RAM KUMARversusTHE STATE OF HARYANA

                          RAM KUMAR                                         A
                               v.
                     THE STATE OF HARYANA

                           OCTOBER 7, 1994

            [DR. A.S. ANAND AND FAIZAN UDDIN, JJ.]
                                                                            B

      Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973 : Sections 378 and 379.

      Appeal against acquittal-f'ower of High Court to reassess evidence--
Rule of prudence requires that High Court should give proper weight to Trial C
Court's view-But High Court can examine whether Trial Court's conclusions
are proper and justified or illegal and perverse-Where acquittal by Trial Court
was wholly unjustified and against the weight of evidence, reversal of same
by High· Court held justified.

      Section 154-FIR-'-Delay in filing of-Satisfactory explanation given by D
prosecution should be taken into account.

      Section 157-'-Delay in sending the report to the Magistrate-Where
delay has caused no prejudice to the accused, it is of no consequence.
                                                                            E
     Indian Penal Code, 1860 : Sections 302/34 and 307/34-Conviction
under-Validity of

      The appellant and the o\ber three co-accused namely N, H and S
were prosecuted under sections 302/34 and 307/34 of the Indian Penal
Code, 1860. According ta the prosecution the motive to commit crime was      F
to grab a piece of land which came under the cultivation of the com-
plainant, K, who was the daughter-in-law of the accused N. It was further
the case of the prosecution that on the date of occurrence i.e. on 23rd
December, 1983, K hired a tractor for ploughing her land and went to the
land alongwith her two minor sons. 0, who was working with her as a         G
labourer bad also gone with them while the tractor was driven by one M.
After ploughing the field when they were returning to the village in the
evening and when they reached the boundary of the field the complainant
K saw in the tractor light that the appellant and the co-accused were
standing there armed with pistols and guns. Thereafter N raised a lalkara
that be would teach the complainant a lesson for getting the land cultivated H
                                   335
    336                   SUPREME COURT REPORTS (1994) SUPP. 4 S.C.R.

A · by others. Saying so, he fired shot from a point blank distance at O who
    fell down from the tractor and died. Thereafter M took the tractor towards
    another field and left it there and they hid themselves in the cotton crops
    standing there when three shots were fired towards them but no one was
    hit. After a shorr··hile, they rushed towards the bus stand of the village
    but the accused N, Sand the appellant chased them and fired three shots
B
    at them. M was hit by a bullet and succumbed to injury on the spot. PW
    4, the minor son of K sustained a bullet injury at his left foot while K
    herself received the bullet injury on the left side of back of her chest as a
    result of which she fell down. Thereafter the accused persons ran away
    while K managed to get up and she alongwith her two sons went to a nearby
c   house of one C where she took shelter during the night. Next morning she
    hired a jeep and proceeded to Adampur Hospital where she and her
    injured son were medically examined. In response to the intimation sent
    by the doctor the Investigation Officer arrived at the hospital and recorded
    the statement of K on the basis of which First Information Report was
D   registered, inquest report was prepared and empty cartridges near the
    dead bodies were recovered. On evaluation of the entire evidence and the
    material on record the trial court held that prosecution had failed to bring
    home the guilt against any of the accused persons and accordingly ac·
    quitted them all from the offences they were charged with.

E          The Trial Judge rejected the FIR by holding that it was unduly
    delayed and ante-timed on the ground that though the maker of the report,
    K, did not know that 0 and M had died as she had made no enquiries as
    to what had happened to them after the firing and whether they were dead
    or alive, yet she stated in her reply that 0 and M had died. Further while
    taking shelter in the night in the house of C she did not ascertain the
F
    condition of 0 and M and had not established any contact with them
    before making the report yet she made a statement in her report that they
    were dead and this, according to the trial Judge, was indicative of the fact
    that the report was ante-timed.

G         The Trial Court also rejected the testimony of PWs 3 and 4, K and
    her son, mainly on the ground that these two eye-witnesses were not sure
    about their assailants because neither she herself nor through C in whose
    house she took shelter informed the Sarpanch of the Village same night
    about the occurrence that two persons have been killed nor sent any
H   information to the father of the deceased 0 whose house was nearby.
                  R. KUMAR v. STATE OFHARYANA                          337

       Against the jndgment and order of acquittal, State preferred an A
appeal before the High Conrt which maintained acquittal of co-accnsed H
and S but reversed and set aside the findings with regard to the co-accnsed
N and the appellant. The High Court after analysing the evidence and facts
and circumstances of the case rejected the reasoning given by the trial
court for discarding the testimony of two eye-witnesses viz. K and her B
minor son by taking the view that it was a winter night in which two
persons were killed and therefore, out of fear, nobody wonld have preferred
to risk his life to go out during night hours to inform the Sarpanch or the
father of the deceased 0 or any other villager particularly when the dispute
was between the father-in-law and the danghter-in-law. During the penden-
cy of the a11peal before the High Court, co-accused N died as a result of C
which appeal against him abated. Consequently, the appellant was con·
victed and sentenced under sections 302/34 and 307/34 of the IPC against
which be preferred appeal to this Court.

      In appeal to this Court it was contended on behalf of the appellant     D
that (i) the High Court erred in interfering with the order of acquittal
passed by the Trial Court merely becanse another view of an appraisal of
the evidence on record was possible; (ii) High Court has unreasonably
disturbed the finding of the Trial Court that the FIR was ante-timed; (iii)
the fact that the report of the occurrence was not sent to the Magistrate
forthwith in accordance with Section 157 of the Code of Criminal Proce-       E
dnre also casts a doubt on the FIR as to time and manner of occurrence;
and (iv) since the trial court found testimony of Kand her son contradic-
tory to each other and inconsistent with the medical evidence the High
Court committed a grave error in accepting their version as truthful in
basing the conviction of the ap)iellant.                                      F

      Dismissing the appeal, this Court

      HELD : 1. The powers of the High Court in an appeal from order of
acquittal to reassess the evidence arid reach its own conclusions under G
sections 378 and 379 Cr.P.C. are as extensive as in any appeal against the
order of conviction. But as a rule of prudence, it is desirable _that the High
Court should give proper weight and consideration to the view of the Trial
Court with regard to the credibility of the witness, the presumption of
innocence in favour of the accused, the right of the accused to the benefit
of any doubt and the slowness of appellate Court in justifying a finding of H
    3~                    SUPREME COURT REPORTS (1994] SUPP. 4 S.C.R.

A fact arrived at by a Judge who had the advantage of seeing the witness. No
    doubt it is settled law that if the main grounds on which the Court below
    has based its order acquitting the accused, are reasonable. and plausible,
    and the same cannot entirely and effectively be dislodged or demolished,
    the High Court should not disturb the order of acquittal.
                                                           [345-G-H, 346-A-B]
B
           2. In the facts and circumstances of the case it is absolutely clear that
    the findings recorded by the trial are against the weight of evidence on
    record and the same ·are perverse. The Trial Court was wholly unjustified
    and unreasonable in acquitting the accused-appellant. A close scrutiny of
    the evidence and the material on record reveals that the view taken by the
C   High Court is the only possible view and therefore, the High Court was fully
    justified in reversing the judgment and order of acquittal passed by the
    Session Judge and it rightly held the deceased accused N and the appellant
    responsible for the two deaths and an attempt on the life of K and her son.
    [352-E-F)
D
           3. The Trial Judge had fallen in serious error in rejecting the First
    Information Report by holding that it was unduly delayed and ante-timed.
    It is no doubt true that there was some delay in lodging the First Informa-
    tion Report. But this delay has been adequately explained by the prosecu-
    tion which has not been appreciated by the Trial Judge in right perspective.
E   In the circumstances of the case it could not have been expected from a
    widow, an injured lady, without risk to her life to proceed to Police Station
    in the dead of night and that too in the winter season to lodge the report.
    She was thus forced by the circumstances not to hazard to go and make the
    report same night in order to avoid the delay. The Trial Judge, totally
    oblivious of all the facts and circumstances which led to the delay in making
F   the First Information Report, took a very hyjier-technical and unrealistic
    view in l)olding that the delay was not explained ignoring the relevant
    reasons and attending circumstance by reason of which the report was
    delayed. The High Court took into consideration all the factors and rightly
    took a realistic view that the delay was sufficiently explained.
G                                                           [346-E-f-H, 347-A, DJ
           3.1. There was nothing unusual in the report in which K stated that
    0 and M both had died in the occurrence having received bullet injuries.
    The view taken by Trial Judge in this regard is absolutely unreasonable
    and devoid of logic and therefore, the High Court was justified in reversing
H   this finding. [348-A, 347-GI
       R.KUMARv. STATEOFHARYANA[FAIZANUDDIN,J.)                         339

      4. In the facts and circumstances it could not be said that the sending A
of the report to the Magistrate was unduly delayed. Even if it is assumed
that there was some delay, the appellant was unable to point out any
possible prejudice that may have been caused to him. [348-E]

      5. K and her son both sustained bullet injuries in the same occur-
rence and, therefore, their presence at the time of occurrence cannot be       B
doubted at all. Their presence is even accepted by four persons who were
examined as Court witnesses. In her statement K has given a graphic
picture and the sequence of events which took place in which 0 and M lost
their lives by gun shot injuries fired by deceased accused N and the
appellant as well as the bullet injuries sustained by her and her son at the   C
hands of deceased accused N and the appellant. Similar is the statement
made by her son, PW 4. Their evidence is consistent and corroborated by
the First Information Report and the medical evidence. Therefore, the view
taken by the High Court is the only reasonable view and the Trial Court
had fallen in serious error in rejecting the testimony of these two eye-wit-
nesses on Rimsy and trivial grounds. [349·1>-E, 350-C, 351-D]                  D
      CRIMINAL APPELLATE JURISDICTION : Criminal Appeal No.
32 of 1992.

     From the Judgment and Order dated 28.10.91 of the Punjab &                E
Haryana High Court in Crl. A. No. 418-DBA of 1986.

      Ganpat Ram and Prem Malhotra for the Appellant.

      KC. Bajaj for the Respondent.

      The Judgment of the Court was delivered by                               F
      FAIZAN UDDIN, J. 1. This is an appeal under Section 379 of the
Code of Criminal Procedure preferred by the appellant Ram Kumar
challenging the judgment and order of the High Court of Punjab &
Haryana passed in Criminal Appeal No. 418-DBA of 1986 convicting the G
appellant under Section 302/34 for causin!'. the murder of Mahinder and
sentencing him to life imprisonment as well as under Section 307134 for
attempt to commit murder of Kamla, PW 3 and her son Rajinder, PW 4
sentencing him to undergo rigorous imprisonment for three years on each
count directing all the sentences to run concurrently, after reversing the
judgment and order of the Session Judge, Hissar in Sessions Trial No. 80/48 H
    340                  SUPREME COURT REPORTS (1994] SUPP. 4 S.C.R.

A A/1985 decided on 7.1.1986 whereby the appellant and the other three
    co-accused namely, Nanu, Razari and Sandal were acquitted.

           2. The complainant Smt. Kamla, PW 3 was wedded to Ram Kumar,
    son of co-accused Nanu Ram (since deceased) about 14 years before the
    occurrence. The father of Nanu Ram owned and possessed 76 killas of land
B   which he had transferred in favour of his grand son Ram Kumar, the
    husband of Kamla. Ram Kumar executed a will in respect of 50 killas of
    land in favour of his parents in equal shares, the co- accused N anu being
    his father. The rest of 26 killas of land remained with Ram Kumar and on
    his death about four and a half years before the occurrence the said land
C   came under the cultivation of bis wife Smt. Kamla, the daughter-in-law of
    the co-accused Nanu Ram. During the life time of her husband Ram
    Kumar, Smt. Kamla started living separate from her in-laws alongwith her
    husband. She has two sons, namely Dharambir and Rajinder, PW 4 and
    two daughters. Smt. Kamla was cultivating land with the help of labourers
    and used to go out for household work against the wishes of her father-in-
D   law, Nanu Ram. Nanu Ram was a source of trouble to her and often
    created problems in her way in the cultivation of the land for which Kamla
    reported the matter to the Police as a result of which proceedings under
    Section 107/151 of the Code of Criminal Procedure were initiated against
    him and produce of land was given to Kamla. Thereafter the land had to
E   be left· uncultivated for one year. This according to the prosecution
    provided motive to commit the crime.

           3. On 23.12.83 Smt. Kamla, PW 3 hired a tractor of one Ram Prasad
    for ploughing her land and went to the land alongwith her two sons
    Dharambir aged 9112 years and Rajinder, PW4 aged about 8 years.
F   Deceased Om Prakash was working with her as a labourer who had also
    gone to the land alongwith them. The tractor was driven by the driver
    Mahender. After ploughing 2 killas of land it started becoming dark and,
    therefore, the ploughing was stopped at about 7.00 PM. While returning to
    the village Kamla alongwith her two sons named above sat on the left
G   mud-guard of the tractor while Om Prakash was sitting on the right
    mud-guard of the tractor driven by Mahender. When the tractor reached
    near the doul (boundary) of the land belonging to Kamla, she saw in tractor
    light the co-accused Nanu Ram (her father-in-law) and Santlal (who is the
    husband of daughter of Nanu Ram) armed with pistols and the appellant
    Ram Kumar (who is the brother of the wife of Nanu Ram) armed with gun.
H   Nanu Ram raised a lalkara that he would teach her a lesson in getting the
       R. KUMAR v. STATE OF HARYANA [FAIZAN UDDIN, J.)                 341

land cultivated with the help of other persons. Saying so N anu Ram from      A
a point blank distance fired a shot from his pistol at Om who fell down
from the tractor and died. The driver Mahender turned the tractor aside
with speed towards the field of one Mukha Harijan and then brought it to
a halt. Karola, her two sons and the driver Mahender got down from the
tractor and hid themselves in cotton crop standing in a nearby field. The
accused Nanu Ram and Santlal as well as the appellant Ram Kumar fired         B
three shots at them after they had gone into the hiding place but none of
them was hurt. After a shortwhile they rushed towards the bus stand of the
village Dhand to a distance of about 19-20 killas and the accused Nanu
Ram, Santlal and the appellant Ram Kumar chased them and again fired
three shots at them. One bullet hit the left side of the back of chest of     C
Karula, PW 3 as .a result of which she fell down. Mahinder was hit by a
bullet as a result of which he also fell down in a pit on the road side.
Rajinder, PW 4 the son of Kamla sustained a bullet injury on his left foot.
After a shor.twhile Karnla, PW 3 managed to get up and she alongwith her
two sons went to a nearby house of one Chhabila where she took shelter
during the night. Mahinder succumbed to his injuries on the spot.             D

       4. In the morning at about 8/8.30 AM Karnla, PW 3 hired a Jeep of
one Hazari and she along with her injured son Rajinder reached Civil
Hospital Adampur at about 9.45 AM where Dr. J.M. Gandhi, PW 2
examined Karnla and her son Rajinder on 24.12.83 at 10.30 AM and 11
AM respectively. Dr. Gandhi sent information Ext. PE to the Police            E
Station, Adampur at 10.15 AM on 24.12.83 stating that Karula and Rajinder
had fire arm injuries on their person. On receiving the information the AS!
Bhana Ram, PW6 alongwith some Constables reached the Civil Hospital,
Adampnr and recorded the statement Ext. PG of Kamla, PW 3 after
obtaining the opinion of the doctor the she was fit to make the statement.    F
AS! Bhana Ram collected medico legal reports to the injured witnesses
and alongwith the statement of PW 3 forwarded the same to the Police
Station, Adampur where FIR PG/2 was registered at 11.40 AM on 24.12.83.


     5. Thereafter AS! Bhana Ram proceeded to the place of occurrence G
and found the dead body of Mahender lying near the bus stand of village
Dhand. He prepared the inquest report Ext. PB/3 of the dead body of
Mahinder. He then proceeded towards the place where the dead body of
Om was lying and prepared the inquest report Ext. PA/3 of dee.eased Om.
He also picked up the blood stained earth from near the dead body of Om
and also two empty cartridges from the spot which were seized vide Ext. H
    342                     SUPREMECOURTREPORTS (1994)SUPP.4S.C.R.

A P-17 and P-18. The tractor standing at some distance from the dead body
    of Om was also seized. One empty cartridge lying near the dead body of
    Mahinder was also seized vide memo Ext. PM. After preparing the site
    plan the two dead bodies were sent for post-mortem examination.

          , 6. Dr. R.P. Shingal, PW 1 performed an autopsy on the dead body
B of Om on 24.12.83 at 11.30 AM and found the following injuries on bis
    person :-

             Lacerated wound lcm x lcm with inverted margins on the right
             parietal region. Blackening and scorching was present around the
c            wound alongwith tattooing. On dissection the doctor found a big
             haematoma on right and left parietal region of the skull in sub
             cntaneous tissues. On removing the haematoma fracture of right
             parietal bone, frontal bone and left parietal bone was found. On
             removing the vault of skull there was track from right parietal
             region of brain to opposite parietal region through the brain
D            matter. There was a fracture of left zygomatic and maxillary bone.
             A metallic piece was found in the sub-cutaneous tissue in left
             zygomatic region which was sealed.

    In the opinion of the doctor the time that elapsed between the injury and
E   death was instantaneous and the time between the death and post-mortem
    was within 48 hours. The cause of death was shock and hameorrhage as a
    result of injury described above which was ante-mortem in nature and
    sufficient in the ordinary course of nature to cause death.

           7. Doctor Shingal also performed an autopsy over the dead body of
F Mahinder on 25.12.83 at 12.30 PM and found the following injury :-

                Lacerated wound with inverted margins measuring lcm x J14cm on
                the back of left side of chest. Tatooing was present around the
                margins of the wound. No blackening and charring was found. On
                dissection the doctor found that the left pleura opposite the wound
G
                was torn, left pleural cavity was full of blood. There was laceration
                of the left lung. A metallic piece was found at site of fracture in
                second rib. In sub-cutaneous tissue there was sub-cutaneous
                haemotoms opposite site of fracture of rib on left side of the front
                of chest. The doctor also found a corresponding tear in the shirt
H               and jersy.
           R. KUMAR v. STAIBOFHARYANA(FAIZAN UDDIN,J.]                        343

    In the opinion of the doctor the time that elapsed between injury and death A
    was within a few minutes and between death and post-mortem 48 hours.
    The cause of death was shock and hemorrhage as a result of injury
    described above which was ante- mortem in nature and sufficient to cause
    death i11 the ordinary course of nature.

         8. On 24.12.83 at 10.30 AM Dr. J.M. Gandhi, PW 2 medically                  B
    examined Rajender, PW 4 and found the following injuries on his person:-

           1. Lacerated wound l.5cm x lcm x bone deep on the interior aspect
    of left foot, fresh bleeding and margins were inverted.

          2. A lacerated wound 2cm x 2cm x bone deep on the left foot near           C
    the heel with irregular margins, crushed tissues.

           3. A lacerated wound 2cm x 2cm x bone deep on the posterior aspect
    of left big toe just below the nail and fresh bleeding. These injuries were
    caused within 24 hours by firearm. All the injuries were simple in nature.       D
        9. On the same day Dr. Gandhi had examined Karnla, PW 3 at 11
    AM and found the following injury on her person :-

            "A lacerated wound 2cm x 2cm x cavity deep over chest back of
            left side, just below the lower and of scapula with irregular margins.   E
            The margins of the wound were inverted. There was also cor-
            responding hole over the sweater, shirt and banian with blood
            stains. There was a burn mark over the sweater in the hole."

    In the opinion of the doctor the probable duration of the injury was within
    24 hours caused by a firearm. After X-ray fracture of 8th rib was detected       F
    and foregin body was present on the left side chest.

           10. After the occurrence the accused persons could not be ap-
    prehended and it was only on 27.9.84 after about 9 months that the
1
    Inspector Om Prakash, DSP Kirpal Singh and AS! Krishan Chand ap-
    prehended the accused Nanu, the appellant Ram Kumar and Hazari while             G
    going to Bhatookala from Adampur. At the time of arrest the co-accused
    Nanu was carrying a 12 bore licensed gun seized as per Ext. P-20 with two
    cartridges Ext. P-21 and P- 22. The appellant Ram Kumar was carrying a
    pistolP-23 and 2.live cartridges Ext. P-24 andP-25, while acquitted accused
    Hazari was carrying a pistol Ext. P-26 and 3 live cartridges Exts. P-27, P-28    H
    344                   SUPREME COURT REPORTS [1994) SUPP. 4 S.C.R.

A   and P-29. After receiving the reports of the Ballistic Expert and Serologist
    charge sheet against the accused Nanu, the appellant Ram Kumar and
    Hazari was put up to stand the trial under Sections 302, 302/34 and 307/34
    of the Penal Code as well as under Section 25/27 of the Arms Act. Later
    on by an application dated 14.2.85 filed by the complainant Kamla, PW 3,
    4th accused Santlal was also summoned by the Sessions Judge by his order
B
    dated 28.2.85 to stand the trial alongwith the above named accused per-
    sons.

           11. At the trial the appellant as well as the other accused persons
    adjured their guilt and pleaded false implication. They also adduced
C   evidence in defence vide DW 1, Parmanand, DSP Fatehabad who had
    inspected the spot on 25.12.83 and L.A. Kumar, DW 2, Assistant Director
    Ballistics, F.S.L. Madhuban, Karna!.

          12. On 7.5.85 the Public Prosecutor gave up some of the prosecution
D witnesses including Pappu, Dalip, Ranbir and Sobania! as according to the
    prosecution they were won over. But after the close of the evidence when
    arguments were heard the learned Trial Judge found it expedient to
    examine the aforementioned persons given up by prosecution as according
    to the learned Trial Judge they were the eye witnesses to the incident and
    could throw light on the prosecution case and, therefore, Pappu, CW 1,
E   Dalip, CW 2, Ranbir, CW 3 and Sobania!, CW 4 were examined as Court
    witnesses. The appellants were again given an opportunity to adduce
    further evidence in defence and the accused persons examined Shri J.C.
    Sethi, DW 3, an advocate who had filed a criminal complaint on behalf of
    Ram Pratap, the father of deceased Mahinder against Harchand and
F   others under Sections 302/148, 149 and 304 of the Penal Code.

          13. On evaluation of the entire evidence and the material on record
    the learned Trial Judge acquitted the appellant as well as the three
    co-accused, namely, Nanu, Hazari Lal and Santlal holding that the state-
    ment Ext. PG said to have been made by Kamla, PW 3 in the hospital to
G   AS! Bhana Ram, PW 6 was ante-timed, there was unexplained delay of 32
    hours in sending the report to the Magistrate concerned, the inquest
    reports were also not prepared at the alleged time, AS! Bhana Ram, PW
    6 did not mention in the inquest reports the location of the empties found
    lying by the side of the dead bodies and that the deceased Om would not
H   have been fired from close range as deposed by Kamla, PW 3. On these
       R.KUMARv.STATEOFHARYANA[FAIZANUDDIN,J.]                        345

findings the learned Trial Judge took the view that the prosecution had A
failed to bring home the ~t against any of the accused persons including
the. appellant and, therefore, acquitted them· all from the offences they were
charged with.

       14. The State of Haryana preferred an appeal against the judgment B
and order of acquittal. The co-accused Nanu Ram died during the pen-
dency of the appeal before the High Court and, therefore, the appeal
against him abated. The High Court maintained the acquittal of the co-ac-
cused Hazari and Santlal but reversed and set aside the findings with
regard to the co-accused Nanu Ram and the appellant. The High Court
took the view that the co-accused deceased Nanu Ram was liable to be C
convicted under Sections 302 and 302/34 for causing death of Om and
Mahinder and also under Section 307/34 for causing injuries to Karnla and
Rajinder but since he died on 25.10.90 the appeal against him had abated.
The appellant Ram Kumar has been convicted under Section 302/34 of the
Penal. Code for causing the death of Om and, therefore, he has been D
sentenced to undergo life imprisonment and to pay a fine of Rs. 5000; in
default of payment of fine to undergo further rigorous imprisonment for
two years. The High Court has further directed that in case of recovery of
fine the same will be paid to the heirs of deceased Om. The appellant has
been further convicted under Section 307/34 of the Penal Code on two
counts for causing injuries to Kamla, PW 3 and her son Rajinder, PW 4 E
for which he has been sentenced to undergo rigorous imprisonment for
three years on each count. All the sentences had been directed to run
concurrently. It is against these convictions and sentences that the appel-
lant Ram Kumar has preferred this appeal before this Court.
                                                                            F
       15. Learned counsel for the appellant contended that the Trial Court
had recorded the order of acquittal of all the accused persons including
the appellant giving sound and cogent reasons for disbelieving the prosecu-
tion case and, therefore, the High Court should not have interfered with
the order of acquittal merely because another view on an appraisal of the
evidence on record was possible. In this connection it may be pointed out G
that the powers of the High Court in an appeal from order of acquittal to
reassess the evidence and reach its own conclusions under Sections 378
and 379 Cr.P.C. are as extensive as in any appeal against the order of
conviction. But as a rule of prudence, it is desirable that the High Court
should give proper weight and consideration to the view of the Trial Court H
    346                   SUPREME COURT REPORTS (1994] SUPP. 4 S.C.R.

A   with regard to the credibility of the witness, the presumption of innocence
    in favour of the accused, the right of the accused to the benefit of any doubt
    and the slowness of appellate Court in justifying a finding of fact arrived
    at by a Judge who had the advantage of seeing the witness. No doubt it is
    settled law that if the main grounds on which the Court below has based
B   its order acquittin~ the accused, are reasonable and plausible, and the same
    cannot entirely and effectively be dislodged or demolished, the High Court
    should not disturb the order of acquittal. We shall, therefore, examine the
    evidence and the material on record to see whether the conclusions
    recorded by the Trial Court in acquitting the appellant are reasonable and
    plausible or the same are vitiated by some manifest illegality or the con·
C   clusion recorded by the Trial Court are such which could not have been
    possibly arrived at by any Court acting reasonably and judiciously which
    may in other words be characterised as perverse.

           16. Learned counsel appearing for the appellant first contended that
D   the First Information Report Ext. PG/2 was ante-timed as held by the
    learned Trial Judge which demolishes the entire prosecution story but the
    said finding has been unreasonably disturbed by the High Court. We have
    perused the relevant evidence and the material on record in this· behalf and
    find that the learned Trial Judge had fallen in serious error in rejecting the
    First Information Report by holding that it was unduly delayed and ante·
E   timed. It is no doubt true that there was some delay in lodging the First
    Information Report. But it may be noted that the incident had occurred at
    about 7.30 PM on 23.12.83 and the report Ext. PG was made by Smt.
    Kamla, PW 3 next day i.e. 24.12.83 at 10.30 AM to AS! Bhana Ram, PW
    6 while she was in Civil Hospital, Adampur. But this delay has been
p   adequately explained by the prosecution which has not been appreciated
    by the learned Trial Judge in right perspective. As stated earlier the
    occurrence took place in the evening of 23.12.83 in the out-skirts of village
    Dhand and the Police Station, Adampur is at a distance of about 18 kms.
    from village Dhand. Admittedly the injured Smt. Kamla, PW 3 is a widow
     having four minor children one of whom was also injured in the occurrence.
G   After she and her son Rajinder, PW 4 received bullet injuries they saved
     their lives by taking shelter in the house of one Chhabila. There was no
     other major male member in her family except her two minor sons and the
     only male member in the family was the accused Nanu since deceased. Om
     who had gone with her for ploughing the land and Mahinder the driver of
H    the tractor, both were killed in the occurrence. In such circumstances it
        R.KUMAR.: STATEOFHARYANA[FAIZAN UDDIN,J.]                     347

 could not be expected from a widow and injured lady Kamla without risk A
 to her life to proceed to Police Station in the dead of night and that too
in the winter season to lodge the report. She was thus forced by the
circumstances not to hazard to go and make the report same night in order
to avoid the delay. Next morning, however, at about 8/8.30 AM she hired
the jeep and proceeded from the village alongwith her injured son B
Rajinder, PW 4 and the other son Dharambir and reached the Primary
Health Centre, Adampur at about 10.30 AM where Kamla, PW 3 and her
injured son Rajinder, PW 4 were medically examined by Dr. J.M. Gandhi,
PW 2 at 10.30 and 11 AM respectively. In response to the intimation sent
by Dr. Gandhi to the Station House Officer, Adampur, the AS! Bhana
Ram, PW 6 arrived at the Health Centre at about 10.30 AM on 24.12.83 C
and recorded the statement Ext. PG of Smt. Kalnl.a, PW 3 at 11.30 AM on
the basis of which First Information Report Ext. PG/2 was recorded in the
Police Station and offence was registered. The learned Trial Judge totally
oblivious of all these facts and circumstances which led to the delay in
making the First Information Report, took a very hyper-technical and D
unrealistic view in holding that the delay was not explained ignoring the
relevant reasons and attending circumstances by reason of which the report       ;;

was delayed. The High Court took into consideration all these factors and
took a realistic view that the delay was sufficiently explained and, in our
opinion rightly so.
                                                                             E
       17. The reasons which weighed with the learned Trial Judge in
holding that the report was ante-timed are that the maker of the report
Kamla, PW 3 did not know that Om and Mahinder had died as she made
no inquiries as to what had happened to them after the firing and whether
they were dead or alive yet she.stated in the report Ext. PG that Om and     F
Mahinder had died. The learned Trial Judge also observed. that while
taking shelter in the night in the house of Chhabila she did not ascertain
the condition of Om and Mahinder and had not established any contact
with them before making the report yet she made a statement in the report
that they were dead and this fact according to the learned Session Judge     G
was indicative of the fact that the report was ante-timed. In our opinion
the view taken by learned Session Judge is absolutely unreasonable and
devoid of logic and, therefore, the High Court was justified in reversing
this finding as well for the reason that Kamla had left the village Dhand
for the Primary Health Centre, Adampur at about 8.30 AM and by that
time it was known to all the villagers including Kamla that Om and           H
    348                   SUPREME COURT REPORTS [1994] SUPP. 4 S.C.R.

A · Mahinder had succumbed to their bullet injuries. There was, therefore
    nothing unusual in the report in which Karola stated that Om and
    Mahinder both had died in the occurrence having received bullet injuries.

           18. The learned counsel for the appellant then urged that the special
    report of the occurrence was not sent to the Magistrate concerned
B   forthwith in accordance with the provisions of Section 157 of the Code of
    Criminal Procedure which also cast a doubt on the First Information
    Report as to the time and manner of occurrence. In this connection it may
    be noted that the report was received by the Magistrate concerned at about
    2.30 AM on 25.12.83 which was sent through the Constable Satya Pal, PW
C   7. Satya Pal deposed that he first went to Fatehabad. He delivered the
    special report to the Superintendent of Police at 8.00 AM as Superinten-
    dent of Police was not available before 8.00 AM and, therefore, he had to
    wait till then. He then proceeded to Hissar from Fatehabad to deliver the
    report to the Magistrate concerned. When he reached Hisar he found the
D   house of Chief Judicial Magistrate locked. He then went to the Police
    Station, Sadar where he learnt that Mrs. Snehlata Sharma was the Duty
    Magistrate and, therefore, he reached her residence at 2.30 AM and
    delivered the report. Under these facts and circumstances it could not be
    said that the sending of the report was unduly delayed. Even if we assume
    that there was some delay it was on account of constable Satya Pal, PW 7.
E   The learned counsel appearing for the appellant was unable to point out
    any possible prejudice that may have been caused to the appellant par-
    ticularly when the statement of Karola was recorded at 10.30 AM and on
    the basis of which First Information Report was also reduced into writing
    at 11.30 AM on 24.12.83. The AS! Bhana Ram, PW 6 had reached the
F   place of occurrence and the inquest report of both the dead bodies were
    also prepared on 24.12.83 and seizure of incriminating articles were ef-
    fected.

          19. Learned counsel for the appellant next contended that the
    learned Trial Judge had rejected the evidence of Smt. Karola, PW 3 and
G   her son Rajinder, PW 4 having found the same contradictory to each other
    having concealed the true version from the Court and their testimony was
    inconsistent with the medical evidence and Ballestic Expert but the High
    Court committed a grave error in accepting their version as truthful in
    basing the convictions of the appellant. It was submitted that in fact it had
H   become dark at the time when the occurrence took place and there being
           R.Kl)MARv. STATEOFHARYANA[FAIZANUDDIN,J.]                          349

    no source of light it was not possible for the said witnesses to identify the    A
    assailants and they had falsely implicated the accused persons including
    the appellant. Learned counsel further urged that in any case there were
    independent witness who were withheld by the prosecution and who were
    ultimately examined as Court witnesses and thus prosecution preferred
    only to examine the partisan witnesses who had a clear motive to falsely         B
    implicate the appellant and, therefore, the Trial Court was justified in
    rejecting their. evidence. After giving a careful consideration to the submis-
    sions made by the learned counsel for the appellant and after making        a
    close and careful scrntiny of the evidence of Smt. Kamla, PW 3 and her
    son Rajinder, PW 4 besides other evidence available on record, we find
    that all the aforementioned submissions advanced by the learned counsel          C
    for the appellant are without any substance or merit.

           20. Smt. Kamla, PW 3 and Rajinder, PW 4 both sustained bullet.
    injuries in the same occurrence and, therefore, their presence at the time
    of occurrence cannot be doubted at all. Their presence is even accepted D
    by four persons who were examined as Court witnesses. Smt. Kamla, PW
•   3 in her statement has given a graphic picture and the sequence of events
    which took place in which Om and Mahinder. lost their lives by gun shot
    injuries fired by deceased accused Nanu and the appellant as well as the
    bullet injuries sustained by her and her son Rajinder at the hands of
    deceased accused Nanu and the appellant. She deposed that she had hired E
    the tractor of Ram Partap of village Dhand on 23.12.83 and went to the
    field alongwith the deceased Om and her two sons Rajinder and Dharam-
    bir to plough the land. The deceased Mahinder was driving the tractor.
    After ploughing the land they started going back home on the tractor at
    about 7n."30 PM. She herself and her two sons were seated. 011 the left F
    mud-guard of the tractor while deceased Om was seated on the right
    mud-guard of the tractor. When , they reached at the boundary of her field
    she saw in the tractor light the'deceased accused Nanu, the appellant Ram
    Kumar and the acquitted'accused Santlal standing there armed with pistols
    and gun. Nanu raised a lalkara that he would teach them a lesson for G
    getting the land cultivated by others. Nanu fired at Om who fell down from
    the tractor and then the tractor driver Mahindcr took the tractor towards
    the field of Mukha Harijan. There they left the tractor and all of them
    rushed for hiding themselves to save their lives. They all hid in the cotton
    crop when three shots were fired towards them but no one was hit. They
    then proceeded towards the village hiding themselves in the field and when H
    350                   SUPREME COURT REPORTS (1994] SUPP. 4 S.C.R.

A they reached near the Bus Stand Nanu and the other two accused, namely
    the appellant Ram Kumar and Santlal again raised a lalkara and all the
    three started firing. She received the bullet injury on the b;ick on the left
    side chest and fell down. She further deposed that Mahinder driver and
    her son Rajinder were also hit and thereafter the accused persons ran
B   away. She along with her two sons, Rajinder and Dharambir took shelter
    in the night in the house of one chhabila and then next morning proceeded
    on a jeep to the hospital, Adampur. Similar is the statement made by
    Rajinder, PW4. Their evidence is consistent and corroborated by the First
    Information Report and the medical evidence which has been discussed in
    the early part of this judgment.
c
          21. Smt. Kamla PW 3 deposed in cross-examination that the
    deceased Nanu had fired at Om from a distance of one hand and touching
    the barrel of his pistol with the head of Om. She further deposed that she
    herself and Mahinder were hit by bullet from a distance of about 1 or 2
D   karam only. She received the bullet injury on back on the left side and
    Mahinder was hit on the back. This statement finds complete corroboration
    from the medical evidence. Dr. Shingal PW 1 who performed autopsy of            ...
    dead body of Om found lacerated wound with inverted margins in the right
    parietal region. Blackening,. scorching and tattooing was also found around
    the wound which indicated that Om was shot at from a point Blank range
E   as deposed by Kamla. Similarly Dr. Shingal PW 1 also found lacerated
    wound with inverted margins on back of left side chest of deceased
    Mahinder with tattooing marks around the margins of wound. A mettalic
    piece was also found embedded in his second rib. Dr. Gandhi who ex-
    amined Kamla PW 3 found a lacerated wound on back of her left side chest
F   anrJ margins of wound were inverted. He also found foreign body em-
    bedded on her left side chest. The medical evidence thus fully corroborated
    the statement of Kamla PW 3. It may also be noticed here that the weapons
    of offence were not recovered and as such the evidence of Ballistic expert
    L.A. Kumar, Asstt. Director, Forensic Science Laboratory is not of any
    assistance in this case particularly in view of the fact that the weapons
G   which he examined were country made pistols which are non-standard
    weapons while in cross-examination he based his statement on standard
    weapons.

          22. It is clear from the evidence of PW 3 and PW 4 discussed above
H that they saw the appellant and the other two co-accused in the tractor
\
      .R.KUMARv.STATEOFHARYANA[FAIZANUDDIN,J.]                        351

light. Both these witnesses have stated that it was Mahinder who, was A
driving the tractor and not Dalip as asserted by the learned counsel for the
appellant. Learned Trial Judge rejected the evidence of these two eye-wit-
nesses PW 3 and PW 4 mainly on the ground that neither Smt. Kamla
herself nor through Chhabila informed the Sarpanch or Panch of the village
same night about the occurrence that two persons have been killed and B
they have been injured nor sent any intimation to the father of deceased
Om whose house was nearby. The learned Trial Judge on these reasonings
took the view that· in fact these two eye- witnesses were not sure about their
assailants and it was for this reason that they did not inform any one in the
village. The' High Court after analysing the evidence and facts and cir-
cumstances of the case rejected this reasoning by taking the View that it C
was a winter night in ·which two persons were killed in the village and,
therefore, out of fear nobody would have preferred to risk his life to go
out during night hours to inform the Panch, Sarpanch or father of deceased
Om or any· other villagers particularly when the dispute was between the
daughter-in-law and father-in-law. In our opinion the view taken by the D
High Court is the only reasonable view and the Trial Court had fallen in
serious error in rejecting the testimony of the two eye-witnesses PW 3 and
PW 4 on flimsy and trivial grounds.

      23. It may be pointed out that Pappu, Dalip, Ranbir and Sohanlal
besides other persons were also cited by the prosecution as witnesses to E
the incident but they were given up by the prosecution stating that they had
been won over by the accused persons, The learned Trial Judge, however,
preferred to examine these four persons as CW 1, CW 2, CW 3 and CW
4. Reading of their statement will go to show that they are not truthful
witnesses and, therefore, they were rightly given up by the prosecution on F
the ground that they were won over. Pappu, CW 1 while admitting the
presence of Kamla, PW 3 and her sons and also the presence of deceased
Om and Mahinder made a false statement that the tractor was driven by
Dalip. He deposed that he did not know as to who had fired the shots and
the reason for declining to make the correct statement is obvious. In G
cross-examination he admitted that he was cultivating the land of Nanu,
the deceased. Dalip who according to the defence was driving the tractor
was examined as CW 2 but interestingly enough he himself did not depose
that he was driving the tractor. On the contrary he admits the presence of
the deceased Mahinder and Om in the field of Kamla, PW 3. He deposed
that he was not aware of the fact as to who had fired shots as a result of H
    352                  SUPREME COURT REPORTS [1994) SUPP. 4 S.C.R.

A which Om and Mahinder died. He also stated that Ranbir, CW 3 and
    Sohanlal CW 4 were also cultivating the land of the deceased accused
    Nanu. Ranbir, CW 3 admits his presence at the place of occurrence as well
    as the presence of deceased Om and Mahinder but stated that he had not
    seen the assailants. He admitted that he was cultivating the land of the
    accused Nanu which he had obtained on lease from Panchayat. Similar is
B
    the statement of Sohanlal, CW 4.

          24. The accused persons had also examined Advocate Sethi as DW
    3 who had filed a criminal complaint in the Court of Magistrate, Hissar
    under Sections 302, 148, 149 and 104 of the Penal Code on behalf of Ram
C   Partap, the father of deceased Om. He admitted that he was engaged by
    the accused of the instant case. This complaint appears .to have been filed
    at the instance of the accnsed of the instant case against Harchand and
    others to show that they were not involved in the occurrence in question
    but Harchand and others were the persons responsible for the same.
D   Overall assessment of the evidence of all these CWs goes to show that they
    did not come forward with the true version of the incident and were out
    to help the deceased accused Nanu as they were closely associated and
    interested with him as they were cultivating his land. 1n the facts and
    circumstances discussed above it is absolutely clear that the findings
    recorded by the trial are against the weight of evidence on record and the
E   same are perverse. The learned Trial Judge was wholly unjustified and
    unreasonable in acquitting the accused appellant. After a close scrutiny of
    the evidence and the material on record discussed above we are of the firm
    opinion that the view taken by the High Court is the only possible view
    and, therefore, the High Court was fully justified in reversing the judgment
    and order of acquittal passed by the learned Session Judge and rightly held
F
    the deceased accused Nanu and the appellant responsible for the two
    deaths and an attempt on the life of PW 3 and PW 4.

         25. Consequently for the reasons stated above the appeal fails and is
    hereby dismissed.
G
    T.NA.                                                    Appeal dismissed.