RAMNIKLAL N. BHUTTA AND ANR.versusSTATE OF MAHARASHTRA AND ORS.

                RAMNIKLAL N. BHUTTA AND ANR.                                   A
                                     v.
               STATE OF MAHARASHTRA AND ORS.

                         NOVEMBER 19; 1996

       [B.P. JEEVAN REDDY AND K.S. PARIPOORNAN, JJ.]                           8
      Land Acquisition Act. 1894-ss 4, 6, 48-Notification under section
4 for two plots of land--Award only in respect of one Plot-Held. Unless
denotified under section 48-The Land Acquisition officer cannot decline
to pass award for the land notified-Under the circumstances acquisition
can not be quashed.                                                            C
      Constitution of India, 1950-Article 226, Grant ofStayllnjunction-
While granting stay the courts should keep larger public interest in mind-
Balance the public interest and individual interest-Lathces--Challenge
of the acquisition after a gap of long period-Affects adversely the interest   D
of the contesting party-Proves lack of diligence.

      By a notification dated November 29, 1979 under Section 4 of
the Land Acquisition Act 1894, the State of Maharashtra sought to
acquire two pieces of lands CTS No. 211 and CTS No. 218 for
constructing a bus stand for BEST. The land Acquisition Collector              E
gave an award in respect of CTS No. 211 only. The landowner filed a
writ petition on 10.11.1986 challenging the acquisition of CTS No.
211, interalia on the ground that as no award was made in respect of
CTS No. 218, the acquisition ofCTS No. 211 was liable to be quashed.
It was also challenged that the acquisition proceedings are vitiated by
malafides as the alleged public purpose mentioned in the notification          F
under section 4 is not real and is only a ruse to help the housing
society. The High Court dismissed the Writ Petition. The landowner
filed the present appeal. Dismissing the appeal, this Court

     HELD : I. The acquisition of CTS 211 is not liable to be quashed          G
on the ground that no award was made in respect of the other plot
CTS No. 218. The Land Acquisition Collector rightly did not pass
award with respect to CTS No. 218 on the basis of the private settlement
between BEST, Housing Society and the land owner which was arrived
at keeping in view the purpose of acquisition and interest of BEST.
The appellant did not dispute the purpose of acquisition, neither there        H
                                 787
    788                    SUPREME COURT REPORTS [1996] SUPP. 8 S.C.R.


A was any material to show that the purpose stated in the notification
    was not true or real. The only grievance of the appellant was that
    since the award had deleted CTS No. 218, the land in CTS No. 211
    should also be deleted. Moreover, the appellant did not challenge the
    acquisition from 1979 to 1986. Only after the award was passed, he
    chose to challenge the acquisition. (793-C-F, 792-AB)
B
         2. There is no adequate material on record to substantiate the
    plea of malafide on the part of the respondents. There is no material
    to hold that the acquisition notification was at the instances of the
    Housing Society, or the landowner. There is also no material to hold
    that BEST was. acting at the instance of the said persons or that there
C   was no real  or genuine need for a bus station there. The change of
    user has no relevance to the plea of malafide put forward by the
    appellant. (793-H, 794-A)

       3. There is enormous lack of diligence on the part of the appellant.
  The Writ Petition of the appellant was pending since 1986 till 1995.
D Even then, when it came for hearing, in 1995, adjournment was sought
  by the appellant only to further delay and protract the disposal of
  the petition. (794 B-C)

          4. Courts should keep the larger public interest in mind while
E exercising the power of granting stay/injunction. The power under
    Article 226 is discretionary. It should be exercised only in furtherance
    of interests of justice and not merely on the making out of a legal
    point. The courts have to weigh the public interest vis-a-vis the private
    interest while exercising the power under Article 226-indeed any of
    their discretionary powers. (794-H, 795-B)
F
        5. It may even be open to the High Court to direct, in case it
  finds finally that the acquisition was vitiated on account of non-
  compliance with some legal requirement that the interested persons
  shall also be entitled to a particular amount of damages to be awarded
G as a lumpsom or calculated at a certain percentage of compensation
  payable. There are many ways of affording appropriate relief and
  redressing a wrong:quashing the acquisition is not the only made of
  redress. To wit, it is ultimately a matter of balancing of competing
  interests. (795-BC(

H         CIVIL APPELLATE JURISDICTION: Civil Appeal No. 14605 of
         RAMNIKLAL N. UHUTIA ''·STATE OF MAHARASHTRA [B.P..JEEVAN REDDY,J.]   789


1996.                                                                               A
     From the Judgment and Order dated 16.11.95 of the Bombay High
Court in Notice of Motion No. 483/95 in W.P. No. 2987/86.

        P.P. Tripathi and Ms. Bina Gupta for the Appellants.
                                                                                    B
    T.R. Andhyarujina, Solicitor General P.H. Parekh, Ms. Godkar,
Sameer Parekh and G.B. Sathe for the Respodents.

     The Judgment of the Court was delivered by

     B.P. JEEVAN SEDDY, J. Leave granted.                                           c
      This appeal is preferred against the order of the Bombay High Court
dismissing the review petition filed by the appellant. The review petition
was filed by the appellant against the order dismissing his writ petition by
a Division Bench. The matter arises under the Land Acquisition Act, 1894.           D
      By a notification dated November 29, 1979 issued under Section 4
ofthe land Acquisition Act, 1894 [the Act], two pieces ofland were notified
for acquisition for a public purpose, to wit, "for Bombay Electric Supply
and Transport Undertaking for bus station". The two pieces ofland notified
are C.T.S. No. 218 admeasuring 1759 sq. mtrs. and C.T.S. No. 211 E
admeasuring 370 Sq. mtrs. The appellant claims to be the owner of C.T.S.
No. 211. The declaration under Section 6 was made on December 16,
1982. C.T.S. No. 218 belongs to a Church but there are others who claim
to have interest in the said land, viz., Vijayanand Singh and Gayatri Darshan
Cooperative Housing Society. The BEST entered into a settlement with F
the said two persons whereunder an extent of 906 sq. mtrs. was given on
a perpetual lease to BEST free of any charge, i.e., Re. 1 per annum. The
lease deed executed by the said two persons in favour of the Bombay
Municipal Corporation [representing BEST] is dated August 21, 1986.
The remaining portion was to be utilised by the said persons for their own
purposes including construction of a multi-storeyed complex for the G
employees of Bombay Municipal Corporation. Under the said settlement.•
the said two persons also agreed to construct a bus station, in the portion
leased out to BEST, at their own cost and hand it over to be BEST free of
cost. This settlement was brought to the notice of the Land Acquisition
Officer by the Additional Collector through his letter dated September 5,
1986. On September 18, 1986, the Land Acquisition Officer passed his H
    790                       SUPREME COURT REPORTS [1996] SUPP. 8 S.C.R.


A award wherein he referred to the aforesaid settlement brought to his notice
  and, on that basis, did not deal with or make any award of compensation
  with respect to C.T.S. No. 218. His award was confined only to C.T.S.
  No. 211. When the appellant came to know of the aforesaid facts, he
  addressed a letter to the authorities contending that exclusion of C.T.S.
  No. 218 from acquisition and passing the award only with respect to C. T.S.
B No. 211 was illegal, On November I 0, 1986, he filed a writ petition
  challenging acquisition of C.T.S. No. 211 on various grounds. The writ
  petition was summarily dismissed by a learned Single Judge by his order
  dated December 8, 1986 against which the appellant preferred a writ appeal/
  Letters Patent Appeal No. 1858of1986. The Letters Patent Appeal was allowed
  and the writ petition restored to file. It came up for hearing before a Division
C Bench on June 15, 1995. On that day, the advocate for the appellant asked for
  an adjournment and on that being declined, reported "no instructions". The
  writ petition was dismissed with costs. The appellant then filed a review petition
  contending that the statement by his counsel on June 15, I 995 that he had no
  instructions was a false one and that the advocate had not really contacted
  him. He requested that the writ petition may be heard on merits. The Division
D Bench heard the parties at length and dismissed the writ petition again. It
  opined that having regard to the fact that the acquisition notification was
  issued in 1979, that the writ petition has been pending in the High Court since
  1986 and more particularly, having regard to the purpose of acquisition, no
  interference was warranted under Article 226 of the Constitution. The Division
  Bench also went into the merits of the case and rejected both the contentions
E of the appellant on that score, viz., (1) that the public notice under Section
  4(1) of the Act was not served upon the appellant and (2) that the acquisition
  proceedings are vitiated by malafides. The plea of malafides put forward by
  the appellant was based upon the following facts: the promoters of the Gayatri
  Darshan Cooperative Housing Society had entered into an agreement on sale
  with Vijayanand Singh who claims to be the owner ofC.T.S. No. 218. The
F society was formed by the employees of the Bombay Municipal Corporation.
  The proljloters of the society wanted to purchase the appellant's plot with
  a view to obtain frontage on the road. The negotiations, however, failed
  whereupon with a view to derpive the appellant of his title and interest in
  C.T.S. No. 218, the promoters got the user of the said plot changed from
G "residential" to "BEST bus station" and again to "BEST bus station" and
  "fish market''. The said change ofuser in the development plan was approved
   by BEST and the Corporation contrary to law. As stated above, the High
  Court rejected the plea of malafides. The High Court also observed that
  one Misquitta claimed to be the owner of C.T.S. No. 211 and that he had
  also appeared,in the land acquisition proceedings whereas the appellant
H entered the pieture much later. It is not even clear, the High Court observed,
        RAMNIKLALN.BHUTIA 1'. STAIBOFMAHARASHTRA[B.P.JEEVANREDDY,J.]      791


whether the appellant had any interest in the said plot on the date of issuance   A
of notification under Section 4.

      Sri Parag Tripathi, learned counsel for the appellant, urged the
following contentions:

      (a) that once a notification under Section 4(1) of the Act was issued       B
with re$pect to C.T.S. No. 218 as well as C.T.S. No. 211, the Land
Acquisi\ion Officer was bound to pass an award with respect to both the
pieces o( land. He had no jurisdiction or authority not to pass the award in
respect ~fC.T.S. No. 218 on the ground of an alleged settlement reported
to him b\ the person for whose benefit it was being acquired. Until and
unless a qotification was issued under Section 48 of the Act, the Land            C
Acquisitio~ Officer had no option but to pass an award with respect to
both the lands notified. The illegality committed by the Land Acquisition
Officer in not passing an award with respect to C.T.S. No. 218 vitiates the
award as a whole it is liable to be struck down even y;ith respect to C.T.S.
No. 211.
                                                                                  D
       (b) The result of the alleged settlement between the BEST and the
two persons aforesaid (Vijayanand Singh and the Housing Society) is that
as against the total extent of 1759 sq. mtrs. in C.T.S. No. 218 notified for
acquisition, the BEST is satisfied with only 906 sq. mtrs. Together with
370 sq. mtrs. in C.T.S. No. 211, the BEST would be having approximately           E
1276 sq.mtrs. which is obviously sufficient for its purpose, viz., for
establishing the bus station. If an extent of 1320 sq.mtrs. is sufficient for
its purposes, there is no explanation why a larger extent of2129 sq.mtrs.
was notified for acquisition. It was not open to BEST [Bombay Municipal
Corporation] to give up a part of the land proposed to be acquired under
a private treaty with the persons interested. The very fact that part of the      F
land notified for acquisition for an alleged public purpose has been
surrendered to others including for the purpose of constructing a residential
complex for the employees of the Bombay Municipal Corporation shows
that the alleged public purpose mentioned in the notification under Section
4 is not real and is only a ruse to help the aforesaid housing society. The       G
plea of malafides has been erroneously rejected by the High Court.

      (c) The malafides of the BEST is also evident from the fact that it
has not yet got possession of even the 906 sq. mtrs. which it bargained
under the settlement. A good amount oflitigation has ensued and is pending
in that behalf. The church is disputing the settlement and no bus station         H
    792                     SUPREME COURT REPORTS [1996] SUPP. 8 S.C.R.


A has been established so far on the land. All this shows that entire proposal
    for acquisition has failed, mainly on account of the private settlement
    between BEST and the said two persons. Acquisition of C.T.S. No. 211
                                                                                   '
    with a small extent of 370 sq. mtrs. serves no purpose.

          On the other hand, Sri T.R. Andhyarujina, learned Solicitor General,
B supported the validity of the acquisition of C.T.S. No. 211, He submitted
  that the settlement was arrived at in good faith.and in the interests of the
  BEST which is evident from the fact that the BEST got ar. extent of 906
  sq.mtrs. free of cost on perpetual lease. In addition to that, it has also got
  a bus station to be constructed by the said two persons free of any cost to
  the BEST. It is true, the learned Solicitor General said that the proper
C course would have been to have a notification issued sunder Section 48 of
  the Act deleting C.T.S. No. 218 from acquisition but that was not done
  because of the constriction of time. The award had to be passed on or
  before September 23, 1986 and waiting for a notification under section 48
  would have meant dropping the acquisition proceedings altogether
  insasmuch as no award could have been passed after September 23, 1986
D by virtue of the provisions contained in Section 11 of the Act. It is for this
  reason that the award had to be and was passed on September 18, I 986.
  The learned Solicitor General further submitted that in the context of the
  above facts, the circumst;mce that the award passed by the Land Acquisition
  Officer does not pertain to C.T.S. No. 218 cannot constitute a ground for
  quashing the acquisition with respect to C.T.S. No. 211 so long as the
E public purpose behind its acquisition remained. The learned Solicitor
  General submitted that the plea of malafides is totally unacceptable and
   has rightly been rejected by the High Court.

         We are of the opinion that the straight-forward course for the Land
  Acquisition Officer and for the BEST [Bombay Municipal Corporation]
F was to press ahead with the acquisition proceedings even with respect to
  C.T.S. No. 218 and have it acquired according to law, along with C.T.S.
  No. 211. Instead of adopting the straight-forward course, the BEST entered
  into a settlement with the aforementioned Vijayanand Singh and the housing
  society-and that seems to have spawned a good amount oflitigation. It is
G said that some suit is still pending with respect to C.T.S. No. 218. May be
  or may not be. But one thing is clear: all this could have been avoided and
  the land could have been acquired for the BEST by pressing ahead with
  the land acquisition proceedings, in which case, the land would have vested
  in the government free of all claims and which could have in turn
  been vested in Bombay Municipal Corporation [BEST]. Not following
H this course has led to perhaps avoidable litigation though it is true, the
        RAMNIK LAL N. BHUTTA 1•. STATE OF MAHARASHTRA (B.P.JEEVAN REDDY,J.]   793


BEST claims to have obtained half the extent in C.T.S. No. 218 free of              A
cost in addition to the bus station. We presume that the settlement aforesaid
was entered into by Bombay Municipal Corporation/BEST in good faith
and with a view to advance the interests of BEST and that the error, if any,
is any error of judgment.

      Coming to the first contention of Sri Parag Tripathi, we agre~ with B
the proposition of law that once a notification under Section 4 and a
declaration under Section 6 of the Act is made, the Land Acquisition Officer
has no power to decline to pass the award in respect of the land (s) notified,
either pattly or wholly. Unless and until the land(s) are denotified under
and in accordance with Section 48, the Land Acquisition Officer has to
pass an award with respect to the lands notified. Sri Tripathi may also be C
right in saying that Land Acquisition Officer had no jurisdiction to take
notice of a private settlement and making it a basis for not passing the
award with respect to C.T.S. No. 218. But the question is whether it can
be said in the facts and circumstances of this case, that the acquisition of
C.T.S. No. 211 is liable to be quashed on the said ground. We think not.
We have already held that in the absence of any material to the contrary, D
we must assume that the said settlement was arrived at keeping in view the
best interests of BEST. Even the 906 sq.mtrs. of land obtained on perpetual
lease under the settlement is meant for being used for the purpose stated in
the notification under Section 4. There is also no material to show that the
purpose stated in the said notification is not true or real. The fact that
instead of 1759 sq. mtrs. BEST got only 906 sq.mtrs. under the settlement E
does not establish the absence of the need. It may well be a case ofadjusting
to the realities of the situation. In such a situation, it is difficult to say that
the acquisition of C.T.S. No. 211 is either unnecessary or that it is
incompetent in law. Holding to the contrary would neither be consistent
 with law nor with public interest. It should also be remembered in this
context that the appellant is not disputing the purpose of acquisition. His F
only contention is that since the award has "deleted" C.T.S. No. 218, the
land in C.T.S. No. 211 should also be deleted-an argument which we
have rejected. Indeed, he had not challenged the acquisition from 1979 to
 1986. Only after the award was passed, did he choose to challenge the
acquisition on the aforesaid grounds. Accordingly, we reject the first G
contention of Sri Tripathi.

      So far as the plea of malafides is concerned, we do not find any
adequate material to record a finding in favour of the appellant. There is
no material to hold that the acquisition notification was issued at the instance
of the aforementioned employees of the housing society or for that matter H
    794                      SUPREME COURT REPORTS [ 1996] SUPP. 8 S C.R.


A at the instance of Vijayanand Singh. There is no material to hold that the
    BEST was acting at the instance of the said persons or that there was no
    real or genuine need for a bus station there. We are also not able to say that
    the change of user has any relevance to the plea of malafides put forward
    by the appellant.

B       Lastly, we must also refer to the lack of diligence on the patt of the
  appellant. His writ petition was pending since 1986. It came up for hearing
  in 1995. His counsel asked for an adjournment which was declined
  whereupon the counsel stated that the appellant had taken away all the
  papers and has not given him any instructions in the matter. He reported
  "no instructions". The Division Bench was of the opinion that it was only
C a ploy to protract and delay the disposal of the writ petition. It dismissed
  the same. When a review petition was filed by the appellant with a certain
  explanation, the High Court refused to accept the said explanation. We
  cannot say that the High Court was not justified in doing so. Be that as it
  may, the High Court also went into the merits of the case though it was not
  obliged to do so in a review petition. On merits also, it found no case for
D the appellant. We too have come to the same conclusion.

         Before parting with this case, we think it necessary to make a few
  observations relevant to land acquisition proceedings. Our country is now
  launched upon an ambitious programme of all-round economic advancement
  to make our economy competitive in the world market. We are anxious to
E attract foreign direct investment to the maximum extent. We propose to
  compete with China economically. We wish to attain the pace of progress
  achieved by some of the Asian countries, referred to as "Asian tigers",
  e.g., South Korea, Taiwan and Singapore. It is, however, recognised on
  all hands that the infrastructure necessary for sustaining such a pace of
  progress is woefully lacking in our country. The means of transportation,
F power and communications are in dire need of substantial improvement,
  expansion and modernisation. These things very often call for acquisition
  of land and that too without any delay. It is, however, natural that in most
  of these cases, the persons affected challenge the acquisition proceedings
  in courts. These challenges are generally in the shape of writ petitions
G filed in High Courts. Invariably, stay of acquisition is asked for and in
  some cases, orders by way of say or injunction are also made. Whatever             ,,..
  may have been the practices in the past, a time has come where the courts
  should keep the larger pubiic interest in mind while exercising their power
  of granting stay/injunction. The power under Article 226 is discretionary.
  It will be exercised only in furtherance of interests of justice and not
H merely on the making out of a legal point. And in the matter of land
        RAMNll\l.AL N BJ1l1TTA 1· ~TA-IEOFMAHARASllTRA[B P 11:.EVANREDDY,J.J   795


acquisition for public purposes, the interests of justice and the public             A
interest coalesce. They are very often one and the same. Even in a civil
suit. grantin_g of injunction or other similar orders, more particularly of
an interlocutory nature, is equally discretionary. The courts have to weigh
the public interest vis-a-vis the private interest while exercising the power
under Article 226-indeed any of their discretionary powers. It may even
be open to the High Court to direct, in case it finds finally that the               B
acquisition was vitiated on account of non-compLiance with some legal
requirement that the persons interested shall also be entitled to a particular
amount of damages to be awarded as a lumpsum or calculated at a certain
percentage of compensation payable. There are many ways of affording
appropriate relief and redressing a wrong; quashing the acquisition
proceedings is not the only mode of redress. To wit, it is ultimately a              C
matter of balancing the competing interest. Beyond this, it is neither possible
nor advisable to say. We hope and trust that these considerations will be
duly borne in mind by the courts while dealing with challenges to acquisition
proceedings.

      The appeal fails and is dismissed. There shall, however, be no order           D·
as to costs.

H.K.                                                           Appeal dismissed.