UNION OF INDIA & ORSversusKIRLOSKAR PNEUMATIC CO. LTD.

A                           UNION OF INDIA & ORS
                                     v.
                        KIRLOSKAR PNEUMATIC CO. LTD.

                                     MAY 6, 1996

B               [B.P. JEEVEN REDDY AND SUHAS C. SEN, JJ.J

            Customs Act, 1962 :

            S. 27-Reftmd of duty-Pe1iod of Limitation-Imponer filing appifra-
C   lion claiming refund of dut1~-In the >Viii petition filed by impmter High Cowt
    directing the Custun1s Autnu1ities nut tu reject the refund application un the
    ground of lbnitation-Hcid, custvnzs authu1ities, who are creatures of the Act,
    nut be directed to ignore or act cuntra1y to s. 27-0rdcr of High C'oiut set
    aside and 11u1tter reniitted tu it for di.~pusal in accordance with law.

D           Constitution of lndia, 1950:

         A1tic/e 226/227-Higli Cowt directing Customs autho1ities not to reject
    on ground of lin1itation, the application for rejiuzd of duty filed by i111-
    P<Nter-Held, it is not pennissible for the High c.:ozat to direct the autho1ities
    under the Custonzs Act to act contra1)1 to statutory provisions-Poiver con-
E   feired by A1tic/e 226/227 is designed to effectuate the law, to enforce the Rule
    of Law and to ensure that several auth01ities and organs of State act in
    accordance Jvith la~It cannot be invoked for directing the authorities to act
    contrmy to /af>!.

F          Collector of Central Excise, Chandigarh v. Mis. Doaba Co-operative
    Sugar Mills Ltd., Ja/andhm; (1988) 37 E.L.T. 478 (SCJ) and Miles India Ltd.
    v. Assistant Collector of Customs, (1987) 30 E.L.T. 641 S.C., relied on.

            CIVIL APPELLATE JURISDICTION : Civil Appeal No. 7722 of
    1996.
G
         From the Judgment and Order dated 23.6.1995 of the Bombay High
    Court in W.P. No. 396 of 1987.

            N.K. Bajpai, S.D. Sharma and V.K. Verma for the Appellants.

H           Harshad Hidayatullah, Shri Narain, Sandeep Narain and Ms. S.S.
                                       326
              U.0.1. v. KIRLOSKAR PNEUMATIC CO. LTD.                      327

Kher for the Respondent.                                                         A

     The following Order of the Court was delivered :

      Leave granted. Heard the Counsel for the parties.

     This appeal is directed against, what is called, "Minutes of the order"     B
made by the Bombay High Court on 23rd June, 1995. The order· reads :

        "l. The Petitioners will file an application for refund, in respect of
        the consignmepts imported as referred to in this Petition, in the
        prescribed form as per the amended section 27 of the Customs
        Act, 1962, within 2 weeks from today.                                    c
        2. The_ Respondents will dispose of the aforesaid Refund Claim,
        an melits, within 10 weeks from the filing of the same.

        3. The Respondents shall not reject the refund application on the        D
        ground that it is time barred.

        4. The Petition is disposed of accordingly.

        5. No order as to costs.'1
                                                                                 E
      The Revenue is questioning the validity and correctness of clause (3)
of the said order whereby the High Court has directed the authorities
under the Customs Act not to reject the respondent's application for
refund on the ground that it is time barred and to dispose it of on merits.

       The respondent imported certain goods between Ferbuary 1983 and F
July 1985. There was a dispute between the respondent and the Customs
Authorities with respect to the clussificatioh of goods. The duty as
demanded by the authorities was paid by the respondent and the goods
cleared. Thereafter, the respondent filed the refund application. The ap-
pellant says that the respondent preferred an appeal which was rejected by
the Appellate Authority and that instead of filing the further appeal, the G
respondent approached the Bombay High Court. The respondent disputes
this statement. He says that he did not file any appeal but approached the
High Court straight away. Be that as it may. The prayer in the writ petition
was to issue an appropriate writ, order and direction to the Customs
Authorities to refund the excess customs duty levied upon the goods H
    328                   SUPREME COURT REPORTS [1996] SUPP. 2 S.C.R.

A   imported by the respondent and collected from it. The respondent also
    claimed interest at the rate of 18% per annum on the said order. The writ
    petition was filed in the year 1987.

         The appellants state that they contested the writ petition but the
    High Court passed the impuned 'minutes of the order'. Indeed Mr.
B   Hidayatullah, learned counsel for the respondent states that the order
    impugned herein is the standard order which is usually passed by the
    Bombay High Court in all such matters.

           In this appeal we are not concerned either with the maintainability
    of the writ petition or its merits. The only contention raised and which we
c   are considering is whether the direction given by the High Court that the
    Customs Authorities ''shall not reject the refuncl application on the ground
    that it is time barred", is valid in law. With respect we think that it is not.

          In Collector of Central Excise, Chandigarh v. M/s. Doaba Co-operative
D   Sugar Mills Ltd., Jalandhar, A.LR. (1988) S.C. 2052 ~ (1988) 37 E.L.T.
    478, this Court had observed.

             "6. It appears that where the duty has been levied without the
             authority of law or without reference to any statutory authority or
             the specific pro,isions of the Act and the Rules framed thereunder
E            have no application, the decision will be guided by the general law
             and the date of limitation would be the starting point when the
             mistake or the error comes to light. But in making claims for refund
             before the departmental authority, an assessee is bound wthin four
             corners of the Statute and the period of limitation prescribed in
F            the Central Excise Act and the Rules framed thereunder must be
             adhered to. The authorities functioning under the Act are bound
             by the provisions of the Act. If the proceedings are taken under
             the Act by the department, the prmisions of limitation prescribed
             in the Act will prevail. It may, however, be open to the department
             to initiate proceedings in the Civil Court for recovery of the amount
G            due to the department in case when such a remedy is open on the
             ground that the money received by the assessee was not in the
             nature of refund. This was the view taken by the Tribunal in a
             previous clccision in the case of Miles India Ltd. v. The Asstt.
             Collector of Customs, but it was assailed before this Court. The
H            appeal was withdrawn. This Court observed that the Customs
              U.O.l. v. KIRLOSKAR PNEUMATIC CO. LTD.                       329

        Authorities, acting under the Act, were justified in disallowing the A
        claim for refund as they were bound by the period of limitation
        provided therefor in the relevant provisions of the Customs Act,
        1962. If really the payment of the duty was under a mistake of Jaw,
        the party might seek recourse to such alternative remedy as it might
        he advised. See the observations of this Court in Miles India Ltd.
                                                                             B
        v. 17ze Assistant Collector of Custom>~ (1987) 30 E.L.T. 641, (S.C.)
         = (1985) E.CR. 289."

      Inasmuch as the earlier decision of this Court in Miles India Ltd. v.
Assistant Collector of Customs, (1987) 30 E.L.T. 641 (S.C.), has practically
been reproduced in the above extract, we do not think it necessary to refer       C
to that decision.

      Sectoin 27 of the Customs Act provides for claims for refund of duty.
The section has been substituted by a new section by Central Act 40 of
1991 ('vith effect from September 20, 1991). The amended Section 27
severely curtails the right to refund but for the purpose of this appeal, it is   D
not necessary to refer to that aspect. Suffice it to say that sub-sections (1)
and (2) of Section 27 (both before and after amendment) provide for filing
an application for amendment within a period of six months of the payment
of duty except in a case where it has been paid under protest. What is
relevant herein is sub-section (4) of unamended Section 27 and sub-section        E
(3) of amended Section 27. It would be sufficient if we set out the said
sub-sections. Sub-section (4) of unamended Section 27 read as follows :

        "27(4) Save as provided in section 26, no claim for refund of any
        duty shall be entertained except in accordance with the provisions
        of this section."                                                         F

      Sub-section (3) of amended Section 27 reads thus :

        "27(3) Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained in any
        judgment, decree, order or direction of the Appellate Tribunal or         G
        any Court or in any other provision of this Act or the regulation
        made thereunder or any other law for the time being in force, no
        refund shall be made except as provided in sub-section (2)".

     According to these sub-sections, a claim for refund or an order of
refund can be made only in accordance with the provisions of Section 27 H
    330                   SUPREME COURT REPORTS [1996] SUPP. 2 S.C.R.

A which inter alia includes cases the period of limitation mentioned therein.
    Mr. Hidayatullah submitted that the period of limitation prescribed by
    Section 27 does not apply either to a suit filed by the importer or to a writ
    petition filed by him and that in such cases the period of limitatoin would
    be three years. Learned counsel refers to certain decisions of this Court to
    that effect. We shall assume for the purposes of this appeal that it is so,
B   notwithstanding the fact that the said question is now pending before a
    larger Constitution Bench of nine Judges along with the issue relating to
    unjust enrichment. Yet the question is whether it is permissible for the
    High Court to direct the authorities under the Act to act contrary to the
    aforesaid statutory provision. We do not think it is, even while acting under
c   Article 226 of the Constitution. The power conferred by Article 226/227 is
    designed to effectuate the law, to enforce the Rule of law and to ensure
    that the several authorities and organs of the State act in accordance with
    law. It cannot be invoked for directing the authorities to act contrary to
    law. In particular, the Customs authorities, who are the creatures of the
D   Customs Act, cannot be directed to ignore or act contrary to Section 27,
    whether before or after amendment. May be the High Court or a Civil
    Court is not bound by the said provisions but the authorities under the Act
    are. Nor can there be any question or the High Court clothing the
    authorities with its power Article 226 or the power of a civil court. No such
    delegation or conferment can ever be conceived. We are, therefore, of the
E   opinion that the direction contained in clause (3) of the impugned order
    is unsustainable in law. When we expressed this view during the hearing
    Mr. Hidayatullah requested that in such a case the matter be remitted to
    the High Court and the High Court be left free to dispose of the writ
    petition according to law.
F
          The appeal is accordingly allowed, the order under appeal is set
    aside in its entirity and the matter is remitted to the High Court for disposal
    in accordance with law. We reiterate that we express no opinion upon the
    maintainability or the merits of the writ petition. That is for the High Court
    to consider.
G
           There shall be no order as to costs.

    R.P.                                                         Appeal allowed.