KILAKKATHA PARAMBATH SASI & ORS.versusSTATE OF KERALA

                        [2011] 2 S.C.R. 540


A            KILAKKATHA PARAMBATH SASI & ORS.
                                 v.
                        STATE OF KERALA
                (Criminal Appeal No. 1383 of 2003)
                        F'EBRUARY 4, 2011
8
       [HARJIT SINGH BEDI AND CHANDRAMAULI KR.
                      PRASAD, JJ.]

        Penal Code, 1860 - s.302 rlw s.34 - Accused persons
C allegedly formed themselves into an unlawful assembly and
  assaulted PW-1 and his brother with sword, axe and knife due
  to political animosity - PW-1 was injured while his brother
  died at the hospital - Trial Court acquitted all the seven
  <3Ccused - High Court, however, reversed the acquittal of four
D accused (the appellants) - Justification of - Held: Justified -
  The findings of the High Court as to the spontaneity of the
  FIR are fully endorsed - PW-1 is an injured witness and his
  presence, therefore, cannot be disputed - PW-1 was not an
  active politicial worker, and hence question of false
E implication at his instance, on account of political rivalry,
  appears to be remote - Even otherwise, it is difficult to believe ·
  that PW-1 would have left out the true assailants of his brother
  - The prosecution story was entirely correct and was fully
  supported by the evidence of PW 2 and two independent
F witnesses (PWs 3 and 4).
      Appeal against acquittal - Scope for interference - Held:
  The Hig/1 Court should not interfere in an appeal against
  acquittal save in exceptional cases - Interference in such an
  appeal is called for only if the findings of the Trial Court is
G not bome out by the evidence and is perverse.

        According to the prosecution, the accused persons
    belonged to the Bhartiya Janta Party whereas PW-1 and
    his brother were workers of the Congress Party, and that
H                                540
 KILAKKATHA PARAMBATH SASI & ORS. v. STATE 541
                OF KERALA
on account of political animosity, the accused persons       A
formed themselves into an unlawful assembly and
assaulted PW-1 and his brother with sword, axe and
knife, when they just got out of a bus at the bus stand.
PW-1 was grievously injured while his brother died at the
hospital.                                                    B

    The dead body of PW-1 's brother was subjected to
post-mortem, on which PW-7, the doctor, found 58
injuries thereon, most of them incised and cutting
wounds, some of them of huge dimensions. PW-1 was            C
examined by the doctor PW-8, and three incised wounds
were found on him as well.

    The accused were charged for offences punishable
under Sections 147, 148, 307, 324 and 302 read with
Section 149 of the IPC. The Trial Court acquitted all the    D
seven accused. On appeal, the High Court held that the
judgment of the trial court was perverse and accordingly
reversed the acquittal of four accused (the appellants),
who were convicted under Section 302 r/w Section 34 IPC
and sentenced to life imprisonment, whereas the acquittal    E
of other three accused was maintained.

    In the instant appeals, the conviction of the
appellants was challenged on various grounds. It was
contended by the appellants that the facts of the case did
not justify interference by the High Court in an appeal
                                                             F
against acquittal.

    Dismissing the appeal, the Court
    HELD: 1. The High Court should not interfere in an G
appeal against acquittal save in exceptional cases, and
that interference in such an appeal is called for, only if
the findings of the Trial Court is not borne out by the
evidence and is perverse. However, it is equa.lly well
established that the High Court can re-~ppraise the, H _
                                            I-
     542    SUPREME COURT REPORTS              [2011) 2 S.C.R.

A evidence so as to find out as to whether the view taken
  ·by the Trial Court was justified or not and if it finds that
   the Trial Court's findings were not possible on the
   evidence, interference must be made failing which there
   would be a travesty of justice. In the instant case, the
B High Court was fully justified in interfering in this matter
   under the guidelines and principles in Arulvelu's case.
   (Para 1OJ [551-E-G]

      Aru/velu and Anr. v. State represented by the Public
C Prosecutor and Anr. (2009 (10) SCC 206] - referred to.

          2. The incident happened at about 2.30 p.m. and the
     police had arrived at the place of occurrence an hour later.
     PW-1 and the deceased were taken to the Government
     Hospital, Thalassery where the deceased was examined
D    at about 3.40 p.m. but referred to the Medical College,
     Kozikhode as his injuries were grave whereas PW-1 was ·
     admitted to the Government Hospital. It has also come in
     the evidence that the ASI, who had taken the injured to
     the Hospital at Thalassery, was on law and order duty but
.E   he nevertheless had gone to the Kuthuparamba Police
     Station and given information about the incident in that
     Police Station. The police had arrived, thereafter, at the
     General Hospital and recorded PW-1 's statement at 5.30
     p.m. and on its basis, the formal report had been .
F    registered at 7.15 p.m. and immediately forwarded to the
     Magistrate who received it at 10.00 p.m. The Trial judge
     has, however, found fault in this matter by obse~ing that
     one of the persons accompanying the injured could have
     gone to the police station and given a statement. This
     observation is farfetched and it does not take into
G    account the realities of life. The deceased had suffered
     as many as 58 injuries, most of them incised and cutting
     wounds with large quantities of blood spilling out, and
     was in a very serious condition and the first anxiety of
H    everybody, including the attendants and the doctors, was
                                            •
  KILAKKATHA PARAMBATH SASI & ORS. v. STATE 543
                 OF KERALA
 to see him to a hospital. He also died at about 4:00 p.m.    A
 Therefore, the findings of the High Court as to the
 spontaneity of the FIR are fully endorsed. [Para 11] [552-
 A-H; 553-A]

        3. PW-1 is an injured witness and his presence, 8
  therefore, cannot be disputed. Even as per the defence
  put up by the accused, PW-1 was not an active worker
  of the Congress Party. The question of false implication
  of BJP workers at his instance on account of political
  rivalry, therefore appears to be remote. Even otherwise, C
  it is difficult to believe that PW-1 would have left out the
  true assailants of his brother. The Trial Court had
  however given a finding that in the FIR, PW-1 had given
· the names of only four of the accused (who are the
  appellants) whereas he had added three more
  subsequently by way of a supplementary statement and D
  as such, his story could not be believed. Likewise, the
  Trial Court had found some doubt as to the story put up ·~
  by PW-1 as to his medical examination in the Thalassery
  Hospital where he had told the doctor that he and his
  brother ·had been injured by BJP workers but had not E
  divulged the names to him. The Trial court has supported
  this finding by referring to the doctor's evidence that had
  the names been given, he would have noted them down
  in the medical record. This observation is farfetched.
  First and foremost, it is not the function of the doctor to F
  record the names of those who may have caused the
  injuries to the person who is being examined by him. On
  the contrary, the fact that the statement about the
  involvement of BJP had been made at about 4.00 p.m. in
  the Thalassery Hospital suggests that the prosecution G
  story was entirely correct. Also PW-1 has given full
  details as to how he and his brother had happened to
  meet by chance in the bus and the manner in which the
  incident had happened at Ayithara bus stand. [Para 11]
  [553-8-H; 554-A-B]                                           H
    544      SUPREME COURT REPORTS             [2011) 2 S.C.R.


A      4. The prosecution story is also fully supported by
  the evidence of PWs 2,3 and 4. The High Court has relied
  on PW-1 's statement with respect to the presence of PWs
  3 and 4, but expressed some doubt as to the presence
  of PW-2. PW-2 was one of those who had taken the
B deceased and PW-1 to the Thalassery Hospital after the
  incident, as his name figures as being present in the
  Hospital at the time of the examination of the injured.
  Merely therefore because PW-1 does not refer to PW's
  presence in the FIR does not mean that he was not
c present. PWs 3 and 4 are independent witnesses.
  Significantly, PW-1 and PW-2 did state that PW-3 was also
  traveling in the same bus, PW-3 also gave a categoric
  statement that she had seen the deceased and PW-1 in
  the bus and had witnessed the incident outside Babu's
0 shop at the Ayithara bus stand. There is absolutely no
  doubt with regard to the presence of PW-4 who is a truly
  independent witness. He stated that he was an auto-
  rickshaw driver and had come to the place to get his auto-
  ric ks haw repaired and had seen the incident as it
E happened. There is absolutely no reason as to why his
  statement should be discarded. [Para 12] [554-C-G]

       5. It is true that PW-15, the Investigation Officer, did
  testify that he had taken into possession the 'Trip-Sheet'
  for the route which the bus had taken. Even assuming,
F however, that the bus crew ought to have been examined
  as that would have greatly enhanced the value of the
  prosecution evidence, but their non-examination case
  would not mean that the entire prosecution story would
  fall through as there were several other credible
G witnesses including an injured one. [Para 12] [554-H; 555-
  A-B]
                       Case Law Reference:
          2009 (10) sec 20s     referred to          Para 10
H
 KILAKKATHA PARAMBATH SASI & ORS. v. STATE               545
                OF KERALA
    CRIMINAL AP PELLATE JURISDICTION : Criminal Appeal          A
No.1383 of 2003.

    From the Judgment & Order dated 23.05.2003 of the High
Court of Kerala at Ernakulam in Crl. Appeal No. 198 of 2000.

     U.R. Lalit, E.M.S. Anam, Fazlin Anam for the Appellants,   B

      Dinesh Dwivedi, G. Prakash, Beena Prakash, V. Senthil
for the Respondent.

     Tlie Judgment of the Court was delivered by                c
    HARJIT SINGH BEDI, J. 1. The prosecution story, given
by PW-1 Shaji, who is the brother of the deceased, Sathyan is
as under:-

       At about 1:45 p.m. on the 24th March; 1994, Shaji (PW- D
 1) was to travel by bus on the route from Thalassery to
 Vataparra via Ayitharapuzha and Kuthuparamba. He got into
 the bus at Ayitharapara. As he entered the bus, he found his
 brother Sathyan also traveling by the same bus and as there
 was a vacant seat besides him, he too sat down on the seat. E
 10 or 15 other passengers including Prakasan (PW-2),
 Shyamala (PW-3) and the accused Sasi and Dasan were also
 in the bus. At about 1:55 p.m. the bus reached Ayitharapuzha
 but before PW-1 and the deceased could get down from the
 bus, Sasi and Dasan shouted out that they would be murdered F
 and on saying so they pushed PW~1 and Sathyan out on to the
 road. Three other persons then ran towards the bus from
 Babu's shop which was alongside the road. Ambu and
 Perutheri-accused handed over a sword each to Sasi and
_Dasan whereupon Sasi inflicted injuries on the hands of Shaji. · G
 Ashokan-accused who was armed with an axe caused injuries
 on the face and head of Sathyan whereas accused Babu
 armed with a long knife caused injuries on the left hand of
 Sathyan and Dasan inflicted a stab injury with a sword on the
 stomach of Sathyan. The other accused also inflicted some
 injuries on the deceased as well as on PW-1. As per PW-1's H -
   546     SUPREME COURT REPORTS                [2011] 2 S.C.R.


A statement, he had recognized all the seven accused who had
  inflicted injuries on him and his brother. A police jeep soon
  arrived at the spot and PW-1 and Sathyan were taken to
  Kuthuparamba Hospital but as they were in critical condition,
  they were removed in a car and brought to the Thalassery
B Government Hospital where both of them were examined by the
  Doctor and while PW-1 was admitted therein Sathyan was
  referred to Kozhikode Medical College where he soon died.
  At about 5:30 p.m., the police arrived in the Thalassery Hospital
  and recorded th"e statement of PW-1 leading to the recording
c of the FIR referring to seven assailants but naming only four,
  and suggesting that the murder was the outcome of political
  rivalry as the accused belonged to the Bhartiya Janta Party
  whereas the deceased and PW-1 were workers of the
  Congress Party. In the FIR it was also noted that the incident
  had been seen by Prakasan (PW-2) and Manoharan (PW-4).
0
  Sathyan's dead body was also subjected to a post-mortem, and
   PW-7 the doctor, found 58 injuries thereon, most of them
  incised and cutting wounds, some of them of huge dimensions.
   PW-1 was also examined for the injuries by the doctor PW-8, /
   and three incised wounds were found on him as well. On the ·
E completion of the investigation, the accused were charged for
   offences punishable under Sections 147, 148, 307, 324 and
   302 read with Section 149 of the Indian Penal Code.

       2. The Trial Court held that though PW-1 was an injured
F witness, yet he could not be believed as in the FIR he had
  named only four accused i.e. Sasi, Dasan, Ashokan and Babu,
  although, he had referred to three others and had in a
  supplementary statement to the circle inspector named these
  three as well and that he had also admitted to the deep political
G animosity between the two groups, which cast a doubt on his
  story. The court also held that the police had admittedly carried
  PW-1 and his fatally injured brother in the police jeep to the
  hospital, but as the police officer had made no attempt at
  recording the statement of PW-1, at that stage, the prosecution _
H story was, apparently, an after-thought and could not be relied
     KILAKKATHA PARAMBATH SASI & ORS. v. STATE 547
           OF KERALA [HARJIT SINGH BEDI, J.]
    upon. The Court also observed that the manner in which the         A
    injuries had been caused by all the accused, could not be
    believed as the eye-witnesses were discrepant on this material
    aspect. The Trial Court went through the evidence of PW-2,
    Prakasan and found that he had not been able to explain his
    presence in the bus at the relevant time despite the fact that     B
     his presence had been specifically indicated in the FIR. The
     court then examined the evidence of Shyamala (PW-3), one of
    the other passengers in the bus, and observed that her
     presence too was doubtful as her name did not figure in the
     FIR. The court also found that PW-4, another eye-witness had·     c
     deposed that he had been present at the bus stop at Ayithara
     near Babu's shop and that when the bus had stopped and the
 I
· passengers were getting down, he had heard a great deal of
     shouting and had subsequently, witnessed the incident in which
     the four main accused-appellants herein caused a large umber      0
     of injuries to the deceased and PW-1, but as PW-4 was
   · admittedly an autorickshaw driver operating from Kuthuparamba
     and as his autoricl<shaw was stationed at Kuthuparamba, the
     story proje~ted by him that he had come to Ayithara to get it
     repaired, appeared to be doubtful. The court also opined that
     the eye-witness account Was not substantiated by the medical      E
     evidence in the light of the fact that all the incised injuries
  . appeared to bear clear-cut margins whereas the prosecution
     had suggested that accused nos.5 to 7 had been armed with
     a crow bar and sticks.
                                                                       F
        3. The court also went into the evidence of the primary
    investigating officer PW-15 and opined that there appeared to
    be something remiss in the manner in which the investigation
  . had been conducted by him. In conclusion, the Trial Court
    observed that :                                                    G
        "On an appreciation of the entire evidence available on
        record, I am to hold that the evidence of the alleged eye- .
        witnesses PWs 1 to 4 are inconsistent regarding the
        weapon used and also the witnesses have improved their H
    548       SUPREME COURT REPORTS                 [2011) 2 S.C.R.


A         version when they deposed before the Court. Several
          material points, which have not been stated to the police
          have been deposed before the court. I have no doubt in
          my mind that in this case the witnesses have not deposed
          before this court the real incident that happened.
B         Developments were made and therefore, I am unable to
          accept the version of the witnesses as true and correct.
          So also, the medical evidence is not in conformity with the
          evidence given by PW-2 and the case of the prosecution
          that murder of Sathyan and Shaji formed themselves into
c         an unlawful assembly and waited at the shop of the 4th
          accused Babu for the deceased to reach the place in the
          bus also cannot be believed. In this circumstance, I am to
          hold that the prosecution has not presented before this
          court the true incident in this case in which another youth
          has been murdered allegedly due to the political animosity.
D
          Therefore, I am to hold that the prosecution has failed to
          prove the case convincingly against these accused."

         4. The Trial Court,-accordingly, acquitted all the accused.
  An appeal was thereafter taken by State to the High Court. The '
E High Court re-examined the evidence taking note of the
  principle, now universally accepted, that if the view taken by the
  trial judge was reasonable and could possibly be taken on the
  evidence, no interference by the appellate court was called for
  as the presumption of innocence of an accused was
F strengthened by an acquittal recorded by the trial court. The
  High Court then examined the evidence in the light of the above
  broad principle and observed that the incident had happened
  at about 2:30 p.m. and the injured had been removed first to
  the Kuthuparamba Government Hospital and then to the
G Thalaserry Government Hospital at 4:00 p.m. whereafter
  Sathyan had been referred to the Medical College at
  Kozhikode. The court noted that due to Sathyan's serious
  condition, his family had removed him to the Hospital at the
  earliest to save him and the FIR had been promptly recorded
H at about 5:30 p.m. at the instance of Shaji (PW-1) in which the
  KILAKKATHA PARAMBATH SASI & ORS. v. STATE 549
        OF KERALA [HARJIT SINGH BEDI, J.)
 accused Sasi, Dasan, Ashokan and Babu, the appellants                  A
~herein, had been named. The court then considered the
 evidence of the eye-witnesses and first examined the evidence
 of PW-1 who was admittedly an injured witness. The court
 noted that in the FIR, it had been recorded that Sasi and Dasan,
 two of the appellants and Prakasan (PW-2) and Shymala (PW-             B
 3) had been present in the bus when the incident had happened
 and that his graphic description fitted in the incident with the
 other circumstances. The court then went into the evidence of
 PW-2 who was alleged to be a close friend of the deceased
 and accepted the statement that at 10:00 a.m. on that day he           c
 and Sathyan had gone to a film show at Kuthuparamba and as
 they were to take lunch at home they had taken a bus to get
 back and when the bus had reached Ayithara bus stand, the
 incident had happened. He also stated that he too had been
 in the police jeep which had taken the injured to the hospital.
                                                                        0
 The court also examined the statement of Shymala (PW-3)
 whose name had also figured in the FIR and the statement of
 Manoharan (PW-4), a truly ,independent witness, as he was
 standing near the shop of Babu to get his autorickshaw
 repaired and had no connection with either party.
                                                                        E
    .5. In this background of the facts, the court observed that
the findings of the Trial Court that there was a delay in the
recording of the FIR was perverse and could not be accepted,
the moreso as the special report had been delivered to the
Magistrate at 7:50 p.m, the c:ame day. The court also found that        F
the first anxiety of the family and friends of the injured was to
see them to a hospital and if an hour or two was taken in that
effort it was but to be expected in the circumstances. The court
also held that the presence of PV'J-1, who was an injured
witness, could not be challenged, and as the dispute was                G
apparently betWeen two rival political parties, it would be difficult
to believe that the true assailants would be left out and others
involved inste~d. The court further observed that the evidence
of PW-1 was\ corroborated by PW-2., PW-3 and PW-4 who
were truly indipendent witnesses and though PW-2's name did             H
      550      SUPREME COURT REPORTS                 [2011] 2 S.C.R..

 A not figure in the FIR but the fact that he was present when the
   injured had been removed to the hospital which was evident
   from the wound certificate, his presence had also to be
   accepted. The court finally found that the judgment of the trial
   court was perverse and accordingly allowed the appeal qua the
 s appellants herein i.e. Sasi, Dasan, Ashokan and Babu whereas
   the acquittal of accused Nos.5 to 7 i.e. P. Sudhakaran, V.
   Sudhakaran and V. Raghu was maintained.

        6. The High Court accordingly awarded a sentence of life
 C imprisonment to the four appellants under Section 302 read with
   Section 34 of the Indian Penal Code.

            7. That the matter is before us on these facts.

            8. Mr. Lalit, the learned senior counsel for the appellants
 0    has raised several arguments before us. He has first argued
      that there was an unexplained delay in the lodging of the FIR
      and as there was admittedly serious enmity between the
      parties, this delay had been utilized by the prosecution to create
      a false story and to involve innocent persons. He has also been
 E    submitted that the High Court too had endorsed the finding of
      the Trial Court that three of the accused had apparently not been -
      present which caused grave doubts on the veracity of the
      prosecution witnesses. It has also been pleaded that the eye-
      witness's account of the four eye-witnesses was discrepant
      inter-se and was also not supported by the medical evidence
  F   of PWs-7 and 8, the two doctors which clearly showed that the
• "   eye-witnesses had not been present at the spot. It has further
      been pointed out that the presence of PWs 2, 3 and 4 was
      even otherwise to be ruled out more particularly as the presence
      of PW-2 was not indicated in the FIR and that the best
 G    witnesses to depose for the prosecution were the crew of the
      bus who were not examined, although the investigating officer
      PW-15 had admitted that he had recovered the trip-sheet from
      them. In conclusion he has submitted that the facts did not justify
      interference in an appeal against acquittal.
 H
   KILAKKATHA PARAMBATH SASI & ORS. v. STATE 551
         OF KERALA [HARJIT SINGH BEDI, J.]
        9. Mr. Dwivedi, the learned cbunsel for the State of Kerala,   A
  has however, controverted the above submissions and pointed
  out that the High Court had set aside the order of the trial court
  fully cognizant of the fact that it was a dealing with an appeal
  against acquittal wherein the High Court's interference was
  circumscribed and had observed that interference was .called         B.
  for as the judgment of the trial court was perverse. He has,
  further, submitted out that there was absolutely no delay in the
  lodging of the FIR and the finding of the trial court to the
  contrary, was perverse and-could not be sustained on the
  evidence. It has further been pointed out that there could be no     c
  doubt as to the presence of Shaji (PW-1) who was admittedly
  an injured witness and the brother of the deceased, nor the
  other witnesses as they were truly independent ones and merely
  because PW-1 did not name all the seven accused at the first
  instance, was of no consequence at this stage as the three who            /
                                                                       0
. had not been named, had been acquitted and were not in
  appeal before this court.
       10. Before we go into the merits of the evidence, we must
 deal with the question of the High Court's interference in an
 appeal against the acquittal. It is true that in Arulve/u and Anr.    E
 Vs. State represented by the Public Prosecutor and Anr. [2099
 (10) sec 206], and a string of earlier & later judgments, it has
 been held that th~ High Court should not interfere in an appeal
 against acquittal save in exceptional cases, and that
 interference in such an appeal was called for only if the findings    F
 of the Trial Court were not borne out by the evidence and were
 perverse. It is however equally well established that the High
 Court can re-appraise the evidence so as to find out as to
 whether the view taken by the Trial Court was justified or not
 and if it finds that the Trial Court's findings were not possible     G
 on.the evidence, interference must be made failing which there
 would be· a travesty of justice. We are of the opinion that in the
 light of what follows, the High Court was justified in interfering
 in this matter.
                                                                       H
    552      SUPREME COURT REPORTS                  [2011] 2 S.C.R.


A      11. Mr. Lalit's primary argument is with regard to the delay
  in lodging of the FIR. He has submitted that the incident had
  happened at about 2.30 p.m. and as per the prosecution, the
  statement of PW-1 had been recorded at about 5.30 p.m., but
  as the special report had been delivered to the Magistrate at
B about 10.00 p.m., it appeared that the FIR statement had been
  recorded at about 7 or 7.30 p.m. and that too after due
  deliberation.

          It is true, and if it is so found, that a FIR has been lodged
C   belatedly, an inference can rightly follow that the prosecution
    story may not be true but equally on the other side if it is found
    that there is no delay in the recording of the FIR, the prosecution
    story stands immeasurably strengthened. The High Court has
    re-examined the findings recorded by the Trial Court with
    respect to this matter. We notice that the incident happened at
D   about 2.30 p.m. and the police had arrived at the place of
    occurrence an hour later. PW-1 and the deceased were taken
    to the Government Hospital, Thalassery where the deceased
    was examined at about 3.40 p.m. but referred to the Medical
    College, Kozikhode as his injuries were grave whereas PW-1
E   was admitted to the Government Hospital. It has also come in
    the evidence that the ASI, who had taken the injured to the ·
    Hospital at Thalassery, was on law and order duty but he
    nevertheless had gone to the Kuthuparamba Police Station and
    given information about the incident in that Police Station. The
F   police had arrived, thereafter, at the General Hospital and
    recorded PW-1's statement at 5.30 p.m. and on its basis, the
    formal report had been registered at 7.15 p.m. and immediately
    forwarded to the Magistrate who received it at 10.00 p.m. The
    Trial judge has, however, found fault in this matter by observing
G   that one of the persons accompanying the injured could have
    gone to the police station and given a statement. To our mind,
    this observation is farfetched and it does not take into account
    the realities of life. It is to be noted that .the deceased had
    suffered as many as 58 injuries, most of them incised and
H   cutting wounds with large quantities of blood spilling out, and
 . KILAKKATHA PARAMBATH SASI & ORS. v. STATE                   553
         OF KERALA [HARJIT SINGH BEDI, J.]
 was in a very serious condition and the first anxiety of everybody,   A
 including the attendants and the doctors, was to see him to a
 t\ospital. He also died at about 4:00 p.m. We, therefore, fully
 endorse the findings of the High· Court as to the spontaneity of
 the FIR.                                        .

         Mr. Lalit has also questioned the evidence of PW-1 who        8
   is admittedly an injured eye-witness and whose presence
   cannot be doubted. It has been contended that as the incident
   was the outcome of political rivalry between the Bhartiya Janta
   Party and the Congress workers, and the fact that PW-1 had
   not named all the assailants to the doctor in Thalassery Hospital   C
   when he had been examined by him and merely stated that BJP
   workers were responsible, cast a doubt on his statement. It has,
   accordingly, been pleaded that PW-1 apparently did not know
   the names of the accused and that the accused had been
  -involved after deliberation."We find absolutely no merit in this.   D
   submission, as admittedly PW-1 is an injured witness and his
 ·presence, therefore, cannot be disputed. Even as per the
   defence put up by the accused, PW-1 was not an active worker
   of the Congress Party. The question of the false implication of
   BJP workers at his instance on account of political rivalry,        E _
   therefore appears to be remote. Even otherwise, we find it
   difficult to believe that PW-1 would. have left out the true
   assailants of his brother. The Trial Court had however given a
   finding that in the FIR, PW-1 had given the names of only ~our
   of the accused (who are the appellants before us) whereas he        F
 . had added three more subsequently byway of a supplementary
   statement and as such, his story could not be believed.
   Likewise, the Trial Court had found some doubt as to the story
- put up by PW-1 as to his medical examination in the Thalassery
   Hospital where he had told the doctor that he and his brother       G
   had been injured by BJP workers but had not divulged the
   names to him. The Trial court has supported this finding by
   referring to the doctor's evidence that had the names been
   given, he would have noted them down in the medical record.
  We find this observation to be farfetched. First and foremost, it    H
    554     SUPREME COURT REPORTS                 [2011) 2 S.C.R.


A has to be borne in mind that it is not the functiqn of the doctor
  to record the names of those who may have caused the injuries
  to the person who is being examined by him. On the contrary,
  the fact that the statement about the involvement of BJP had
  been made at about 4.00 p.m. in the Thalassery Hospital
8 suggests that the prosecution story was entirely correct. We
  also see that PW-1 has given full details as to how he and his
  brother had happened to meet by chance in the bus and the
  manner in which the incident had happened at Ayithara bus
  stand.
c       12. The prosecution story is also fully supported by the
  evidence of PWs 2,3 and 4. The High Court has relied on PW- •
  1's statement with respect to the presence of PWs ~ and 4,
  but expressed some doubt as to the presence of PW-2. We
  have examined the findings arrived at by the High Court vis-a-
D vis the observations of the Trial judge. We see that PW-2 was
  one of those who had taken the deceased and PW-1 to the
  Thalassery Hospital after the incident, as his name figures as
  being present in the Hospital at the time of the examination of
  the injured. Merely therefore because PW-1 does not refer to
E PW's presence in the FIR does not mean that he was not
  present. We also find that PWs 3 and 4 are independent
  witnesses. Significantly, PW-1 and PW-2 did state that PW-3
  was also traveling in the same bus, PW-3 also gave a categoric
  statement that she had seen the deceased and PW-1 in the
F bus and had witnessed the incident outside Babu's shop at the
  Ayithara bus stand. We are further of the opinion that there is
  absolutely no doubt with regard to the presence of PW-4 who
  is a truly independent witness. He stated that he was an auto-
  rickshaw driver and had come to the place to get his auto-
G rickshaw repaired and had seen the incident as it happened. ,
  There is absolutely no reason as to why his statement should
  be discarded.
         Mr. Lalit has, however, also raised some argument with
    regard to the non-examination of the bus crew. It is true that
H
 .                                       f
     KILAKKATHA PARAMBATH SASI & ORS. v. STATE 555· .
           OF KERALA [HARJIT SINGH BEDI, J.]
· PW-15, the Investigation Officer, did testify that he had taken         A
  into possession the 'Trip-Sheet' for the route which the bus had
  taken. Even assuming, however, that the bus crew·ought to have
  been examined ~s that would have greatly enhanced the value
  of the prosecution evidence, but their non-examination case
  would not mean that the entire prosecution s~ory would fall             B
  through as there were several other credible witnesses
  including an injured one.
          ;


        We are, therefore, of the ·opinion that the High Court was
 fully justified in interfering in this matter under the guidelines and   C
 principles· in Arulvelu's case (Supra).              ·

      · The appeal is accordingly dismissed.

 B.B.B.                                          Appeal dismissed.