SUKALU RAM GONDversusSTATE OF MP AND ORS.

                       SUKALU RAM GOND                                        A
                               v.
                      STATE OF MP AND ORS.

                            AUGUST 5, 1994

         IK. RAMASWAMY AND N. VENKATACHALA, JJ.)                              B

       Aroitration Act, 1941>-Sections 8, 21 & 31>-Aroitration--Jurisdiction of
arbitrator to make award against a non-party to contract-A person not a
party to a reference-Participation in award proceedings with objection &
under protest-Whether bound by award-Held, No-Acquiscence does not C
confer jurisdiction.

       In a pending criminal petition, by consent of parties, this Court
made a reference to an arbitrator to adjudicate .the disputes between
parties. The Arbitrator filed the Award in this Court with notice to the
parties. The petitioner and Respondent No. 5 filed their objections.          D
Respondent objected to the Award u/s 30 of the Arbitration Act contending
that the Award was without jurisdiction and patent error of law had crept
in, since respondent No. 5 was not a party to the reference; that the award
was devoi.d of jurisdiction to make him liable to the petitioner in the
Award, and that the reference was only to adjudicate the disputes between     E
the petitioner and the second respondent, of their respective liabilities.

      It was contended by the petitioner that when the issues were settled
by the Arbitrator with consent of parties including respondent No. S, and
he was found liable to pay the amount under the hire purchase agreement
and that, therefore, the Arbitrator was justified in granting the amount      F
against the respondent 5.

       The question for consideration was, when the reference was confined
only to the petitioner am! respondent No. 3, whether the Arbitrator,
without the order of refemce being amended, could have gone into the          G
liability of the 5th respondent.

      Disposing of the matter, this Court

      HELD : 1.1. There should exist an agreement showing consent to
refer a dispute for settlement by the arbitrator. In cases where the Ar- H
                                   421
    422                  SUPREME COURT REPORTS [1994] SUPP. 2 S.C.R.

A   bitrator enters into the consideration of the matters which are not referred.
    to him or over which he has no jurisdiction to try, the question is not one
    of waiver or estoppel but of authority. A person, not a party to a reference
    but who participated in the award proceeding with objection and continued
    to participate in the proceeding under protest is not bound by the award,
B   as being without authority. After taking objection to the authority of the
    arbitrator and making protest, unless a proper reference was made by this
    court, the abritrator does not get the authority and jurisdiction to make
    the award against a non-party to the contract. [424-C·D·E]

          1.2. It is settled law that acquiscence does not confer jurisdiction.
C The jurisdiction cannot be assumed by the Arbitrator on the basis of either
    acquiescence of the parties or consent to the adjudication of the dispute·
    without any reference. [424-E; G·H]

         . CRIMINAL APPELLATE JURISDICTION : Special Leave Peti-
    tion (Cr!.) No. 1971 of 1990.
D
         From the Judgment and Order dated 13.7.90 of the Madhya Pradesh
    High Court in Misc. Cr!. Case No. 1054 of 1990.

          C.L. Sahu for the Petitioner.

E        Sudarsh Menon, (NP), R. Sasiprabhu, (NP) Randhir Jain, for Uma
    Nath Singh for the Respondents.                                 '

          S.P. Singh, Rajeev Singh and Anil Singh for the Respondent No. 5.

          The following Order of the Court was delivered :
F
          The Petitioner has challenged the Order dated July 13, 1990 of the
    High Court of Madhya ·Pradesh at Jabalpur in Misc. Cr!. Case No. 1054/90
    passed under Section 482 of the Code of Criminal Procedure 1973 quash-
    ing the proceedings of the Judicial Megistrate, First Class, Dhamtari, dated
G   September 7, 1989 in Cr!. Case No. 943/89 registered under section 397
    read Withs. 34 l.P.C. While S.L.P. (Crl.) No. 1971/90 is pending, by consent
    of parties, this Court on August 1, 1991 made a reference to Justice Shiv
    Dayal (retired Chief Justice of the Madhya Pradesh High Court and a
    Senior Advocate of this Bar) to adjudicate the disputes thus :

H           "xx xx xx xx x may be appointed as an Arbitrator, by consent,
                   I   S.R. GOND v. STATEOFM.P.                          423

        to go into the question as to the amounts due, if any, by the           A
        petitioner to the second respondent or vice versa, in respect of
        Truck No. MKS 9311."

      (The other clauses of reference are not material, hence omitted.)

     The Arbitrator entered upon the reference within the time and given        B
hisaward on December 31, 1992 holding thus:

        "Final answer to the Reference is Anoop Chand (Respondent No.
        5 in the SLP) shall pay to Sukaluram and Basant Kumar (Partner-
        ship) or to Basant Kumar, Managing Agent a sum of Rs. 2,25,839          C
        only as on August 1, 1991, the date of their Lordships order.

            B. x x x x x x x XT!

       The Arbitrator filed the Award in this Court with notice to the
parties. Thereafter, the petitioner and Respondent No. 5, Anoop Chand           D
Selia filed their objections. Since the proceedin~s are pending in this Court
by operation of s.8 read with s.21 of the Arbitration Act 1940, for short the
Act, reference could be treated to be a reference made in a pending suit.
On that premise when the parties had consented to refer the dispute to the
Arbitrator, the arbitrator had given the Award as indicated hereinbefore.
The petitioner had not made any application for remittance of the Award
                                                                                E
to the arbitrator though claimed higher amount by way of objections nor
is an application made to make the Award, a rule of the Court. Respondent
No. 5, Anoop Chand Setia objected to the Award under s.30 contending
that the Award is without jurisdiction and patent error of law has crept in,
since respondent No. 5 was not a party to the reference. The award is           F
devoid of jurisdiction to make him liable to the petitioner in the Award.
Anoop Chand Selia's objection could be treated to be one under s. 30 of
the Act. It is seen that the reference was only to adjudicate the disputes
between the petitioner and Vinod Jain, the second respondent, of the
respective liablilities and vice versa.
                                                                                G
      It is contended by Shri C.L. Sahu, learned counsel for the petitioner
that when the issues were settled by the Arbitrator with consent of parties
including Anoop Chand, they have agreed for reference of the specified
issues as indicated in para 1.2. of the Award, to be decided including the
additional issues, sought to be raised but given up, the Arbitrator found H
    424                   SUPREME COURT Rf PORTS (1994] SUPP. 2 S.C.R.

A   from the dispute as disclosed from the evidence placed before him that
    Basant Kumar was a Managing agent of the petitioner and that, they are
    entitled to the amount awarded under the Award. Anoop Chand was found
    liable to pay the amount under the hire purchase agreement and that;
    therefore, the Arbitrator was justified in gr•nting the amount.

B          As seen, when the reference was confined only to the petitioner and
    Vi nod Jain, whether the Arbitrator, without the order of reference being
    amended, could have gone into the liability of the 5th respondent, Anoop
    Chand Setia and made him liable to pay the amount indicated in the
    Award. An award derives its force from the original contract. Parties to
c   the contract, by consent, refer their dispute for settlement to a tribunal of
    their choosing, instead of to a court. Therefore, there should exist an
    agreement showing consent to refer a dispute for settlement by the ar-
                                                                                    I
    bitrator. In cases where the arbitrator enters into the consideration of the
    matters which are not referred to him or over which he has no jurisdiction
D · to !ry, the question is not one of waiver or estoppel but of authority. The
    question is whether a person, not a party to a reference but who par-
    ticipated in the award proceeding with objection and continued to par-
    ticipate in the proceedings under protest, as was done in this case, whether
    is bound by the award? Our answer is no. He is not bound by the award,
    as being without authority. After taking objection to the authority of the
E arbitrator and making protest, unless a proper reference was made by this
    court, the arbitrator does not get the authority and jurisdiction to make the
    award against a non-party to the contract. In the Law of Arbitration by
    Justice Bachawat, p. 19, it is stated that "to constitute an arbitration
    agreement, there must be an agreement, that is to say, the parties must be
F ad idem..... agreement must be made by the free consent of the parties".
    Admittedly, there is no such agreement or consent given by 5th respondent.
    His participation in the award at best after protest, would protect his
    interest or a witness and no more. It settled law that acquiscence does not
    confer jurisdiction.

G         This Court in Tarapore Co. v. State of M.P., (1994] 3 SCC 521
    specifically dealt with the aspect of acquiscence and we need not further
    elaborate it. It was held that the jurisdiction cannot be assumed by the
    Arbitrator on the basis of either acquiescence of the partirs or consent to
    the adjudication of the dispute without any reference. Accordingly, we hold
H   that the Award of the Arbitrator is clearly without jurisdiction and
                      S.R. GOND v. STATEOFM.P.                         425

authority and is accordingly set aside. Parties in terms of the order of A
reference shall pay the fee of the arbitrator.

     Since the main matter is pending, the Registry is directed to post the
main matter fQr final disposal according to law in due course.

A.G.                                                  Petition disposed of.