Supreme Court of India
MANGOO @ MANGAL SINGHversusSTATE OF M.P.
- Citation
- 2008 INSC 865
- Decided
- 24 July 2008
- Disposal
- Appeal(s) allowed
- Bench
- ARIJIT PASAYAT
Holding
The benefit of the judgment altering conviction to s.304 Part I IPC and reducing the sentence to ten years extends to the non‑appealing accused, and the appellant's conviction and sentence are accordingly altered.
Summary
Five persons were tried for murder under s.302 read with s.149 IPC. The trial court convicted all and sentenced them to life imprisonment. The High Court dismissed the appeal, upholding the conviction. Three of the accused filed Special Leave Petitions, and this Court altered their conviction to s.304 Part I IPC and reduced the sentence to ten years. The appellant, who did not file any SLP, sought relief, and the State argued he was not entitled to the benefit of the altered judgment. Relying on the Court's inherent powers under Article 136 and a series of precedents, the Supreme Court held that the benefit of a judgment reducing conviction or sentence can be extended to non‑appealing co‑accused. Consequently, the appellant's conviction was also altered to s.304 Part I IPC with a ten‑year sentence, and the appeal was allowed.
Issues considered
- Whether a non‑appealing accused is entitled to the benefit of a Supreme Court judgment that alters the conviction or sentence of co‑accused who appealed.
- Whether the Supreme Court can, suo motu, extend such benefit under Article 136 and its inherent powers.
Legislation cited
- Constitution of Indias. 136
- Indian Penal Code, 1860s. 149, s. 300, s. 302, s. 304(Part I)
Subjects
murderculpable homicide not amounting to murdersentence reductionbenefit of judgmentnon‑appealing accusedArticle 136equitySupreme Court inherent powerscriminal appeal
Judgment
[2008] 11 S.C.R. 331
MANGOO @ MANGAL SINGH A
v.
STATE OF M.P.
(Criminal Appeal No.1145 of 2008)
JULY 24, 2008
B
~ [DR. ARIJIT PASAYAT AND P. SATHASIVAM, JJ.]
Penal Code, 1860: s. 302 r. w. s. 149 - Five Accused con-
victed and sentence to life imprisonment - Affirmed by High
Court - Three accused filed SLP - Supreme Court passed c
;udgment altering conviction to s. 304(Part I) and reducing
sentence to 10 years - Held: Benefit of the judgment would
extend to the non-appealing accused also - Sentence/Sen-
tencing - Constitution of India, 1950 - Article 136.
Constitution of India, 1950: Article 136 - Equity - Re- D
..,_ 1 duction of sentence in case of appealing accused - Benefit of
- Held: To be extended to non- appealing accused a/so -
Sentence/Sentencing.
Five persons faced trial for alleged commission of
E
offence punishable under s.302 read with s.149 IPC. The
trial Court convicted all the five accused persons includ-
ing the appellant and sentenced him to undergo RI for
life. All the accused persons filed appeal before- High
Court, which was dismissed. Three of the accused per-
sons filed appeal before this· Court but appellant did not F
~ approach this Court. In respect of the three accused, this
Court held that Exception 4 to s.300 IPC was applicable
to the facts of the case and altered the conviction to s.30'4
Part I IPC and held that custodial sentence of 10 years
and fine as was imposed by the High Court would meet G
the ends of justice.
=-- • The appellant filed a writ petition, and this Court
treated it as SLP against the judgment of the High Court.
331 H
I
332 SUPREME COURT REPORTS [2008] 11 S.C.R.
A Respondent-State contended that since the appel-
lant had not filed special leave petition in time, he is not
entitled to the benefit of the judgment in respect of the
three accused.
r
Allowing the appeal, the Court
B
HELD: By exercising suo motu power, this Court in
several cases has granted the benefit of acquittal, con-
viction for a lesser offence or reduction of sentence to
non-appealing accused. Similar course needs to be
adopted. In the circumstances, by applying the decision
C in *Vajrapu's case, the conviction of the appellant is altered /'"'
to s.304 Part I IPC and 10 years' custodial sentence with '
fine as was imposed by the High Court would meet the
ends of justice, since the appellant stands on similar foot- t
ing with the other accused persons who were the appel- ~
D lants in Criminal Appeal No.229 of 2003. [Paras 7,8] [335- '
H, 336-A,B,C]
*Vajrapu Sambayya Naidu and Ors. v. State of A.P and
Ors. JT (2003) 7 SC 558; Hardyal v. State of Rajasthan (1991) ~-
Supp 1 SCC 148; Pyare Singh v. State of M.P (1992) Supp
E 3 SCC 45; Jashubha v. State of Gujarat (1994) 4 SCC 353;
Dandu v. State ofA.P (1999) 7 SCC 69; BijoySingh v. State
of Bihar (2002) 9 SCC 147; Rajaram v. State of M.P (1994)
Supp 2 SCC 153; Gurucharan v. State of Rajasthan (2003) 2
sec 698; Akhil Ali v. State of M.P (1982) 3 sec 370; Rattan
F Singh v. State of Punjab (1988) 1 SCC 14; Jayantibhai v. State
of Gujarat (2002) 8 SCC 165; Suresh v. State of Bihar (2003)
4 SCC 128; Apren Joseph v. State of Kera/a (1973) 2 SC R
16; Hira Lal v. Delhi Administration (1973) 3 SCC 398; Uma
Shankar v. State of Bihar (2005) 1O sec 336 - relied on.
G Ghappoo Yadav and Ors. v. State of Madhya Pradesh
JT (2003) 3 SC 474; Harbans singh v. State of UP and Ors.
(1982) 2 sec 101 -referred to.
Case Law Reference
H (2003) 7 SC 558 relied on Para 4 I
.;
MANGOO @ MANGAL SINGH v. 333
STATE OF M.P. [DR. ARIJIT PASAYAT, J.]
(1991) supp 1 sec 148 relied on Para 7 A
(1992) supp 3 sec 45 relied on Para 7
(1994) 4 sec 353 relied on Para 7
(1999) 1 sec 69 relied on Para 7 B
,, ~
(2002) 9 sec 147 relied on Para 7
(1994) supp 2 sec 153 relied on Para 7
(2003) 2 sec 698 relied on Para 7 c
(1982) 3 sec 370 relied on Para 7
(1988) 1 sec 14 relied on Para 7
(2003) 4 sec 128 relied on Para 7
D
-- <\ (1973) 2 SCR 16
(1973) 3 sec 398
relied on
relied on
Para 7
Para 7
(2005) 1o sec 336 relied on Para 7
E
JT (2003) 3 SC 47 4 referred to Para 1
(1982) 2 sec 101 referred to Para 5
I CRIMINALAPPELLATE JURISDICTION: Criminal Appeal
F
No. 1145 of 2008
Joi
(@ SLP Crl. No. 5417 of 2008@ W.P. Criminal No. 192
of 2005)
Arna Das and L.N. Gupta for the Appellant.
G
C.D. Singh and Munendra Kumar Singh for the Resp.on-
-. dent.
The Judgment of the Court was delivered by
Dr. ARIJIT PASAYAT, J. 1. Though the petition was filed H
,~
:
\
334 SUPREME COURT REPORTS [2008) 11 S.C.R. I
L
-+
A as a writ petition and was numbered as WP (Crl.) No.192 of ,_
2005, by order dated 1 .4.2005 it was noted that in the notice it }.,.
shall be indicated that the writ petition shall be treated as a
Special Leave Petition against the judgment. of the High Court
and shall be disposed of in the light of this Court's judgment in
B Ghapoo Yadav and Ors.· v. State of Madhya Pradesh (JT 2003
(3) SC.. 474). ,,.
~ <
'
2. Background facts in a nutshell are as follows:
Five persons faced trial for alleged commission of offence
'\--
c punishable under 'Sectior'l 302 read with Section 149 of the In- \
'
dian Penal Code, 1860 (in short the 'IPC'). The trial Court con-
I
victed all the five accused persons including the appellant in ~
this Writ Petition and sentenced him to undergo RI for life. All t
the accused persons preferred appeal which was numbered
as CriminalAppeal No. 718of1989 before the Madhya Pr.adesh
D
High Coui:t at Jabalpur. The High Court by its judgment dated ,
18.4.2001 dismissed the appeal. Three of the accused per- )..
sons filed Special Leave Petition No.4782 of 2002 which was
admitted and registered as Criminal Appeal No.229 of 2003.
The appellant admittedly did not file any Special Leave Peti- ·-\
E tion. By judgment qated 17.2.2003 in the afores?id Criminal
~
Appeal, a Bench ofthis Court held that Exception 4 to Section
300 IPC was applicable to the facts of the case and altered the
conviction to Section 304 Part I IPC and held that custodial sen-
)1
tence of 10 years and fine as was imposed by the High Court ~
F would meet the ends of justice. The petition be 11umbered as
Special Leave Petition and consequently as a criminal appeal )..;
on grant of leave.
3. Learned counsel for the respondent-State submitted that
• • • • f
since the appellant had not filed any special leave petition in
G
time, he is not entitled to the benefit of the judgment.
4. In Vajrapu Sambayya Naidu and Ors. v. State of A.P
and Ors. (JT .2003 (7) SC ,558) the benefit of the judgment was .... -
extended even to other accused persc:rns who had not ap-
H preached this Court.
MANGOO @ MANGAL SINGH v. 335
.,. STATE OF M.P. [DR. ARIJIT PASAYAT, J.]
5. In Harbans Singh v. State of UP & Ors. (1982 (2) SCC A
101 ), four accused were convicted and sentenced to death. The
order was confirmed by the High Court One of the accused
died in police encounter. Separate Special Leave· Petitions of
remaining three accused came up for consideration before dif-
.. -"' ferent Benches in this Court. SLP of one of them was dismissed B
and he was hanged, SLP of another accused was partly al-
lowed by the Court and death sentence was commuted to im-
prisonment for life. SLP of the remaining accused thereafter
was dismissed, review petition was also dismissed and .his
prayer for clemency came to be rejected by the President. When c
the date for execution of death penalty was fixed, he again ap-
preached this Court.
6. The Court noted that the course which the case had
taken made a 'sad reading'. It was observed that it would be a
sheer travesty of justice, if for the very same offence; one had to D
.... .., pay the extreme penalty of death whereas the other accused
was to get life-imprisonment. In view of the fact, however, that
the 'mercy petition' of the appellant was rejected by the Presi-
dent, the Court thought in the interest of comity to refer the mat-
ter to the President with a recommendation to be so good as to E
exercise his power to commute death sentence into imprison-
ment for life.
7. In a concurring judgment, A.N. Sen, J. stated:
"Very wide powers have been conferred on this Court for F
~ due and proper administration of justice. Apart from the
jurisdiction and powers conferred on this Court under
Articles 32 and 136 of the Constitution, I am of the opinion
that this Court retains and must retain, an inherent power
and jurisdiction for dealing with any extraordinary situation
G
in the larger interests of administration of justice and for
preventing manifest injustice being done. This power must
- "' necessarily be sparingly used only in exceptional
circumstances for furthering the ends of justice".
7. By exercising suo motu power, this Court has granted H
336 SUPREME COURT REPORTS [2008] 11 S.C.R.
A the benefit of acquittal, conviction for a lesser offence or reduc-
tion of sentence to non-appealing accused in several cases.
{See Hardya/ v. State of Rajasthan (1991 Supp (1) SCC 148),
Pyare Singh v. State of M.P, (1992 Supp (3) SCC 45); Jashubha
v. State of Gujarat (1994) 4 SCC 353); Dandu v. State of A.P, }---
B (1999) 7 SCC 69), Bijoy Singh v. State of Bihar, (2002) 9 SCC '
147), Rajaram v. State of M.P, (1994 Supp (2) SCC 153),
Gurucharan v. State of Rajasthan, (2003) 2 SCC 698), Akhil
Ali v. State of Maharashtra, (2003)-2 SCC 708), Bansi Lal v.
State of M.P. ((1982 (3) SCC 370), Rattan Singh v. State of
C Punjab (1988 Supp SCC 456), Hari Nath v. State of UP,
(1988)1 SCC 14), Jayantibhai v. State of Gujarat, (2002) 8
SCC 165), Suresh v. State of Bihar, (2003) 4 SCC 128), Apren
Joseph v. State of Kera/a, (1973) 2 SCR 16); Hira Lal v. Delhi
Administration, (1973) 3 SCC 398), Uma Shankar v. State of
Bihar, (2005) 1o sec 336).
0
8. In our view, similar course needs to be adopted. In the
circumstances, by applying the decision in Vajrapu's case (su-
pra), the conviction of the appellant is altered to Section 304
Part I, IPC and 10 years' custodial sentence with fine as was
E imposed by the High Court would meet the ends of justice, since
the accused appellant stands on similar footing with the other
accused persons who were the appellants in Criminal Appeal
No.229 of 2003. I-
I
9. The appeal is allowed.
D.G. Appeal allowed.
f-
r
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