COMMISSIONER OF INCOME-TAXversusMANOHARLAL GUPTA AND CO.

                        COMMISSIONER OF INCOME-TAX                                         A
                                             V.

                         MANOHARLAL GUPTA AND CO.

                                   JANUARY 5, 1996

                [B.P. JEEVAN REDDY AND S.B. MAJMUDAR, JJ.]                                 B

           Income-Tax Act, 1922:

          S. 3--0ption contemplated under-Assessment year 1961-62-
    Unre&istered firrn--Assessed by an ITO-Partner Assessed by another
    !To-Partner's assess111e11t order slating that it would be rec:t~fied when the         C
    store income report n.f the partner is received from the ITO assessing the
    firm-Held, option under S.3 not exercised by the ITO-Partner could have
    applied for rect(fication~ssessment offir1n held valid.

           CIVIL APPELLATE JURISDICTION : Civil Appeal No. 187 (NT) of
    1~8.                                                                                   D
           From the Judgment and Order dated 26.5.76 of the Calcutta High Court
J   in l.T.R. No. 158 of 1973.

           KN. Shukla and S.N. Terdol for the appellant.

           Krishna Kumar and Vimal Dave for the Respondent.                                E

           The following Order of the Court was delivered :

           The Calcutta High Court has answered the following question, referred
    at the instance of the assessee, in the negative i.e., in favour of the assessee and
    against the Revenue.                                                                   F
             "Whether, on the facts and in the circumstances of the case, the
             Tribunal was justified in holding that the assessment of the assessee as
             an unregistered firm for the assessment year 1961-62 was proper?"

           The assessee is a firm. The assessment in question relates to assessment
    Year 19~2, governed by Indian Income Tax Act, 1922. Since it did not apply             G
    for rcgiS!rat1Btt,-lhc Income Tax Officer completed the assessment treating the
    asscssee as a1l~1lr~gistered finn. He co1nputed the total incorne at Rs. 59, 623
    v,ihich included the sum of Rs. 50,000 as income from other sources which was
    agreed Lo by the assessec (See para 3 of statement of case). The assessee's
    appeal to Appellate Assistant Commissioner was dismissed and so was the                H
                                            175
    176                       SUPREME COURT REPORTS                  [1996] l S.C.R.

A   further appeal to Tribunal. The main and only contention of the assessee before
    both the appellate authorities was : inasmuch as a partner of the assessee-firm,
    Sri Manoharlal, has been assessed on January 31, 1966 including his share
    income from the asscssee-firm in his asset, the assessment made on assessee-
    firm on March 23, 1966 was not permissible. Both the appellate authorities
    rejected this contention. They pointed out that while the assessment of Manohar
B   Lal partner was made by Income Tax Officer 'A' Ward, Howrah, the assessment
    on the assessee-firm was made by the Income Tax Officer 'C' Ward, Howrah.
    They held that since the assessments on the partner and the firm were made by
    different Income Tax Officers and further because the Income Tax Officer
    making the assessment on partner mentioned clearly that he would rectify the
C   assessment when he receives the share income report of the said partner from
    the Income Tax Officer assessing the firm, it cannot be said that the Income Tax
    Officer has exercised the discretion to tax the partner (as was permitted by the
     1992 Act) or that the assessment on the firm was invalid in law on that account.
    The High Court has answered the question in favour of the assessee merely
D   following their earlier decision in Mis. Hilulustan Mill Stores Supply Company
    v. Com1nissioner of Income Tax, West Bengal, Income Tax Reference No. 10 of
     (1973). Though the High Court has noted elaborately the contentions of the
                                                                                              l.
    counsel for both sides, it rested its decision exclusively on the aforesaid earlier
     (unreported) decision of that Court. Unfortunately, a copy of the said unreported
    decision is not made available to us. We are, therefore, unable to ascertain the
E    precise reasoning on the basis of which the question has been answered by the
     High Court in the negative. We have, however, heard counsel for both the
     parties and we presume that in the opinion of the High Com1, the assessment
     on the firm is invalid for the reason that the share income of a partner was         '
     included in his individual assessment which means that the Income Tax Officer
F    has exercised the discretion, the option, available to him under the 1922 Act.

          In Commissioner of Income Tax v. Atchaiah, (Civil Appeal No. 2573 of
    1977 delivered on December 11, 1995), this Court has dealt with the position
    of law relevant in this behalf under the 1922 and the present Act. Under the
    1922 Act, the Income Tax Officer had an option either to tax the partners of a
G   firm or the firm with respect to the income of the firm but once he exercised
    his option one way, he could not obviously bring the same amount to tax in the
    hands of the other. Under the present act, however, no such option is available
    to him. This appeal is governed by the 1922 Act, which means that the Income
    Tax Officer did have an option. The only question is whether he had exercised
    that option? We think not. The assessment on the partner was completed earlier
H
                               COMMR. OF LT. v. M. GUPTA                           177
     i.e., on January 31, 1966. That was done by the Income Tax Officer· A' Ward           A
,.   while the assessment on the firm was made by the Income Tax Officer 'C'
     Ward, on March 23, 1966. The order of assessment dated January 31, 1966 on
     partner reads :

              "Return filed. Notice u/s. 14Y2l complied with. It is stated by the
              assessee that all this business income is taken over by the firm Mis.        B
              Manoharlal Gupta & Company and his individual income is from that
              firm only. Assessee has shown his income at Rs. 982. This is accepted
              for the time being. It will be rectified when the report from the I.T.O.
 '            concerned ls received."

            The order of assessment on the firm, made by Income Tax Officer 'C'
                                                                                           c
     Ward (at pages 8 to 10 of the paper book) does not in any manner indicate that
     the assessing officer was aware, even distantly, that the partners of the firm have
     been already assessed with respect to their share income from this firm. Indeed
     the Tribunal has said that it had no information whether or when any other
     partner was assessed. Coupled with this is the express recital in the assessment      D
     order relating to the partner referred to above. In the light of the above
     circumstances, we are of the opinion that the Tribunal was justified in concluding
     that the option contemplated by Section 3 of the 1922 Act was not exercised by
     the Income Tax Officer in this case and hence the assessment made on the firm
     was not invalid. (The partner, Manoharlal, could have applied for rectification       E
     of his assessment order as provided expressly in the order of assessment itself.)

            Certain decisions were brought to our notice but it is not necessary to deal
     with them since they turn on their own facts. The question arising herein is
     really one of inference to be drawn from the facts found by the Tribunal. We
     find Tribunal's opinion sound and valid. The High Court has not disturbed the         F
     facts found by the Tribunal. The reasoning on the basis of which it has
     disagreed with the Tribunal is not evident from the order, as mentioned
     hereinbefore.

            For the above reasons, the appeal is allowed. The judgment of the High
     Court is set aside and the question referred is answered in the affirmative, i.e.,    G
     in favour of the revenue and against the assessee. No costs.

     G.N.                                                             Appeal allowed.