NIRMAL SINGH AND ANR.versusSTATE OF BIHAR

A                        NIRMAL SINGH AND ANR.
                                        v.
                               STATE OF BIHAR

                             NOVEMBER 17, 2004
B
                    [B.P. SINGH AND ARUN KUMAR, JJ.]

         Penal Code, 1860/Arms Act, 1959-Section 302/Section 27-Prosecution
    under-Death caused by gun shot by one accused at the exhortation of
    another accused-Two other accused accompanying-Accused exhorting
c   also armed with firearm-Prosecution case supported by eyewitnesses and
    medical evidence-Some discrepancies in the case-Conviction by Courts
    below of the accused who· shot and who exhorted-Acquittal of the other
    two accused-In appeal, held : Conviction of accused who shot is justified
    as the· case is supported by the version of eye-witnesses and medical
D   evidence-Contradictions cire not significant so as to doubt the prosecution
    case-However, in the facts of the case, appellant exhorting is acquitted
    by extending benefit of. doubt by way of abundant caution.

         Appellants-accused alongwith 2 others were alleged to have caused
    death of one person. According to prosecution appellants-accused and
E   one of the two accused, armed with country made pistol and one accused
    armed with lathi had gone to the house of" the deceased. Appellant-
    accused 'N' had shot at him at the exhortation of appellant-accused 'R'.
    The relatives of the deceased were eyewitnesses to the incident. PW-11,
    uncle of the deceased went to the police station to lodge FIR but the same
F   could not be reported. Names of the accused were not mentioned either
    in the story narrated to the constable by PW-11 nor in the Inquest
    Report. Investigating Officer after arriving at the place of incident,
    recorded statement of PW-8 and sent it to Police Station for drawing
    up formal FIR. In report of Post Mortem Examination incised wound
    caused by sharp cutting weapon was found. Second Post Mortem
G   Examination was directed and the same was conducted by a Board of
    Doctors. The Board could not give any definite opinion about the injury
    and recommended detailed investigation. In the further post mortem
    examination in Department of Forensic Medicines and Toxicology, a
    bullet was found in the 5th Lumbar Vertebra of the dead body. Version
H   of the eyewitnesses was in consistence with the FIR. Trial Court relying
                                       140
                      NIRMAL SINGH v. STATE                               141

on the version of eye-witnesses and the medical evidence, convicted the         A
appellants-accused while acquitted the other two accused. High Court
affirmed the order of the trial Court.

     In appeal to this Court appellants contended that non-mention o{
name of the accused in the earliest report by PW-11 to the constable at         B
Police Station indicated that PW-11 did not know the assailants; that
Post Mortem Examination Report of the doctor who stated that injury
was caused by sharp cutting weapon created serious doubt about the
prosecution case; that prosecution had not examined any forensic expert
to prove that the injury was caused by a bullet; that prosecution failed
to prove that the alleged place of incident was the real place as no blood
                                                                                c
stained earth was seized from that place; that as per the inquest report
intestines were protruding and accordingly there must have been some
bleeding; and that the case of appellant 'R' being more or less on the
same footing as that of the acquitted accused could not have been
convicted because the allegation of exhorting the other appellant to            D
shoot, though himself armed with a pistol is highly unlikely.

     Dismissing the appeal of appellant' N' and allowing that of appellant
'R', the Court
                                                                                E
      HELD: 1.1. Courts below have not erred in convicting the appellant
'N' under Section 302 IPC and Section 27 of the Arms Act. The medical
evidence supports the case of the prosecution that the deceased suffeFed
a fire-arm injury and the evidence which conclusively proved this fact
was the recovery of a bullet from the body of the deceased, which had
got embedded in the 5th Lumber Vertebra and therefore; could not be
                                                                                F
detected by the medical team in the hospital. The report of the Board
of Doctors who conducted the Post Mortem Examination is not
inconsistent with the Report of PW-9 who conducted the Post Mortem
in the Department of Forensic Medicines and Toxicology. They in fact,
supplement each other. [151-C; 149-D, E]                                        G

      1.2. The question as to whether the bullet was discharged from any
of the weapons carried by the appellants is of no significance in the facts
of the instant case since the weapons allegedly carried by the appellants
were neither recovered nor seized. There was, therefore, no material on         H


                                                                     ,,
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    142                  SUPREME COURT REPORTS [2004] SUPP. 6 S.C.R.

A   the basis of which the ballistic expert could have given his opinion as
    to whether the bullet had been discharged from the weapons carried by
    the appellants. [149-H; 150-A, Bi

         1.3. Though no· blood stained earth was seized from the place of
B   occurrence but there is also evidence of several witnesses including the
    Investigation Officer that no blood had fallen on the earth. Eye-witnesses
    explained that on receiving the injury the deceased pressed his wound
    with his hands whereafter a piece of cloth was tied around the wound
    which soaked the blood which may have come out. There was, therefore,
C   no likelihood of the earth getting blood stained. It may be that the
    intestines were protruding as described in the inquest report. But in
    view of the explanation offered by the prosecution witnesses it appears
    probable that no blood had fallen on the ground at the place ofoccurrence.
    In any event, if some blood had fallen at the place of occurrence which
    the Investigating Officer failed to notice, that by itself will not be fatal
D   to the case of the prosecution. Moreover, the investigation in this case
    has been most unsatisfactory and the Investigating Officer was not
    conscious of his responsibilities. [150-C, D, E]

         1.4. Though the eye-witnesses are related to each other but that is
E   to be expected since the occurrence took place in the dalan of the house
    of the deceased. The evidence of the eye-witnesses does not suffer from
    any infirmity, and appears to be convicting. No significant contradiction
    or infirmity has been brought to the notice of the Court. In the
    circumstances, the case of the prosecution cannot be discarded only on
    account of some infirmities. There appears to be no reason why so many
F   eye-witnesses should falsely implicate the appellants, and there is in fact,
    nothing on record to suggest that the witnesses had any reason to falsely
    implicate.them. [150-H; 151-A, B]

          2. The allegation against appellant 'R' is that he exhorted PW-1 to
G   fire at the deceased. It is not the case of prosecution that though carrying
    a weapon, he fired at anyone. Moreover, if all the four accused had come
    with country made pistols, there was no need for appellant 'R' to exhort
    his companion to fire at the deceased. Without casting any reflection on
    the evidence of the eye-witnesses, and only by way of abundant caution,
H   benefit of doubt is extended to appellant 'R'. [151-D, E]
                 NIRMAL SINGH v. STATE [B.P. SINGH, J.]                     143

        CRIMINAL APPELLATE JURISDICTION : Criminal Appeal Nos.                      A
    170-171of2004.

         From the Judgment and Order dated 5.9.2003 of the Patna High Court
    in Cr!. A. Nos. 420 and 489 of 1999.
                                                                                    B
         M.N. Rao, Santosh Kumar, Chandra Kant Nayak, A vinash Kumar and
    Atishi Dipankar for the Appellants.

         Saket Singh, Nitesh and B.B. Singh for the Respondent.

         The Judgment of the Court was delivered by                                 c
         B.P. SINGH, J. : The appeals by special leave are directed against the
    common judgment and order of the High Court of Judicature at Patna dated
    5th September, 2003 in Criminal Appeal Nos. 420 and 189 of 1999. The
    High Court by its impugned judgment and order affirmed the judgment and         D
    order of the 6th Addi. District & Sessions Judge, Chapra dated 13.9.1999
    in Sessions Trial No. 136/98 whereby he had sentenced appellant, Nirmal
    Singh to undergo life imprisonment under Section 302 IPC and to undergo
    5 years rigorous imprisonment under Section 27 of the Arms Act. Appellant,
    Ranjan Singh was sentenced to undergo life imprisonment under Section
    302 read with Section 34 IPC and to undergo 5 years rigorous imprisonment       E
    under Section 27 of the Arms Act.

         Apart from the appellants, two others were put up for trial before the
    learned Addi. District & Sessions Judge, Chapra, but they have been acquitted
    by the trial court and no appeal was preferred against their acquittal.         F

          The case of the prosecution is that on 14th March, 1997 at about 8.00
    p.m. in village Kudar Bagha, 4 persons including the appellants herein came
    near the house of the deceased. When the deceased emerged from its Angan
    and came to the dalan, appellant Ranjan Singh exhorted his companion,
    appellant Nirmal Singh to shoot the deceased, as a result of which appellant    G
    Nirmal Singh fired at the deceased and shot him in the adbomen. The case
/   of the prosecution is that apart from the appellants, the other two were also
    armed, one with a country made pistol and the other with a lathi. Further
    case of the prosecution is that after the deceased was injured, the members
    of the family, who are the witnesses, chased them and while retreating all      H
    144                  SUPREME COURT REPORTS (2004] SUPP. 6 S.C.R.

A   the three accused who were armed with country made pistols, fired at them
    but no one was injured. The assailants made good their escape. According
    to the prosecution, the motive for the occurrence was that 3 days before the
    incident deceased was returning to his house in village Kudar Bagha and
    while he was passing in front of the house of the appellant Nirmal Singh,
B   the bundle carried by him on his head touched the roof of the house of
    appellant Nirmal Singh, which caused a slight damage to the tiles of his roof.
    This gave rise to an altercation and abuses were exchanged between the
    parties. It was on account of this incident that appellant Nirmal Singh bore
    a grudge against the deceased and committed the offence as alleged.

C         The case of the prosecution is that after the incident PW-I I Nag Narain
    Singh, uncle of the deceased went on a bicycle to police station Garkha, at
    a distance of 7 kms. from the village/place of occurrence. Unfortunately,
    the station house officer or any other officer was not present in the police
    station and he told the constable and the chowkidar present there that he had
D   come to lodge a report regarding the murder of his ·nephew. From his
    deposition, it appears that he narrated the incident to them but he did not
    name the accused. He was, however, told by the constable that since the sub-
    inspector was not present in the police station, no report could be recorded
    and that the sub-inspector will be informed when he returned to the police
    station and that he will thereafter take further steps in the matter. On being
E   assured that the sub-inspector of police will come to the village and take
    further steps, PW- I I returned to his village and waited for the police party
    to arrive.

          According to Gopal Mishra, PW-I 0, the investigating officer when he
p   came to the police station at about 1.00 a.m. he was informed by a constable
    that a murder had taken place in village Kudar Bagha and, therefore, after
    recording the station diary entry, he proceeded to village Kudar Bagha.
    There is some contradiction in his testimony as to wnether he had proceeded
    to village Kudar Bagha on the basis of rumours, or whether the constable
    in the police station had informed him about the occurrence. The station
G   diary entry does not support the version that he was informed by the
    constable. From the said entry, it appears that on the basis of rumours, he
    proceeded to the place of occurrence. This was at about 1.00 A .M. on 15th
    March, 1997. According to PW-10 when he was about 2 Kms. away from
    the village Kudar Bagha, he was PW-8 who on seeing the police party
H   coming to the village also returned to the village. It is the case of the
               NIRMAL SINGH v. STATE [B.P. SINGH, J.]                           145

prosecution that the fardbeyan of PW-8 was recorded at 1.30 A.M. and the                A
same was sent to the police station for drawing up a formal first information               ..
report and registration of a case. It is further stated that formal first information
report was registered at 5.00 A.M. The special report was sent to the Chief
Judicial Magistrate, Chapra but the endorsement on the first information
report shows that it was received on 15th March, 1997 though no time has                B
been mentioned. It is also not in dispute that the police station is at a distance
of about 19 kms. from Chapra.

      According to PW-10 he held inquest over the dead body of the deceased
at 3.00 A.M. PWs 1and3 are the witnesses to the inquest report. The inquest
report does mention that death of the deceased has been caused by a shot                c
discharged from country made pistol, though the names of the assailants are
not mentioned in the inquest report.

      The dead body of the deceased was sent for post mortem examination
which was first conducted by Dr. Gupta, PW-13 on 15th March, 1997 at                    D
12.00 noon. Dr. Gupta found an incised penetrating wound on the right side
of the abdomen of the deceased which according to him had been caused
by a sharp cutting weapon. It appears that the informant was aggrieved by
the finding of the doctor PW I 3 who conducted the post mortem examination
and complained to the Chief Judicial Magistrate that the post mortem had
not been fairly conducted. On the orders of the Chief Judicial Magistrate,              E
a second post mortem examination was conducted by a board of 5 doctors
which included Dr. Ganesh Mahto, PW-12, the civil surgeon. The second
post mortem examination was conducted on 17th March, 1997 at 5.30 P.M.
The finding of the medical board was that there was an oval wound on the
right lumber of the area of abdomen anteriorly, size about 2 "x( I Yi)" abdominal       F
cavity deep. The margins were eaten away by the maggots. There was no
evidence of blackening or tattooing on the abdominal wall around the wound
or anywhere else on the body. The internal organs were in the stage of
decomposition and partly eaten away by maggots. All the viscera of abdominal
and chest cavity were palpated and dissected for search of metallic foreign
body, but despite vigorous search no metallic foreign body could be found               G
anywhere in the viscera or in the abdominal and chest cavity. The board
could not give any definite opinion relating to injury on the body, but it
recommended further detailed investigation and for that purpose
recommended that the body be sent to the Department of Forensic Medicines
and Toxicology, Patna Medical College Hospital, Patna. Accordingly, the                 H
    146                   SUPREME COURT REPORTS [2004] SUPP. 6 S.C.R.

A   body was sent to the Patna Medical College Hospital and on 20th March,
    1997 and another post mortem was done by Dr. A.K. Singh, Tutor Department
    of Forensic Medicines and Toxicology, Patna Medical College Hospital,
    Patna. In his report he recorded as follows :


B                 "Erosion of the anterior surface of the 5th vertebra was noticed
             of Yi" diameter. In view of the advise of the medical Board (C.S.
             Chapra) for Skiagram X-ray of Chest and abdomen, A.P. View was
             suggested which was done by the Radiology Dept. of P.M.H.C.
             Patna by a Portable X-ray machine, in the Mortuary. The report
             received from the radiology Dept. P.M.H.C. with two plates bearing
c            No. P.M./365 dt. 20.3.1997 which read as such-chest A.P. - No
             evidence ofradio opaque shadow seen. N.V. Longitudunal foreign
             body shadow seen in left side. Abdomen with pelvis view A..P. A
             radio opeque shadow (F.B.) seen in L/5 level, left side, report was
             signed by Dr. (Mrs.) Aruna Jaiswal, Associate Professor, Dept, of
D            Radiology, P.M.H.C. Patna.

             (2)   The 5th Lumbar vertebra was opened and examined and a
                   bullet was recovered from the body of vertebra which was
                   kept in a glass vial properly levelled, sealed and handed over
                   to constable no. 233 Dhaneshwar Yadav, P.S. Garkha with
E                  instruction to hand that over to the 1.0. Immediately."

          At the trial, the prosecution relied upon the evidence of the eye witnesses
    and other witnesses apart from the doctors who conducted the post mortem
    examinations and the police officers who conducted the investigation. The
F   witnesses examined by the prosecution are PWs 1, 3, 8 & 11 and PWs 4
    & 5. PWs I, 8 & 11 are the uncles of the deceased while PW-3 is a cousin
    of the deceased. PWs 4 & 5 are the aunts of the deceased being the wives
    of PWs 11 and 8 respectivesly. PW-6 the mother of the deceased does not
    claim to be an eye witness. It cannot be discharged that PWs I, 3, 4, 5, 8
    & 11 have consistently deposed in support of the case of the prosecution
G   and there is really no contradiction or infirmity in· their evidence worth
    noticing. However, it was contended before us ·by counsel for the appellants
    that the entire case is a concoction. The deceased was murdered at some
    other place at night and the occurrence was not witnessed by any one. Only
    later with the help of the police, a false case was concocted in which the
H   appellants and two others were falsely implicated. It was also submitted that
                 NIRMAL SINGH v. STATE [B.P. SINGH, J.]                          147

  the trial court acquitted two of the accused whose cases stood more or less            A
  on the same footing as that of appellant Ranjan Singh, inasmuch as though
  armed with a pistol, he had not fired at the deceased. The only charge against
  him is that he incited appellant Nirmal Singh to fire at the deceased, which
  according to learned counsel for the appellants was highly unlikely and only
  calculated to implicate appellant Nirmal Singh.                                        B

        The first submission urged by the counsel for the appellants is that
  though PW-11, an uncle of the deceased immediately after the occurrence
  went to the police station, he claims to have returned without lodging a
  report on the specious plea that his report was not recorded by the constable
  present in the police station and instead he was assured that the police officer       C
  will come to the village and record his statement. According to him, the
  earliest report never saw the light of the day. He also highlighted the
  statement of PW-11 in the course of his deposition that though he had
  narrated the incident to the constable at the police station, he had not named
  anyone. This indicated that the names of the assailants were not known to              D
  PW-11 at the time when he had come to the police station i.e. at about 9.00
  P.M. Obviously, therefore, he submitted, PW-11 was not an eye-witnesses.

        Learned counsel for the State, however, explained that PW-11 is a
  truthful witness who has given a straight forward version of what actually
  happened. He had rushed to the police station but since the constable did              E
  not record his report and stated that only the sub-inspector of police, who
  was not in the police station, will record the report after he returns, he came
  back. He submitted that there is nothing to doubt the statement of PW-11.

          We have perused the evidence on record and the least we can say is             F
    that the evidence in this regard is not very satisfactory. One fails to understand
    why the first information report could not be recorded by the constable who
    was the only police personnel present in the police station at that time. But
    there appears to be another serious infirmity. The police station diary
    discloses that PW-10 was present at the police station at 9.00 P.M. A
    suspicion, therefore, arises whether deliberately the report was not recorded,       G
    and the prosecution waited for the police to come to the place of occurrence
    and thereafter record a report in writing. PW-10 has offered no explanation
··- on this aspect of the matter, having regard to the documentary evidence
    produced by the prosecution itself. He, however, states that he returned to
    the police station at 1.00 A.M. Thereafter, it is not clear as to whether he         H
    148                   SUPREME COURT REPORTS (2004] SUPP. 6 S.C.R.

A   recorded the station diary entry on the basis of rumours which he had heard,
    or on the basis of statement made to him by the police constable in the police
    station to the effect that a murder had taken place in village Kudar Bagha.
    In the course of his deposition at one place he states that he recorded the
    station diary entry on the basis ofrumours, whereas at another place he states
B   that the matter was reported to him by the police constable in the police
    station. The diary entry no doubt supports the version that the report was
    recorded on the basis of rumours. Counsel submitted that this was only an
    effort on the part of the investigating officer to bring his case in line with
    the deposition of PW-11 who had stated that he had informed the police
    constable about the occurrence and, therefore, it was the police constable
C   who had informed the investig:iting officer PW- I 0 about the occurrence.

         We shail keep these facts in the background while we consider the
    other evidence on record.

D         The first information report fully corroborates PW-8 the informant,
    who is also an eye witnesses. It is consistent with the version given by PWs
    I, 4, 5, 8 & 11. The question is whether consistent evidence of so many eye
    witnesses must be discarded in the light of the suspicious circumstances
    pointed out by learned counsel for the appellants.

E         We have already dealt with the earliest information alleged to have
    given to the police by PW-I I. There is another aspect of the matter namely,
    the medical evidence on record which according to counsel for the appellants
    creates a serious doubt about the truthfulness of the prosecution case.
    According to him on the 15th March, 1997 itself at 12.00 noon, Dr. Gupta,
F   PW-13 conducted the first post mortem examination on the dead body of
    the deceased. He has stated in clear terms that the injury on the abdomen
    was caused by a sharp cutting weapon, meaning thereby that the deceased
    had not suffered a fire-arm injury. No doubt this does support the case of
    the defence, but we cannot ignore the other evidence on record. The informant
    it appears, made a grievance before the Chief Judicial Magistrate that the
G   post mortem examination was not fairly conducted and the report had been
    procured. The Chief Judicial Magistrate on being satisfied about the
    allegations directed a further post mortem examination to be held, which
    was to be conducted by a team of doctors. Accordingly, a team of 5 doctors
    including the civil surgeon Dr. Ganesh Mahto, PW-12 conducted the second
H   post mortem examination on 17th March, 1997 at 5.30 p.m. The finding of
             NIRMAL SINGH v. STATE [B.P. SINGH, J.]                     149

the post mortem board has been reproduced earlier in this judgment, from       A
which it appears that though they did not find any evidence of gun shot
injury, no definite opinion could be given on this aspect of the matter. The
board recommended that further investigation such as scanning etc. ought
to be done in the Department of Forensic Medicines and Toxicology, Patna
Medical College Hospital, Patna. It was pursuant to the recommendation of      B
the board of doctors that the body was sent to the Patna Medical College
Hospital, Patna. From the evidence of PW-9, Dr. R.N. Kumar, it appears that
X-ray reports disclosed the presence of a metallic substance and pursuant
thereto on further probing a bullet was found on opening of 5th Lumbar
vertebra. In the opinion of PW-9, the weapon used was a fire-arm and the
cause of death was shock and haemorrhage. Obviously, this opinion is based     c
on the finding that a bullet was found embedded in the 5th Lumbar vertebra
of the dead body of the deceased.

     It will thus be seen that the medical evidence does support the case of
the prosecution the deceased suffered a fire-arm injury and the evidence       D
which conclusively proved this fact was the recovery of a bullet from the
body of the deceased, which had got embedded in the 5th Lumbar vertebra
and therefore, could not be detected by the medical team in the hospital at
Chapra. With the aid of modern equipment the bullet was found in the body
of the deceased.
                                                                               E
      The report of the board of doctors who conducted the post mortem
examination is not inconsistent with the report of PW-9 who conducted the
post mortem in the Department of Forensic medicines and Toxicology,
Patna Medical College Hospital, Patna. They in fact, supplement each other.
The board of doctors had a suspicion that some thing may be found on           F
further detailed examination, and that suspicion was found to be justified
by the recovery of a bullet which was not visible to the naked eye since it
_was embedded in the 5th lumbar vertebra. We are, therefore, satisfied that
the medical evidence on record does support the case of the prosecution.

     It was then submitted that the prosecution has not examined any           G
forensic expert to prove that the injury was caused by a bullet or that the
bullet could have been fired from any of the weapons allegedly carried by
the appellants and their companions. The fact that a bullet was found
embedded in he vertebra of the deceased is by itself conclusive of tbe fact
that the deceased had suffered a fire-arm injury. The question as to whether   H
    150                   SUPREME COURT REPORTS [2004) SUPP. 6 S.C.R.

A   the said bullet was discharged from any of the weapons carried by the
    appellants is of no significance in the facts of the instant case since the
    weapons allegedly carried by the appellants were neither recorded nor
    seized. There was, therefore, no material on the basis of which the ballistic
    expert could have given his opinion as to whether the bullet had been
B   discharged from the weapons carried by the appellants.

          Counsel then submitted that the prosecution has failed to prove that
    the dalan of the deceased was the real place of occurrence. This submission
    is based on the fact that no blood stained earth was seized from the place
    of occurrence. It is true that no blood stained earth was seized from the place
C   of occurrence but there is also evidence of several witnesses including the
    investigating officer that no blood had fallen on the eart_h. Eye witnesses
    explained that on receiving the injury the deceased pressed his wound with
    his hands whereafter a piece of cloth was tied around the wound which
    soaked the blood which may have come out. There was, therefore, no
D   likelihood of the earth getting blood stained. Counsel for the appellants
    submitted that the intestines were protruding as described in the inquest
    report, and in such a situation there must have been some bleeding,. That
    may be so, but in view of the explanation offered by the prosecution
    witnesses it appears probable that no blood had fallen on the ground at the
    place of occurrence. In any event, if some blood had fallen at the place of
E   occurrence which the investigating officer failed to notice, that by itself will
    not be fatal to the case of the prosecution. We must observe that the
    investigation in this case has been most unsatisfactory and the investigating
    officer was not conscious of his responsibilities. The blood stained piece of
    cloth which was wrapped around the wound of the deceased appears to have
F    been seized by the investigating officer, but when questioned as to why it
    was not sent for chemical examination, he answered that he had hung that
    piece of cloth on a guava tree in the police station. The statement is comical
    but discloses the utter non-seriousness with which the investigation was
    conducted. We had expected better from the investigating officer who was
G   investigating a serious case of murder. However, for this reason we will not
    reject the case of the prosecution entirely.

         With these facts in the background, we have to consider whether the
    ocular testimony of Pws. 1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8 & 11 should be discarded. It is no ·
    doubt true that the eye witnesses are related to each other but that is to be
H   expected since the occurrence took place in the dalan of the house of the
              NIRMAL SINGH v. STATE [B.P. SINGH, J.]                        151

deceased. The evidence of the eye witnesses does not suffer from any               A
infirmity, and appears to be convicting. No significant contradiction or
infirmity has been brought to our notice.

     In these circumstances, we do not feel persuaded to discard the case
of the prosecution only on account of some infirmities which we have               B
noticed earlier. There appears to be no reason why so many eye witnesses
should falsely implicate the appellants, and there is in fact, nothing on record
to suggest that the witnesses had any reason to falsely implicate them.

     We are, therefore, satisfied that the courts below have not erred in
convicting the appellant Nirmal Singh under Section 302 IPC and Section            c
27 of the Arms Act.

     So far as the case of appellant Ranjan Singh is concerned, the allegation
against him is that he exhorted PW-I to fire at the deceased. It is not the
case of the prosecution that though carryin~ a weapon, he fired at anyone.         D
Moreover, if all the four accused had come determined to kill the deceased
and three of them were armed with country made pistols, there was no need
for appellant Ranjan Singh to exhort his companion to fire at the deceased.
Without casting any reflection on the evidence of they eye witnesses, and
only by way of abundant caution, we are inclined to extend the benefit of
doubt to appellant Ranjan Singh, @ Ranjan Singh appellant in Criminal              E
Appeal No. 171/2004.

      We are informed that appellant Ranjan Singh is in custody. He shall
be released forthwith unless required in connection with any other case. His
appeal is accordingly allowed.                                                     F
     The appeal preferred by the appellant Nirmal Singh is dismissed.

K.K.T.                                                      Appeal dismissed.