Holding

The award was not final; Parliament could modify it under Clause 21 of the JCM Scheme, and the CAT’s dismissal of the review petition was erroneous.

Summary

The Board of Arbitration under the Joint Consultative Machinery (JCM) Scheme awarded a higher pay scale to Senior Scientific Assistants effective 22 September 1982. The Government of India, without invoking the procedure in Clause 21 of the JCM Scheme, decided to implement the award from 1 January 1988, prompting the Central Administrative Tribunal (CAT) to direct implementation from the original date. Parliament later passed resolutions modifying the implementation date to 1 January 1988. The Government’s review petition before the CAT was dismissed on the ground that the resolutions could not alter the Tribunal’s judgment. The Union appealed to the Supreme Court, raising issues of whether the award had attained finality, whether Parliament could modify the award under Clause 21, and whether the review petition was maintainable. The Court held that the award was not final, that Parliament could validly modify the award under Clause 21, and that the CAT erred in dismissing the review petition. Consequently, the appeal was allowed and the CAT’s judgments were set aside.

Issues considered

The award given by the Board of Arbitration had achieved finality or remained open to modification under Clause 21 of the JCM Scheme.
Whether Parliament, by passing resolutions, could lawfully modify the award after the CAT’s judgment.
Whether the review petition filed by the Union before the CAT was maintainable.
Whether the earlier civil appeal dismissed in default barred the present appeal on the ground of res judicata.

Legislation cited

Administrative Tribunals Act, 1985s. Section 28
Central Administrative Tribunal (Procedure) Rules, 1987s. Rule 17
Code of Civil Procedure, 1908s. Section II
Constitution of Indias. Article 136, s. Article 14, s. Article 141, s. Article 16(i)

Subjects

Joint Consultative MachineryCompulsory arbitrationAward modificationParliamentary powerAdministrative TribunalFinality of awardReview petitionRes judicataNatural justice

Judgment

!

A UNION OF INDIA AND ORS.
I'.

SCIENTIFIC WORKERS ASSOCIATION (REGO.)
KANPUR AND ORS.

MARCH 18, 1994 •
B
(KULDIP SINGH AND J.S. VERMA, JJ.]

Constitution of India, 1950 :

c Articles 14, 16(i) the Joint Consultative Machinery and Compu/s,ny
Arbitration for Central Government Employees (!CM Scheme), 2
21-Power of the Parliament to alter date of implementation of award a, ier
the judgment of the TribZ<nal attained finality-Held, Tribunal's judgment
could only mean that the Govemment of India was bound to implement the
award subject to power to hat•e it modified in tenns of Clause 21 of the Jr ~M
D Scheme

Articles 136, 141-I7ze Administrative Tribunals Act, 1985, S. 28 "ad
with I7ie Central Administrative Tribunal (Procedure) Rules, 1987, l'.ule
17-When Appeal against main judgment of T1ibwwl dismissed in d<j 1ult
E whether appeal against dismissal of Review Petition competent-Held, the
issue in the present appeal not considered by the Tribunal earlier or sul1ject
matter of the earlier Appeal which in any case was dismissed for non-
prosecution-Res judicata-Code of Civil Procedure, 1908, S. II.

The ('entral Administrative Tribunal (Procedure) Ru/es-:R.ule
F 17-After T1ibunal's judgment attained finality Parliament a/terning da:e of
in1plen1enlation of a·rvard-Held, valid wound for review.

Adniinistrative Law-Natural Justice-Whether Parlianient should hear
the e111ployees before niodifying the date of i111ple111entation of award-,ield,
G not a requirement of Clause 21 of the JCM Scheme fonnulated in consult-
ation lvith eniployees.

The Board of Arbitration constituted under the Joint consultative
Machinery for Central Government employees (JCM Scheme) ga.,e an
award granting higher pay scale to Senior Scientific Assistants in the
H Department of Defence Production, Government of India with effect from
124
\
U.0.1. ;·_SCIENTIFIC WORKERS ASSN. 12:i
'" -. .
Septl'ntbl'r 22, 1982. During the pendencY. of an application by the Respon- A
dt'nt before the Central A.chninistrative Tribunal for a direction to the
Governn1ent to in1ple1uent the invarcl, the Governrnent decided to in1plt~
n1ent the onn1rd \\'ith etl'ect front January 1. 1988. The Trihunal held that
the governnu:nt could n1odi(v the date of hnple1nentation of the a\\'ard only
after Parlian1ent gives its approval to such n1ndilication as per the proce-
dure laid do\\11 in Clause 21 of the JCl\1 Schen1e. That not having been
B
•
done, the a\\-·ard had to be imple1uented \l'ith efl'ect front September 22,
1982.

Thereafter the Parlian1ent adopted a resolution nutdifying the date
of implementation of the award from September 22, 1982 to January 1, C
1988. The Government then filed a Revie\\1 Petition before the Tribunal
which was dismissed on the ground that the resolution adopted by Parlia-
ment could not have the eft'ect of modifying the judgment of the Tribunal.

After its appeal against the Tribunal's main judgment \\'as dismissed
by this Court in default the Government filed the present appeal against D
the .Tribunal's order dismissing its Review Petition. The Respondents
raised a preliminary objection that in view of the earlier judgment of the
Tribunal having attained finality, the present appeal where the same
question was being agitated was not competent.

Allowing the appeal, this Court E

HELD : 1.1. In the present case the award given by the Board had
not achieved finality in the sense that it was open to the Government of
India to have invoked the procedure envisaged under Clause 21 of the JCM
Scheme. The judgment of the Tribunal directing implementation of the
F
award could only mean that the Government of India was bound to
implement the award subject to its power to have it modified in terms of
Clause 21 of the JCM Scheme. [132-D-E)

1.2. It cannot be said that the Parliament had no power to modify
the terms of the reference after the judgment of the Court. [133-8) G

Madan Mohan Pathak, [1978) SCC (L & SJ 103; L.l.C. v. DJ.
Bahadur, (1981) SCC (L & S) 111 and A. V Nachane v. Union of India,
[1982) SCC (L & S) 53, distinguished.

1.3. The two Houses of Parliament having passed the Resolutions the H
!

12(1 SUPREME COURT REPORTS j1994J 3 S.C.R.

A an·ard stood modified in tern1s of the Resolution and as such car 1 be
••
inlplemented with etl'ect from January 1, 1988 as resolved and not from
Septemebr 22, 1982, the dale of Courts award. [133-D-E]

2. Even if it is assumed that the judgment of the Tribunal in OA
952/86 has achieved finality it is of no consequence because the issue before
B us was not. befor:-e the Tribunal at that stage. The <1uestion for considera-
tion is whether the procedure under Clause 21 of the JCM Scheme has
been legally followed, if so, with what efl'ect. This lJUestion could not heen
and was not the subject matter of Civil Appeal No. 3769/90. In any 1ase,
the said appeal was not decided by this Court on merits. [131-A-B]
c 3. The adoption of the resolutions by the Parliament was certai11ly a
valid ground for filing the review petition. the Tribunal fell into pa tent
error in dismissing the review petition. (130-E]

4. The affording of an opportunity to the respondents by the Parlia-
D men! does not appear to be a requirement of Clause 21 of the JCM Sch,,me.
[134-C-D]
CIVIL APPELLATE JURISDICTION : Civil Appeal No. 39:4 of
-',
1990.

From the Judgment and Order dated 10.4.90 of the Central Ad-
E minislrative Tribu"al, Principal Bench al New Delhi in R.A. No. 30 of 1990
in O.A. No. 952 of 1986.

V.R. Reddy, Addi. Solicitor General C.B. Babu, CVS Rao, Smhma
Suri & S.N. Terdal for the Appellants.
F S.K. Dholakia, R.P. Oberoi and B.S. Gupta for the Respondenl.

The Judgment of the Court was delivered by

KULmP SINGH, J. The demand, by the Senior Scientific Assis ants
\Vorking in lhe Department of Defence Production, Government of India,
G for revision of pay-scale, \Vas referred to the Board of Arbitration (the
Board) constituted under the scheme called Joint Consultative Mahinery
and Compulsory Arbitration for Central Government Employees (:'CM ~

Scheme). The Board gave its award on August 12, 1985 granting higher •
pay-scale to the Senior Scientific Assistants with effect from September 22,
H 1982. Scientific Workers Association, respondent in tlie appeal herein, filed
-j \
~.

U.0.1. v. SCIENTIFIC WORKERS ASSN. [KULDIP SINGH, J.] 127
.
' < OA 952/86 before the Central Administrative Tribunal, Principal Bench, A
New Delhi (Tribunal) seeking a direction to the Government of India to
implement the award. During the pendency of the application Government
of India, on November 11, 1988 decided to implement the award with effect
from January 1, 1988.

The question before the Tribunal was whether the Government of B
India could modify the award so as to alter the date of its implementation
, from September 22, 1982 to January 1, 1988. The Tribunal answered the
question in the negative, allowed OA 952/86 and directed the Government
of India to implement the award with effect from Septemer 22, 1982.

The Government of India placed the matter before the Cabinet
c
· which took a decision on August 23, 1989 to move a resolution before the
Parliament under Clause 21 of the JCM Scheme for modification of the
date of implementation of the award from September 22, 1982 to January
1, 1988. Lok Sabha adopted the resolution on October 13, 1989 approving
the modification of the date of implementation of the award and similar D
resolution was passed by the Rajya Sabha on December 29, 1989.

Union of India, meanwhile filed special leave petition No. 14911/89
on November 9, 1989 against the judgment of the Tribunal which was
_, granted on August 3, 1990 giving rise to civil appeal No. 3769 of 1990.
E
After the adoption of resolutions by the two Houses of Parliament
the Union of India filed a review petition before the Tribunal which was
dismissed on April 10, 1990 on the ground that the resolutions adopted by
the two Houses of Parliament could not have the effect of modifying the
judgment of the Tribunal dated August 10, 1989.
F
It would be relevant to mention that Civil Appeal 3769 of 1990 was
'· dismissed by this Court 'in default.

This appeal by the Union of India is against the judgment of the
Tribunal dated August 10, 1989 in OA 952/86 and also against the order G
of the Tribunal dated April 10, 1990 rejecting the review application filed
by the Union of India.

At this stage it would be Useful to have a look at the relevant
provisions of the JCM Scheme. The Scheme - on ihe pattern of the Whitely
Machinery in the U.K. - was recommended by the Second Pay Commission. H
f
128 SUPREME COURT REPORTS [1994] 3 i.C.R.

A After working out the details in consultation with the leaders of the
employees, the Scheme was introduced in the year 1966. At that time it
broadly covered 2.5 out of 2.6 millon regular civil employees of the Central
Government. The Scheme is a voluntary one and the Government as well
as the Staff Associations/Unions participating in the Scheme are recuired
to subscribe a Declartion of Joint Intent which, inter alia, provid1;s for
B abjuration of agitational methods by the staff Union/Association for rcdres-
sal of their grievances. Clauses 16 to 21 of the .ICM Scheme which provide
for the Machinery of Arbitration are reproduced hereunder :

11
Arbitration :
c 16. Compulsory arbitration shall be limited lo :

(i) pay and allowances.

(ii) weekly hours of work, and
D
(iii) leave

of a class or grade of employees.

17. Cases of individuals shall not be subject to compu sory
E arbitration.

18. A dispute shall not be referred to arbitration unless it has
been considered by the National Council or the appropriate
Departmental Council, as the case may be, and final disagreer lent
between the two sides has been recorded. If there is a dispute
F relating to an arbitrable matter in a lower council it will be phced
before the Departmental Council concerned.

19. On a final disagreement being recorded as mentioned in
clause 18, the Government shall appoint a Board o[ Arbitratio 1 as
soon as possible. The Board will consist of 3 members, one dr. l\Vn
G
from a panel of 5 names submitted by the official side, one from
a similar panel submitted by the staff side of the National Cou11cil,
and a chairman who \Vill be an independent person. The members
and the Chairman will be selected by the Minister of Labour. ..
H 20. (i) In determining a dispute the Board of Arbitration s iall
U.O.l. v. SCIENTIFIC WORKERS ASSN. [KULDTP SINGH, J.] 129

examine the merits of the case presented by both the official and A
staff sides, and take into account all other relevant factors including
the principles enunciated in any recent report of a Commission of
enquiry etc.

(ii) Matters, determined by the Government in accordance with
the recommendations of a Commission will not be subject to B
arbitration for a period of. 5 years from the date of the recommen-
dations, after which they will become arbitrable with reference, as
far as possible, to the factors referred to in (i) above.

21. Subject to the overriding authority of Parliament, recom-
mendations of the Board of Arbitration will be binding on both
c
sides.

If, for reasons to be recorded in \Vriting, the Central govern-
ment is of opinion that all or any of the recommendations of Board
of Arbitration should on grounds affecting national economy or D
social justice be modified, the Central Government shall, as soon
as may be, lay before each House of Parliament the report of the
Board containing such recommendations together with the
modifications proposed and the reasons, therefore, and thereupon
Parliament may n1ake such modifications in the recommendations
E
as it n1ay deem fit. Modification may extend to the rc_jcction of a
rccornmendation. 1'

Mr S.K. Dholakia, learned counsel for the respondents has raised a
preliminary objection. According to him Civil Appeal No. 3769 of 1990,
having been dismissed by this Court, the present appeal was not competent. F
The precise contention is that the judgment of the Tribunal in OA 952/86,
direc.:ting the Government of India to implement the award with effect from
September 22, 1982 having been upheld by this Court - by dismissing CA
3769/90 - it has· achieved finality and as such the same question cannot be
agitated in the present appeal. We do not agree with the contention of the
learned counsel. The Tribunal delivered its judgment in OA 952/86 on G
August 10, 1989 whereas the two Houses of Parliament approved the
modification of the award on October 13, 1989 and December 29, 1989
respectively. The action of the Parliament was not the subject mattc.r of
controversy before the Tribunal. It would be useful to quote, hereunder,
two paragraphs from the judgment of the Tribunal :- H
130 SUPREME COURT REPORTS [1994] 3 S.C.R.

A "15. An award could be modified only by the Central Government
laying before such House of Parliament the report of the Board
containing recommendations together with the modifications
proposed and the reasons therefor and after Parliament gives its
approval to the modifications sought. Where it is proposed to
reject or modify an Award, the department concerned should first
B consult the Department of Personnel and Training and seek the
approval of the Cabinet to take suitable steps to obtain
Parliament's specific directions on the suggested modifications.

16. Giving effect to the Award from 1.1.1988 and not from
c 22.9.1982 amounts to modification of the recommendation made
by the Board of Arbitration. There is no indication in the records
that the Award in the instant case was sought to be modified by
the Government in accordance with the procedure envisaged in
Clause 21 of the J.C.M. Scheme or that the Parliament gave its
approval to the modification of the Award so as to give effect to
D
it only from 1.1.1988 and not from 22.9.1982, as stipulated in the
Award. In the facts and circumstances, we are of the opinion that
the applicants arc entitled lo the benefit conferred by the Award
w.e.f. 22nd September, 1982 and not from 1.1.1988."

E We are of the view that after the adoption of the resolutions by the
twu Houses of Parliament a new situation had arisen. It is no doubt correct
that the passing of the resolutions by itself, could not have the effect of
modifying the judgment of the Tribunal but it was certainly a valid ground
for filing the review petition. The Tribunal directed the enforcement of the
F award with effect from September 22, 1982 because by that date the
procedure envisaged under Clause 21 of the JCM Scheme had not been
followed. The Tribunal did not and could not have restrained the Govern-
ment of India from invoking the said procedure. The Government of India,
ordinarily, is bound by the award given by the Board unless the same is
modified or rejected by the Parliament. As stated above, immediatedly
G after the judgment of the Tribunal, the Cabinet took a decision on August
23, 1989 and the two Houses of Parliament passed the resolutions modify-
ing the award. The situation which emerged as a result of the resolutions
passed by the two Houses of Parliament was not before the Tribunal in
OA 952/86. That was brought before the Tribunal by the Union of India
H by filing the Review Petiton. It is, therefore, the judgment of the Tribunal
U.O.l. v. SCIENTIFIC WORKERS ASSN. [KULDIP SINGH. J.] 131

in the Review Petiton which dealt with the question before us. Even if it is A
assumed that the judgment of the Tribunal in OA 952/86 has achieved
finality it is of no consequence because the issue before us was not before
the Tribunal at that stage. The question for our consideration is whether
the procedure under Clause 21 of the JCM Scheme has been legally
followed, if so, with what effect. This question could not have been and
was not the subject, matter of civil appeal No. 3769/90. In any case, the said
B
appeal was not decided by this Court on merits. It was dismissed for non-
prosecution and in defualt. There is no adjudication by this Court on the
merits of the controversy involved in the said appeal. We, therefore, see
no force in the preliminary contention of the learned counsel and, as such,
we reject the same. c
The Tribunal - despite its finding that the Parliament was competent
to modify the award - dismissed the Review Petition on the following
reasoning :-

D
"On the merits, it was argued by the learned counsel for the
petitioners that Parliament is supreme and that under JCM
scheme, Parliament is competent to modify the Award given by
Board of Arbitration. To that extent, the position stated by him is
unexceptionable. Ho\vever, there is nothing in the Resolution
adopted by the Lok Sabha and the Rajya Sabha to indicate that E
the directions issued to the petitioners by the judgment of this
Tribunal dated 10.8.1989 in OA 952/86 have been sought to be
moJified by Pctrlia111cnt. Tl1c 4uc:.'ltion ari~es whether the directions
of this Tribunal in its judgmenr <lated 10.8.19~9 that the Union of
India shall i1nplcn11:~nt the A\vard of the Board of Arbitration \Vith F
cffccl frotn 2~.9.Fl~l, anU not \Vith effect frotn 1.1.1988 and that
they should pay the arrears of pay and allowances to the Senior
Scientific Assistants 0n the said basis, together \vith interest at the
rate ol JO':::l per <.1nnun1 lron1 2.9.1982 to the date ot:paymcnt) can
be Mullifie<l or set at naught by subsequent 'legislative action taken
by Parliament. .............. The ratio of the decisions of the Supreme G
Court in Pathak's case, B.:d1J.dur's case and Nachanc's case is that
a writ issued by the High Court cannot be overridden or nullified
retrospectively even by legislation. In our opinion, having regard
to the ratio in the aforesaid decisions, the modification of the
Award given by the Board of Arbitration in the instant case which H
I
)
132 SUPREME COURT REPORTS !1994] 3 S.C.R.
A is sought to be made by the Resolutions adopted by the Lok Sabha >
on 13th October, 1989 and by the Rajya Sabha on 29th December,
1989 cannot nullify or render nugatory the directions issued by this
Tribunal in its judgment dated .10.8.1989. The directions issued by
the Tribunal cannot be set at naught retrospectively by such legis-
lation .............................. In our opinion, the Resolutions adopted
B by both Houses of Parliament do not have the effect of modifying
the judgment of this Tribunal dated 10.8.1989. Therefore, the
respondents are bound lo comply with lhc directions contained in
the sai<ljudgn1cnL In the conspectus of thu facts and circumstance~
of the case, we find no merit in the present review petition and
c the same is rt'._j ected. 11

We are of the view that the reliance by the Tribunal on the judgments
of this Court in Madan Mohan Pathak v. Union of India, 11978] SCC (L &
S) 103, L.I.C. v. DJ. Bahadur, IJ.981] SCC (L & S) 111 and A. V. Nachane
D v. Union of India, [1982] SCC (L & S) 53, is wholly misplaced. These
judgments have no relevance whatsoever to the facts of the present case.

In the present case the award given by the Board had not achieved
finality in the sense that it was open to the Government of India to have /
invoked the procedure envisaged under Clause 21 of the JCM Scheme. The
E judgment of the Tribunal directing the implementation of the award could
only mee.n that the Government of lndia was bound to implement the
award subject to its power to have it modified in terms of Clause 21 of the
JCM Scheme. The judgment of the Tribunal could not be read to mean
that the Government of India was precluded from proceeding under Clause
F 21 of the .ICM Scheme.

The matter can be examined from another angle. Government of
India took a decision on November 11, 1988 to implement the award with
effect fro1n January ·1, 1988. That decision \Vas taken by the Government
of India without invoking the procedure under Clause 21 of the .ICM
G Scheme. Till August 10, 1989 when the Tribunal decided OA 952/86 the
decision of the Government of India was sub-judice before the Tribunal.
\Vhile interpreting the provisions of the JCM Scheme, the Tribunal ca111e
to the conslusion that \Vithout resorting to the provisions of Clause 21 of
the JCM Scheme the Government of India was bound to implement the
H a\vard as given by the Board and the Government of India had no power
U.0.1. '"SCIENTIFIC WORKERS ASSN. [KULDIP SINGH, J.) 133

.. to alter the date of implementation of the award to the detriment of the A
respondents. In pith and substance, the question before the Tribunal was
whether the Government of India without resorting to the provisions of
Clause 21 of the JCM Scheme could have changed the terms of the award
to the disadvantage of the respondents. The Tribunal answered the ques·
tion in .the negative. Immediately thereafter the Government of India in
B
accord with the judgment of the Tribunal placed the matter before the
Cabinet which took the decision on August 23, 1989 to the effect that a•
resolution be moved in tho Parliament under Clause 21 of the JCM Scheme
for impl~menting the award with effect from January 1, 1988. In this view
of the matter it is wholly futile to say that the Parliament had no power to
modify the terms of the reference after the judgment of the Court. We are c
of the view that the Tribunal fell into patent error in dismissing the review
petition on the basis of the misplaced - reliance on the three judgments of
this Court (supra).

Clause 21 of the JCM Scheme clearly lays down that the Central D
Govern~ent in the interests of national economy or social justice can lay
the award before each House of Parliament for the modifications of the
• recommendations of Board. There is no material on the record to show
that the exercise of power by the Central Government under Clause 21 of
the JCI\1 Scheme is vitiated in any manner. The two }louses of Parliament
having passed the Resolutions the a~·ard stood modified in terms of the E
Resolution and as such can be implemented with effect from January 1,
1988 and not from September 22, 1982.

Mr. Dholakia, learned counsel for the respondents has invited our
attention to the office memorandum issued by the Government of India,
F
Department of Personnel and Training dated January 20, 1988. Learned
counsel.for the appellants has also placed before us the Memorandum
dated June 10, 1988 issued by the same authority.' Both these memoran-
dums lay dm'n time schedule for the implementation of the award. These
memorandums \Vere issued in Lhe year 19§3 \Vhereas the award in this case G
was given in the year )985. The respondents filed the application before
the Central Administrative Tribunal in the year 1986 which was decided
on August 10, 1989. May be because the matter was sub-judice, the
Government of India did not take any decision under Clause 21 of the JCM
Scheme. As mentioned above immediately after the judgment the Cabinet, H
134 SUPREME COURT REPORTS [1994] 3 S.C.R.

A on August 23, 1989, took the decision to lay the award before the Parlia- .•
ment for modification. In the facts and circumstances of this case, \Ve see
no delay on the part of the Government of India in placing the award
before the Parliament for modification. We are, however, of the view that
the Government of India should, ordinarily, follow the time schedule
B prescribed in the above mentioned memorandums. The decision as to
whetner the provisions of clause 21 of the JCM Scheme are to be invoked
in a given case should be taken within a reasonable time.

The argument of Mr. Dholakia that before passing the Resolution
the Parliament should have given an opportunity of hearing to the respon-
C dents, has been noticed to be rejected. The JCM Scheme has been formu-
lated in consultation with the representatives of the employees. The parties
have by consent left the residuary power to modify or reject the award with
the Parliament. In any case the affording of an opportunity to the respon-
dents by the Parliament does not appear to be a requirement of Clause 21
D of the JCM Scheme.

We allow the appeal, set aside the judgment of the Tribunal dated
August 10, 1989 and also set aside the judgment of the Tribunal dated April
10,1990. Review Petition 30/90 in OA 952/86 is allowed and QA 952/86 filed j

by the respondent before the Tribunal is dismissed. We leave the parties
E to bear own costs.

CIVIL APPEAL NO. 2130 OF 1994.

(Arising out of SLP (CJ No. 5957/94, CC No. 21832/93.)

F ORDER

Delay condoned.

Special lea\·e granlcll.

G In view of our judgment in Civil Appeal No. 3954of1990 titled Union
of India & Ors. v. Scientific W01*e1>· Association (Regd.) Kanpur & Ors., we
allow the appeal set aside the impugned judgment of the Central Ad-
ministrative Tribunal, Jabalpur, dated September 1, 1989 and dismiss the
Original Application No. 49 of 1987 filed by the respondents before the
H Tribunal. No costs.
\
U.0.!. v. SCIENTIFIC WORKERS ASSN. 135

CIVIL APPEAL NO. 1883 OF 1994. A
(Arising out of SLP (C) No. 14920/92.)

ORDER

Special leave granted.
B
In view of our judgment in Civil Appeal No. 3954 of 1990 titled Union
of India & Ors. v. Scientific Workers Association (Regd.) Kanpur & Ors., we
allow the appeal, set aside the impugned judgment of the Central Ad-
ministrative Tribunal, Madras Bench, dated April 30, 1992 and dismiss the
Original Application No. 249 of 1989 filed by the respondents before the C
Tribunal. No costs.

S.M. Appeal allowed.
Original Application Nos. 49/87 & 249/89 dismissed.