C. In reply thereto the lst Respondent
pleaded that the administrative instructions issued by the Government
of India could not override the rules made under the proviso to Art. 309
of the Constitution and the same has to be ignored.

      On ·consideration of the rival contentions the Central Administra·       c
tive Tribunal came to the conclusion that the D.P.C. had not been
properly constituted at the meeting held on 7.8.1986 because of the
absence of the Secretary to the Govt. of India, Ministry of Defence
and therefore the proceedings of the said Committee were not valid.
The Tribunal accordingly set aside the recommendations made by the             D
Committee aud directed that a fresh D.P.C. may be convened for recon·
sidering the agenda which was before the Departmental Committee on
7.8.86.

      The Union of India being dissatisfied with the aforesaid order of
the Tribunal appealed by special leave, to this Court.                         E

      Disposing ofthe appeal, the Court,

      HELD: It is well settled that the norms regarding recruitment
and promotion of officers belonging to the Civil Services can be laid
down either by a law made by the appropriate Legislature or by rules           F
made under the proviso to Article 309 of the Constitution of India or by
means of executive instructions issued under Article 73 of the Constitu·
lion of India in the. case of Civil Services under the Union of India and
under Art. 162 of the Constitution of India in the case of Civil Services
under the State Governments. [l52B]
                                                                               G
      If there is a conflict between the executive instructions and the
rules made under the proviso to Article 309, the rules made under the
proviso to Article 309 prevail, and if there is a conflict between the rules
made under the proviso to Article 309 and the law made by the
appropriate Legislature the law made by the appropriate Legislature
prevails. ll52C I                                                              H
    148          SUPREME COURT REPORTS             [1988] Supp. 3 S.C.R.

        The Office Memorandum dated 30.12.1976, is in the nature of
A complete code with regard to the topics dealt with by it. Unless there is
  anything in the Rules made under the proviso to Article 309 which is
  repugnant to the instructions contained in the Office Memorandum,
   the Office Memorandum which is apparently issued under Article 73 of
  the Constitution Is entitled to be treated as valid and binding on all
B ,concerned. [I53B·Cl

        This Court does not agree with the decision of the Central
  Administrative Tribunal that in the instant case, the proceedings of the
  Departmental Promotion Committee on 7.8.1986 have been vitiated
  "solely on account of the reason that the Secretary, Ministry of
  Defence, one of its members was not present" at the meeting of
C the Committee. The proceedings of the Departmental Promotion
  Committee ·at its meeting held. on 7.8.1986 are not invalid on this
  account. [153E]

       The decision of the Tribunal set aside, and the case remitted to the
D Tribunal to dispose it of ilfresh. [153G J

          CIVIL APPELLATE JURISDICTION: Civil Appeal No. 3273
    of 1988.

        From the Judgment and Order dated 25.11.1987 of the Central
E   Adminstrative Tribunal, Jabalpur in Original Application No. 68 of
    1986.

            P. Parmeshwaran for the Appellants.

          G.L. Sanghi, Ashok Singh and S.K. Agnihotri for the Respon-
F   dents.

            The Judgment of the Court was delivered by

         VENKATARAMIAH. J. The short question which arises for
    consideration in this case is whether by reason of the absence of one of
G   the members of a Departmental Promotion Committee at a meeting
    convened for the _purpose of making recommendations regarding the
    promotion of officers to higher posts in the services under the Govern-
    ment of India the recommendations made by the Departmental
    Promotion Committee at the meeting would become invalid.

H           The 1st respondent, Somasundaram Viswanath, was one of the
                                  •:<·'\'       ;;:w
                                            !


           U.0.1. v. SOMA SUNDRAM [VENKATARAMIAH,· J.] ·         149

 officers of the Indian Defence Accounts Service who came within the A
 zone of consideration for promotion to the cadre of Controller of
 Defence Accounts. In order to make appropriate recommendations in
 that behalf the Departmental Promotion Committee convened its
 meeting on 7.8.1986. One of the members of the said Committee was
 the Secretary to the Government of India, Ministry of Defence. Even
though he had been informed about the date and time of the meeting, B
 he could not be present at the meeting and in his absence the remain-
ing members of the Committee made recommendations. The 1st
 respondent was graded as 'good' and was not empanelled. Aggrieved
by the decision of the Departmental Promotion Committee the 1st
 respondent filed a petition being Original Application No. 68 of 1986
 before the Central Administrative Tribunal, Jabalpur Bench question- . C
 ing the validity of the recommendations made by the Departmental
 Promotion Committee and praying for the issue of an order prohibit·
ing the appellants from promoting his juniors to the higher cadre. In
the course of his petition Respondent No. 1 raised many pleas, but it is
not necessary for us to refer to all of them for the purpose of deciding
the present case. One of the contentions urged by the 1st respondent, D
which requires to be considered is that the proceedings of the Depart-
mental Promotion Committee at its meeting held on 7.8.1986 stood
vitiated on account of the absence of the Secretary to the Government
of India, Ministry of Defence, who was one of the members of the
Committee. In reply to the above plea the appellants pleaded that the
Secretary to the Government of India, Ministry of Defence was not E
present in the meeting due to the fact that he had to attend Parliament
on that day and that the proceedings were protected by the departmen-
tal instructions issued by the Government of India with regard to the
procedure to. be followed by the Departmental Promotion Commit-
tees. In reply.thereto the 1st respondent pleaded that the administra-
tive instructions issued by the Government of India could not override F
the rules made under the proviso to Article 309 of the Constitution of
India and had, therefore, to be ignored. The Central Administrative
Tribunal, which heard the case, proceeded to set aside the recommen-
dations made by the Departmental Promotion Committee on the main
ground that the Committee had not been properly constituted at the
meeting held on 7.8.1986 because of the absence of the Secretary to G
the Government of India, Ministry of Defence and, therefore, the
proceedings of the Departmental Promotion Committee were not
valid. The Tribunal directed that ~ fresh Departmental Promotion
Committee may be convened for reconsidering the agenda which was
before the Deparmental Promotion Committee on 7 .8.1986.
Aggrieved by the decision of the Tribunal, the appellants have filed H
this appeal by Special Leave.
    150        SUPREME COURT REPORTS               (1988] Supp. 3 S.C.R.

          'i>romotions to the posts in Level-I and LeveHI of the Senior
A
   Administrative Grade of the Indian Defence Accounts Service are
   governed by the Indian Defence Accounts Service (Recruitment)
    Rules; 1958 (as amended from time to time) (hereinafter referred to as
    'the Rule~') promulgated under the proviso to Article 309 of the
    Constitution of India by the President of India. Under the Rules
B   recruitments   by promotion to the administrative posts in the Indian
  ·'befence Accounts Service have to be made by selection on merit with
    due regard to the seniority on the recommendation of a duly
    constituted Departmental Promotion Committee. In Appendix II to
    the Rules the composition of the Departmental Promotion Commit-
    tees for recommending eligible officers for promotion to the various
c grades     of the Service has been set out. The Departmental Promotion
    Committee for purposes of promotion to Level'! and Level-II of the
    Senior Administrative Grade should consist of (i) the Chairman/
    Member of the Union Public Service Commission as Chairman, (ii) the
    Secretary, Ministry of Defence, (iii) the Financial Adviser (Defence
    Services), 1t11d (iv) the Controller General of Defence Accounts as
D members. The Rules do not contain the details regarding the functions
    of the Departmental Promotion Committees, the procedure to be
    followed by them and the requisite quorum at the meetings of the
     Departmental Promotion Committees. These details had been laid
     down in a number of official memoranda issued by the Government
     of India from time to time in the forni of departmental instructions
E prior to 30th December, 1976. The Government of India, however,
     issued an Office Memorandum bearing No. 22011/6/76-Estt(D) on
     30.12.1976 consolidating all the prior administrative instructions
     governing the functioning of and the procedure to be followed by the
     Departmental Promotion Committees which were required to be con-
     stituted under the several rules of recruitment in force in the various
F departments of the Government of India. The preamble of the said
     Office Memorandum reads thus:

                               "OFFICE MEMORANDUM

               · Sub: Procedure for making promotions and functioning of
G                     the Departmental Promotion Committee.

                      The undersigned is directed to state that the Ministry
                of Home Affairs (now the Department of Personnel and
                Administrative Reforms) have in the past issued various
                Office Memoranda on the subject relating to the consti-
H               tution and functioning of the Departmental Promotion
                                                                   ~--




                                      0


           U.0.1. v. -SOMA SUNDRAM [VENKATARAMIAH. J.I                   151

            Committees and the procedure to be tollowed in making
            promotions. With a view to making such instructions,               A
            issued from time to time, handy and available at one place,
            it has now been decided to consolidate all these instruc-
            tions. Accordingly the following instructions are hereby
            issued on the subject for the guidance of all the Ministries/
            Departments in the Government ...... "                             B

      Paragraph VII of the said Office Memorandum, which deals with
"the validity of the proceedings of Departmental Promotion Commit-
tees when one member is absent", reads thus:

                  "The proceedings of the Departmental Promotion
            Committee shall be legally valid and can be operated upon          c
            notwithstanding the absence of any of its members other
            than the Chairman provided that the member was duly
            invited but he absented himself for one reason or the other
            and there was no deliberate attempt to exclude him from
            the deliberation of the DPC and provided further that the          D
            majority of the members constituting the Departmental
            Promotion Committee are present in the meeting."

      According to Paragraph VII of the Office Memorandum,
extracted above, it is clear that the absence of any of the members of a
Departmental Promotion Committee, other than the Chairman, would               E
not vitiate the proceedings of the Departmental Promotion Committee
provided that the member absent has been duly invited but he
absented himself for some reason and that there was no deliberate
attempt to exclude him from the deliberation of the Departmental
Promotion Committee and that the majority of the members constitu-
ting the Departmental Promotion Committee are present in the me.et-            F
ing. In the instant case the only person who was absent at the meeting
of the Departmental Promotion Committee was the Secretary to the
Government of India, Ministry of Defence who could not attend the
meeting because he had to be present in Parliament at the same time at
which the Departmental Promotion Committee had to meet. The
Chiarman of the Departmental Promotion Committee was present and               G
the Chairman and the other members who were present constituted
the majority of the Departmental Promotion Committee. It was urged
on behalf of the 1st respondent that the Office Memorandum dated
30.12.1976 which contained the various administrative instructions
regarding the procedure for making promotions and the functions of
the Departmental Promotion Committees being merely in the nature               H
   152         SUPREME COURT REPORTS               [1988] Supp. 3 S.C.R.

  of administrative instructions could not override the Rules which had
A been promulgated under the proviso to Article 309 of the Constitution
  of India.

          It is well settled that the norms regarding recruitment and pro-
   motion of officers belonging to the Civil Services can be laid down
B either by a la\j' made by the appropriate Legislature or by rules made
   under the proviso to Article 309 of the Constitution of India or by
   means of executive instructions issued under Article 73 of the Con-
   stitution of India in the case of Civil Services under the Union of India
   and under Article 162 of the Constitution of India in the case of Civil
   Services under the State Governments. If there is a conflict between
   the executive instructions and the rules made under the proviso to
C Article 309 of the Constitution of India, the rules made under proviso
   to Article 309 of the Constitution of India prevail, and if there is
   conflict between the rules made under the proviso to Article 309 of the
   Constitution of India and the law made by the appropriate Legislature
   the law made by the appropriate Legislature prevails. The question for
D consideration is whether in the instant case there is any conflict bet-
   ween the Rules and the Office Memorandum dated 30.12.1976, refer-
   red to above. We have already noticed that there are different rules
   framed under the proviso to Article 309 of the Constitution of India
   for making recruitments to services in the different departments and
    provisions have been made in them for the constitution of Departmen-
E ta! Promotion Committees for purposes of making recommendations
    with regard to promotions of officers from a lower cadre to a higher
    cadre. But these rules are to some extent skeletal in character. No
    provision has been made in any of them with regard to the procedure
    to be followed by the Departmental Promotion Committees and their
    various functions and also to the quorum of the Departmental Promo-
F tion Committees. These details which were necessary for the proper
    functioning of the Departmental Promotion Committees, as a matter
    of practice, were laid down prior to 30.12.1976 by the Government of
    India in the form of Office Memoranda issued from time to time and
    that on 30.12.1976 a consolidated Office Memorandum was issued
    containing instructions with regard to such details which were appli-
G cable to all Departmental Promotion Committees of the various
    Ministries/Departments in the Government of India. The said Office
    Memorandum deals with several topics, such as, functions of the
  . Departmental Promotion Committees, frequency at which Depart-
    mental Promotion Committees should meet, matters to be put up for
    consideration by the Departmental Promotion Committees, the proce-
H dure to be observed by the Departmental Promotion Committees, the
                                                                                  lV-,·




            U.0.1. v. SOMA SUNDRAM [VENKATARAMIAH. J.]                 153

 procedure to be followed in the case of an officer under suspension
                                                                              A
 whose conduct is under investigation or against whom disciplinary
 proceedings are initiated or about to be initiated, validity of the pro-
 ceedings of the Departmental Promotion Committees when a member
 is absent, the need for consultation with the Union Public Service
 Commission, the procedure to be followe"d when the appointing
authority does not agree with the recommendations of a Departmental           B
 Promotion Committee, implementation of the recommendations of
 the Departmental Promotion Committees, ad hoc promotions, period
of validity of panels etc. etc. The Office Memorandum dated
30. 12.1976, therefore, is in the nature of a complete code with regard
to the topics dealt with by it. Unless there is anything in ihe Rules
 made under the proviso to Article 309 of the Constitution of India,
 which is repugnant to the instructions contained in the Office               c
 Memorandum, the Office Memorandum which is apparently issued
 under Article 73 of the Constitution of India is entitled to be treated as
valid and binding on all concerned. In the instant case the Rules do not
contain any of these details except indicating who are all the persons
who constitute the Departmental Promotion Committee. We do not,               D
therefore, find any repugnancy between the Rules and the Office
Memorandum. In the circumstances we feel that the plea raised by the
 1st respondent in his additional affidavit dated 13th May, 1988 (Page
 132 of the Paper Book) that the Office Memorandum is ineffective
cannot be upheld. We do not agree with the decision of the Central
Administrative Tribunal that in the instant case the proceedings of the       E
Departmental Promotion Committee on 7.8.1986 have been vitiated
"solely on account of this reason viz., that Secretary, Ministry of
Defence, one of its members was not present". We hold that the
proceedings, of the Departmental Promotion Committee at its meet-
ing held on 7 .8.1986 are not invalid for the above reason.
                                                                          F
      We, therefore, reverse the aforesaid part oUhe decision of the
Tribunal. The Tribunal has no doubt in the course of its order referred
to certain other matters, but we feel that it proceeded to dispose of the
case mainly on ihe ground that the proceedings of the Departmental
Promotion Committee dated 7 .8.1986 were vitiated on account of the
absence of the Secretary to the Government of India, Ministry of G
Defence at that meeting. We notice that adequate attention has not
been given to the other aspects of the case and ,according to us those
aspects require fresh consideration at the hands of the Tribunal. We,
therefore, set aside the decision of the Tribunal against which this
appeal is filed and remand the case to it to dispose it of afresh in the
light of the above observations. The Tribunal is requested to decide H
    154        SUPREME COURT REPORTS               [1988) Supp. 3 S.C.R.
A
    the case within three months from the date of receipt of a copy of this
    order.

         The appeal is accordingly disposed of. There shall, however, be
    no order as to costs.

    Y. Lal                                           . Appeal disposed of.




    /