BAIJ NATH SAHversusSTATE OF BIHAR

                    r20101 s s.c:R. 619


                      BAIJ NATH SAH                               A
                              v.
                     STATE OF BIHAR
            (Criminal appeal No. 1475 of 2003)
                      APRIL 29, 2010
                                                                  B
     [HARJIT SINGH BEDI AND C.K. PRASAD, JJ.]

    Penal Code, 1860:

     s.363 - Kidnapping - Four persons including appellant        C
prosecuted - Conviction - Plea of appellant that there was no
evidence against him - HELD: As the victim was not
examined as a witness, her statement uls 164 CrPC cannot
be used against the appellant - Even otherwise, her
statement does not involve the appellant in any manner- The
a/legation against him is that after the victim had been          D
kidnapped by the other accused she was brought to their
home, where the appellant was a/so present - In other words,
when she was brought to the appellant's home, the kidnapping
had already take,n place - The appellant could, therefore, not
be implicated in the offence punishable uls 3~3 or 366-A de       E
hors other evidence to show his involvement in the events
preceding the kidnapping - Accordingly, appellant is
acquitted - Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973 - s.164.

     Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973:                            F
      s. 164 - Sta"tement recorded under - HELD: Is not
substantive evidence and can be utilized only to corroborate
or contradict the witness vis-a-vis statement made in coutt -
In other words, it can be utilised only as a previous statement   G
and nothing more - Evidence - Penal Code, 1860 - s.363.

   Ram Kishan Singh vs. Harmit Kaur and Anr. (1972) 3
sec 280 - retied on.
                             619                                  H
    620       SUPREME COURT REPORTS               [2010] 5 S.C.R.


A                         Case Law Reference:
          (1972) 3 sec 2so         relied on           para 4
        CRIMINAL APPELLATE JURISDICTION: Criminal Appeal
    No. 14 75 of 2003.
B
        From the Judgment & Order dated 25.4.2003 of the High
    Court of Judicature at Patna in Criminal Appeal No. 349 of
    1991.

          Gaurav Aggarwal, Prashant Kumar for the Appellant.
c
          Tanmaya Mehta, for the Respondent.

          The following Order of the Court was delivered

                                ORDER
D
       Four persons in all Parwati Devi, Prabhunath Sah, Baij
  Nath Sah, the appellant herein, and one Surajdeo Misssir were
  brought to trial for an offence under Sec.366-A of the Indian
  Penal Code for having kidnapped Suman Kumari the minor
E daughter of Arjun Prasad on 24th June, 1984 from her home.
  The fourth accused i.e. Surajdeo Missir died during the course
  of the trial. The Trial Court by its judgment dated 5th
  September, 1991, convicted the accused for the aforesaid
  offence and sentenced them to five years rigorous
F imprisonment. An appeal was thereafter taken to the Patna
  High Court and the learned single Judge altered the conviction
  from one under Sec.366-A to Sec.363 of the IPC, released
  Parvati Devi on the basis of the sentence already undergone
  and reduced the sentence of the appellants Baij Nath Sah and
  Prabhunath Sah, to one year's R.I.
G
       A special leave petition was subsequently filed in this
  Court by Baij Nath Sah - the appellant and his brother
  Prabhunath Sah but as the latter did not surrender to custody,
  his special leave petition was dismissed. We are told that he
H has undergone the sentence as of now.
         BAIJ NATH SAH v. STATE OF BIHAR                       621


    This appeal by special leave filed by Baij Nath Sah is           A
before us.

     Mr. Gaurav Aggarwal, the learned counsel for the appellant
has argued that there was no evidence whatsoever against the
appellant here,in. He has pointed out that his name had not 8
figured in the FIR and that the only evidence used by the Courts
below to convict the appellant was the statement under Sec.164
of the Cr.P.C. made by Suman Kumari before the Magistrate
on the 25th July, 1984. He has further pointed out that this
statement was inadmissible in evidence but even if taken into C
account did not involve or implicate the appellant in any manner.
                                                      -   ~-


     Mr. Tanmay Mehta, the learned counsel appearing for the
State of Bihar has however supported the judgment of the Trial
Court and has submitted that in addition to the aforesaid
statement the other evidence with regard to the involvement of D
the accused was also available on record.

     We have heard the learned counsel for the parties and
have gone through the record. We see from the judgments of
the Courts below that the only material that has been used E
against the appellant is the statement under Sec.164 of the
Cr.P.C. This Court in Ram Kishan Singh vs. Harmit Kaur and
Another ((1972) 3 SCC 280) has held that a statement of 164
Cr.P.C. is not substantive evidence and can be utilized only to
corroborate or contradict the witness vis-a-vis. statement made . F
in Court. In other words, it can be only utilized only as a previous
statement and nothing more. We see from the record that
Suman Kumari was not produced as a witness as she had
since been married in Nepal and her husband had refused to
let her return to India for the evidence. In this light her statement G
under Section 164 cannot be used against the appellant. Even
otherwise, a look at her statement does not involve the appellant
in any manner. The allegation against him is that after she had
been kidnapped by the other accused she had been brought
to their home, where the agpellant was also present. In other
words, when she had been brought to the appellant's home the H
    622    SUPREME COURT REPORTS               [2010] 5 S.C.R.


A   kidnapping had already taken place. The appellant could
    therefore not be implicated in the offence under Sec.363 or
    366-A of the IPC de hors other evidence to show his
    involvement in the events preceding the kidnapping.

8       We accordingly allow the appeal and set aside the
    judgment impugned. The appellant is acquitted.

        The appellant is on bail. His bail bonds shall stand
    discharged.

    R.P.                                       Appeal allowed.