STATE OF U.P.versusRAMESH CHANDRA SHARMA AND ORS.

                          STATE OF U.P.                                            A
                               v.
                 RAMESH CHANDRA SHARMA AND ORS.

                               OCTOBER 16, 1995

                {J.S. VERMA AND K. VENKATASWAMI, J.I.]                             B

          U.P. Legal Remembcrancer's Manual : Chapter VII-Paras 7.06, 7.08
    and 7.13.

          State of Uttar Pradesh-Additional District Govemment Counsel-Ap-         C
    pointme11t---Nature of-Held only a professional engagement-Not an ap-
    pointment to the post in Govemment service.

          Constitution of India, 1950 : Article 14

          Stat~Arbitrary action-Quashing of-Additional District Govemment          D
    Counsel-Tenn of appointment-Refusal to renew on non- existent ground
    held arbitrary and quashed.

          Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973: Section 24 (3).

~         Additional District Govemment Counsel-Appointm~nt of-Refusal to          E
    grant renewal of tenn-Section 24(3) held inapplicable to such a case.

           Respondents 1 to 3 were appointed as Additional District Govern·
    ment Counsel (Criminal) in the State of U.P. for a fixed term and their


-   term was renewed from time to time. An order dated 1.10.1992 issued by
    the State Government denying further renewal to them was quashed by the
    High Court on the ground that it was an arbitrary action of the State
    Government. The High Court held that the reason given by the State
                                                                                   F


    Government for refusing to consider the renewal i.e. there was/ no recom-
    mendation made by the District Authorities for making the renewal as
    required under the provisions of U.P. Legal Remembrancer Manual was            G
    non-existent while in fact the report of the District Officer was favourable
    to the respondents and the District Judge had really recommended renewal
    of their term. Against the decision of the High Court, State preferred
    appeal before this Court.

          On behalf of the respondents it was contended that (i) refusal to        H
                                     383
    384                  SUPREME COURT REPORTS [1995) SUPP. 4 S.C.R.

A renew their term was arbitrary and thus liable to be struck down under
    Article 14; (ii) they do not seek consequential rdier or reappointment after
    the State Government's action was held arbitrary; and (iii) in view of
    provisions contained in the Manual and section 24(3) of the Code of
    Criminal Procedure, 1973 the appointment of an advocate as a District
    Government Counsel \\ as an employment to a post in govern1nent service
                           1

B   and not a professional engagement entitling him to automatic renewal upto
    the superannuation age of 62 years subject to satisfactory confidential
    report.

          Allowing the State's appeal in part, this Court
c         HELD : 1. In view of the clear provision in clause (3) or para 7.06 of
    the (U.P. Legal Rememberancer's Manual the appointment or a legal
    practioner as a District Government Counsel is only professional engage-
    ment. The appointment being for a fixed term and requiring expres.c
    renewal in the manner provided in the Manual, there is no basis to contend
D   that it is not a professional engagement or a legal practitioner but
    appointment to post in Government service which continues till attaining
    the age of superannuation. Para 7.13 or the Manual'is a restriction on
    appointment of a legal practitioner as a District Government Counsel if
    his age exceeds 62 years and it is not a provision conferring a right on the
E appointee to continue till he attains the age or 62 years. Section 24(3) of
    the Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973 has no application to a case of
    renewai of appointment. (387-F-G, BJ                                            .
         Kuman Sluilekha Vidy01thi and Ors. v. State of U.P. and Ors., (1991)

F
    1 sec 212, relied on.

          Hapal Singh Chauhan and Ors. v. State of U.P., (1993) 3 SCC 552;
    distinguished.
                                                                                    .
          2. The State action of refusing renewal can be quashed if it is
    arbitrary. Admittedly, the only ground on which the State Government
G   sought to support its action is found to be non- existent in the record. This
    leads to the inescapable conclusion that the action of refusing renewal to
    respondents by order dated 1.10.1992 was arbitrary and on a ·non-existent
    ground. This view taken by the High Court cannot, therefore, be faulted.
    However in the circumstances of the case grant of any further relief to the
H respondents is inappropriate. Accordingly, the High Courts' order is
                  STATE v. R.C. SHARMA [J.S. VERMA, J.]                  385

modified and the consequential relief to reconsider the respondents for         A
renewal of their term is set aside. [388-B, D, H, 389-A]

        CIVIL APPELLATE JURISDICTION : Civil Appeal No. 9374 of
1995.

     From the Judgment and Order dated 24.12.92 of the Allahabad High           B
Court in W.P. No. 4303 (M/B) of 1992.

        AK: Srivastava for the Appellant.

        S.B. Sanyal, K.D. Sharma and S.K. Mishra for the Respondents.
                                                                                c
        The Judgment of the Court was delivered by

        J.S. VERMA, J. Leave granted.

       Respondents Nos. 1, 2 and 3, namely, Ramesh Chandra Sharma,
Ashok Kumar Sharma and Naresli Chandra Sharma respectively, were                D
appointed Additional District Government Counsel (Criminal) at Budaun
in the State of Uttar Pradesh on different dates for a fixed term mentioned
in the order of appointment. Their term was renewed similarly from time
to time. However, a further renewal was denied to them by an order dated
1.10.1992. This was challenged by them by a writ petition in the Allahabad      E
High Court, Lucknow Bench. A Division Bench of the High Court allowed
the writ petition of respondents Nos. 1, 2 and 3 and the order dated
1.10.1992 refusing to renew their term of appointment as Additional
District Government Counsel (Criminal) for a further period was quashed.
It is unnecessary to refer to the claim of r~spondcnts Nos. 4 and 5, nan1ely,   F
Yashpal Singh Yadav and Syed Mohd. Anas Naqvi, whose similar claim in
that writ petition was dismissed. Respondents Nos. 4 and 5 are merely
proforma respondents and no further reference to them is necessary.

     This appeal by the State of Uttar Pradesh is against the High Court's
judgment allowing the writ petition of respondents Nos. 1, 2 and 3. Learned G
counsel for the appellant-State of U.P. has assailed the judgment of the
High Court on the ground that the refusal to grant renewal of the tenure
as Additional District Government Counsel of respondents 1, 2 and 3 was
not arbitrary as held by the High Court, but for valid reasons. It was
contended by the learned counsel for the appellant that renewal of the H
    386                   SUPREME COURT REPORTS (1995) SUPP. 4S.C.R.

A tenure could not be claimed as a matter of right under para 7.08 of the
    U.P. legal Rcmcmberancer's Manual (for short 'the Manual"), on which
    the claim of these respondents for renewal of their term is based. In reply
    learned counsel for the respondents contended that the appointment of an
    advocate as a District Government Counsel under Chapter VII of the
B   Manual is an employment and not a professional engagement of an advo-
    cate and, therefore, the advocate is entitled to automatic renewal till he
    attains the age of 62 years prescribed in the Manual as the age of super-
    annuation unless his record and character roll are not upto the mark. The
    alternative submission of learned counsel for the respondents is that the
C   refusal of renewal of the term of these respondents, in the facts and
    circumstances of the case, was arbitrary on account of which it was liable
    to be struck down under Article 14 of the Constitution. Both sides have
    placed reliance on the decision of this Court in Kumaii Sluilekha Vidyaithi
    and Others v. State of U.P. and Others, (1991] 1 SCC 212. Before we
D   consider the question whether the refusal to grant renewal was arbitrary,
    it would be appropriate to consider the argument of learned counsel for
    the respondents about the nature of appointment since it was vehemently
    urged as. the main argument on behalf of the respondents.

          Shri S.B. Sanyal, learned counsel for the respondents, to support the
E main argument that the appointment of an advocate as a District Govern-
    ment Counsel is an appointment to a post in Government service whereby
    the appointee is entitled to automatic renewal upto the stage of superan-
    nuation subject to satisfactory confidential record, relied on the provisions
    in the Manual which debar the appointee from participating in political
F   activities and provide for maintenance of character roll in addition to a
    provision in para 7.13 of the superannuation age. Reference was also made
    to section 24(3) of the Code of Criminal Procedure which in our opinion
    has no application to a case of renewal of the appointment In Hwpal Singh
    Chauhan and Others v. State of U.P., (1993] 3 SCC 552, it was held that
G   section 24 Cr. P.C. does not speak about the extension or renewal of the
    term of the Public Prosecutor and the procedure prescribed in the Manual
    to the extent it is not in conflict with the provisions of section 24 shall be
    deemed to supplement the statutory provisions. It was further held that
    'merely because there is a provision for extension or renewal of the term,
H the same cannot be claimed as a matter of right'. We are unable to
                STATE v. R.C. SHARMA [.T.S. VERMA. J.]                   387

appreciate how section 24 Cr. P C. is of any assistance to support the          A
submission when the ·cxan1ination in the present case is not of the validity
of an appointment but the validity of refusal to grant renewal of the term
governed by pa(a 7.08 of the Manual. Similarly, the provision in para 7.13
prescribing the age of superannuation is of no assistance. since it merely
prescribes the upper age limit above which no legal practitioner can be         B
appointed as a District Government Counsel. In short, para 7.13 is a
restriction on appointment of a legal practitioner as a District Government
Counsel if his age exceeds 62 years and it is not a provision conforring a
right on the appointee to continue till he attains the age of 62 years.

      The nature of appointment and renewalis to be determined with             C
reference particularly to para 7.06 and para 7.08 for which purpose the
material part of para 7.06 is as under :

        "7.06. Appointment and renewal - (1) The legal practitioner finally
        selected by the Government may be appointed District Govern-            D
        ment Coun.sel for one year from the date of his taking over charge.

        ****                            ****                           ****
            (3) The appointment of any legal practitioner as a District
        Government counsel is only professional engagement terminable           E
        at will on either side and is not appointment to a post under the
        Governn1ent. Accordingly the Government reserves the power to
        terminate the appointment of any District Government Counsel at
        any time without assigning any cause. 11

In view of the clear provision in clause (3) of para 7.06 that the 'appoint-
ment of any legal practitioner as a District Government Counsel is only
professional engagement' 1 it is difficult to appreciate the submission for
which sustenance is sought from the provisions contained in the same
Manual. The appointment being for a fixed term and requiring express
  .
renewal          '
          in the manner  provided in the Manual, there is no basis to contend   G
that it is not a professional engagement of a legal practitioner but appoint-
ment to posi in Government service which continues till attaining the age
of superannuation. In the earlier decisions of this Court including Shrilekha
Vidywthi (supra), the appointment of District Government Counsel under
the Manual has been understood only as a professional engagement of a           H
•,




         388                   SUPREME COURT REPORTS (1995] SUPP. 4 S.C.R.

     A · legal practioner. This contention is, therefore, rejected.

               The High Court has granted relief to respondents Nos. 1, 2 and 3 on
         the ground that the action was arbitrary. It cannot be disputed after 1he
         decision in Sluilekha Vidywthi and those following it, that the State action
         of refusing renewal can be quashed if it is arbitrary. The only question,
     B
         therefore, is whether it is so as found by the High Court. The High Court
         has reached the conclusion that the only reasons disclosed by the State
         Government for refusing to consider the case of these respondents for
         renewal of their term were non-existent or extraneous. In substance, the
         action was supported by the State Government on the ground that there
     C   was no recommendation made by the District authorities for making the
         renewal as required by para 7.08. This is the only ground on which the
         action was supported by the State Government. However, the High Court
         found that the report of the District Office was favourable to these respon-
         dents and the District Judge had really recommended renewal of their
     D   term. Admittedly, the only ground on which the State Government sought
         to support its action is found to be non- existent in the record. This leads
         to the inescapable conclusion that the action of refusing renewal to respon-
         dents Nos. 1, 2 and 3 by order dated 1.10.1992 was arbitrary and on a
         non-existent ground. This view taken by the High Court cannot, therefore,
     E   be faulted.

                Learned counsel for the respondents submitted that the respondents
          are keen only to vindicated their honour because of the arbitrary manner
          in which they have been treated by the State Government and they are not
          interested in continuing as Additional District Government Counsel
     F (Criminal). 'It was submitted that the respondents would not seek the
         consequential relief of consideration for reappointment after it is held that
         the State Government's action was arbitrary. For this reason it is unneces-
         sary to consider the question of grant of any relief to these respondents.
         Moreover, in the meantime other persons have been appointed in their
     G   place and they have not been impleaded as parties. It would, therefore, be
         inappropriate to make any order which may have the potential of displacing
         these persons without heaving them. The possibility of those persons being
         of superior merit to justify refusal of renewal to these respondents now
         cannot be ruled out in such a situation. Grant of any further relief to these
     H   respond.ents is, therefore, inappropriate.
                STATE v. R.C.SHARMA[J.S. VERMA,J.]                   389

       Accordingly, we modify the High Courts' order and set aside the      A
consequential relief to reconsider these respondents for renewal of their
tenure as Additional District Government Counsel (Criminal). The appeal
is partly allowed to this extent.

T.N.A.                                            Appeal partly allowed.