TUSHAR ARUN GANDHIversusSTATE OF ORISSA AND OTHER

-.                          TUSHAR ARUN GANDHI                                       A
                                           v.
                        STATE OF ORISSA AND OTHER

                               NOVEMBER 26, 1996

             [AM. AHMADI CJ. AND SUJATA V. MANOHAR, J.]
                                                                                     B

             Constitution of India I950, Article 32-Asthis (ashes) of Mahatma
      Gandhi kept in Bank locker-Grandson's efforts to peifom1 last rites-Efforts
     failed as State Government did not respond favourably-Letter addressed to
      Chief Justice of India-Treated as writ petition-Directions issued for immer-
                                                                      .      I
                                                                                     c
     sion of the ashes in river Ganga with reverance and dignityc-f'ublic interest
     litigation.

           Petitioner, the grandson of Mahatma Gandhi, came to know from
     the press reports that Mahatma Gandhi's ashes were lying in a locker at D
     State Bank of India which was deposited on behalf of the respon-
     dent-State Government. The petitioner requested the Government of
     Orissa and State Bank Officers to help him in securing the box to complete
     the last rites. His efforts having failed, he wrote a letter to the Chief Justice
     of India which was treated as Writ Petition under Article 32 of the
     Constitution.                                                                     E
           On behalf of the State Bank, it was submitted that on 29th Novem·
     her, 1950 a sealed wooden box marked "Secretary RPM Orissa" stated to
     contain the ashes of Mahatma Gandhi was deposited by the Secretary to
     the Chief Minister of Orissa.
                                                                                      F
            On behalf of the respondent State of Orissa, it was submitted that
     in the absence of records, it could not accepted that the said box contained
     the ashes of Mahatma Gandhi and was deposited by the Government for
     safe custody and that it was difficult to visualise how two years after the
     assassination, the ashes could be available for deposit. The bank as well G
     as the petitioner left it to this Court to decide on the mode of disposal of
     the Mahatma Gandhi's ashes.

           Disposing of the Writ Petition, this Court

           HELD : 1.1. It is clear that on 29th November, 1950 an urn kept in H
                                          173
    174                    SUPREME COURT REPORTS [1996] SUPP. 9 S.C.R.
A a box stated t~' contain the ashes of Mahatma Gandhi was deposited with
    the State Bank of India and no one except the petitioner has claimed the
    same so far. It is also evident from the safe deposit receipt that the
    Secretary to the Chief Minister of Orissa at the relevant date had
    deposited the urn with the Bank. There was no need for the Bank to make
    any false entry in their register and since the entry is an old one of 1950
B
    made in regular course of business of the Bank, there is no reason why it
    should be viewed with suspicion. Merely because the designation is stated
    to be 'Secretary' to the Chief Minister and not 'Private Secretary' which
    post admittedly existed then, is not a strong point to doubt the genuineness
    of the entry. Ir the Government records do not contain any note or if no
C   such note is traced it is no ground to doubt the entry in the Bank's register.
    Since the box contains an urn with ashes and no one else had claimed it
    after more than four decades there is no harm in directing the disposal of
    the ashes as prayed by the petitioner. [178-G-H; 179-A-C]

            2.1. The Chief Justice of the High Court will nominate the Registrar
D of the High Court or a senior judicial officer to take charge of the Box
    containing the urn in the presence of the petitioner along with a high level
    officer of the Bank after drawing up a memo regarding the physical
    condition. On the same day or any other appointed date to be fixed in
    consultation with the Bank officials and the petitioner, they shall carry
E   the ashes to a mutually agreed upon site on the River Ganga (the
    Ganges) for being disposed of with reveren~e and dignity behoving the
    occasion. After the same is done, the Registrar/Judicial Officer will
    submit a report to this Court addressed to the Registrar- General, who
    will include the same as part of the record with a note that it will be
    permanently preserved. [179-D-F]
F
            CIVIL ORIGINAL JURISDICTION : Writ Petition (C) No. 340 of
    1996.

            (U oder Article 32 of the Constitution of India.)
G
            Petitioner-in-person.

            Sanjay Kapur, Rajiv Kapur, Ms. S. Kapur for the Respondent Nos. 3-4.

       T.C. Sharma, P. Parmeshwaran and P.N. Misra for the Respondent
H No.5.
                   TAGANDH!v.STATE[AHMADI,J.]                          175

      The judgment of the Court was delivered by                              A
      AHMADI, CJI. Shri Tushar Arun Gandhi, the Great Grandson of ·
Mahatma Gandhi addressed a letter in the form of an appeal to one of us
(the Chief Justice of India) stating that he had come to know from Press
reports about the existence of an urn containing the ashes of his late B
Grandfather Shri M.K. Gandhi, popularly known as Mahatma Gandhi lying
in a locker in the State Bank of India, Cuttack. On learning about the same
he wrote letters to the Chief Minister and the Governor of Orissa as well
as the Chairman of the State Bank of India, Cuttack requesting them to
enquire into matter and, if the Press reports were correct to use their good
offices to help him secure the urn from the · locker to enable him to C
complete the last rites as per the Hindu religious practice. Unfortunately
he did not receive any reply to his letters from the Chief Minister or the
Governor of Orissa but the Chairman of the State Bank of India called him
and assured him that he would ascertain the facts and inform him of the
outcome of his enquiry. Sometime thereafter the Chairman verbally in- D
formed him about the existence of a box stated to contain the 'Asthis' of
Mahatma Gandhi kept in safe deposit in the year 1950 by_ the then
Secretary to the Chief Minister of Orissa. This verbal information was
followed by a letter from one Shri Mehrotra wherein he gave details of
how and when the um was deposited with the Bank. In his letter of 8th
March, 1996 Shri Mehrotra states as follows :                                E

        "(i) A sealed wooden box measuring approximately 18" x 18" x 20"
        said to contain an urn containing the ashes of Mahatma Gandhi
        was deposited with our Cuttack Branch on 29.11.1950 by the then
        Secretary to the Hon'ble Chief Minister of Orissa as a Safe Deposit
        Article. Safe Deposit Receipt No. 30/21 dated the 29th November       F
        1950 was issued by the Branch.

        (ii) The box is kept by the Branch with due care and reverence.

        (iii) In December 1994, a letter was addressed to the Chief Mini- G
        ster of Orissa and discussions took up with the Secretary to the
        Chief Minister for withdrawal of the Safe Deposit Article, but no
        re_sponse was received from them."

It was further added that since the box was deposited by the State Govern-
men~ they alone could decide on its disposal.                                 H
    176                   SUPREME COURT REPORTS (1996] SUPP. 9 S.C.R.
A          After receipt of this letter the petitioner once again addressed a
    letter to Shri J.B. Patnaik, the then Chef Minister of Orissa, Shri G.
    Ramanujarn, the then Governor of Orissa and the Chief Secretary of the
    State and requested them to help him in securing the box to enable hint to
    complete the last rites as per the Hindu religious practice. He did not
B   receive any response to his letters and so he visited Bhubaneswar on 21st
    March, 1996 and met the Chief Minister who, says he, responded by saying
    that it was a big hoax. On further enquiry as to why he considered it a hoax
    he was told that according to the State Bank of India the Secretary of the
    then Orissa Chief Minister Shri Naha Krushna Choudhury had kept the
    box in a safe deposit in 1950 when there was in fact no such post of
C   Secretary to Chief Minister in existence. He was told that was only a Private
    Secretary to the Chief Minister in those days and the Government also did
    not have any record of the deposit of the said box with the State Bank of
    India. The Chief Minister is even reported to have remarked that the State
    Bank of India was upto some mischief and so he would order a CBI enquiry
D   into the entire matter.

           The petitioner then stated that he was taken aback by what the Chief
    Minister informed him and was also surprised that a responsible officer of
    the State Bank of India was prepared to stick his neck out on such a
    sensitive issue and felt hurt that he did not realise the seriousness of the
E   matter. The Chief Minister is reported to have further stated that he was
    proposing to order a CBI enquiry so that the ashes could be. chemically
    tested to ascertain if they really belonged to Mahatma. Gandhi. He was
    informed that he would be duly informed at the conclusion of the inves-
    tigation by the CBI. In fact by the letter dated 23rct March, 1996 the
F   Commissioner-cum-Secretary to the State Government wrote to the
    General Manager (Operations), State Bank of India, Bhubaneswar that the
    State Government did not accept that the box contained the ashes of
    Mahatma Gandhi or that the State Government had, through its official,
    placed it with the Bank for safe custody. He also stated that it was open
    to the State Bank of India to dispose of the said box in any manner it
G   considered appropriate.

        In the meantime, according to the petitioner, considerable public
  opinion was created. He then proceeded on fast and ultimately the Govern-
  ment relented and stated that the Bank could do as it pleased with the box
H in question. After the Government thus withdrew the petitioner broke his
                   TAGANDH!v.STATE[AHMADl,J.]                           177
fast and approached the Bank officials in Bhubaneswar to cooperate and         A
put an end to the controversy but unfortunately in the meantime several
organisations and individuals jumped into the fray and complicated the
matter. The State Bank officials, therefore, informed the petitioner to
secure court orders on the strength whereof they could part with the
possession of the box. He, therefore, wrote the letter dated 26th May, 1996
                                                                               B
in the form of an appeal to the Chief Justice of India.

       After this letter was received, the PIL Cell of the Supreme Court
addressed letters to the State Bank of India, Cuttack as well as the
Government of Orissa in this behalf. From the replies received by the PIL
Cell it transpired that the State Bank of India was in possession of the box C
since many years and the urn bore the inscription "it contains the ashes of
Mahatma Gandhi". The State Bank of India also informed the PIL Cell
that till date no claim had been made by the Government of Orissa for its
delivery. After this exercise was undertaken by the PIL Cell of this Court,
it was directed that the letter be treated as a Writ Petition under Article D
32 of the Constitution. It was, therefore, put up before the Court on the
judicial side on 10th May, 1996 on which date we directed notices to issue
to the Union of India, State of Orissa, as well as the State Bank of India,
Cuttack returnable within 8 weeks. They were directed to file their counters
in the from of affidavits within the said time so that the Court could give
appropriate directions in the matter.                                        E

       Respondents 2 and 3 entered an appearance. On behalf of Respon·
dent No. 3 Bank an affidavit was filed wherein it was stated that the record
of the Bank revealed that on 29th November, 1950 a sealed wooden box
marked 'secretary HPM Orissa' stated to contain the ashes of Mahatma           F
Gandhi was deposited by the Secretary to the Chief Minister of Orissa,
Cutt ack and that it bore a wax seal with the words "HPM Orissa". The
affidavit then deals with the events that had followed once the matter had
come to public notice. Reference has also been made to the visit of the
petitioner to Cuttack which we have already mentioned hereinbefore. A
xerox copy of the entry in the safe deposit register of the Bank has been      G
annexed to the affidavit. The correspondence that had ensued between the
Bank and the State Government has also been appended to the affidavit.
The matter was also raised in the Rajya Sabha.

      On behalf of the State of Orissa Shri F.M. Panda, Additional H
    178                   SUPREME COURT REPORTS [1996] SUPP. 9 S.C.R.
A Secretary in the Home Department of the Government of Orissa has filed
  a counter affidavit and has stated that the Government of Orissa had
  already informed the General Manager (Operations), State Bank of India,
  Bhubaneswar by letter dated 23rd March, 1996 that the deposit of the
  wooden box said to be containing the ashes of Mahatma Gandhi purported
B to have been made by the Secretary to the then Chief Minister of Orissa
  as recorded in the said deposit register of the Bank is not reflected in any
  of the records of the State Government and hence the Commissioner-
  cum-Secretary to the Government of Orissa could not accept that the said
  box containing the ashes of Mahatma Gandhi had been deposited by the
  Government for safe custody. Since this raised a doubt as regards the
C genuineness of the claim of the State Bank of India it was left open to the
  State Bank of India to dispose of the said box in such manner as they
  deemed appropriate. It further stated that the register of the bank did not
  bear the signature of the then Secretary to the Chief Minister and that at
  the relevant point of time there was no such post in existence nor did the
D Bank possess any letter from the concerned officer supporting such
  deposit. It was also difficult to visualise how two years after the assassina-
  tion of Mahatma Gandhi his ashes could be available for deposit with the
  Bank. In these circumstances the State of Orissa was unable to positively
  respond to the enquiries made by the petitioner as well as others including
  the media in this behalf. The Government of Orissa had, therefore, left it
E to the Bank authorities to deal with the box in the manner they thought
   proper as it did not want to get involved with the disposal of the ashes. In
   other words the Government of Orissa has left it to this Court to pass such
   orders as it deems appropriate in regard to disposal of the ashes contained
  in the urn purporting to be of Mahatma Gandhi.
F
          After the pleadings were completed and the stand of the State Bank
    of India and the State of Orissa became clear, this Court issued notice on
    2nd September, 1996 to the petitioner with a view to ascertaining from him
    how best, in the circumstances, could the ashes contained in the urn he
    disposed of. The petitioner stated that he would leave it to the Court to
G   decide on the mode of disposal of the ashes.

           From the above two things clearly surface, namely (i) on 29th Novem-.
     ber, 1950 an urn kept in a box stated to contain the ashes of Mahatma
     Gandhi was deposited with the State Bank of India and (ii) no one except
H    the petitioner has claimed the same so far. It is also clear that the State of
                           TAGANDfllv.STATE[AHMADI,J.] -                       179

        Orissa has left the question of disposal of the ashes to the sole discretion A
        of the Bank since it does not desire to get involved therein. It is also evident
        from the safe ·deposit receipt that the Secretary to the Chief Minister of
        Orissa at the relevant. date had deposited the urn with the Bank. There was
        no need for the Bank to make any false entry in their register and since
        the entry is an old one of 1950 made in regular course of business of the B
        Bank we fail to see why it should be viewed with suspicion. Merely because
        the designation is stated to be 'Secretary' to the Chief Minister and not
        'private Secretary' which post admittedly existed then, is not a strong point
        to doubt the genuineness of the entry. If the Government records do not
        contain any note or if no such note is traced is no ground to doubt the
        entry in the Bank's register. But be that as it may, since the box contains C
        an urn with ashes and no one else has claimed it after more then four
        decades we see no harm in directing the disposal of the ashes as prayed
        by the petitioner.

               In the result we deem it proper to direct that the Hon'ble Chief
        Justice will nominate the Registrar of the High Court or a senior judicial D
        officer to take charge of the box containing the urn in the presence of the
        petitioner and a high level officer of the Bank after drawing up a memo
        regarding its physical condition and then seal the ,box and keep it in safe
        deposit and thereafter on the same day or on any other appointed date to
....-   be fixed in consultation with the Bank official and the petitioner, they shall E
        carry the ashes to a mutually agreed upon site on the River Ganges (the
        Ganga) for being disposed of with reverence and dignity behaving the
        occasion. After the same is done, the Registrar/Judicial Officer will submit
        a report to this Court addressed to the Registrar General who will include
        the same as a part of the record with a note that it will be permanently F
        preserved. A copy of the same will be kept with the Bank for its record
        also. This writ petition will stand so disposed of with no order as to costs.

        P.T.C.                                                Petition disposed of.