Arms Act, 1959

The case concerns the murder of Thakkan Yadav on 16 June 1991, for which eight accused were convicted by a trial court under IPC sections 302 and 149, the Arms Act and the Explosive Substances Act. The Patna High Court acquitted all eight, relying on alleged procedural lapses such as the victim’s transport to a distant…

Satbir Singh, an army serviceman, was stabbed and assaulted by Mukesh and several others during a volleyball match dispute. He filed an application under Section 319 of the CrPC to summon Rajesh Kumar, Neeraj, Sagar @ Bittoo and Ankit as additional accused. The Sessions Judge allowed the application, but the High Court…

The appellant, convicted in a TADA case based on a confession recorded by a police officer, was later charged in a separate proceeding for offences under the Indian Penal Code (IPC) and the Arms Act. The prosecution sought to introduce the earlier TADA confession as evidence in the IPC trial, but the trial court and th…

The petitioner, a well‑known cine artist, was convicted by a Special Judge under Sections 3 and 7 read with Sections 25(1A) and 25(1B) of the Arms Act and sentenced to six years’ rigorous imprisonment. While his appeal against the conviction was pending before the Supreme Court, he sought bail and filed several crimina…

The case involved Sadhu Singh and two accomplices who were convicted for the murder of Jagdev Singh after Sadhu Singh fired a shot while confronting the deceased on a tractor. The accused claimed the shooting was in exercise of the right of private defence under Sections 96‑106 of the IPC. The Supreme Court examined th…

On 7 March 2000 Vikas Kumar Singh was shot by Pappu Tiwari and subsequently stabbed by five others, resulting in his death. All six accused were convicted under IPC sections 302 and 34 and, in Pappu Tiwari's case, also under Section 27 of the Arms Act. The appellants challenged the convictions on several grounds, inclu…

Bhagwan Swaroop was charged with murder, attempt to murder, trespass and a violation of the Arms Act after he fired his father's licensed gun during a dispute over land. The father, Ramswaroop, was being beaten with a lathi by the complainant Shahjor Singh when Bhagwan, fearing for his father's life, shot the deceased …

The murder of environmental activist Amit Jethwa, who had filed a PIL against illegal mining near Gir Forest, led to the arrest of Dinubhai Boghabhai Solanki and his nephew. After a lackluster police investigation, the case was transferred to the CBI, which filed a charge‑sheet. During trial, 105 of 195 witnesses turne…

The petitioners, Satish and Vikky, were convicted of kidnapping for ransom and sentenced to life imprisonment. They applied for premature release on probation under Section 2 of the Uttar Pradesh Prisoners Release on Probation Act, 1938, but the State repeatedly rejected their pleas without applying the statutory three…

The case arose from a violent incident on Holi in 1993 where Satya Narain Singh and his son Ambika Singh, along with several others, threw stones at a house and Ambika Singh fired a gun, killing one person and injuring others. The trial court convicted the accused under Sections 302, 148, 149 of the Indian Penal Code a…

The appellant was convicted of murder (IPC s.302), misappropriation of property (IPC s.404), and unlawful possession and use of a firearm (Arms Act s.3, s.5) based largely on circumstantial evidence, including the last‑seen theory, forensic ballistics, and his subsequent abscondence. The Supreme Court examined whether …

The case arose from a violent incident on 12 January 2000 in which a group of accused intercepted a bus, entered it armed with firearms and indiscriminately shot eight passengers, later chasing two survivors to a house where they were also killed. The trial court convicted five of the accused under Section 302 read wit…

Ravinder Singh was convicted under the Terrorist and Disruptive Activities (Prevention) Act, 1987, the IPC, the Explosive Substances Act and the Arms Act for robbery, killing police officers and a train bomb blast that killed 12 and injured 65. The conviction rested on his voluntary confessional statement recorded unde…

The appellant, an army personnel, was convicted of murdering four persons and attempting to murder twelve others under IPC sections 302 and 307 and Arms Act sections 25 and 27. Prior to his arrest, a magistrate recorded statements of 27 witnesses under Section 299 of the Criminal Procedure Code (CPC). By the time of tr…

Jasminbhai Bharatbhai Kothari, convicted under IPC Section 302 read with Section 34 and the Arms Act, sought an extension of temporary bail, which the Gujarat High Court refused. While filing a Special Leave Petition (SLP) before the Supreme Court, he also filed an interlocutory application seeking exemption from surre…

The petitioners, who were witnesses to a 2016 Jat community agitation in Haryana that involved arson and loss of life, alleged that the trial in Jhajjar was compromised by the influence of a powerful advocate, threats to witnesses, and a biased prosecuting team. They filed a transfer petition under Article 139A(2) of t…

The appellant, the son of a murdered village sarpanch, sought to overturn a High Court order that granted bail to the 60‑year‑old second respondent accused of conspiring in his father's murder. The prosecution alleged that the respondent used multiple SIM cards to communicate with a hired shooter, stored the weapons us…

Ayub Khan was apprehended in Guna, Madhya Pradesh, possessing a country‑made barrel gun, two bullets and 50 grams of explosives without a licence. He was convicted under Section 25(1)(a) of the Arms Act, 1959 and the trial court sentenced him to one year of rigorous imprisonment with a fine of Rs.100, accounting for se…

The appellant, Mohammed Ajmal Mohammad Amir Kasab, was one of ten Pakistani terrorists who launched a coordinated attack on Mumbai on November 26, 2008, killing 166 people and injuring 238. He was convicted by the trial court on multiple charges including waging war against the Government of India, murder, and terroris…

The case involved the murder of Nand Karan, for which three appellants were convicted of conspiracy and murder based largely on confessional statements recorded while they were in police custody and the recovery of a scooter allegedly used in the crime. The appellants challenged the admissibility of those confessions u…

The appellant, Tarlochan Singh, was the licensed holder of a double‑barrel 12‑bore rifle that was used to murder Gurdeep Singh. The prosecution alleged that the appellant had delivered the firearm to co‑accused Gurpreet Singh, who then used it in the killing, leading to convictions under Sections 29 and 30 of the Arms …

The case concerns a police convoy ambushed by a land‑mine blast and subsequent gunfire, killing 22 people. Four members of Veerappan's gang (Simon, Gnana Prakash, Madhiah and Bilavendra) were convicted under the Terrorist and Disruptive Activities (Prevention) Act, IPC, the Explosive Substances Act and the Arms Act and…

The Supreme Court examined an appeal against a Patna High Court order that granted bail to two accused convicted of murder (IPC s.302) and illegal possession of arms (Arms Act s.27) without providing any reasons. The High Court had earlier rejected bail applications, later allowing the petitioners to renew the bail ple…

Five eminent citizens filed a writ petition under Article 32 on behalf of five human‑rights activists arrested in connection with the Bhima‑Koregaon violence. The petitioners alleged that the arrests were fabricated, that the police were using the media to prejudice public opinion, and sought a Special Investigating Te…

The appellant, an informant and prosecution witness, identified three persons named in the FIR but omitted from the charge‑sheet as assailants during his examination‑in‑chief. He moved an application under Section 319 of the CrPC to summon these persons, which the trial court allowed. The High Court, on revision, set a…

A dispute over water flow escalated into a roof‑side gunfight in which Lachman Singh, Dev Singh and Randhir Singh fired a revolver, killing Naib Singh and injuring several others. The trial court convicted all three under Section 302 IPC, Section 307 IPC with Section 34, and under the Arms Act. On appeal, the Supreme C…

The appellant, a senior IPS officer of Rajasthan, was arrested in connection with the alleged fake encounter killings of Sohrabuddin and his wife. The trial court granted him regular bail under Section 439 of the Cr.P.C., relying on the accused's clean service record and the alleged criminal antecedents of the victim. …

Surjit Singh, a serving soldier, was charged along with his brothers and two others for criminal trespass, murder of the village Sarpanch, and grievous hurt. He claimed an alibi, asserting he left the village at 4 p.m. on the day of the crime and was traveling by train to his unit, and also argued that there was confus…

The Supreme Court considered appeals by two police officers, an IPS officer and a Sub‑Inspector of the Anti‑Terrorist Squad, who had been in judicial custody for nearly seven years on charges of murder, conspiracy and related offences. Their bail applications had been rejected by the High Court of Bombay. The Court exa…

The appellant was convicted of murder under S.302 IPC for the killing of Ajmer Singh. The prosecution’s case rested on the testimony of the deceased’s elder brother (PW3), who was the sole eye‑witness examined in chief, while two other eye‑witnesses (PW4 and PW5) were tendered only for cross‑examination. The Supreme Co…

The appellant, Sudershan Singh Wazir, was arraigned as an accused in a murder case and was discharged by the Sessions Court on 20 October 2023 upon furnishing a personal bond. The State of Delhi filed a revision challenging the discharge and the Delhi High Court, ex‑parte, stayed the discharge order and later directed …

The State of Rajasthan prosecuted Ram Kailash alias Ram Vilas for shooting Mangla Ram, who later died from his injuries. The trial court convicted the accused under Section 302 IPC (murder) and sections of the Arms Act, imposing life imprisonment and additional terms. On appeal, the Rajasthan High Court reduced the mur…

The prosecution alleged that Musheer Khan (A‑4) and Basant Shiva (A‑5) were hired killers who shot the deceased Mallu Bhaiya at close range, based largely on circumstantial evidence and the testimony of two eyewitnesses, PW‑3 and PW‑4. The trial court convicted them of murder under IPC s.302/1208 and the Arms Act s.25(…

The appellant Bijoy Das was convicted under Section 302 IPC for shooting and causing the death of his step‑nephew Ajay Das, who died ten days after being wounded. While in hospital, the deceased gave a dying declaration to the attending doctor and to three witnesses, identifying the appellant as his assailant; his wife…

The appellants, including Ram Dular Rai, were convicted for murder, attempted murder and related offences after a night‑time assault on a household in which they fired on the son and daughter of the informant. The trial court identified four of the accused but noted that several other armed persons were present. On app…

The case involved two accused, Surendra Singh Rautela and Mohd. Anis, who were convicted for murder and related offences arising from a daylight shooting motivated by a ransom demand. The trial court relied on the testimony of a sole injured eyewitness, Ranjan Singh, which was corroborated by his relatives and medical …

The appellants conspired to rob Hazi Mohd. Yakub and, when he resisted, three of them stabbed him repeatedly with knives, causing his death and stealing cash and drafts. The trial court convicted them of culpable homicide not amounting to murder under Section 304 Part I IPC, but the Andhra Pradesh High Court altered th…

The victim Ramesh, who had political enmity with three accused (Mohan, Prahlad and Jagdish), was shot and died in June 1991. The trial court acquitted all three, finding the prosecution evidence insufficient. The High Court reversed the acquittal of Mohan and Prahlad, relying on the sole testimony of an eye‑witness (PW…

The State of Madhya Pradesh prosecuted nine accused for the death of Rajesh, who was shot in the left thigh during a dispute over cattle and crop damage. The trial court convicted all under sections 302/149, 325/149, 147, 148 and 440 IPC, but the High Court acquitted eight of them, retaining only a conviction of accuse…

Abdul Razak challenged a detention order issued under Section 3(1) of the Gujarat Prevention of Anti-Social Activities Act, 1985, claiming the grounds were vague, irrelevant and violated Article 22(5) of the Constitution. The petitioner's grounds listed seven criminal cases and alleged use of deadly weapons, but the Co…

The Supreme Court examined an appeal by the complainant, Ranbeer Singh, against the Allahabad High Court’s acquittal of three co‑accused (Balbir Singh, Karua and Vinod) who had been convicted for murder under Section 302 read with Section 34 of the IPC. The trial court had found all four accused – including the main sh…

The State of Gujarat appealed the acquittal of Anwar Osman Sumbhaniya and others by a Designated Court under the Terrorist and Disruptive Activities (Prevention) Act, 1987 (TADA). The appeal centered on whether the prior sanctions issued under Section 20‑A(2) of TADA for the 1993 and 2005 prosecutions were valid. The S…

During the night of 25-26 November 1987 a dacoity was allegedly committed in Samarpur village, during which several houses were robbed and a victim was shot dead. The victims identified the accused in electric light and the police recovered empty gun bores and ornaments, which were also identified by the owners. The Sp…

The case arose from an incident on 15 November 2004 where a Head Constable Jagdish Singh fired at a car suspected of smuggling liquor, killing the passenger. The trial court acquitted three constables – Surendra Singh, Surat Singh and Ashad Singh – on the ground that the prosecution failed to prove they shared a common…

Four persons, including Jugraj Singh, were accused of murdering former MLA Bachhitter Singh in December 1996. The trial court convicted all under Sections 302, 34 and related provisions, but the High Court acquitted three co‑accused while upholding Jugraj's conviction, relying on the recovery of a .12‑bore gun and fore…

Head Constable Surinder Singh entered the complainant's residential office while intoxicated, drew his service pistol, aimed it at the complainant and fired a shot that struck the ceiling. The prosecution proved the bullet was fired from his pistol and that he intended to kill, despite no motive being established. The …

The case involved six accused who were alleged to have fired on four persons, resulting in four deaths. The trial court acquitted Brahm Swaroop and Jagdish Baggar on the ground that the informant could not name their fathers and the weapon recovery was doubtful, while convicting the others. On appeal, the High Court re…

The State of Madhya Pradesh prosecuted Chhaakki Lal and his son Akhilesh for the murder of four persons, including a three‑year‑old child, based primarily on the testimony of the sole eye‑witness Kesar Bai (PW‑1). The trial court convicted them under Section 302 IPC and imposed death sentences, deeming the case "rarest…

The case involved 60 accused charged under TADA, the Arms Act and the Explosive Substances Act, of whom 11 were convicted by a Designated Court. The appellants contended that the FIR under TADA was registered without the mandatory prior approval of the District Superintendent of Police under s.20‑A(1) of TADA, renderin…

The case involves the murder of eight members of two families in Punjab over a land dispute, for which Bachhitar Singh and two co‑accused were convicted under IPC sections 302, 460 and the Arms Act. The sole eye‑witness, Joginder Singh (PW‑3), testified that he saw the accused entering the victims' house and heard guns…

Paramjit and Inderjit assaulted Rambhaj after he reprimanded Paramjit for indecent remarks, inflicting fatal knife wounds. The victim gave a dying declaration describing the assault, which was corroborated by an eyewitness (PW5) and medical evidence showing the injuries were sufficient to cause death. The trial court c…

R.K. Singh was detained under section 12(2) of the Bihar Control of Crimes Act, 1981 on the ground that he was an anti‑social element habitually committing offences under Chapters XVI and XVII of the Indian Penal Code. The detention order was based on several incidents, including a raid in which he opened fire on polic…

The Supreme Court examined a writ petition under Article 32 challenging the detention of Ajay Dixit under Section 3(2) of the National Security Act, 1980. The District Magistrate had listed six past criminal incidents as grounds, alleging that Dixit was likely to act prejudicially to public order. The Court held that t…

The petitioners, licensed manufacturers of firearms, challenged the Union of India's reduction of their monthly production quotas after the Arms Act, 1959 came into force. They argued that the curtailment caused hardship, was arbitrary, and that they were denied a fundamental right under Article 19(1)(g) to carry on th…

The case arose from a midnight assault on 26 May 2001 in which a group of accused entered the house of Bani Singh, armed with sharp weapons and a pistol, and attacked the occupants, resulting in Bani Singh’s death and injuries to four others. The prosecution relied primarily on the ocular testimony of two injured witne…

The case arose from a violent dispute over land where the accused forcibly entered a tube well, injured the complainant and migrant labourers, and threw a dead labourer’s body into a canal. The trial court convicted all accused under multiple IPC sections and the Arms Act; the High Court acquitted two co‑accused on the…

The State of Haryana appealed against the Punjab and Haryana High Court's order granting bail and suspending the life sentence of Hasmat, who had been convicted of murder (IPC s.302 r/w s.149) and related offences. Hasmat had applied under CrPC s.389 for suspension of sentence pending appeal, and the High Court relied …

Sanichar Sahni was convicted under Section 120‑B IPC for conspiring with his father and brother to murder Bhola Chaudhary. The co‑accused were charged only with murder and related offences, not with conspiracy. The appellant argued that the lack of a conspiracy charge against the co‑accused made his conviction illegal …

Deomuni Sharma was convicted by the trial court and the Jharkhand High Court for attempting murder under IPC section 307 read with sections 149, 147 and 148, and for an offence under section 27 of the Arms Act. The Supreme Court examined whether his act of firing a licensed rifle in the air, allegedly to scare aggresso…

The State of Gujarat appealed against the High Court’s order upholding the quashing of a magistrate’s permission to add Sections 364, 394 and 398 IPC to a charge‑sheet that had already been filed after investigation of an FIR under Section 154 CrPC. The dispute centered on whether a magistrate exercising jurisdiction u…

The appellants were convicted for the murder of Sarjug Rai under Section 302 read with Section 149 of the Indian Penal Code, alleging that they formed an unlawful assembly with a common object to kill the victim. The Supreme Court examined whether the prosecution had proved the essential ingredient of Section 149 – a c…

Manoj and Bijendra Singh, along with Ram Avatar, were convicted for voluntarily causing hurt with dangerous weapons under Section 324 IPC (originally under Section 307 IPC). The High Court altered the conviction to Section 324 IPC. The appellants sought to compound the offence with the complainant, Bahadur Singh, throu…

The petitioner, serving a life sentence for murder and a weapons offence, applied for premature release after 24 years of incarceration, claiming denial of remission and parole. The Remission Board rejected his applications twice, relying heavily on adverse opinions of the presiding judge, despite favorable reports fro…

The State of Rajasthan appealed against a Special Judge's order granting Rs.1,50,000 compensation to two accused persons, Jainudeen and Shabbir, who were acquitted under the NDNDPS Act after a forensic report, delayed by two years, showed no contraband. The trial judge had based the compensation on alleged malice and t…

Rahul Kumar Yadav was convicted under Sections 302 and 394 of the IPC and Section 27(2) of the Arms Act, receiving a death sentence which was later commuted to life imprisonment. He claimed that he was a juvenile at the time of the alleged offence (27 July 2011) and filed applications under Section 7‑A of the Juvenile …

Manjeet Singh and two companions were charged with murder (Sec. 302 IPC), attempted murder, and offences under the Arms Act after firing a carbine in a hotel hall, killing Rajnish (Rintu) and injuring others. The trial court convicted Singh under Sec. 302, Sec. 324 IPC and Sec. 27 of the Arms Act; the High Court affirm…

The appellant Pravin was convicted under IPC sections 395, 397 and 450 for a daylight bank dacoity, and under the Arms Act for possession of an unlicensed firearm. He challenged the conviction on the ground that the identification parade was a farce, photographs of the accused had been shown to witnesses, and the recov…

The appellant was charged under the UAPA and related statutes, and the trial court declared five prosecution witnesses as protected under Section 44 of the UAPA and Section 173(6) of the CrPC, sealing their statements. The appellant later sought, under Section 207 of the CrPC, redacted copies of those statements so tha…

Six accused, including Mubin and Amin, were alleged to have assaulted a person, stolen Rs.1.61 lakh and murdered a petrol pump owner. The trial court acquitted them of offences under Section 396 IPC and Sections 3 and 35 of the Arms Act. The State invoked Section 390 of the CrPC to have the High Court re‑arrest the acc…

The accused were charged under Sections 302 and 34 IPC and Section 27 of the Arms Act for the murder of Shivnandan Prasad. Eye‑witnesses identified Brijandan Prasad as the sole shooter, while the other four accused were alleged to have participated in brick‑batting but not in firing. The defence argued that discrepanci…

The appellant Joginder Singh was tried along with two others for murder, attempted murder and offences under the Arms Act arising from a land dispute that escalated into a shooting. The trial court acquitted all three accused, finding contradictions between eyewitness testimony, the ballistic report and the fact that t…

The appellant, Sita Ram, filed an FIR alleging that Balbir (respondent No.1), an ex‑MLA, led a mob of 30‑35 armed men to his shop over a donation dispute, resulting in the death of his brother‑in‑law and injuries to several others. The Additional Sessions Judge rejected Balbir’s bail application, but the High Court lat…

Harjit Singh filed an FIR alleging that his father was murdered by a group of accused, including Inderpreet Singh (respondent No.1), who was alleged to have orchestrated the conspiracy from jail using a mobile phone. The High Court granted bail to Inderpreet Singh, reasoning that he was not physically present at the cr…

The case involves an alleged honour killing where the victim, Vikash Panwar, was shot dead by three accused who were related to his live-in partner. The accused were charged under Sections 302 and 120B of the IPC and Sections 3, 25 and 27 of the Arms Act. The High Court of Rajasthan granted bail to all three accused in…

The appellant, Maghavendra Pratap Singh (Pankaj Singh), was convicted for the murder of businessman Goverdhan Aggarwal and related offences under Sections 302, 201, 120B of the IPC and the Arms Act, based largely on circumstantial evidence. The prosecution’s case lacked any eyewitnesses, direct forensic linkage, or rel…

The appellant Prem Singh was charged with shooting Preetam Pyare and his son, leading to the latter's death, under Section 307 IPC and Section 27 of the Arms Act. The trial court convicted him, and the Delhi High Court affirmed the conviction on the basis that the pistol recovered from the appellant matched the bullet …

The appellant was intercepted at New Delhi Railway Station with a loaded revolver and two passports – one Indian and one Pakistani – and was charged under Section 12 of the Passport Act, 1967 and Section 5 of the Terrorist and Disruptive Activities (Prevention) Act (TADA). The Supreme Court held that Section 12(1)(a) r…

Rai Singh was convicted for the murder of Smt. Parkashi, who was shot with a pistol inside her house in the early hours of January 30, 1987. The prosecution established that Singh had an illicit relationship with the deceased, and that he was present at the house on the night of the murder, where he fired the pistol af…

The State of West Bengal appealed the discharge of four licensed gun dealers who had handed firearms to an unlicensed mechanic for repair at his own workshop. The Supreme Court examined whether such hand‑over amounted to delivery of "possession" under Section 29(b) of the Arms Act, 1959, and whether it violated licence…

The case arose from a violent incident at a polling booth where the accused, belonging to another village, attacked a voter slip issuer and his brother, using lathis and pistols, causing injuries to several witnesses. The trial court convicted the accused of voluntarily causing hurt under Section 323 IPC and rioting un…

Sunder and Satbir Singh were convicted by a Designated Court under IPC sections 399 and 402 and Section 25 of the Arms Act for alleged theft and possession of knives. They appealed, arguing that the Court lacked jurisdiction because no TADA charge was framed and that the recovery of knives was not proved, as the key re…

The accused, alleged to be a contract killer and member of an organized crime gang, was arrested under Section 3(1) of the U.P. Gangster and Anti‑Social Activities (Prevention) Act, 1986 for the murder of Rajnarain Singh. The Allahabad High Court granted him bail on liberal terms despite his prior involvement in fiftee…

The appellant was part of a group that abducted Bhagvandas Sindhi and attempted to extort money; when the victim resisted, the appellant allegedly fired a revolver at him, causing a fatal head wound. The weapon and a bullet were later recovered, and a ballistic expert testified that the bullet was fired from the seized…

The petitioner was detained under the Gujarat Prevention of Anti-Social Activities Act, 1985 on the basis of several isolated incidents, including a 1993 shooting, alleged harbouring of an offender, assaults on a businessman and a witness, and possession of an unlicensed revolver. He challenged the detention order, arg…

The appellants, armed with bombs and guns, attacked the informant's nephews, hurling bombs that caused two deaths and injuries to others. The trial court convicted several accused under Sections 302 and 149 of the IPC, Sections 3 and 4 of the Explosive Substances Act and Section 27 of the Arms Act, sentencing two to de…

The case concerned the murder of Manmohan Ghosh in 1989, for which six relatives were charged, including Nimai Ghosh, Sonachand Ghosh and Sambal Ghosh. The trial court acquitted all accused, finding the eyewitness testimonies unreliable and noting the absence of the weapon and forensic evidence. The High Court reversed…

The case arose from FIR 205/2015 alleging murder, attempted murder and offences under the Arms Act in a land‑dispute incident, with Resham Chand Kaler, a British national, alleged to be the kingpin. The trial court rejected his bail application, but the Punjab & Haryana High Court later granted regular bail. The compla…

The case involved a murder arising from a rivalry between two village groups, leading to the death of Ramkumar. Five persons were tried; the trial court convicted all under Sections 148, 302 and 149 of the IPC, sentencing them to life imprisonment. The Rajasthan High Court acquitted three of the accused of the charges …

The case involved three brothers—Husna, Rupa and Jalour Singh—accused of house trespass, murder of Salish Kumar and illegal possession of arms. The FIR did not name the accused; they were later identified in a supplementary statement recorded by police during investigation. The Supreme Court held that such a supplement…

The case involves a brutal murder of Dr. Rajveer Singh, his sons, and his brother over a land dispute, for which six accused were tried. The trial court convicted them under various IPC sections and sentenced five of them to death. On appeal, the Allahabad High Court held that the case did not fall within the "rarest o…

The appellants, Anuj Singh and Manoj Singh, were involved in a land dispute with Kumar Nandan Singh, who was repairing a wall. During an altercation, the appellants approached the scene armed with firearms and fired at the informant, causing injuries to his left foot and right arm; other accused used spears and lathis.…

Om Prakash, a 23‑year‑old BSF constable, was convicted of murdering seven members of a rival family in a pre‑meditated attack stemming from a long‑standing land dispute. The trial court sentenced him to death, which the High Court upheld. On appeal, the Supreme Court examined whether the case qualified as a "rarest of …

The case arose from a violent clash between two rival families over a land dispute, which culminated in the murder of Gurdial Singh and injuries to several others. Eight persons, armed with guns and gandasas, assembled and attacked the victims; three of the accused died during trial, leaving five to stand trial. The tr…

The case arose from the murder of journalist Gauri Lankesh, investigated under the Karnataka Control of Organised Crimes Act, 2000 (KCOCA). The Commissioner of Police granted prior approval under Section 24(1)(a) to invoke Section 3 of KCOCA against several accused, including Mohan Nayak, based on material indicating o…

The case arose from a violent clash over disputed land in Jind, where several accused, armed with pistols, lathis and other weapons, assembled and attacked a group of persons, resulting in the death of Krishan and injuries to others. The trial court convicted the appellants under Sections 302, 307, 323, 324, 148, 449 I…

The case involved the murder of Chander Bhan, an election agent of a losing candidate, allegedly killed by supporters of the same candidate to frame the winning candidate in a false case. The prosecution relied on circumstantial evidence, including an extra‑judicial confession, forensic recovery of a gun and pellets, a…

Lt. Col. Prasad Shrikant Purohit, a serving Army officer, was accused of conspiring with others to plant a bomb in Malegaon in 2008, resulting in six deaths. The case was investigated first by the Anti‑Terrorist Squad (ATS) and later by the National Investigation Agency (NIA), leading to divergent charge‑sheets, with t…

Gurdial Singh, along with two others, was charged with murder under Section 302 IPC read with Section 34 and under Section 25 of the Arms Act. The prosecution alleged that the three accused fired at the victim, Ram Pal, causing his instantaneous death, and forensic evidence linked the appellant's unlicensed 12‑bore gun…

The petitioner, Ayub, was detained under Section 3(1) of the Gujarat Prevention of Anti-Social Activities Act, 1985 on grounds that he was a "bootlegger" and a "dangerous person" involved in several offences. The petition challenged the detention, arguing that the detaining authority had not applied its mind and that t…

Balbir Singh and Paljit Kaur were charged under Sections 3, 4, 5 and 6 of the Terrorist and Disruptive Activities (Prevention) Act, 1987 (TADA) and Sections 25 and 26 of the Arms Act, 1959 for offences alleged to have occurred on 5 December 1992. The Designated TADA Court, on 19 April 1997, held the proceedings non est…

The case concerns a pre‑planned terrorist attack on the police guarding the American Centre in Calcutta on 22 January 2002, which resulted in five police deaths and multiple injuries. The accused, including Md. Jamiludin Nasir and Aftab Ahmed Ansari, were convicted under the waging‑war provisions of the IPC and various…

Mukhtiar Ahmed Ansari was convicted under TADA (Sec. 5) and the Arms Act (Sec. 25(IB)) for allegedly possessing firearms and ammunition in a notified area after being arrested near Delhi's Bahai Temple in 1993. He had earlier been acquitted of the related kidnapping charge. On appeal, the Supreme Court examined whether…

Rajinder Singh was charged with murder under Section 302 IPC and illegal use of a pistol under Section 27 of the Arms Act for allegedly shooting Chamkaur Singh, who later died of injuries. The prosecution relied on two eye‑witnesses (Harbans Singh and Hakam Singh) and two dying declarations of the deceased, one recorde…

The Supreme Court reviewed a series of criminal appeals arising from the 1993 Bombay serial blasts, all tried under the Terrorist and Disruptive Activities (Prevention) Act, 1987 (TADA). The appeals concerned convictions for offences such as unauthorised possession of arms and explosives (s.3(3), s.5, s.6 TADA), conspi…

On March 12, 1993, a series of 12 bomb explosions occurred in Bombay, killing 257 people and injuring 713, with property damage worth Rs. 27 crores. The conspiracy was hatched by Tiger Memon and Dawood Ibrahim, with Yakub Abdul Razak Memon (A-1) playing a key role. The Designated Court convicted 100 accused, sentencing…

The Supreme Court of India disposed of multiple appeals arising from the 1993 Bombay serial bomb blasts, which killed 257 people and injured 713. The Designated Court under TADA had convicted numerous accused, sentencing most to life imprisonment. On appeal, the Supreme Court examined the evidence, including confession…

The Supreme Court of India delivered a consolidated judgment on multiple appeals arising from the 1993 Bombay serial blasts case under the Terrorist and Disruptive Activities (Prevention) Act, 1987 (TADA). The appeals challenged convictions and acquittals of various accused persons involved in the conspiracy, landing, …

The Supreme Court examined 19 appeals filed by the State of Maharashtra against acquittals in the 1993 Bombay serial bomb blast case, focusing on conspiracy charges under the Terrorist and Disruptive Activities (Prevention) Act (TADA) and the Indian Penal Code. It reiterated the limited circumstances in which an appell…

The Supreme Court examined a series of appeals arising from the Designated Court's judgments in the 1993 Bombay bomb blast case under the Terrorist and Disruptive Activities (Prevention) Act, 1987 (TADA). The Court held that confessional statements recorded under Section 15 of TADA are substantive evidence admissible a…

The appellant, Tahir, was arrested during a communal riot in Delhi while brandishing a country‑made pistol. The pistol was seized, and because the arrest occurred in an area notified under the Terrorist and Disruptive Activities (Prevention) Act, 1987 (TADA), he was charged under section 5 of TADA and convicted by the …

In 1993 a series of bomb blasts in Bombay led to the arrest of Abdul Hamid Haji Mohammed, during which six Chinese AK‑56 rifles and twelve magazines were recovered. The Designated Court under the Terrorist and Disruptive Activities (Prevention) Act (TADA) refused his bail, holding that the allegations attracted TADA pr…

The case arose from a land dispute in which the appellants, armed with deadly weapons, allegedly attacked the complainant party, resulting in the death of Virender Singh and injuries to several witnesses. The trial court convicted the appellants under Sections 302/34, 341/34 and 307/34 of the IPC and the High Court aff…

Four persons were tried before a Sessions Judge for murder and related offences; Mohinder Singh was convicted under Section 304 IPC and sentenced to seven years' rigorous imprisonment, while the other three were acquitted. The State appealed the acquittals and also appealed Mohinder Singh's acquittal under Section 302 …

Six persons, including appellants Sandeep and Narender, were convicted of murder, attempt to murder, rioting and other offences for the killings of Ranbir, Simla, Seema and a child, Rahul. The trial court sentenced the appellants to death and the others to life imprisonment; the High Court affirmed the death sentences.…

The case concerned a violent assault on 23 May 1985 in which six accused, armed with a double‑barrel gun, gandhalis, kirpans and gandasas, attacked two men (Harbhajan Singh and Baldev Singh) and injured a third witness (Suba Singh). The trial court convicted four of the accused and acquitted two; the Punjab and Haryana…

The Supreme Court examined an appeal against the grant of regular bail to the accused (Respondent No.1) in a murder case involving sections 109, 120B, 201, 302, 450 and 454 IPC. After the bail was granted, key witnesses – the mother, sister and father of the deceased – turned hostile within twenty days, raising concern…

Paras Ram was arrested on suspicion while carrying an unlicensed 12‑bore country‑made pistol. Although initially charged under Section 25 of the Arms Act, the case was transferred to a Designated Court under the Terrorist and Disruptive Activities (Prevention) Act, 1987 (TADA) and he was convicted under Section 5 of TA…

The Supreme Court examined two bail appeals arising from a 2020 FIR under the IPC, Arms Act and UAPA, involving accused no.11 (Saleem Khan) and accused no.20 (Mohd. Zaid). Both had been denied bail by the trial court, but the Karnataka High Court granted bail to Khan while refusing it to Zaid. The Court held that Khan'…

The case concerns the murder of Ajay Sharma, the nephew of Rangnath Sharma, by three accused who allegedly took the victim to a terrace, restrained him, and shot him with a pistol. The trial court convicted all three under Sections 302 read with 34 of the IPC and Section 27 of the Arms Act, but the Patna High Court acq…

The appellant was detained under the National Security Act, 1980 on 12 July 2017, and the District Magistrate reported the detention to the State Government only on 17 July 2017, a five‑day delay. The petitioner challenged the detention on the ground that the report was not made "forthwith" as required by Section 3(4) …

The appellant Abhishek Singh was charged under several IPC offences, the Arms Act and MCOCA after a proclamation declared him an absconder. The Additional Director General of Police and Commissioner of Police granted sanction for prosecution under MCOCA, which the appellant challenged before the High Court and then the…

The appellant Deepak Yadav filed an FIR alleging that the accused Harjeet Yadav (Respondent No.2) shot his father, leading to his death. The accused was arrested, and his bail application was rejected by the Sessions Court but later granted by the Allahabad High Court on the ground of parity with a co‑accused. The Supr…

The appellants Manoj, Rahul (Govind) and Neha Verma were convicted for the triple murder of three women during a robbery on 19 June 2011 and sentenced to death, which the High Court affirmed. The Supreme Court held that the trial and appellate courts failed to provide an effective sentencing hearing under s.235(2) CrPC…

The State prosecuted Vishwanath Maranna Shetty, accused No.9 in a Maharashtra Control of Organized Crime Act (MCOCA) case, alleging that he managed funds for an organised crime syndicate and abetted the murder of Farid Tanasha. The Special Court denied his bail application, but the Bombay High Court later granted bail.…

The appellant, Santosh @ Rajesh @ Gopal, was convicted for the murder of Narayan Singh based on the recovery of a pistol from his possession and a ballistic report linking the weapon to the fatal bullet. The prosecution’s case relied on a disclosure statement made by a co-accused, which led to the discovery of the pist…

The Supreme Court examined the murder of Kailash (Killu) on 5 March 1996, for which Rakesh, Rajesh and Dinesh were convicted under Section 302 IPC. The appellants challenged the conviction on two grounds: that the eye‑witness testimony of the victim’s nephew (PW‑11) conflicted with the post‑mortem estimate of time of d…

The appellant, Mohd. Anwar, was accused of robbing a motorist with two accomplices, using a knife and a revolver, and extorting Rs.30,000. The trial court convicted him of robbery with hurt and sentenced him to rigorous imprisonment, which the High Court reduced to two years under Section 394 IPC and added a conviction…

Umesh Kumar, a Delhi police constable, was granted a licence for a .315 bore rifle which was cancelled under Section 17(3) of the Arms Act on the ground that he was involved in a criminal case (FIR No. 254/1991) for offences under IPC sections 302, 307, 34 and Arms Act sections 25, 27, 54. He was suspended during trial…

The State of Maharashtra detained Mehamud under the Maharashtra Prevention of Dangerous Activities of Slumlords, Bootleggers and Drug Offenders Act, 1981, labeling him a "dangerous person" on the basis that he was involved in fourteen criminal cases and several pending offences under IPC Chapters XVI, XVII and the Arms…

The case arose from a 1990 kidnapping and murder of the Vice Chancellor of Kashmir University and his personal secretary, allegedly carried out by members of the JKSLF. The CBI charged several accused, including Mohd. Salim Zargar, under the Ranbir Penal Code and the now‑repealed TADA Act. The Special Court acquitted a…

The incident occurred on 11 March 1998 when the victim, Mohan Mehtar, was stopped by four accused; Bharat Singh beat him with a lathi, Balvir Singh and Bhav Singh held him, and Harnam Singh shot him at close range, causing instant death. The trial court convicted all four under sections 341, 302 and, for Harnam Singh, …

The appellant was seized at a hotel in a notified area under the Terrorist and Disruptive Activities (Prevention) Act, 1987 (TADA) after police, acting on prior information, recovered a country‑made revolver with two live cartridges and cash. The seized items were sealed, placed in safe custody and, after a 15‑day dela…

The Supreme Court examined the validity of confessions recorded under Section 15 of the Terrorist and Disruptive Activities (Prevention) Act, 1987 (TADA) in a murder‑conspiracy case. The appellants argued that their confessions were involuntary, obtained while in police custody, and later retracted, and that no corrobo…

The case arose from a shooting at a petrol pump in Jaunpur district where two sons of the complainant were killed. The trial court convicted three accused under sections 302, 307, 323, 342 IPC and sections 27, 30 of the Arms Act, but the Allahabad High Court acquitted them. On appeal, the Supreme Court examined the con…

The informant, Balmiki Singh, alleged that on 11 August 1992 he was shot by Ram Chander Singh and others, resulting in injuries to his chest. The FIR was lodged two days later on 13 August 1992, and the investigating officer was not examined during trial. The trial court convicted the accused under Section 307 read wit…

The appellants Ajeet Kumar Rai, Vinay Kumar Rai and Ashutosh Kumar Rai were convicted for the murder of Nanda Kumar Singh under Section 302 read with Section 34 of the IPC and for a violation of Section 27 of the Arms Act. The prosecution proved that the first two accused restrained the deceased, urged the third to fir…

The appellant, Mustak @ Kanio Ahmed Shaikh, was convicted for attempting to murder Dr. Jaydeep Patel by shooting him from a motorcycle he was driving, with his accomplice as the pillion rider. The prosecution proved the case through eye‑witness identification (the victim and his driver), a test identification parade, f…

The father of the deceased lodged an FIR after finding his son's body in a forest, alleging that the deceased had been with two friends. The trial court convicted the two accused under Sections 302, 34 and 201 of the IPC and Sections 4 and 25 of the Arms Act, relying mainly on the testimony of two chance witnesses who …

The case arose from the Lakhimpur Kheri incident on 3 October 2021, where the accused, Ashish Mishra, allegedly drove vehicles into a crowd of protesting farmers, resulting in multiple deaths. The accused was charged under several IPC sections (147, 148, 149, 302, 307, 326 r/w 34 and 120B) and Arms Act sections (3, 25,…

During his son’s wedding in Uttarakhand, the appellant fired a licensed gun towards the roof, causing pellets to strike five guests, two of whom died. The trial court convicted him under Sections 302 and 307 IPC and sentenced him to life imprisonment and five years’ rigorous imprisonment, respectively. On appeal, the S…

The appellant, a District and Sessions Judge of Rajasthan, was criticised by the Rajasthan High Court for not including a tabular chart of the accused's antecedents in a bail order, as directed in the Jugal Kishore case. The High Court deemed this non‑compliance as indiscipline and possibly contempt, ordering the judge…

The appellant, mother of the deceased Rupesh Kumar, filed two FIRs alleging that the respondent, Pappu Kumar, attempted to murder her son in 2017 and murdered him in 2020, also violating the Arms Act. The respondent was arrested after absconding for seven months and was denied bail by the Sessions Court, but the Patna …

The case concerns the murder of Satnam Singh in Ludhiana in 2002. Seven persons were charged; two (Charanjit Singh and Surjit Singh) were convicted under Section 302 IPC and Section 25 of the Arms Act, while five others were acquitted by the High Court. The State appealed the acquittals and the two convicted appealed t…

The appellant Rajinder Singh was convicted for the murder of Suraj Mal and Shri Ram and for violating Section 27 of the Arms Act after a violent altercation following a Holi celebration. The incident involved a quarrel between a juvenile and another party, after which the appellant allegedly fired his licensed double‑b…

The appellants, three constables, were convicted for murder, attempted murder and related offences arising from a violent incident on 24 December 1996. The prosecution's case relied on three eye‑witnesses, forensic reports and seized weapons, but the Supreme Court found serious deficiencies: the FIR was interpolated to…

The case involved the murder of Satinder Sekhon, for which A‑10 (Balkar Singh) was convicted under Sections 120B (conspiracy) and 302 read with 34 of the IPC, based largely on circumstantial evidence. The trial court and the Punjab & Haryana High Court upheld the conviction, while the accused argued that there was no m…

The State alleged that on 14 March 1997 four men, including appellants Nirmal Singh and Ranjan Singh, went to the deceased's house where Ranjan Singh allegedly urged Nirmal Singh to fire, resulting in a gunshot wound that killed the victim. The prosecution relied on the testimony of several eyewitnesses who were relati…

Eight accused were tried for murder, assault and illegal possession of arms after a violent clash in a Madhya Pradesh village. The trial court acquitted all, finding that the prosecution witnesses were unreliable and that the accused acted in private defence, especially since one accused (Prabhu) had sustained serious …

The appellant Brij Lal, a government employee, and his co‑accused Kashi Ram, armed with pistols, went to the residence of Mohan Ram where a crowd had gathered to prevent them from killing Mohan Lal. Brij Lal fired at the unarmed crowd, causing the deaths of Om Prakash, Sultan Bhat and Munni Devi, and injuries to others…

The appellant, Arshad Hussain, was convicted under Section 302 read with Section 34 of the IPC for the murder of Iqbal, based on the prosecution claim that he fired three shots from a 12‑bore gun after being prompted by his brothers, Mujaffar and Shahjad. The High Court acquitted the brothers on alibi grounds, but uphe…

The appellant, a taxi driver, was convicted along with two others for committing dacoity under Sections 395 and 397 of the IPC, as well as offences under the Arms Act and the Explosive Substances Act, after a gold jewellery workshop was looted and the perpetrators fled in two taxis. The trial court sentenced each accus…

Huidrom Shantikumar Singh was arrested for murder under Section 302 IPC and the Arms Act and, while already in custody, a District Magistrate ordered his detention under Section 3(2) of the National Security Act (NSA) on the basis that he might be released on bail in a similar case and could engage in activities prejud…

The appellant, a father, was convicted of murdering his son under Section 302 of the IPC and Sections 25 and 27 of the Arms Act. The central issue was whether the death was a homicide or a suicide, given the absence of a clear motive and reliance on circumstantial evidence. The Supreme Court examined forensic evidence,…

The appellant Hatti Singh was convicted under Sections 364, 302 and 120(1) read with Section 34 IPC and Section 25 of the Arms Act for the murder of the deceased whose body was recovered after 14 days. The conviction was based on the recovery of the deceased's belongings from the appellant, his confession leading to th…

The case concerned a mass murder on 25 August 1991 in which Vijay Singh was killed and Sanuj Singh injured; twelve men were charged under IPC sections 302, 149 and 307 and the Arms Act. The trial court convicted all accused, but on appeal the Supreme Court examined procedural lapses such as delay in lodging the FIR, de…

The petitioner, brother of a murder victim, sought transfer of the criminal trial from West Bengal to Assam, alleging bias, witness intimidation, and procedural irregularities including a state‑issued notification to withdraw prosecution. The High Court set aside the withdrawal order and directed the trial to continue,…

The petitioner was arrested in Punjab for alleged NDNDPS offences and was granted bail, which was later cancelled by the High Court after the National Investigation Agency (NIA) took over the investigation of related scheduled offences under the UAPA. The Central Government, invoking Section 6(5) and Section 8 of the N…

The accused, Mangusinh, was convicted by the trial court for murder of his wife and daughter under IPC s.302 and Arms Act s.25, based on a confessional FIR, a second FIR lodged by the victims' father (PW1), and the testimony of an alleged eye‑witness (PW4). The High Court acquitted him, holding that both FIRs were ante…

The petitioner, Mohd. Feroz Khan, was convicted of murder and sentenced to life imprisonment for a crime committed on 2 August 1999. He contended that he was 17 years old at the time of the offence and therefore fell within the ambit of the Juvenile Justice (Care and Protection of Children) Act, 2000. The Supreme Court…

Rajesh Ranjan Yadav, a four‑time Member of Parliament, was charged with a triple murder under IPC sections 302, 34 and 120B, and under Section 27 of the Arms Act. After being in judicial custody for more than six years, he repeatedly applied for bail, arguing that continued detention violated his fundamental right to l…

The appellants were stopped by police in Gujarat and found in possession of prohibited firearms, leading to an FIR under the Arms Act and a concurrent charge under the Terrorist and Disruptive Activities (Prevention) Act, 1987 (TADA). The prosecution sought to add a TADA offence after obtaining sanction from the Distri…

The case involved a police convoy ambushed by Veerappan's gang, resulting in seven deaths. Seven accused were convicted by a Special Designated Court under the TADA Act, IPC and Arms Act, largely on the testimony of two eyewitnesses and several confessional statements. On appeal, the Supreme Court held that the eyewitn…

The appellant, Sanjay Dutt, was charged under the Terrorist and Disruptive Activities (Prevention) Act, 1987 (TADA) and the Arms Act, 1959 for the Bombay bomb blast. His bail application was rejected by the Designated Court. Following the Supreme Court’s direction in Kartar Singh v. State of Punjab, Central and State R…

The Supreme Court examined the convictions of six accused in the 2002 Akshardham temple terrorist attack, which were based largely on confessional statements recorded under the Prevention of Terrorism Act (POTA), testimony of accomplices, and two Urdu letters allegedly recovered from the terrorists' pockets. The Court …

The appellant, Narendrasinh Keshubhai Zala, was convicted for murder under Sections 302 and 34 of the IPC and for offences under the Arms Act based primarily on the testimony of a single eyewitness, PW‑3, who claimed to have seen the shooting. The Supreme Court examined the credibility of PW‑3, noting inconsistencies, …

Vikash Tiwary, a life convict serving a sentence for multiple offences, was transferred by the Inspector General of Prisons from Hazaribagh Central Jail to Central Jail, Dumka on 17 May 2023 after the jail superintendent warned of a potential gang war and insufficient staff to control notorious inmates. The respondent …

Mehboob Dawood Shaikh was accused of instigating a mob assault and murder during a communal riot in Solapur. After being denied bail by the Sessions Judge, the Bombay High Court granted him bail. The State later moved an application under Section 439(2) of the CrPC to cancel the bail, alleging that Shaikh threatened a …

The deceased Jai Kishan was attacked and killed by Dharamvir and Sunil Kumar after a dispute involving a local eunuch. Rajesh, the brother of the deceased, witnessed the assault and later identified the accused, becoming the sole eye‑witness (PW5) whose testimony formed the basis of the prosecution case. The trial cour…

The case involved a double murder in 1994 for which ten persons were charged under several IPC sections. One accused, Chhote Singh, was elected MLA in 2007 and the trial court allowed his prosecution to be withdrawn under Section 321 CrPC, citing his good public image, while rejecting similar applications of the other …

The appellants were added as accused under Section 319 of the Code of Criminal Procedure in a murder trial and were later discharged by the trial court under Section 227. The High Court set aside the discharge, prompting a Supreme Court appeal. The Court examined whether a person summoned as an accused under Section 31…

The case arose from a violent altercation in the village of Walkewadi where the deceased Krishna and his son Bajirao, accompanied by family members, went to the fields armed with axes and sticks. The appellants, Dattu Shamrao Valke and Tanaji Shamrao Valke, also armed with a double‑barrel gun, axes and sticks, attacked…

The prosecution, in a trial for three accused under the IPC and Arms Act, sought to summon eight additional persons under Section 319 of the Code of Criminal Procedure based on a witness statement that eleven persons were involved. The trial court summoned only one of the eight and dismissed the rest; the High Court af…

The case involved Esher Singh and others who were accused of giving provocative speeches to promote a Khalistan movement and of conspiring to murder Joga Singh, the owner of several Sikh educational institutions. The Designated Court convicted Esher Singh under Section 4 of the Terrorist and Disruptive Activities (Prev…

The case involved the murder of four members of the Vijay Pal family and the grievous injury of Smt. Pinky (PW‑1) in Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh. The accused – Ajai alias Ajju, Braj Pal, Ravi and Mukesh – were convicted under IPC sections 302, 149 and 307 and under the Arms Act, with the trial court imposing death sentenc…

Lt. Col. Dharamvir Singh, an Indian Army officer, was posted in Nanded, Maharashtra when an attachment order dated 5 October 2018 was issued by the Army headquarters to initiate disciplinary action under Army Instruction 30/86. He challenged the attachment order through a writ petition under Article 226 before the Mani…

The case arose from a 2000 incident in which several accused were convicted of murder and related offences. The trial court framed charges alleging that the victim, Harpal Singh, was killed by bullet injuries from accused No.2, although the evidence showed he died from injuries inflicted by sharp weapons wielded by acc…

The case arose from a violent clash between two factions at a funeral in Perumanal village, where eleven accused attacked the complainant party, resulting in the death of the deceased (son of PW‑2). The trial court and the Madras High Court convicted all the accused under Section 302 IPC read with Section 149 IPC, invo…

The appellant Govind was convicted for murder under Section 302 IPC and for illegal possession of a firearm under Section 25 of the Arms Act based primarily on the recovery of a country‑made pistol and two live cartridges from an iron box in his house and a forensic report linking the cartridges to the bullets recovere…

The appellant Sandeep was convicted by the Sessions Court and affirmed by the High Court for murder under section 302 read with section 34 of the IPC, based on eyewitness testimony that he shot the deceased after being urged by co‑accused. He was acquitted of the Arms Act charges and the co‑accused were also acquitted …

The petitioners, led by Himanshu Kumar, alleged that police, Special Police Officers, Salwa Judum activists and paramilitary forces carried out brutal massacres of tribals in three Chhattisgarh villages in September and October 2009 and sought a mandamus directing the CBI to investigate and compensation for the victims…

The appellant, Dhananjay Rai, was convicted of murder, criminal conspiracy and illegal possession of arms and appealed the conviction before the Patna High Court. The appeal was admitted, but the appellant subsequently absconded, leading the High Court to dismiss the appeal on the ground of non‑prosecution. The Supreme…

The case arose from a violent dispute over a mango orchard where eleven accused formed an unlawful assembly and attacked the complainant and his two sons, resulting in their deaths. The trial court and High Court convicted all accused under sections 147, 148, 302, 149 IPC and section 27 of the Arms Act. On appeal, the …

The appellant, Daya Singh Lahoria (also known as Rajeev Sudan and Vinay Kumar), was convicted of offences under IPC sections 420, 468, 471 and 364A, as well as the Explosive Substances Act, and sentenced to seven years of imprisonment (concurrent) and life imprisonment for a kidnapping‑related offence. He had already s…

B.P. Patel, elected President of Anand Municipality, was arrested and placed in judicial custody for alleged offences under the IPC, Arms Act and Bombay Police Act. The Director of Municipalities suspended him under Section 40 of the Gujarat Municipalities Act, 1963, which provides for suspension if a municipal officer…

The appellant Birju was convicted for the murder of a one‑year‑old child, shot with a pistol after the child’s grandfather refused to give him money for liquor. The trial court and the High Court sentenced him to death, invoking his extensive criminal record as an aggravating factor. On appeal, the Supreme Court examin…

The case involved the murder and robbery of Premchand Jain and his family, for which three accused were initially convicted and sentenced to death. The High Court acquitted the accused, and the matter came before the Supreme Court on appeal by the complainant Ashish Jain and the State of Madhya Pradesh. The Court exami…

The appellant, Sandesh alias Sainath Kailash Abhang, entered a house pretending to be a mechanic, robbed valuables, brutally assaulted the elderly resident and a five‑month‑pregnant woman, inflicted numerous injuries, amputated fingers, and raped the pregnant woman before killing the elderly lady. He was found to be un…

The State of Uttarakhand appealed a High Court order acquitting Jairnail Singh of charges under IPC s.307 (attempt to murder) and Arms Act s.25(1‑A). The Session Court had convicted Singh, but the High Court set aside the conviction, citing material infirmities such as the failure to forensic‑test the recovered pistol,…

The appellants, Salim Shamsuddin Shaikh (A‑2) and Mohmed Rafiq Abdul Rahim Shaikh (A‑4), were convicted under Sections 25(1)(a) and 25(1AA) read with Section 35 of the Arms Act, 1959 for possession of prohibited ammunition found in a car owned by A‑2 and in a bungalow occupied by A‑4. The prosecution relied solely on t…

The appellant, Ashwani Kumar Saxena, was convicted of murder under IPC s.302 r.w. s.27 Arms Act and appealed, claiming he was a juvenile at the time of the offence (19‑Oct‑2008). He produced school mark‑sheets and the school admission register showing a birth date of 24‑Oct‑1990, while the trial court relied on ossific…

Sahib Singh was arrested on suspicion and a police search recovered a revolver with six live cartridges from his bag. He was convicted under Section 25 of the Arms Act, 1959 and Section 5 of the Terrorist and Disruptive Activities (Prevention) Act, 1987. On appeal, he argued that the prosecution failed to produce any i…

On 26 July 1986 the appellant Devinder allegedly attacked Ramphal with a knife, inflicting chest and abdominal injuries in the presence of two eyewitnesses. The victim was taken to a hospital, where a medico‑legal report recorded his details and the manner of injury but omitted the assailant's name; he died the followi…

The appellant, Ashok Dhankad, challenged a Delhi High Court order that granted regular bail to accused wrestler Sushil Kumar under Section 483 of the Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita, 2023, in connection with an FIR alleging abduction, assault with dangerous weapons, and the death of a complainant's son. The High Cou…

The State of Rajasthan charged Rajaram under Section 302 IPC and Section 27 of the Arms Act for the murder of five persons. The trial court convicted him, relying mainly on extra‑judicial confessions to two witnesses (PW‑3 and PW‑4) and on circumstantial evidence such as his presence at the scene, suspicious conduct, b…

Three naval personnel (AK Singh, UK Singh and DK Singh) were accused of a bank robbery at the Andhra Bank counter in INS Virbahu. The Court Martial convicted AK and UK, dismissing them with disgrace, while the Armed Forces Tribunal later affirmed their convictions based on eyewitness testimony of the bank manager (PW‑1…

The accused Mustkeem, Nandu and Arun were convicted for the murder of Ram Pal Yadav under IPC s.302/34 and the Arms Act based largely on circumstantial evidence, hostile eyewitnesses, and weapons recovered after the accused’s disclosure. The Supreme Court found that key witnesses had turned hostile, statements were ret…

The accused Mahtab Singh and his son were acquitted by the trial court of murder under s.302 r/w s.34 IPC and of an offence under the Arms Act, on the ground that the prosecution failed to prove its case beyond reasonable doubt. The High Court reversed the acquittal, relying on the testimony of two eye‑witnesses despit…

The appellant Vinod @ Nasmulla was convicted under IPC sections 395 and 397 and Arms Act section 25 for a dacoity involving a bus robbery on 28 September 1993. The prosecution's case rested on a dock identification by a police constable (PW‑9) and the alleged recovery of a country‑made pistol at the time of his arrest,…