UNION OF INDIAversusKOLLUNI RAMAIAH AND ORS.

A                             . UNION OF INDIA
                                         v.
                        KOLLUNI RAMAIAH AND ORS.'

                              NOVEMBER 16, 1993

B             [M.N. VENKATACHALIAH, CJI, S. MOHAN AND
                         DR. A.S. ANAND, JJ.)

             Land Acquisition-Requisitioning and Acquisition of Immovable
 · Property Act, 1952-ss.7, 8.(3}-Acquisition of requisitioned Land-Compen-
C sation-Solatium and interest-Held, Award granting solatium @ 15% and
 -"
    ,,,iierest"' @ in
                    6% case of acquisition underAct as bad in law.
                 .....
          Constitution of India, 1950-Artic/es 136, 142:-Acquisition of land
  .u,,det Requisitioning and Acquisition of Immovable Property Act,
O 195~mpensation-Award by Arbitrator enhancing compensation ~s we/(
 · ~ awarding Solatium @_15.%-and Interest @ 6%--0n app~al by land
   owners, High Court }'Uiiher enhancing compensation retaining solatium and
   interest as awarded by Arbitrato~nion of India though main affected party, -
   not made a party to proceedings either before Arbitrator or High Couf:t-SpC-
   cial leave petitions by Union of India-Held, must be treated as cross-obfec-
E tlons under Order 41, Rule 22 C.P.C. before High Court against award of
   Arbitrator.

          Certain lands of the respondent-land owners were acquired fo~
    defence purposes under the Requisitioning and Acquisition A~t, 1952.
    Slnce the compensa~icm at the rate of.Rs. 10 .per sq. yard f1Xed under s.8(3)
F   of the Act WaS not acceptable to the respondents, a reference was ~ade to
    the Arbitrator, who enhanced the compensation to Rs.' 15 per sq. yard and
    also awarded solatium at 15% and interest at 6%.

          On appeal by the land owners, the High Court further enhanced the
G compensation to Rs. 20 per sq. yard and retained the award of Arbitrator
    as regards solatium and interest.                                     /



          The appellant-Union of India, which was the main party affected by
    the enhancement of the compensation but was not a party to the proceed·
    lngs either before the arbitrator or the High Court, flied an application
H   for permission to prefer the appeals by special leave.         '
    .\                                  694
                        U.0.1. I'. K. RAMAIAH                           695

      It was contended on behalf of the appellant that, in view of this        A
Court's pronouncement thut award of solatium and interest was not
permissible in a case of ac11uisition of property under the Act, this Court
could set aside the same; and even otherwise since that part of the award
got merged with the judgment of the High Court; this Court could inter·
fere.
                                                                               B
      The respondents contended that the award had become final not
having been appealed against, and since the finality of the award could not
be disturbed in the appeals filed by the land owners in the High Court
unless the Union of India had filed a separate appeal questioning the grant
of solatium and interest, the application by Union of India for permission     c
to prefer special leave petitions was not maintainable.

     Granting the permission to prefer the special leave petitions and
disposing of the appeals, this Court.

      HELD : 1. In view of the categoric pronouncement of this Court•,         D
the award granting solatium at the rate of 15% and interest at the rate of
6% in the instant case of acquisition of property under the Requisitioning
and Acquisition Act, 1952, is bad in law, and that part of the award is set
aside. The enhancement of compensation is not interfered with as con·
ceded by the Union of India. (699-E]                                           E
     *Union of India v. Hari Krishan Khosla, (dead) by Lrs. JT (1992) 5
SC 574, relied on.

      2.1. Once there is patent illegality in the award, this Court is not
powerless as not to grant any relief to the Union of India which was neither   F
impleaded before the Arbitrator nor before the High Court. It cannot be
said that the award of Arbitrator had become final and cannot be reopened
because the matter is still kept alive by the Union of India. [698-GJ

      2.2. In exercise of the powers under Article 142 of the Constitution
the special leave petitions must be treated as Cross-objections under          G
Order 41, Rule 22, C.P.C. before the High Court against the award of the
Arbitrator. Normally, in such an event the matter should be remitted to
the High Court, but in the circumstances of this case such a course will
not only prolong the issue but also would amount to directing the High
Court to do the obvious. [699·A·DJ                                             H
         696                    SUPREME COURT REPORTS (1993) SUPP. 3        s:c.R.    ~




     A         2.3. Though in one sense the principle of merger would apply, but
         interference on that count would cause immense prejudice to the respon-
         dents. They cannot be worse off for having preferred appeals to the .High
         Court. [698-E]

               CIVIL APPELLATE JURISDICTION: Civil Appeal Nos. 7015-19
     B of 1993.

              From the Judgment and Order dated 2.3.88 of the Andhra Pradesh
         High Court in C.M.A. Nos. 137/82, 741/82, 196 and 118/83, 450of1982.

               Girish Chandra, Ms. A.Subhashini and C.V.S. Rao for the Appellant.
     c
               Vinial\Dave and Subba Rao for Re~pondent No. 1.

               The Judgment of the Court was delivered by

              MOHAN, J. Delay condoned. Permission to prefer Special Leave
     D Petitions granted.

               Leave granted.

               The fact leading to these appeals are as under :
     E          An extent of 6.50 acres of land in village Marripalam Taluk and
         District Visakhapatnam was requisitioned for defence purposes in the year
         1942. Subsequently they were acquired under the Requisitioning & Ac-
         quisition of Immovable Property Act, 1952 (Central Act 30 or 1952)
         (hereinafter referred to as the Act) on 11.1.1972 alongwith adjoining land
     F   of an extent of 68. 25 acres. The competent authority fixed compensation
         at the rate of Rs. 10 per square yard under Section 8(3) read with Rule
         9(1) of the Act. Being dissatisfied with the compensation, the owners of
         the property sought a reference to the Arbitrator. By an award dated
'.
         28.3.1981, the Arbitrator (District Judge) awarded compensation at the
         rate of Rs. 15 per square yard and solatium at 15% and interest at 6%
     G   from the date of publication of From J. Notification. Accordingly, the
         enhanced amount was deposited in court through Special Petition LA
         (defence) Visakhapatnam.

               Still not being satisfied with the decision of the Arbitrator, the
     H respondent Kolluni Ramaiah and three sets of land owners went on appeal
                  U.O.I.1·. K. RAMAIAH [MOHAN, J.)                             697

to High Court of Andhra Pradesh praying for the enhancement of the rate A
of rnmpensatilln fixed by the Arbitrator. The High Court of Andhra
Pradesh grnnted Rs. 20 per Square Yard and retained the award of
Arbitrator as n.:g<tr<ls payment of solatium at 15'.'.( and interest at (1 1·:; in all
these cases. Howe\·er, it requires to he stated that the appellant, Union of
India was not a party to the proceedings either before the Arbitrator or
before the High Court. It is urged that since the enhanced compensation
                                                                                       B
and the amount payable as solatium and interest are substantial, Union of
India is the main party which has been affected by this enhancement. An
application was filed before us for preferring the present petitions for
special leave.
                                                                                     c
       Mr. C.V. Subba Rao, learned counsel for Union of India urges that
the enhancement of compensation is unwarranted. Even other.wise, as on
today, in view or the authoritative pronouncement of this Court in Union
of India v. Hari Krislian Khosla (dead) by Lrs., JT (1992) 5 SC 574, the
award of solatium and interest is not permissible, in a case of acquisition · D
of property under the Act. Properly speaking, the Union of India ought to
have been made a. party both before the Arbitrator and the High Court. In
fact, when the first respondent (Kolluni Ramaiah) preferred C.M.A. No.
137/1982 before the Andhra Pradesh High Court, it was held tltat the
non-inclusion of Union of India as a party would be sufficient ground to
dismiss the case. On these grounds it is prayed that not only the permission E
to prefer the Special Leav~ Petitions be grante.J but also the award be set
aside.

      To a pointed question as to how this Court could reach the award
of Arbitrator by which alone solatium and interest were granted and they              F
were merely retained by the High Court, it was submitted that where the
award of solatium and interest is illegal in view of the judgment of this
Court, it would be unjust and can be set aside. Even otherwise, that part
of the award gets merged with the judgment of the High Court and,
therefore, this court could always interfere. However, it is fairly conceded
that Union of India would be satisfied if without interfering with the actual        G
compensation, the part of the award relating to solatium and interest is
only set aside.

     The learned counsel for the respondents would submit that the award
of Arbitrator become final not having been appealed against. It is under H
    698                  SUPREME COURT REPORTS {1993) SUPP. 3 S.C.R.

A   that award, solatium and interest were granted. The finality of the award
    cannot he disturbed in an appeal filed by the owners in the High Court,
    unless and until Union of India had filed a separate appeal complaining of
    the grant of solatium and interest. The respondents (owners of land)
    cannot be worse off for having appealed fo the High Court. Merely because
    of the subsequent decisions the this Court holgi,!lg that the grant of
B   solatium and interest were impermissible to an acqdlsition under the Act
    that will not permit the Union of India to reopen'th~ proceedings. There-
    fore, the application to prefer Special Leave Petitions will have to be
    dismissed.

C         We have given our careful consideration to the above arguments. In
    view of the categoric pronouncement of this Court in Union of India's case
    (supra), the award granting solatium at the rate of 15% and interest at the
    rate of 6% under the case of acquisition is clearly bad in law.

         From the narration of facts, it is clear that the Arbitrator had
D awarded compensation at the rat.e of Rs. 15 per square yard together with
   solatium at the rate of 15% and i!lterest at the rate of 6%. In an appeal by
   the land owners, the amount of compensation was alone enhanced to Rs.
   20 per square yard and that part of the award relating to solatium and
   interest was affirmed. No doubt, in one sense, the principle of Merger
E would apply. But that will cause immense prejudice to the respondents
   (land owner) if we are to interfere on the basis of that principle. They
  .cannot be worse off for having preferred appeals to the High Court. If the
   present special leave petitions are directed against the ultimate judgm~nt
   of the High Court in which the award had merged, what woqld happen if
   the respondents were to withdraw the appeals before the High Court now?
F And that is what the respondents want to do with the lea".'e of this Court.
           It is not correct on the part of the respondents to conten!:l t~at the
    award of the Arbitrator had become final and it cannot be reop~~ed now
    because the matter is still kept alive by the Union of India. No do\}bt, there
G   is a delay of 157 days which we are prepared to conq~e in the intereg~
    of justice. Once, there is patent illegality in the award, as po4tt~d above,
    is this Court powerless as not to grant any relief to the Union of I~d\a
    w:Wch was µeither implea.ded before the Arbitrator nor before the High
    Co:qrt?

H         E>eercising 01;1r powers under Article 142 of the Constit~tion, we t\lWk
                 U.O.I. v. K. RAMAIAH [MOHAN, J.)                        699

that these Special Leave petitions must be treated as cross-objections A
before the High Court against the award of the Arbitrator. Under Order
41 Rule 22 of the Code of Civil Procedure, cross-objections could be filed
by a party who might have appealed from the decree of the court below
but has not done so. No appeal was preferred by the Union of India since
it was not a party before the Arbitrator. If these special leave petitions are
to be treated as cross-objections, in the appeal before the Andhra Pradesh
                                                                               B
High Court, normally, we should remit the matter to the High Court. In
such an event, the enhancement of compensation from Rs. 15 to Rs. 20 per
square yard and the award of solatium and interest will have to be redeter-
mined. Of course, solatium and interest will go, in any event. Then remains
only the actual quantum of compensation. Inasmuch as, Mr. C.V. Subba C
Rao, learned counsel for the Union of India fairly concedes that the award
of Rs. 20 per square yard by the High Court may not be interfered with,
we think it is unnecessary to remit the matter to the High Court. In our
view, such a course will not only prolong the issue but also would amount
to directing the High Court to do the obvious.
                                                                                D
       In the result, we treat these Special Leave Petitions as cross-objec-
tions under Order 41 Rule 22 of the Code of Civil Procedure against the
award of the Arbitrator for the limited purposes of setting aside that part
of the award relating to solatium at the rate of 15% and interest at the rate
of 6%. We make it clear that the enhancement of compensation from Rs.           E
15 per square yard as awarded by the Arbitrator to Rs. 20 per squre yard
by the High Court, is not interfered with. The Civil Appeals are ordered
accordingly. There shall be no order as to costs.

R.P.                                                        SLP. Granted &
                                                               Disposed of.     F