Supreme Court (Enlargement of Criminal Appellate Jurisdiction) Act, 1970

Four persons, including the appellant Banwar Lal, were tried for the murder of Gyanchand under Sections 302 and 34 of the Indian Penal Code. The Sessions Judge acquitted three accused and convicted only Kanahiya Lal, but the Rajasthan High Court set aside the acquittal of Banwar Lal, relying on the testimony of an inde…

The Supreme Court examined the murder trial of Ranbir Singh and three co‑accused, where the trial court convicted Ranbir Singh under Section 302 IPC and acquitted the others, but the High Court reversed the acquittals. The Court held that an omission in a statement under Section 161 CrPC can constitute a material contr…

The case involved an alleged assault and murder of the father and nephew of PW‑1 (Kaldhari) by three accused (A‑1, A‑2, A‑3) using knives and spears. The prosecution’s case rested solely on the testimony of PW‑1 and two other eyewitnesses (PW‑2, PW‑3), who claimed to have identified the accused with the aid of a lanter…

The incident involved the assault and death of Vidya Ram on 20 December 1981, allegedly by the appellants wielding a lathi and bharcha. The sole eye‑witness, a minor named Mangal Singh, claimed he saw the assault from a mound, but his testimony contained material contradictions, including differing accounts of how he r…

Ten persons, including eight appellants, were tried for murder (Sec. 302 read with Sec. 149 IPC) and other offences arising from an assault on the deceased Halke. The High Court convicted them of murder and sentenced them to life imprisonment, along with convictions under Sec. 323 and Sec. 325 IPC for causing hurt. On …

Chandra Mohan Tiwari and Ram Pal Singh Sengar were convicted of murder after the Madhya Pradesh High Court set aside a trial court acquittal. They appealed to the Supreme Court under Section 379 of the CrPC and Section 2(a) of the Supreme Court (Enlargement of Criminal Appellate Jurisdiction) Act, 1970, challenging the…

The appellants were convicted of murder for a shooting that occurred on an open terrace on a moonless night, where the victims and neighbours identified them as the assailants. The defence argued that darkness made identification impossible and that there was no discernible motive. The Supreme Court held that despite l…

The deceased Ramesh was killed during an altercation with members of the Chalawadi family over a disputed marriage. The trial court convicted two of the six accused for assault, while the High Court later convicted four under Section 302 read with Section 34 IPC for murder. On appeal, the Supreme Court examined the eye…

The appellant, Samghaji Hariba Patil, was charged under IPC sections 302, 307, 504 r/w 34 for the murder of Murugappa during a land‑related quarrel. The trial court acquitted him, finding that the prosecution had not proved his motive, that the alleged weapon (a hammer) was not typical for agricultural use, and that wi…

Krishna Kumari, a well‑educated teacher, was found burnt in the kitchen of her matrimonial home about two months after her marriage. The prosecution alleged that her father‑in‑law, husband, sister of the husband and sister‑in‑law killed her over dowry demands, relying on motive, alleged extra‑judicial confessions, thei…

The case involved a dowry‑related death of Meerabai, whose husband (appellant A‑1) and father‑in‑law (appellant A‑2, Sukhram) were initially convicted by the trial court of offences under Sections 304‑B and 498‑A IPC. The High Court set aside those convictions but convicted both of them for murder under Section 302 IPC…

The appellant Siju Kurian was convicted by the Karnataka High Court for murder, concealment of body, theft and cheating. The conviction rested on circumstantial evidence, the post‑mortem report establishing homicide, witnesses who saw the accused with the deceased, and a voluntary statement made by the accused that led…

The appellants were convicted of murder under sections 302 and 149 of the IPC based primarily on a dying declaration made by the victim Antarjami to a doctor. The trial court had acquitted them, rejecting the dying declaration as unreliable and finding the eye‑witnesses unreliable. The High Court reversed the acquittal…

Sandeep alias Kala was acquitted of murder in the trial court, but the High Court reversed the acquittal and sentenced him to life imprisonment. He appealed to the Supreme Court under Section 2(a) of the Supreme Court (Enlargement of Criminal Appellate Jurisdiction) Act, 1970 and Section 379 of the CrPC, and the appeal…

The case involved a double murder where the deceased Irappa and his brother Kenchappa were killed after confronting Sangappa (A‑1) over an earlier assault on their son. The trial court acquitted all seven accused, but the Karnataka High Court convicted three of them (A‑1, A‑2, A‑4) under section 302 IPC read with secti…

The appellants Ramji Surjya Padvi and Bhikji Surjya Padvi were charged under sections 302 and 34 of the IPC for the murder of Prabhat Singh. The trial court acquitted them, finding the sole eye‑witness, the victim's wife (PW‑2), unreliable due to contradictions, lack of corroboration, a 24‑hour delay in filing the FIR,…

The appellants, eight brothers and relatives, disputed a strip of land owned by the deceased and, on 17 August 1982, armed themselves with axes and sticks, attacked the deceased and others, causing the deaths of two victims. The trial court convicted them under Sections 302, 324, 325 read with Section 149 IPC, but the …

Mahesh was accused of murdering his former lover Sunita and injuring her husband Sanjay and mother‑in‑law Nirmalabai. The trial court acquitted him, disbelieving the testimony of several relatives who were eye‑witnesses, on the ground that they were interested and lacked independent corroboration. The State appealed un…

The appellants Hemraj, Gian Chand and Baldev Raj were acquitted by the trial court of murder (Sec. 302 IPC) read with Sec. 34 IPC, but the Punjab and Haryana High Court reversed the acquittal and convicted them. They appealed to the Supreme Court under Sec. 379 CrPC and Sec. 2(a) of the Supreme Court (Enlargement of Cr…

The appellant A. Shankar was charged under IPC sections 302, 307 and 324 for the murder of Murthy Prasad and the attempted murder of Shankara, the victim's brother. The trial court acquitted him, finding that the prosecution had not proved guilt beyond reasonable doubt, particularly due to contradictions in the eye‑wit…

Ajit Singh, his son Balwant Singh and another son Mohan Singh were tried for the murder of Manilal and injuries to his brothers. The trial court acquitted them, finding the prosecution evidence unreliable and giving them the benefit of doubt. The State filed an appeal after the limitation period had expired; the Gujara…

The case arose from the 1984 anti‑Sikh riots that followed the assassination of Prime Minister Indira Gandhi, where a mob led by the appellants attacked two houses, burnt alive the husband and father‑in‑law of the complainant and looted property. The trial court acquitted the appellants, but the Delhi High Court convic…

The case involved a politically motivated murder of Nalluri Thirupathaiah in the office of a revenue officer on 26 February 1988. Seven appellants were alleged to have formed an unlawful assembly, entered the office armed, and killed the deceased with axes and knives. The trial court acquitted them, relying on the alle…

The appellants were charged with murder under IPC sections 302 and 149. The trial court acquitted them, rejecting the testimony of five eyewitnesses and finding the identification parades perfunctory. The High Court reversed the acquittal, relying on the two eye‑witnesses and the identification parades, and convicted t…

The Supreme Court examined the death of Asha Devi, who was found dead in a well after 15 months of marriage to Amar Singh. Medical evidence showed two distinct head injuries inconsistent with a fall, indicating she was beaten before being dumped in the well. Witnesses, including the deceased's father, brother, and moth…

The appellant, a co-accused in a murder case, was acquitted by the trial court on the ground that the prosecution failed to prove that the deceased was last seen in his company. The High Court reversed this acquittal and convicted the appellant under Sections 302 and 201 of the IPC, relying on a disputed 'last seen' th…

The case arose from a triple murder and injury incident in Jind, Haryana, where six accused were tried. The trial court convicted only A‑2 under IPC s.302 and the Arms Act, acquitting the other five appellants. The High Court reversed the acquittals, convicting the five under s.148 and s.302 r.w. s.149 IPC. On appeal, …

The case involved three accused who were alleged to have strangled a rickshaw puller, Bhanwar Singh, using a cloth rolled into a rope. Two constables on night patrol heard the victim’s cries, entered the guest house and saw the assault, catching two of the accused while the third escaped by scaling a wall. The prosecut…

Three accused were acquitted by a Sessions Judge for murder and related offences, but the State appealed and the Gujarat High Court convicted them. The appellants then appealed to the Supreme Court under section 2(a) of the Supreme Court (Enlargement of Criminal Appellate Jurisdiction) Act, 1970. The Supreme Court dism…

The appellant, an armed constable of the Special Reserve Police, shot and killed his immediate superior, a Head Constable, at the Khampla Dam site, claiming he was discharging his patrol duties and feared a miscreant would set fire to a tower. The trial court acquitted him on the basis of reasonable doubt, but the Guja…

Balbir Singh and Inderjit Singh, brothers, were charged with murder of their relative Onkar Singh under Sections 302 and 34 of the IPC. The Sessions Judge acquitted them, but the Punjab and Haryana High Court, on appeal by the State, convicted them and sentenced them to life imprisonment. The appellants appealed to the…