Created by Fuzzy Cloud | Our 2nd AI-Powered Solution
294 judgments · newest first · showing 201–294
The Supreme Court was approached to resolve disputes arising from the Karnataka amendment that restricted admissions to private professional colleges to Karnataka students only, and to address grievances about the fee gap between free and payment seats, the NRI quota, and the applicability of the …
Gujarat Bottling Co. Ltd (GBC) entered into a 1993 licence agreement with Coca Cola to bottle and distribute beverages under several trade marks, which included a negative covenant prohibiting GBC from dealing in competing products during the agreement's term. A subsequent 1994 agreement, intended …
The Supreme Court examined whether land and buildings owned by the International Airport Authority of India (IAAI), leased to the Indian Tourism Development Corporation (ITDC) for a hotel, were exempt from municipal property tax under Article 285(1) of the Constitution. The Court held that the IAAI …
The tenant, Anna Bhau Magdum (deceased), leased agricultural land that was gifted to a minor landlord, Babasaheb Desai, in 1953. Under the Bombay Tenancy and Agricultural Lands Act, 1948, tenants were deemed to purchase land on "tiller's day" (1 April 1957) unless the landlord was a minor, widow, or …
The Union of India appealed against several Central Administrative Tribunal orders that had granted draughtsmen employed in Ordinance Factories and Army Base Workshops the benefit of revised pay scales under the Office Memorandum of 13 March 1984, which extended the Central Public Works Department …
The appellant, a promotee, was appointed Controller in 1972 and later Deputy Director, while respondent No.2 was a direct recruit appointed Controller in 1974 and subsequently promoted to Joint Director. The dispute centered on whether the appellant's promotion to Controller fell within the quota of …
The case arose from a lease of land in Madurai on which a theatre was built. After a compromise decree in 1955, the defendants failed to remove the superstructure and the appellants sought execution. The defendants filed applications under the Madras City Tenants' Protection Act, 1921 for …
Contromix Pvt. Ltd. (Respondent No.1) obtained a term loan of Rs 38 lakhs and a soft loan of Rs 6.8 lakhs from SIPCOT, a State Financial Corporation, and executed a mortgage. The company repeatedly defaulted despite several reschedulings, leading SIPCOT to foreclose, take possession of the mortgaged …
The Kerala Government established two self‑financing engineering colleges run by societies fully controlled by the State. The scheme fixed 75% open‑merit seats, 10% reserved for SC/ST at half fees, and 15% NRI quota, with a Rs.1 lakh refundable deposit (exempt for SC/ST) and a $5,000 non‑refundable …
The U.P. State Sugar Corporation Ltd., a government‑owned company, sought to sell eight loss‑making sugar units. Its net‑worth had fallen by more than 50%, making it a potentially sick industrial company under the Sick Industrial Companies (Special Provisions) Act, 1985. The corporation sent a …
Vinod Kumar Sangal, a Junior Technical Assistant in the Geological Survey of India, was promoted to Senior Technical Assistant in 1978 but declined the posting, later receiving an ad‑hoc promotion in 1980. When the Departmental Promotion Committee (DPC) finally met in 1985, it selected six officers …
The Union of India and the Director General of the Border Security Force sought to retire S.S. Ranade, a Commandant (Selection Grade), upon attaining 55 years of age. Ranade contended that his post was a higher rank than a regular Commandant under Rule 9 of the Border Security Force (Seniority, …
The appellants, senior officers of the Intelligence Bureau, were dismissed under clause (c) of the second proviso to Article 311(2) of the Constitution on the President’s satisfaction that an inquiry was not expedient in the interest of State security. They challenged the dismissal, arguing that the …
The respondent, the original inamdar of a minor inam, sued his tenant (the appellant) for possession of the land. While the suit was pending, the Assistant Settlement Officer, under the Madras Minor Inams (Abolition and Conversion into Ryotwari) Act, 1963, granted a joint ryotwari patta: a …
M/s Kajaria Exports Ltd. and others imported 5,000 metric tonnes of white cement and sought clearance under the Open General Licence provision of Appendix 6 List 8 Part III Item 33 of the 1984-85 Import and Export Policy. The authorities denied clearance, issuing a show‑cause notice that white …
The appellants, former forest officers, were appointed to temporary Officer on Special Duty (O.S.D.) posts in the State Forest Service after senior posts in the Indian Forest Service were abolished. They served in these O.S.D. posts from 1977 to 1985 and were later appointed to the Indian Forest …
Sumati Dayal, a dealer in art, claimed that large sums received in 1971‑72 and 1972‑73 were race winnings (Rs 3,11,831 and Rs 93,500). The Income‑Tax Officer treated the amounts as income from undisclosed sources under Section 68 of the Income‑Tax Act, 1961. The Settlement Commission, by majority, …
The Supreme Court examined whether the term "jewellery" in Section 5(1)(viii) of the Wealth Tax Act, 1957, as it stood before the 1971 amendment and the addition of Explanation 1, covered gold ornaments that did not contain precious or semi‑precious stones. The High Court had held that such …
The petitioner was detained under the Gujarat Prevention of Anti-Social Activities Act, 1985 on the basis of several isolated incidents, including a 1993 shooting, alleged harbouring of an offender, assaults on a businessman and a witness, and possession of an unlicensed revolver. He challenged the …
The case concerned applications under Section 28‑A of the Land Acquisition Act, 1894 (as amended in 1984) for re‑determination of compensation for land acquired for the Beas Dam project. The petitioners argued that the three‑month limitation for filing such applications should be measured from the …
The appellant, a Scheduled Tribe (ST) officer in Central Water Engineering, was eligible for promotion to Deputy Director/Executive Engineer and was placed at No. 26 in a combined select list prepared by the Departmental Promotion Committee. Only 22 promotion vacancies materialised, and the first 22 …
A money decree against the respondent led to the auction sale of his property, which was purchased by the appellant. The sale certificate described the property by its boundaries and termed it a "terraced house". The respondent later claimed that only the terraced building, not the adjoining …
The Union of India appointed approximately 932 temporary class C and D staff for the 1981 census and later re‑engaged many of them on fixed‑term contracts for the 1991 census. After each census the temporary posts were abolished and the employees were retrenched, leading them to file writ petitions …
The Supreme Court considered an appeal by the Union of India against a Central Administrative Tribunal order granting Special Duty Allowance to members of the Executive Officers Association, a Group C customs and excise inspectors’ union from Shillong. The respondents claimed the allowance under an …
The appellant, a government revenue claimant, had the deceased's agricultural land attached and auctioned. The respondent, the highest bidder, was directed to deposit 25% of the bid immediately and the balance within 15 days. He tendered the 25% by cheque on the day of the sale, which was encashed …
The Director General of the Council of Scientific & Industrial Research appealed against a Central Administrative Tribunal order that counted Dr. K. Narayanaswami's service as a Pool Officer (1965‑1969) towards his pension. The Supreme Court examined the Central Civil Services (Pensionary) Rules, …
The Delhi Development Authority (DDA) offered land to cooperative housing societies at a price of Rs 975/950 per sq m and required a Rs 5 lakh earnest money deposit. Before possession, DDA raised the premium to Rs 1,650.65 per sq m, which the High Court upheld as reasonable. The societies failed to …
The Hyderabad Telecom District was merged with the Andhra Pradesh Telecom Circle in 1986, and a common seniority list was issued for all officials. The Chief General Manager rotated Junior Telecom Officers, transferring the respondents from Hyderabad to the Telangana District. The Central …
The Government of India issued an Office Memorandum on 14‑December‑1983 to attract officers from outside the North‑Eastern (NE) region by offering a fixed tenure of posting and, after its completion, a choice of posting. R.C. Bhattacharjee, a civilian employee who had been appointed and served …
The Uttar Pradesh State Tourism Development Corporation (UTTDC) governed appointments to its posts by Rule 19 of its 1981 Rules, which stipulates that Class I posts may be filled only by selection or deputation. Respondent No.1, I.B. Misra, a Manager Grade‑I, filed a writ petition seeking a …
Dr. Bal Krishna Agarwal, appointed as Professor by direct recruitment on 9 November 1984, challenged the Executive Council of Allahabad University’s decision that placed him junior to two colleagues promoted under the Personal Promotion Scheme. The High Court dismissed his writ on the ground that an …
The State Bank of Bikaner and Jaipur had advanced cash credit to National Iron and Steel Rolling Corporation, which secured the loan by mortgaging its factory and pledging plant and machinery. When the bank sued for repayment, the mortgaged property was auctioned and the Commercial Tax Officer …
The State of Orissa decided to open 24‑hour medical stores within hospital campuses to ensure patients could obtain medicines at any time. The Superintendent of the Sub‑Divisional Hospital, Patnagarh, advertised for applications, prompting nearby private medical store owners to file a writ petition …
A.E. Rani filed a complaint under IPC s.395 and the Dowry Act alleging that relatives forcibly took movable articles belonging to her and her deceased husband. The police report concluded no offence, prompting Rani to file a fresh complaint under s.173, s.156(3) and s.190 CrPC. The Metropolitan …
The Madhya Pradesh Hastashilp Vikas Nigam Ltd., a government company, appointed five individuals as temporary Junior Managers in July 1989, contrary to a State Government order dated 1‑April‑1989 that required prior approval for such appointments. The appointments were later terminated on …
The Department of Telecommunications invited tenders for printing telephone directories in Hyderabad. New Horizons Ltd. (NHL), a joint venture of Indian firms and a Singaporean company, submitted a tender offering a substantially higher royalty but was rejected on the ground that it lacked …
Orient Paper Mills bought bamboos from the State Forest Department at depots located within the market area of the Krishi Upaj Mandi Samiti (the appellant). The Samiti levied market fees on the purchase under Section 19 of the Madhya Pradesh Krishi Upaj Mandi Adhiniyam, 1973. The mill challenged the …
The Uttar Pradesh Awas Evam Vikas Parishad (the Board), a statutory body acquiring land for a housing scheme, was not impleaded in the compensation proceedings before the tribunal and the High Court. The land owners challenged the compensation awarded, leading to enhanced awards by the High Court, …
The appellant, Bhanwar Lal, obtained a final ejectment decree against Ram Kishan and sought possession of the property. When Satyanarain, a third‑party not a judgment‑debtor, obstructed delivery, the appellant filed an application under Order 21 Rule 35(3) for police assistance. The executing court …
The appellant Kondiba and the plaintiff Krishna, brothers belonging to a Hindu joint family, filed a suit for partition of several properties. The trial court limited the decree to two items, while the appellate court ordered partition of all suit properties subject to the appellant contributing …
Raja Bai executed a registered gift deed on 20 June 1957 in favour of Suresh Chandra, retaining possession and enjoyment of the property for her lifetime. She later executed a registered will on 27 December 1965 bequeathing the same property to the appellant. After her death in May 1966, the …
Bharat Coking Coal Ltd (appellant), a government-owned company, sold hard coke to Steel Abrasers & Allied Products Ltd (respondent) for foundry use. The Central Government, under the Colliery Control Order, 1945, issued a 1991 notification fixing prices for coke but allowing additional charges for …
The appellant and respondent both applied for a stage‑carriage permit. The Regional Transport Authority (RTA) awarded marks based on the date of application, granting the permit to the appellant. The respondent appealed, and the State Transport Appellate Tribunal (STAT) set aside the RTA’s order, …
The plaintiffs, brothers, partitioned ancestral property by a deed dated 4 December 1952 and thereafter possessed their respective shares. The second plaintiff orally gifted one portion of his share to the first plaintiff. On 6 January 1968 the defendants trespassed, prompting the plaintiffs to file …
Twenty‑eight lecturers of Haryana Agricultural University were selected in 1978 to pursue Ph.D. studies as in‑service candidates under a leave of kind. Due to a financial stringency, the university prohibited in‑service candidates from receiving full salary and allowances during the study period, …
The appellant, a Preventive Officer Grade‑II, was penalised with a one‑year reduction in pay scale with cumulative effect and later promoted to Grade‑I effective 9 August 1974. He claimed seniority from the date he became eligible for fitment in Grade‑I, arguing that his junior was promoted on 29 …
The case concerned the merger of teachers from the Municipal Corporation of Delhi into the Delhi Administration in 1970, creating an Administration Cadre and a Special (diminishing) Cadre. Disputes arose over how promotion ratios and seniority should be calculated between the two cadres, especially …
The parties to a family arbitration agreement divided joint family property among six branches, with a retired district judge acting as arbitrator. After the award was registered, objections were filed, and later amended to include new allegations of arbitrator misconduct. The High Court set aside …
Ahmed Begum, the owner of Dharampur Lodge, leased the entire premises to S. Sardul Singh Caveeshar, who was authorized to sub‑let. The appellant, Manphul Singh Sharma, and other sub‑tenants claimed to be lawful sub‑tenants and sought protection under Section 20 of the Delhi & Ajmer Rent Control Act, …
The petitioners, class‑IV employees designated as Storm Water Drains (SWD) Beldars and Mates of the New Delhi Municipal Committee (NDMC), sought the pay‑scales recommended by the Shiv Shankar Committee (SS Committee) which had already been granted to other class‑IV staff of the NDMC. The NDMC had …
The petitioner, a publisher of Marxist literature, imported books containing the writings of Mao, Marx, Engels and Lenin in 1978. Customs seized the books and, after issuing multiple show‑cause notices, ordered their confiscation under Section 111(d) of the Customs Act, 1962, invoking Notification …
The Kerala Government issued two notifications under Section 4 of the Kerala Marine Fishing Regulation Act, 1980, restricting bottom‑trawling by mechanised boats during the monsoon period and prescribing technical specifications for vessels allowed to fish beyond territorial waters. Mechanised boat …
The Haryana Subordinate Selection Board conducted a written test and interview for 96 Taxation Inspector posts in 1988‑89, but the process was riddled with fabricated interview sheets, fake roll numbers, forgery, ministerial interference and the destruction of original records. Unsuccessful …
The appellant filed an FIR alleging offences under Sections 406 and 498-A IPC against her husband, his parents and other relatives. The police investigated, filed a charge sheet and the magistrate took cognizance, framed charges under Sections 239 and 240 of the CrPC and fixed a date for recording …
The Supreme Court examined whether the tax authorities could choose to assess tax on either the trustees or the beneficiaries of a discretionary trust when the trust's income was distributed and actually received by the beneficiaries during the accounting year. The respondent, a beneficiary of six …
Shri M.A. Wahab joined the National Airport Authority in 1957 with his date of birth recorded as 1 January 1934. After passing his matriculation in 1962, a certificate indicated his birth as 1 March 1939, and in 1990 he applied to have his service record corrected. The Authority refused and the …
The petitioners, a coalition of cooperative societies running fair‑price ration shops and occupants of residential premises, challenged a State Government notice to vacate premises that had been requisitioned under the Bombay Land Requisition Act, 1948 more than four decades earlier. They argued …
In 1954, Shri M.P. Shah donated Rs.15 lakh to the Government of Saurashtra for establishing a medical college, with the condition that he or his nominee could nominate 10% of the seats for admission. The Government of Gujarat later decided to discontinue the donor's 12-seat quota, invoking the …
The former Chief Minister of Sikkim challenged a 1987 notification that withdrew the State's consent, given under section 6 of the Delhi Special Police Establishment Act, 1946, for CBI investigations into alleged corruption. The petition raised whether a State could revoke such consent, whether …
This landmark judgment concerns the scope of Article 356 of the Constitution of India, which empowers the President to impose President's Rule in states upon failure of constitutional machinery. The case consolidated challenges to proclamations dissolving legislative assemblies in Karnataka, …
The State of Bihar issued a prospectus for the 1992 Post‑Graduate Medical Admission Test reserving 50% of seats for socially and educationally backward classes, Scheduled Castes, Scheduled Tribes and women. The appellants challenged this reservation before the Patna High Court, which dismissed their …
The Supreme Court examined the validity and mandatory nature of Rule 1‑D of the Wealth Tax Rules, which prescribes a break‑up formula for valuing unquoted equity shares of companies (excluding investment and managing‑agency companies). It held that the rule is a perfectly valid piece of delegated …
The appellant contested the 1992 Moga Assembly election, losing by seven votes, and filed an election petition alleging that 22 bogus votes were cast for the winning respondent by impersonating dead electors. The petition sought production of the ballot paper account and the marked copies of …
R.M. Investment & Trading Co. (RMI) entered into a consultancy agreement with Boeing to promote sales of aircraft in India and later claimed a commission of US$17.5 million after Boeing sold two aircraft to Air India. The agreement contained an arbitration clause, and Boeing invoked Section 3 of the …
The Board of School Education, Haryana, under Regulation 26 of its 1990 Examination Regulations, allowed a 1% grace‑mark concession to help candidates pass but barred its use for earning compartment. After earlier High Court rulings (Anil Kumar) directing the Board to grant grace marks for …
The case concerned disqualification of members of the Goa Legislative Assembly under Article 191(2) read with the Tenth Schedule. Bandekar and Chopdekar were disqualified for allegedly having voluntarily given up their MGP membership, while Naik was disqualified on similar grounds after claiming a …
The workmen of Kettlewell Bullen & Co. claimed a customary bonus for the years 1974‑1977, arguing that the company had been paying a bonus since 1959, at a uniform rate of 10.5% of salary from 1965‑1973, before the Puja festival and irrespective of profits. The Industrial Tribunal held that this …
The Punjab & Haryana High Court Bar Association filed a public‑interest writ petition seeking a judicial enquiry into the abduction and alleged murder of Advocate Kulwant Singh, his wife and child, which had triggered a prolonged strike by lawyers. The High Court admitted the petition but a …
The State of Punjab appealed against a Punjab High Court order that admitted Renuka Singla to a vacant B.D.S. seat on "compassionate ground" and created an additional seat for Savita Gera, both claiming reservation for backward areas. Renuka had not claimed reservation in her original application …
The Committee of Management of Pachaiyappa's Trust (the appellant) challenged a lease of a 5.65‑ground plot vested in the Official Trustee of Madras that had been granted to a partnership (respondent No.2) for a 30‑year term. The High Court, exercising its supervisory jurisdiction under Section 25 …
The petitioners, holders of National Trade Certificates (NTC), claimed that the State of Rajasthan's recognition of NTC as equivalent to the Basic School Training Certificate (BSTC) entitled them to appointment as primary school teachers in Panchayat Samiti schools. The High Court had allowed this …
The Bihar Government requisitioned the State Public Service Commission to fill vacant Unani Medical Officer posts and, in the absence of specific rules, directed that selection be made solely on interview. The Commission, following its long‑standing practice, allocated 50% of the total marks to …
Ms. Vineeta Mahajan appeared for a CBSE Class XII examination and was found by the invigilator in possession of three small pieces of paper in her pencil box. She claimed the papers were not used and that she had arrived late and forgotten to remove them. The CBSE Result Committee, invoking Rule …
The case concerned the appointment of the Director, Higher Education in Orissa under the Education Service Rules. The 1990 rules required three years' service as Principal (Grade‑I) and allowed relaxation if insufficient candidates were available. The 1992 amendment introduced a non‑obstante …
The Supreme Court was asked to resolve the impasse over admission and fee structures in private professional colleges after the Government of India had permitted admission of foreign students up to 50% of seats. The Court held that, in view of the J.P. Unnikrishnan judgment, such permission could …
The appellants were appointed Assistant Engineers Class II of the Haryana State Electricity Board after completing an apprenticeship, with a notional seniority date of 1 January 1969, while the respondents were appointed between October and December 1968. The appellants contended that, because they …
The Karnataka Government amended its Public Works Engineering Department Service (Recruitment) Rules in 1985, backdating them to 1 January 1976 to allow Junior Engineers who obtained a degree to be transferred to the Assistant Engineer cadre with retrospective seniority and a one‑third service …
The respondents, senior officers of the Delhi, Andaman & Nicobar Islands Civil Service, claimed that they should be deemed to have been appointed to the newly created Junior Administrative Grade (JAG) with effect from 1 January 1986, based on a 1987 memorandum and the 1988 amendment to the Service …
The Supreme Court examined a batch of writ petitions challenging the applicability of the admission scheme laid down in J.P. Unnikrishnan v. State of Andhra Pradesh to minority educational institutions (MEIs). Petitioners, claiming minority status, argued that the 50% government‑filled and 50% …
The petitioners were employees of the Calcutta Municipal Corporation who retired before 1 April 1977 and received only provident fund benefits, as no pension scheme existed then. In 1982 the Corporation framed the Death‑cum‑Retirement Benefit Regulations, which introduced a pension scheme effective …
The Union of India introduced an apprenticeship scheme for supervisory posts in ordinance factories, allowing successful apprentices to be appointed as Supervisor Grade ‘A’ or Chargeman Grade‑II based on examination results. In 1965 the Director General permitted certain Supervisors Grade ‘A’ who …
Approximately 800 railway employees were dismissed under Rule 14(2) of the Railway Service (Discipline and Appeal) Rules for taking part in a Loco Staff strike in January 1981. The disciplinary authority claimed that holding a departmental inquiry was not reasonably practicable, but no material was …
The Supreme Court examined the seniority of several non‑State Civil Service officers appointed to the Indian Administrative Service by selection. The officers claimed earlier "year of allotment" based on their prior service, challenging the Government's reliance on the proviso to Rule 3(3)(c) of the …
The assessee firm claimed a cash loan of Rs 50,000 from a Calcutta company and claimed interest deductions for several years. The Income‑Tax Officer (ITO) in Azamgarh, after receiving a specific letter from the ITO in Calcutta stating that the Calcutta company was merely a name‑lender and had not …
The State of Gujarat had trifurcated its Electrical Engineering Branch into Junior Engineers and Supervisors and, by a 1975 resolution, introduced a quota rule fixing a 2:1 ratio for promotion to Deputy Engineer posts. The Gujarat High Court struck down this ratio as unjustified and issued a …
The petitions filed by Sikkimese of Nepali origin challenged the reservation of twelve seats for Bhutia‑Lepcha and one seat for the Buddhist Sangha in the Sikkim Legislative Assembly, arguing that these provisions violated Articles 14, 15(1), 325, 332(3) and the basic structure of the Constitution. …
The petitioners, U.P. Basic Shiksha Parishad, challenged the seniority of a group of teachers who had been appointed as untrained temporary Assistant Teachers between 1959 and 1966 and later obtained training certificates. The teachers argued that their seniority should be counted from the date of …
The Union Government sent a requisition to the UPSC to fill a vacancy of Assistant Director General (Prevention of Food Adulteration) by direct recruitment. Before the UPSC could advertise, the Government informed it that it was considering amending the rules to allow promotion from Assistant …
The Supreme Court entertained a writ petition under Article 32 after a letter complained of bonded labour in stone quarries of Faridabad, Haryana. It appointed commissioners and investigators to examine the working conditions and the implementation of the Bonded Labour System (Abolition) Act, 1976 …
Mangalore Chemicals & Fertilisers Ltd sought to adjust cash refunds of sales tax on raw materials against its tax liability under the Karnataka Sales Tax Act, 1957, based on a 1969 government notification granting such refunds to new industries. A later 1975 notification required the dealer to …
Texmaco Ltd. manufactured wagon bodies for the Railways and mounted them on wheel sets supplied free of charge by the Railways. Its invoices reflected only the price of the wagon bodies, excluding the wheel sets, and excise duty was paid on this invoice value. The Revenue demanded duty on the wheel …
The Supreme Court heard a writ petition filed by the Sub‑Committee on Judicial Accountability seeking directions concerning an inquiry into alleged misconduct of a sitting Supreme Court judge for his conduct as former Chief Justice of a High Court. The petition questioned the validity of the Lok …
The Union of India, as the revenue authority, demanded advance tax from the U.P. State Ware Housing Corporation for the assessment year 1974-75, contending that the corporation's rental income from its godowns and warehouses was not exempt under Section 10(29) of the Income Tax Act, 1961. The …
The case concerned whether Modi Spinning and Weaving Mills Ltd. was entitled to an allowance of development rebate on plant and machinery installed after 1 January 1958, by complying with proviso (b) to section 10(2)(vib) of the Income‑Tax Act, 1922. The Allahabad High Court had held in favour of …
