Holding

A sale in the course of export is distinct from a sale within the state and is exempt from state sales tax, but a false declaration under Rule 27(2) attracts the proviso to Section 5(2)(A)(a)(ii), rendering the dealer liable for tax.

Summary

The State of Orissa appealed against Minerals and Metals Trading Corporation of India Ltd. (MMTC), a government dealer that purchased mineral ore in Orissa, declared the ore for resale within the state, and then sold it to a Japanese buyer by delivering it at Paradeep port for export. The Sales Tax Officer held MMTC liable for tax, finding a contravention of the declaration under Rule 27(2) and that the sale was taxable. The High Court held the sale was an export sale exempt under Article 286(1)(b) of the Constitution, but the Supreme Court reversed this, stating that a sale "in the course of export" is distinct from a sale within the state and cannot be taxed as a intra‑state sale. However, the Court found MMTC’s declaration to be false, attracting the proviso to Section 5(2)(A)(a)(ii) of the Orissa Sales Tax Act, making the company liable for tax. The appeals of the State were allowed in part, setting aside the High Court’s view on the nature of the sale but upholding the tax liability due to the false declaration.

Issues considered

The nature of the sale to the Japanese buyer: whether it constitutes a sale within Orissa or a sale in the course of export.
Whether the sale is exempt from Orissa sales tax under Article 286(1)(b) of the Constitution read with Section 5 of the Central Sales Tax Act.
Whether MMTC contravened the declaration made under Rule 27(2) of the Orissa Sales Tax Rules, thereby attracting the proviso to Section 5(2)(A)(a)(ii) of the Orissa Sales Tax Act.

Legislation cited

Central Sales Tax Act, 1956s. 1, s. 15, s. 5
Constitution of Indias. Article 286(1)(b)
Orissa Sales Tax Act, 1947s. 14-B, s. 2(g), s. 5(2)(A)(a)(ii)
Orissa Sales Tax Rules, 1947s. Rule 27(2)

Subjects

sales taxexport saledeclarationOrissa Sales Tax ActArticle 286inter‑state tradetaxable turnoverprovisocontravention

Judgment

A STATE OF ORISSA
v..
MINERALS AND METALS TRADING CORPORATION
OF INDIA LTD.

JULY 18, 1994
B
[KULDIP SINGH AND DR. AS. ANAND, JJ.]

Sales Tax-Orissa Sales Tax Act, 1947-Secs. 5(2){a)(ii) and 2(gj--
Orissa Sales Tax Rules, 1947-fl.ule 27(2}-Delivery of goods at a port within
C the State of Orissa-Whether amounts to 'sale' within the State of Orissa.

Constitution of India-Article 286(1) (b )-fl.estriction on imposition of
tax on the sale of goods in the course of export out of India-Whether
attracted.

D Words and phrases-J'Export Sale''-Meaning of

The respondent-assessee, Minerals and Metals Trading Corporation
of India Ltd., a Government company registered as a dealer under the
Orissa Sales Tax Act, 1947 purchased mineral ore from mine-owners who
too were registered dealer under the Act. While purchasing the goods the
E
assessee submitted a declaration under Orissa Sales Tax Rules, 1947 to
the effect that the said mineral ore was to be re-sold within the State of
Orissa and thus avoided the payment of sales tax. The assessee sold the
mineral ore to a Japanese buyer under a pre-existing contract by delivering
the goods at the port of Paradeep in Orissa for transportation out of India.
F
The Sales Tax Officer found the sale in contravention of the decla·
ration, added the amount of the relevant sales to the taxable turnover and
issued a demand for payment of the tax. The respondent argued that as
the goods were being resold in Orissa and the transaction with the
G Japanese buyers was sale in the course of export no tax was due. The
Tribunal agreed with the first contention but rejected the second and
found the respondent liable to pay tax.

The High Court, in its opinion, concluded that the sale to the
Japanese buyers was effected within the State of Orissa and since the sale
H was In the course of export it was not exigible to Orissa sales tax by virtue
762
STATE OF ORISSA v. MINERAL & METALS TRADING 763

of Art. 286(l)(b) of the Constitution read with Section 5 of Central Sales A
Tax Act.

Allowing the appeal, this Conrt

HELD : 1.1. The sale effected by the assessee in favour of the
Japanese buyers was sale in the course of export of goods out of the B
territory of India and not exigible to sales tax. [765-B]

1.2. A sale "in the course of the export of the goods" and "a sale within
the State of Orissa were two distinct events. A sale "in the course of the
export of the goods' could not be a sale within the State of Orissa. The
assessee entered into contracts with the Japanese buyers for "export sale" C
of the mineral ore. An "export sale" had an entirely different legal concept.
In the ''export sale" the "sale" and the "export" were so interwined and
intermixed that both began and ended together. The various clauses of the
contract entered into by the assessee and the Japanese buyers were wholly
irrelevant and of no consequence. Even if on the construction of the D
contract of "export sale" the sale part of it was completed within the state
it would still not be considered as legally complete because till the time the
'sale" and the 'export' both were completed none could not be taken to be
complete. It was inherent in the concept of "export sale" that both the "sale"
and the "export" be completed when the goods were appropriated by the E
foreign buyer. [770-F, G, HJ

1.3. The delivery of the goods at the Paradeep Port was in discharge
of the obligation under the contract on the part of the exporter-assessee
and formed but a single transaction. It was not a second 'sale" to the
foreign buyer in the State of Orissa. The effort to confuse the delivery of p
goods at Paradeep Port for transportation to the destination of the foreign
buyer with a 'sale" at Paradeep Port was a futile attempt to wriggle out of
the mis-declaration. [772-F]

1.4. The sale by the respondent-assess'ee was in contravention of the
declaration given under Rule 27(2) of the Orissa Sales Tax Rule and G
attracted the proviso to Section 5(2)A(a) (ii) of the Orissa Sales Tax Act.
[773-A]
Md. Serajuddin v. State of Orissa, [1975] 2 SCC 47; State of Travan-
core-Cochin v. Bombay Co. Ltd., [1952] SCR 1112 and Coffee Board.
Bangalore v.Joint Commercial Tax Officer, Madras, [1970] 3SCR147, relied H
764 SUPREME COURT REPORTS [1994] SUPP. 1 S.C.R.
I
A on.
CIVIL APPELLATE JURISDICTION: Civil Appeals Nos. 1811-
1815 (NT) of 1977 etc. etc.

From the Judgment and Order dated 11.5.76 of the Orissa High
B Court in Special Jurisdiction Cases Nos. 90-94 of 1970-71.

B.A. Mohanty, Ms. Meena Chakraboraty and R.K. Mehta for the
Appellants.

Harish N. Salve, Ms. Meenakshi Grover and S.R. Grover for the
C Respondents.

The Judgment and Order of the Court was delivered by

KULDIP SINGH, J. Tne Sales Tax Tribunal, Orissa referred the
following question under Section 24(1) of the Orissa Sales tax Act 1947
D (the Act) for the opinion of the High Court of Orissa, Cuttack :-

"(1) Whether on the facts and in the circumstances of the case, the
Tribunal is correct in holding that there has been no contravention
of the declaration given under Rules 27(2) of the Orissa Sales Tax
Rules thus attracting the proviso to section 5(2)(A)(a)(ii) of the
E Orissa Sales Tax Act?

(2) Whether in the facts and circumstances of the case, the
learned Tribunal having held that there was no contravention of
section 5(2)(A)(a)(ii) of the Act acted within its jurisdiction in
remanding the appeal?
F
(3) Whether in the facts and circumstances of the case, the sale
by the petitioner-Company to the Japanese Buyer comes within
the ambit and scope of Article 286(1) (b) of the Constitution of
India read with section 5 of the Central Sales Tax Act?"
G
A three Judge-Bench of the High Court by its judgment dated May
11, 1976 answered the questions as under : -

"(l) on the facts and in the circumstances of the case, the Tribunal
was correct in holding that there was no contravention of the
H declarations given under Rule 27(2) of the Orissa Sales Tax Rules
SfATEOFOIUSSA v. MINERAL&MEIALSTRADING (KULDIPSINGH,J.) 765

and, therefore, the proviso to section 5(2)(A) (a)(ii) of the Orissa A
Sales Tax Act was not attracted.

(2) In the fact and circumstances of the case, the sales by the
assessee to the Japanese buyer are covered by the embargo under
Article 286(1)(b) of the Constitution of India read with section 5
of the Central Sales Tax Act and, therefore, are not exigible to B
sales-tax under the Orissa Act.

The remaining question, in view of what we have already stated,
does not survive for answer."

These appeals by the State of Orissa are against, the full Bench C
judgment of the High Court.

The Minerals and Metals Trading Corporation of India Limited,
respondent in the appeals herein, is a government company within the
meaning of Section 617 of the Companies Act, 1956. The respondent-as- D
sessee is registered as a dealer under the Act. During the years 1966-67,
1967-68 and the quarters ending June, September and December 1968, the
respondent purchased mineral ores from the mine owners, who were
registered dealers under the Act. While purchasing mineral ores from the
mine owners the respondent gave declarations in terms of Rule 27 of th'
Orissa Sales Tax Rules, 1947 (the Rules) to the effect that the said min era! .E
Ores would be resold within the State of Orissa. The Sales Tax Officer
while examining the accounts relating to the relevant period found that the
respondent has sold the mineral ores in the course of export to the
Japanese buyers with whom the assessee had pre-existing export contracts.
The Sales Tax Officer came to the conclusion that the mineral ores were
sold in violation of the declarations furnished by the respondent and, as F
such, contravened the provisions of Section 5(2)(A)(a)(ii) of the Act. The
Sale Tax Officer added the amount of the relevant sales to the taxable
turnover of the respondent and issued a demand for payment of the tax.
The respondent filed an appeal before the first appellate authority which
was dismissed. Aggrieved by the order of the first appellate authority, the G
respondent filed a second appeal before the Sales Tax Tribunal. It was
contended before the Tribunal that the goods were resold in Orissa and
the transaction with the Japanese buyers being sale in the course of export,
it was not liable to tax by virtue of Article 286(1) (b) of the Constitution of
India. The Tribunal came to the conclusion that the sale by the respondent
in favour of the Japanese buyers, was within the State of Orissa and, as H

•
766 SUPREME COURT REPORTS [1994] SUPP. 1 S.C.R:

A such there was no violation of the terms of the declarations. The Tribunal,
however, did not agree with the other contention that the transactions were
in the course of export and, therefore, not exigible to sales tax. The
Tribunal rejected the second contention. The net result was that the
assessee was not found liable on account of violation of the undertaking in
the declarations but the assessee's sale in favour of the Japanese buyers
B was found liable to tax. As the accounts had to be re-verified to ascertain
the correct. figures, the Tribunal remanded the matter. The Tribunal stated
the cases and referred the questions at the instance of both the Revenue
as also the assessee for the opinion of the High Court. We have already
set out the answers given by the High Court. Sections 2(g) and
C 5(2)(A)(a)(ii) of the Act and Rule 27(2) of the Rules are reproduced
hereunder : -

"Section 2(g) Sale means, with all its grammatical variations and
cognate expression, any transfer of property in goods for cash or
deferred payment or other valuable consideration, but does not
D include a mortgage, hypothecation, charge or pledge and the words
'buy' and 'purchase' shall be construed accordingly.

Explanation-(a) A sale or purchase of goods shall be deemed
to take place inside the State if the goods are within the State-

E (i) in the case of specific or ascertained goods at the time the
contract of sale is made; and

(ii) in the case of unascertained or future goods at the tinie of
their appropriation to the contract of sale by the seller or by the
buyer, whether assent of the other party is prior or subsquent to
F such appropriation;

(iii) where there is a single contract or sale or purchase of
goods situated at more places than one, the provisions of this
Explanation shall apply as if there were contracts in respect of the
G goods at each of such places.

Section 5(2)(A) In this Act the expression "taxable turnover"
means that parts of a dealer's gross turnover during any period
which remains after deducting therefrom: -

H (a) his' - turnover during that period on -
.\!JSJ:l( \I & \1ETALSTRADL\"G fKCLDIP Sl:'\GH. J.J 767

(ii) Sales to a registered dealer of goods specified in the A
purchasing dealer's certificate of regi.strari9n as being intended fur
resale by him in Orissa and on sales to a registered d~~ler of
containers and other materials for the packing of such goods;

Provided that when such goods are used by the registered
dealer for purposes other than those specified in his certificate of B
registration, the price of goods so utilised shall be included in his
taxable turnover.

Rule 27(2)(i) Claim for deduction of turnover under item (ii)
of sub-clause·(a) of clause (A) of sub-section (2) of Section 5:- A
dealer who wishes to deduct from his gross turnover the amount c
of a sale on the ground that he is entitled to make such deduction
under item (ii) of sub-clause (a) of clause (A) of sub-section (2)
of Section 5 of the Act, shall, on demand, produce a copy of the
relevant cash receipt or bill according as the sale is a cash sale or
a sale on credit, and a declaration in Form XXXIV duly filled up D
and signed by the purchasing dealer or by such responsible persons
as may be authorized in writing in this behalf by the purchasing
dealers. 11

It would be useful to have before us Article 286(l)(b) of the Con-
stitution of India and Section 5(1) of the Central Sales Tax Act, 1956 which E
are as under : -
11
286. Restrictions as to imposition of tax on the sale or purchase
of goods.-(1) No law of a State shall impose, or authorise the
imposition of, a tax on the sale or purchase of goods where such
sal~ or purchase takes place- F
(a) ................................. .

(b) in the course of the import of the goods into, or export of
the goods out of the territory of India.
G
(2) ................................. .

(3) ................................. .

Section 5(1) A sale or purchase of goods shall be deemed to
take place in the course of export of the goods out of the territory H
768 SUPREME COURT REPORTS [1994] SUPP. 1 S.C.R.

A of India only if the sale or purchase either occasions such export
or is effected by a transfer of documents of title to the goods after
the goods have crossed the customs frontier of India."

The undisputed scheme of the Act is that a dealer becomes liable to
pay tax at the time of purchase but being a registered dealer under the Act
B a facility is given to him and the liability to pay the tax is deferred to a later
stage, when he resells the goods. To ensure that the sale does not escape
tax altogether a declaration is taken from the dealer to the effect that the
goods are meant for resale within the State. In other words, the Act has
adopted a single point tax. U oder the scheme, the taxable event is
C postponed until a registered dealer sells the goods to an unregistered
dealer, a consumer or in breach of the undertaking diverts the goods for
other purposes. The proviso to section 5(2) of the Act operates when the
purchasing dealer violates his undertaking and he becomes liable to pay
the tax which he had avoided on the basis of the declaration.

D It is not disputed that the assessee purchased mineral ores from the
mine owners - who were registered dealers under the Act - upon furnish-
. ing declaration as provided in rule 27(2) of the Rules. The assessee had
not paid sales tax on those purchase. The declaration makes it obligatory
for the assessee to resell the mineral ores, so purchased, within the State
of Orissa.
E
The learned counsel for the appellant has not challenged before us
the finding of the High Court that the sale by the assessee to the Japanese
buyers is covered by the embargo under Article 286(1)(b) of the Constitu-
tion of India read with section 5 of the Central. Sales Tax Act and,
therefore, is not exigible to sales tax under the Act. The learned counsel
F very fairly concedes that the sale by the assessee to the Japanese buyers is
in the course of the export of the goods out of the territory of India. The
contention of the learned counsel for the appellant, however, is that what
is sought to be taxed is the purchase by the assessee from the mine owners
and not the sale by it to the Japanese buyers. It is contended that the
G assessee deliberately gave incorrect declaration to the effect that the goods
were meant for resale in Orissa fully knowing that the goods were not
meant for such resale. It is further contended that the assessee had already
entered into agreements to export the mineral ores to the Japanese buyers.
It was to their knowledge that the goods were not meant for resale within
the State of Orissa. According to the learned counsel the declaration was
H deliberately given to avoid the tax liability.
ST;\TEOFORISSA 1•. MINERAL&METALSTRADING (KULDIPSINGH,J.J 769

The High Court analysed the various terms of the contract under A
which the assessee effected the sale in favour of the Japanese buyers. The
High Court concurred with the findings of the Tribunal that the sale to the
Japanese buyers was effected at Paradeep (a port within the State of
Orissa). The High Court reached the said finding on the following reason-
ing:-.
B
"Assessee claims that it effected sales in favour of the Japanese
Buyers at Paradeep. The terms of the contract under which sales
are said to have taken_ place are available on the record and it is
stated that more or less the contracts are of a uniform pattern. At
the time of hearing parties have, therefore; referred to us a contract C
dated 1st of June, 1%5, which·has been printed in the paper book~
An analysis of the terms of the contract may now be made. Article
6 provides for analysis of the ore at the loading port. Article 10
provides that each shipment shall be deemed as delivered when it
is loaded on board the vessel and trimmed. Under Article 12, D
Paradeep is a port of delivery. Insurance cover in terms of Article
9 after the ore is loaded on board the vessel is to be arranged by
the Buyer at its expense. Under Article 13, risk with respect to the
shipment passes from the seller to the buyer when ore has been
loaded and trimmed on board the vessel. The heading of this article E
is "title and risk" and the obvious intention is that title passes to
the Buyer with the contemplated activity being over. Under Article
14, in the event of loss of cargo in part or in full, the result of the
loading port analysis is deemed to be final. Article 16 obliges the
buyer to arrangement ships for transport. Provision has also been
made for payment by irrevocable, transferable, assignable, divisible
F
and confirmed without recourse to Drawer Letters of Credit to
cover 100 per cent value of each shipment. On the basis of these
clauses which reflect the true intention of the contracting parties,
it is claimed that title in the ores passed at Paradeep and thus
there were local sales within the State .......... On the terms of the G
contract indicated above, we do not think, the Tribunal can be said
'
to have been wrong in holding that sales took place at
paradeep ............We concur with the finding of the learned
Tribunal that the assessee effected resales at Paradeep within the
state of Orissa." H
770 SUPREME COURT REPORTS (1994] SUPP. 1 S.C.R.

A After holding that the sale by the assessee to the Japanese buyer was
within the State of Orissa, the High Court further examined the question
whether the sale was in the course .of export and, as such was protected by
Article 286(1)(b) of the Constitution of India read with Section 5 of the
Central Sales Tax Act. Relying upon the judgment of this Court in Md.
B Serajuddin & Ors. v. State of Orissa, [1975] 2 SCC 47, the High Court came
to the following conclusions : -

"The analysis of the legal position given in paragraph 25 of the
judgment of the Court makes it clear that .the sales effected by the
assessee in favour of the foreign buyer must be held to have been
c in course of export and is thus squarely covered by Article
286(1)(b) of the Constitution read with section 5 of the Central
Sales Tax Act. Thus the sale by the assessee in favour of the
Japanese Buyers though completed at Paradeep is yet not exigible
to Orissa Sales Tax in view of the restriction imposed by Article
286(1)(b) of the Constitution."

We agree with the High Court that the sale effected by the assessee
in favour of the Japanese buyers is the sale in the course of the export of
the goods out of the territory of India and, as such, is not exigible to sales
tax. As stated above the learned counsel for the State of Orissa has also
E not questioned the findings of the High Court on this point. We are,
however, of the view that the High Court fell into patent error in holding
that sak to the Japanese buyers was made within the State of Orissa. A
sale "in the course of the export of the goods" and a sale "within the State
of Orissa" are two distinct events. A sale "in the course of the export of the
goods" cannot be a sale within the State of Orissa. The assessee entered
F into contracts with the Japanese buyers for "export sale" of the mineral
ores. An "export sale" has an entirely different legal concept. In the "export
sale11 , the 11 sale11 and the 11 exporf' are so interwined and intermixed that both
begin and end together. The various clauses of the contract entered into
by the asscssee and the Japanese buyers are wholly irrelevant and are of
G no consequence. Even if on the construction of the contract of "export sale 11
the sale part of it is completed within the State it would still not be
considered as legally complete because till the time the "sale'' and the
"export" both are completed none can be taken to be complete. It is,
therefore, inherent in the concept of " export sale" that both the "sale" and
the "export' are completed when the goods are appropriated by the foreign
H buyer: - \
STAIB OFORISSA v. MINERAL& METALS TRADING [KULDIP SINGH, J.] 771

Patanjali Sastri, C.J., speaking for this Court in State of Travancore- A
Cochin & Ors. v. The Bombay Co. Ltd., (1952] SCR 1112, examining the
scope of the" export sale" under Article 286{1){b) of the Constitution of
India observed as under : -

"We are clearly of opinion that the sales here in question, which
occasioned the export in each case, fall within the scope of the B
exemption under article 286{1){b). Such sales must of necessity be
put through by transporting the goods by rail or ship or both out
of the territory of India, that is to say, by employing the machinery
of export. A sale by export thus involves a series of integrated
activities commencing from the agreement of sale with a foreign C
buyer and ending with the delivery of the goods to a common
carrier for transport out of the country by land or sea. Such a sale
cannot be dissociated from the export without which it cannot be
effectuated, and the sale and resultant export form parts of a single
transaction. Of these two integrated activities, which together
constitute an export sale whichever first occurs can well be D
regarded as taking place in the course of the other. Assuming
without deciding that the property in the goods in the present cases
passed to the foreign buyers and the sales were thus completed
within the State before the goods commenced their journey as
fouod by the Sales Tax Authorities, the sales must, nevertheless, E
be regarded as having taken place in the course of the export and
are, therefore, exempt under article 286{1){b)."

M. Hidayatullah, C.J. speaking for this Court in Coffee Board, Ban-
galore v. Joint Commercial Tax Officer, Madras & Anr., (1970] 3 SCR 147,
interpreted the phrase "sale in the course of export" in the following F
words:-

"The phrase 'sale in the course of export' comprises in itself three
essential: (i) that there must be a sale (ii) that goods must actually
be exported and (iii) the sale must be a part and parcel of the
export... ....... The export results from the sale and is bound up with G
it. The word 'course' in the expression 'in the course of means
'progress of process of, or shortly 'during'. The phrase expanded
with this meaning reads' in the progress or process of export' or
'during export'. Therefore the export from India to a foreign
destination must be established and the sale must be a link in the H
772 SUPREME COURT REPORTS [1994] SUPP. 1 S.C.R.

A same export for which the sale is held".

In Md. Serajuddin & Ors. v. State of Orissa, [1975] 2 SCC 47, this
Court examined the earlier judgments on the interpretation of Article
286(1)(b) of the Constitution of India. It would be useful to refer the
following observations of the Bench in the said case :-
B
'The expression "in the course" implies not only a period of time
during which the movement is in progress but postulates a con-
nected relation. Sale in the course of export out of the territory of
India means sale taking place not only during the activities directed
to be end of exportation of the goods out of the country but also
as part of or connected with such activities. 11

It is, therefore, clear that the export sale envisaged under Article
286(l)(b) of the Constitution of India continue to be in the process of
completion till the goods reach the destination.
D
The argument of the learned counsel for the respondent that the
assessee by the deposit of the mineral ores at Paradeep Port made a "sale"
to the foreign buyer at the port is fallacious and overlooks the fact that the
purchase had been made by the assessee from the registered dealers, to
satisfy his pre-existing contract with the Japanese buyer and the goods were
E deposited or believed at Paradeep Port for transportation, out of the
country, to the destination of the foreign buye1, to satisfy the requirements
of the pco-existing contraci. ihc delivery of the goods at the Paradeep Port
.was thus in discharge of 1' .:· obligation under the contract on the part of
the exporter-assessee a.d formed but a single transaction. It was not a
11 11
second sale to the foreign buyer in the State of Orissa. The effort to
F confuse the delivery of '~c.eJs at Paradcep Port for transportation to the
Jestination of the foreign buyer with a "sale" at Paradeep Port is a futile
attempt to wriggle out of his mis-declaration. In the declaration filed by
the assessee, he not only mis-stated that the goods were meant for re-sak
within the State of Orissa but also concealed the fact that there was a c
G pre-existing contract between the assessee and the Japanese buyers to
satisfy which the mineral ores were being purchase, for export, from the
registered dealers. The declaration made by the assessee concealed more
than what is revealed. The assessee, therefore, made a declaration which
was palpably incorrect. The assessee thus contravened the provisions of
Section 5(2)(A)(a)(ii) of the Act and rendered itself liable under the
H proviso to the said Section.
STATE OF ORISSA v. MINERAL & METALS TRADING 773

We, therefore, hold that the sale by the respondent-assessee was in A
contravention of the declaration given by the assessee under rule 27(2) of
the Rules and, as such, attracts the proviso to Section 5(2)(A)(a)(ii) of the
Act. We allow the appeals partly. We uphold answer No. 2 given by the
High Court but we set aside answer No. 1 of the High Court and in that
place substitute the following answer.
B
1. On the facts and circumstances of the case the Tribunal was wrong
in holding that there was no contravention of the declaration given under
rule 27(2) of the Rules. The assessee ~ontravened the said declaration and,
as such, the proviso to Section 5(2)(A)(a)(ii) of the Act was attracted.

The appeals are allowed in the above terms. The appellant shall be C
entitled to the costs which we quantify as Rs. 20,000.

Civil Appeals Nos. 343-347 of 1987.

With
D
Civil Appeal No. 868 of 1987.

Order

These appeals are sequel to a batch of writ petitions filed before the
Orissa High Court chollenging the validity of the amended Section E
5(2)(A)(a)(ii) of the Orissa Sales Tax Act, 1947 (the OST Act) as sub-
stituted by the Orissa Sales Tax (Amendment) Act, 1978 with retrospective
effect. The High Court upheld the validity of the OST Act.

The High Court classified the batch of petitions into the following
three categories : F
1. Assessments in which unamended declarations in Form
No.XXXIV under rule 27(2) of the Orissa Sales Tax Rules, 1947
were given and purchases were made without payment of tax.

2. Assessment and imposition of tax on sale or purchase of G
declared goods in violation of Section 15 of Central Sales Tax Act,
1956 and Section 14-B of the OSt Act read with Rule 42-A of the
OST Rules.

3. Assessment and imposition of tax after the amendment of
Form No.XXXIV, that is, after 26.4.1978. Declarations in amended H
774 SUPREME COURT REPORTS [1994] SUPP. 1 S.C.R.

A form were given and purchases were made with out payment of
tax.

The High Court allowed the writ petitions falling under category Nos.
(1) and (2) above and the assessment and imposition of tax in respect of
those petitioners was quashed. So far as the writ petitions falling under
B category No. (3) above are concerned, those were dismissed with no order
as to costs. The appellants before us are those petitioners who were in
category No. (3) before the High Court. The State of Orissa has not come
up in appeal against the judgment of the High Court allowing the writ
petitions of the petitioners falling under category Nos. (1) and (2) before
C the High Court. We are not expressing any opinion in respect of the part
of the judgment of the High Court which is not under appeal before us.

We have today pronounced judgment in Civil Appeals Nos. 1811-
1815 of 1977 titled State of Orissa v. Minerals & Metals Trading Corporation
of India Limited.
D
We allow the appeals in the above terms with costs. We further hold
that the orders of the Tribunal in these cases shaU be non-est and inopera-
tive to the extent the said order are contrary to the law laid down by this
Court. We quantify the costs as Rs. 5000 to be paid by each of the assessee
in each of the cases.
E
Special Leave Petition (C) No. 14571 of 1992.

Order

We have today pronounced judgments in Civil Appeals Nos. 1811-15
F of 1977 titled State of Orissa v. Minerals and Metals Trading Corporation of
India Limited and also in the Civil Appeals Nos. 343-347 of 1987 titled Mis.
Industrial Minerals & Metals and Anr. v. The Sales Tax Officer & Anr. for
the reasons recorded and the conclusions reached in the above judgments,
we dismiss the Special Leave Petition.
G
Civil Appeal No. 654 of 1991.

Order

The appellants challenged the validity of Section 5(2)(A)(a)(ii) of the
H Orissa Sales Tax, 1947 (the OST Act) as amended by Section 2(c) of the
STATEOFORISSAv. MINERAL& METALS TRADING· 775

Orissa Sales Tax (Amendment} Act, 1978 by way of a writ petition under A
Article 226 of the Constitution of India before the Orissa High Court. The
order of the Sales Tax Officer, Cuttack III Circle pertaining to the assess-
ment year 1982-83 was also sought to be quashed in the writ petition. The
challenge to the validity of Section 5(2)(A}(a)(ii) of the OST Act was on
the following grounds : -
B
"(i) that it is beyond the legislative competence of the State legis-
lature to enact the provision since the tax relates to inter-State
sale/export sale in respect of which the Parliament has the exclusive
competence to legislate. In this connection reliance is placed on
Article 286 of the Constitution and Entry 54 of List II of the
Seventh Schedule of the Constitution;
c
(ii) that the provision is repugnant to sections 3, 4 and 5 of the
C.S.T. Act and hence it is hit by Articles 254 and 269 of the
Constitution.;

(iii) that they levy of tax is discriminatory and therefore hit by D
Article 14 of the Constitution; and

(iv) that it affects the petitioners' right of freedom of trade and
commerce embodied in Article 19(1)(g)."

In addition to the above grounds it was also contended that while E
selling the goods in the course of inter State sale the appellants-petitioners
did not contravene the declaration in as much as the sale took place within
the State of Orissa and, as such, could not be exigible to tax under the OST
Act but for the supervening circumstance of the constitutional bar ;s
provided under the Central Sales Tax Act. The High Court by its well F
reasoned judgment dated July 30, 1990 dismissed the writ petition. This
appeal by way of special leave is against the judgment of the High Court.

We have been taken through the judgment of the High Court wherein
all the points raised by the appellants-petitionero have been dealt with by
giving detailed reasons in respect of each of the points. We see no ground G
to interfere with the judgment of the High Court. We agree with the
reasoning and the conclusions reached therein .

• We have today pronounced judgments in civil Appeals Nos. 1811- .
15(NT) of 1977 titled State of Orissa v. Minerals and Metals Trading
Corporation of India Limited and also in Civil Appeal Nos.343-347 of 1987 H
776 SUPREME COURT REPORTS (1994) SUPP. 1 S.C.R.

A titled Mis. Industrial Minerals & Met.of< & Anr. v. The Sales Tax Officer &
Anr. Even on. the force of the reasoning and conclusions in these judg-
ments, this appeal has to be dismissed. We, therefore, dismiss the appeal
with costs. We quantify the costs as Rs. 5000.

Civil Appeals Nos. 2947-50 (NT) of 1977.
B
KULDIP SINGH, J. The Sales Tax Tribunal, Orissa (the Tribunal)
stated a case and referred the following question for the opinion of the
High Court: -

c "Whether on the facts and in the circumstances of the case, the
Member Sales Tax Tribunal is correct in holding that even sales
in course of inter-state trade and commerce, can be sale inside the
State if the goods are inside the State of Orissa, and whether his
interpretation of the definition of 'sale' as given in section 3(g) of
the Orissa Sales Tax Act, 1947 and the Explanation Attached to
D the definition 'sale is correct?"

The High Court answered the question in the affirmative and in favour of
the assessee. These appeals by the State of Orissa are against the Judgment
of the High Court.
E
The respondent-assessee is a registered dealer under the Orissa Sales
Tax Act 1947, (the Act}. The assessee purchased certain goods from a
registered dealer on the basis of declaration furnished by it for resale of
the purchased goods in the State of Orissa. The goods were however sold
in the course of inter-State trade. The Sales Tax Officer came to the
F conclusion that the declaration furnished by the assessee was violated and,
as such, it became liable under the proviso to Section 5(2)(A)(a)(ii) of the
Act. Against the assessment made, the respondent preferred appeals under
the Act before the Assistant Commissioner of Sales Tax which were
dismissed. The assessee thereafter preferred appeals before the Sales Tax
G Tribunal, Orissa. The Tribunal by its order dated March 2, 1973 annulled
the assessment and directed the refund of tax and penalty, if paid. The
Tribunal - at the ins:ance of the appellant - referred the above quoted
question for the opinion of the High Court.
•
Section 5(2)(A)(a) of the Act, to the extent it is relevant reads as
H under:-
SfATE OF ORJSSA 1•. MINERAL & METALS TRADING (KULDIP SINGH, J.) 777

"In this Act the expression 'taxable turnover' means that part of a A
dealer's gross turnover during any period which remains after
deducting therefrom : -

(a) his turnover during that period on-

(i) the sale of any goods notified from time to time as tax free B
under section 6 and of the packing materials, if any in respect of
such goods;

(ii) sales to a registered dealer of goods specified in the
purchasing dealer's certificate of registration as being intended for
resale by him in Orissa and on sales to a registered dealer of C
containers and other materials for the packing of such goods;

Provided that when such goods are used by the registered
dealer for purposes other than those specified in his certificate of
registration, the price of goods so utilised shall be included in his D
11
taxable turnover.

"Sale" is defined in Section 2{g) of the Act to mean as under :

........... with all its grammatical variations and cognate expressions,
11

any transfer of property in goods for cash or deferred payment or
other valuable consideration, including a transfer of property in E
goods involved in the execution of contract but does not include
a mortgage, hypothecation, charge or pledge and the words 'buy'
and 'purchase' shall be construed accordingly;

Explanation: (a) A sale or purchase of goods shall be deemed
to take place inside the State if the goods are within the State -
F

(i) in the case of specific or ascertained goods at the time the
contract of sale is made, and

(ii) .................
G
(b) ................. .

The High Court answered the question in favour of the assessee on
the following reasoning :

"In this case there is no dispute that specific .or ascertained goods H
778 SUPREME COURT REPORTS (1994] SUPP. 1 S.C.R.

A were the subject-matter of sale because these goods were pur-
chased from registered dealers. There is no material on the record
to show that the goods were not within the State of Orissa when
the contract of sale was made. In the facts before us normally it
should be presumed that the goods were actually within the State
unless the Trucing Department established the contrary. Therefore,
B in view of the definition of 'sale', it must be deemed that the sale
took place within the State in regard to the goods .............. Under
the scheme of the Act, sales tax is leviable at a single point and a
registered dealer at the point of sale is entitled to pass on the
incidence of sales tax to the buyer. Where the buyer is a registered
dealer, upon furnishing a declaration in terms of section
c 5(2)(A)(a)(ii) of the Act he is entitled to exemption from payment
of sales tax and the payment of tax is shifted and deferred to a
point where the sale takes place in favour of a consumer, an
unregistered dealer or is a transaction in respect of which no
declaration has been furnished even when the purchasing dealer
D is a registered dealer. Section 5(2)(A)(a)(ii) authorises a dealer
to exclude from the 'gross turnover' the sales to a registered \lealer
of goods specified i.n the purchasing dealer's certificate of registra-
tion as being intended for resale by him in Orissa. The proviso
occurring in section 5(2)(A)(a)(ii) requires the sale price of goods
used by the purchasing dealer for the purposes other than those
E mentioned in his certificate of registration to be included in his
taxable turnover. The assessee before us had purchased bini from
registered dealers and had furnished declaration. It is not disputed
that it was entitled to make such purchases free of tax on furnishing
declarations. Its declarations contemplated that it would resale the
goods so purchased in Orissa. As we have already found, the goods
F
purchased by the assessee were as a fact resold in Orissa, but these
sales, by application of the provisions of the Central Act became
the first sales under the Central Act. It is true that the scheme
under the Act collecting Orissa sales tax at the deferred point has
not worked out, but it the facts of the case it cannot be said that
G the assessee used the goods purchased by it for a purpose other
than that specified in its certificate of registration which alone
would attract the application of the proviso under which the
additional demand has been raised. It the assessee as a fact resold
the goods in Orissa, but on account of some supervening law that
-
transaction is made taxable under some other Act and tax under
H
SfATE OF ORISSA v. MINERAL & METALS TRADING [KULDIP SINGH, J.j 779

the Orissa Sales Tax Act was not imposable, it would not amount A
to any violation of the declarations by the assessee. We agree with
the contention raised on behalf of the assessee that the Proviso
cannot be applied to a case of this type. In our opinion, the
Tribunal came to the correct conclusion in the matter."

We are of the view that the High Court fell into patent error in B
holding that the sales in dispute were made by the assessee within the State
of Orissa. It is not disputed that the said sales were in the course of
inter-state trade. If the goods were to remain within the State of Orissa the
sales could not be in the course of Inter-State trade. To make a sale in the
course of inter-State trade, it is necessary that the contract must envisage C
the completion of the sale as well as the movement of the goods to the
other State in the course of inter-State trade. The very fact that the sales
in dispute were the sales in the course of inter-State trade, they could not
be the sales within the state in terms of section 2(g) of the Act. The Act
provides for a single point levy and the tax is payable at one point or the
other. When the assessee purchased the goods free of tax by giving an D
undertaking that the goods would be resold within the State of Orissa and
subsequently violates the undertaking by selling the goods in the course of
inter-State trade and commerce, the proviso to section 5(2)(A)(a)(ii) of
the Act is directly attracted and the assessee is liable to pay tax. A sale
cannot be inside Orissa and at the same time in the course of inter-State
trade and commerce. In order that a sale or purchase might be inter-State, E
it is essential that there must be transport of goods from one State to
another under the contract of sale or purchase. In Bengal Immunity Com-
pany Limited v. State of Bihar, [1955] 2 SCR 603, occur the following
observations which are apposite : -

"A sale could be said to be in the course of inter- State trade only F
if two conditions concur; (1) A sale of goods, and (2) A transport
of those goods from one State to another under the contract of
sale. Unless both these conditions are satisfied, there can be no
sale in the course of inter-State trade."
G
It is the admitted case of the assessee that the sales in question were the
sales in the course of inter-State trade and if that is the position then the
question of the same sales being the sales within the State did not arise.

We have, today, pronounced judgment in Civil Appeals Nos. 343-347
of 1987 titled Mis. Industrial Minerals & Metals & Anr. v. The Sales Tax H
780 SUPREME COURT REPORTS [1994] SUPP. 1 S.C.R.

A Officer & Anr., wherein we have held that a sale in the course of the export
of goods out of the territory of India cannot be a sale at the same time
within the State of Orissa. On the principles, a sale in the course of
inter-State trade and commerce cannot be a sale within the State of
Orissa.

B There is, thus, patent violation of the undertaking given by the
assessee. This Court in Himatsingka Timber Co. Ltd. v. State of Orissa,
(1966) 18 STC 235 dealing with section 5(2)(A)(a)(ii) of the Act held as
under :·

"The tax was always leviable on the first sale and it would have
c been so levied but for the certificate which was furnished by the
company when making purchases from the local dealers. The
certificate was that the sleepers and timber were for resale in
Orissa and when that condition was not fulfilled, the tax became
payable even under section 5(2)(a)(ii) before the 1951 amend·
ment."
D
In Endurpuri Narasimhan & Son v. State of Orissa & Ors., (1961) 12
STC 282, certain sales to the petitioner therein were not included in the
taxable turnover of the seller by reason of the registration certificate which
the petitioner had obtained on a declaration that the goods were to be
E resold in Orissa. In violation of the declaration the petitioner sold the .
goods to dealers outside the State and he was taxed under section
5(2)(a)(ii) of the Act. This Court held that the imposition of the tax was
·not on the sales by the petitioner to person outside the State but on the
purchases by him inside the State for which he gave an undertaking and
violated the same by not selling the goods within the State of Qrissa.
F
Even otherwise, the High Court was not justified in holding that the
onus for proving that the goods at the time of the contract were not within
the State of Orissa was on the sales tax authority. The assessee on purchase
of the goods became liable to pay the tax but he did not do so because it
G was a sale· from a registered dealer to a registered dealer. The assessee
saved the tax and postponed the event by giving an undertaking that he
would sell the goods within the State. True to the undertaking the onus to
show that the goods were actually sold within the State of Orissa was on
the assessee. In any case, a contract of sale by which the goods are sold
and are to be transported from one State to another cannot be made a
H lever for the argument that though the sale is in the course of inter-state
SfATE OF ORISSA v. MINERAL & METALS TRADING (KULDIP SIN<•H, .T.J 781

trade and commerce but nevertheless it is a sale within the State of Orissa A
under Section 2(g) of the Act.

Our answer to the question referred, therefore, on the facts and in
the circumstances of this case, is that the Member, Sales Tax Tribunal, was
not correct in holding that even the sales in the course of inter-State trade
and commerce can be sales inside the State if the goods were inside the B
State of Orissa and for coming to that conclusion, the Tribunal wrongly
and illegally relied upon the definition of "sale" under Section 2(g) of the
Act including the explanation therein:

We allow the appeals, set aside the judgment of the High Court. The
appellant shall be entitled to costs which we assess as Rs. 5,000 in each of C
the appeals.

Civil Appeal No. 4840 of 1994.
(Arising out of SLP (C) No. 4889 of 1979).

With D

Civil Appeal No. 4842 of 1994.
(Arising out of SLP (C) No. 4969 of 1979).

And
E
Civil Appeal No. 4841 of 1994.
(Arising out of SLP (C) No. 4970 of 1979),

KULDIP SINGH, J. Leave granted in all the special leave petitions.

These appeals are sequel to the applications filed by the State of F
Orissa under Section 24(2) (b) of the Orissa Sales Tax Act, 1947 (the Act)
for a direction to the Orissa Sales Tax Tribunal to state a case and refer
the questions framed out of the appellate order of the Tribunal for the
opinion of the High Court. The High Court dismissed the. applications on
the ground that the questions formulated for the opinion of the High Court G
had already been. decided by a Division Bench of the High Court in State
of Orissa v. Johrimal Gajanand, (1976) 37 STC 157 and since the view taken
by the Tribunal was in conformity with the opinion expressed by the High
court, the applications were not competent. These appeals by the State of
Orissa are against the orders of the High Court rejecting the applications
of the State under Section 24(2)(b) of the Act.
'-.
H
782 SUPREME COURT REPORTS [1994] SUPP.1 S.C.R.
I
A We have today delivered judgment in Civil Appeals Nos. 2947-50
(NT) of 1977 wherein the High Court judgment in State of Orissa v.
Jolrrimal Gajanand, (1976) 37 STC 157 has been reversed. For the reasons
recorded and the conclusions reached by us in Jolrrimal Gajana11d's case
(supra), we allow these appeals, set aside the impugned orders of the High
Court. The High Court also fell into patent error in not taking into
B consideration the amendment to section 5(2}(A}(a)(ii) of the Act made in
the year 1978 with retrospective effect. We have upheld the validity of the
amended section 5(2)(A)(a)(ii) of the Act by our judgment delivered today
in Civil Appeals where in we have reversed the full-Bench judgment of the
Orissa High Court in Mineral & Metals Trading Co!poration of India
C Limited v. State of Orissa, reported in (1976) 38 S.T.C. 189. Before the High
Court the appellants had relied upon the Full Bench Judgment of the
Orissa High Court in MMTC case (supra} in support of their contentions.
The High Court rejected the contentions of the appellants and upheld the
validity of the amended Section 5(2}(A}(a)(ii} of the OST Act on the
following reasoning : -
D
"Under the scheme of the Act, the taxable event is postponed until
the registered dealer sells the goods to an unregistered dealer or
a consumer, or in breach of the undertaking given. Law is well
settled that the competent legislature can enact law after removing
the infirmities or deficiencies as pointed out by the Court. All that
E
is to be seen in such cases is that the amended law is within the
competence of the legislature. Powers of the State Legislature
under Entry 54 of List II of the VII Schedule to the Constitution
are plenary. The impugned amended Act is an attempt by the State
Legislature to ensure the single point levy by nullifying the effect
F of the two decisions of this Court. The question is whether such
action is within the competence of the State Legislature and is in
conformity with Article 286 of the Constitution of India.

H is the contention of the petitioners that the goods were meant
for resale in Orissa and in fact were resold inside Orissa. The State
G
Legislature has power to impose tax on the sale or purchase of
· goods other than news papers. This is subject to the provisions of
Entry No. 92 A of List I. The petitioners would have paid the tax
while purchasing the goods from a registered dealer. But while
-
purchasing the goods, they have avoided the tax by giving a
H declaration that the goods purchased were meant for the purpose
STATE OFORISSA "· MINERAL&METALSTRADING [KULDIPSINGH,J.] 783

of resale in Orissa and such resale should be subject to levy tax A
under the O.S.T. Act. But subsequently, in violation of the decla-
ration they have sold the same in course of inter-state trade or
commerce or export and avoided payment of tax. Normally the tax
should have been paid at the first point and the petitioners could
not have avoided payment of such tax and would have paid the tax
but for the declaration given by them. They have sold the goods B
in violation of the declaration given by them. As already held, in
case of declared goods, they are entitled to reimbursement by
virtue of section 15 of the C.S.T. Act and section 14-B of the O.S.T,
Act and rule 42-A of the O.S.T. Rules. From Section 15 of the
C.S.T. Act, it is abundantly clear that it places restrictions and C
conditions upon the local law. Its intention is that declared goods
should suffer tax at only one point and at a prescribed rate. Section
15 does not bar levy of sales tax by a State on declared goods, but
it provides for refund of such tax to the persons making such sale
in the course of inter-State Trade or commerce. Therefore, section
15 clearly shows that there is no bar fo~ levy of charge on decla- D
ration goods but that is to be refunded. In section 15, no provision
has been made for refund of tax on goods other than declared
goods. From this, it can be gathered that the State has also the
power to impose tax on the declared goods. But by virtue of Section
15, it is to be reimbursed. If the intention were not to tax goods
other than declared goods, such provision should have been clearly E
made. Viewed from this angle, it cannot be said that the assessment
and the demand of tax made by the authorities are bad and should
be struck down. The State by the amended provision has only
wanted to impos~ tax on intra-State sale and it is within the
competence and powers of the State Legislature under Entry 54 p
of List II of Schedule VII of the Constitution of India"

We agree with the above quoted reasoning and the conclusions
reached by the High Court.

We dismiss. the appeals with costs. We quantify the costs to be paid G
by each of the appellants separately as Rs. 5000.

A.G. Appeal Nos. 1811-15/77, 343-347/87,
868/87, 2947-50/77 allowed.
SLP (C) No. 14571/92, C.A. No.
654/91, 4840-42/94 dismissed.