VIKAS CHAUDHARYversusSTATE OF NCT OF DELHI & ANR.

                      [2010] 9 S.C.R. 1076


A                     VIKAS CHAUDHARY
                                v.
                STATE OF NCT OF DELHI & 'ANR.
                  (SLP (Crl.) No. 8628 of 2009)
                        AUGUST 11, 2010
B
    [ALTAMAS KABIR AND DR. MUKUNDAKAM SHARMA,
                                JJ.)

         Penal Code, 1860 - s. 364A - Abduction for ransom -
c   Victim killed - Ransom calls made even after the death of
    the victim - Held: Offence uls. 364A does not stand abrogated
    upon death of the victim - Continuation of ransom calls made
    even after the death of victim, converts the offence into a
    continuing offence uls. 472 Cr.P. C. - Code of Criminal
o   Procedure, 1973 - s. 472.

       Juvenile Justice (Care and Protection of Children) Act,
  2000 - Applicability of the Act - Offence u/s. 364A /PC -
  Continuous ransom calls - Held: The relevant date- for
  determining the age of the accused would be the last date on
E which ransom call was made - On facts, the accused was not
  a juvenile on the date when the last call was made - Thus,
  the Act not applicable - Penal Code, 1860 - s. 364A.

      It was alleged that petitioner-accused and the co-
F accused abducted the son of the complainant. They
  committed murder of the victim and even after his death,
  kept on giving phone-calls to the parents of the deceased
  demanding ransom money.

      During trial, at the stage of recording of the evidence,
G the petitioner-accused moved an applicatiol), for
  transferring his case to Juvenile Justice Board, on the
  ground that at the time of commission of the offence, he
  was a juvenile. The application was dismissed. In

H                               1076
VIKAS CHAUDHARY v. STATE OF NCT OF DELHI & 1077
                   ANR.

Revision, High Court remanded the matter to trial court.      A
On remand also, the trial court held that the petitioner-
accused was not a juvenile on the date of the offence.
The Revision Petition against the order was allowed by
High Court.
                                                              B
     The trial of the petitioner-accused was separated and
transferred to Juvenile Justice Board. The Supreme Court
set aside the order of the High Court, whereby it had
transferred the case of the petitioner-accused to Juvenile
Court and remanded the matter to trial court for deciding     C
the issue in the light of s. 472 Cr.P.C.

     The trial court held that the offence of murder
coupled with abduction could be considered to be a
continuing offence; and that the last date on which the
ransom call was made, would be the relevant date from         D
which the age of the petitioner-accused was to be
counted to determine the applicability of Juvenile Justice
(Care and Protection of Children) Act, 2000. Revision
Petition against the order was dismissed by High Court.
                                                              E
     In the instant Special Leave Petition, the questions
for consideration were: whether making of ransom calls,
even after the death of the victim, was a· continuing
offence as to attract provisions u/s. 364A IPC; and
whether Juvenile Justice Act is applicable to the case of     F
the petitioner-accused.

    Dismissing the petition, the Court

     HELD: 1.1 It is not correct to say that the offence u/
s. 364A IPC stood abrogated upon the death of the             G
victim. The continuation of ransom calls being made,
even after the death of the victim, converts the offence
into a continuing offence within the meaning of Section
472 Cr.P.C. [Para 18] [1086-E-F]
                                                              H
    1078     SUPREME COURT REPORTS               [2010] 9 S.C.R.


A     1.2 In the instant case, the main object of the offence
  committed by the accused was to extort money from the
  parents of the deceased victim by way of ransom, even
  after the death of the victim, as is evident from the
  subsequent phone calls made, asking for ransom. The
B offence u/s. 364A IPC did not come to an end only on
  account of the death of the victim, since ransom calls had
  been made even though the victim had been killed. [Para
  17] (1086-B-C]

      2.1 It is true that if the initial date of abduction is taken
C to be the date on which the offence u/s. 364A had been
  committed, as an isolated event, the petitioner would
  have been a minor within the meaning of the Juvenile
  Justice (Care and Protection of Children) Act, 2000.
  However, if the date on which the last ransom call was
D made, is taken as the date on which the aforesaid offence
  was committed, then the petitioner would have ceased to
  be a minor and the Juvenile Justice Act would not apply
  to him. [Para 17] (1086-C-D]

E      2.2 If Section 364A IPC and Section 472 Cr.P.C. are
  read together, it is evident that even after the death of the
  victim, every time a ransom call was made, a fresh period
  of limitation commenced. Accordingly, it would be the
  date on which the last ransom call was made, which has
F to be taken to be the date of commission of the offence
  and, accordingly, the Juvenile Justice Act was no longer
  applicable to the petitioner, who had attained the age of
  18 years by then. [Para 21] [1087-F-G]

      State of Bihar vs. Deokaran Nenshi and Anr. AIR 1973
G SC 908; HariRam vs. State of Uttar Pradesh (2009) 13 SCC
  211 - referred to.
                          Case Law Reference:
           AIR 1973 SC 908           Referred to.         Para 12
H
VIKAS CHAUDHARY v. STATE OF NCT OF DELHI & 1079
                   ANR.

    (2009) 13 sec 211            Referred to.          Para 12      A

    CRIMINAL APPELLATE JURISDICTION : SLP (Crl.) No.
8628 of 2009.

    From the Judgment & Order dated 13.03.2009 of the High
Court of Delhi at New Delhi in Crl. Revision Petition No. 61 of     B
2009 . .

     Mohan Jain, ASG, K.B. Sinha, Sushil Kumar, Anil Karnwal,
Anil Sharma, Suresh Shar111a, Aftab Ali Khan, Aditya Kumar,
Rakesh Malhotra, Dr. Kailash Chand, P.K. Dey, D.K. Thakur,          c·
Anil Katiyar for the appearing parties.

    The Judgment of the Court was delivered by

    ALTAMAS KABIR, J. 1. Certain issues of legal
importance, which call for examination, have surfaced in this       D
otherwise sordid tale.

     2 . On 18th January, 2003, one Shri Vimal Chadha, resident
of C-2/46, Ashok Vihar, Phase II, Delhi, filed a Missing Persons
Report with the Ashok Vihar Police Station, Delhi, stating that     E
his son, Parakh Chadha, had left home and had not returned.
The next day he lodged F.l.R. No.34/03 at the Ashok Vihar
Police Station which was initially registered under Section 364A
of the Indian Penal Code on the allegation that a call had been
received from an unknown caller demanding Rs.35 lakhs as
                                                                    F
ransom for the release of his son. The body of Parakh Chadha,
who was between the age of 17 and 20 years, was recovered
on the same day. Accordingly, on 4th May, 2003 Sections 302/
201/120-8, read with Section 34 l.P.C., were added in the First
Information Report.
                                                                    G
     3. It may, however, be noted that, although, the body of the
victim was recovered on 19th January, 2003, the fact that the
body was that of the victim Parakh Chadha was not known to
the complainant or his father. The complainant and his father
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    1080    SUPREME COURT REPORTS                [2010] 9 S.C.R.


A continued to receive ransom calls for the release of his son
  even, thereafter, on 20th January, 2003, 1st February, 2003,
  10th March, 2003 and 11th March, 2003. In fact, the said phone
  calls made to the complainant were also intercepted by the
  police and the same were also recorded by the complainant.
B Subsequently, the voice of the callers was identified by the
  Central Forensic Science Laboratory Reports as being those
  of the Petitioner, Vikas Choudhary, and the co-accused, Vikas
  Sidhu. On 4th May, 2003, the Petitioner was arrested and on
  a personal search being conducted, a seizure memo of the
c recoveries made from his house was prepared and the
  disclosure statement made by him was recorded. From the
  seizure memo it is seen that the wrist watch worn by the
  deceased Parakh Chadha was recovered from the Petitioner
  while the gold chain which had been worn by the deceased was
  recovered from the co-accused Vikas Sidhu. It appears from
0
  the disclosure statement made by the different accused that
  after killing the victim his body was thrown in a .drain and was
  set on fire after sprinkling petrol thereupon. It is on 9th May,
  2003, after the accused had been arrested that they disclosed
  the place where the victim's body had been burnt and from
E where some burnt clothing and shoes of the deceased had
  been recovered and kept in Malkhana of P.S. Kotwali City,
  Ghaziabad. The complainant identified the clothes and shoes
  to be that of his son and subsequently also identified the gold
  chain and the wrist watch which had been worn by his son on
F the day of his disappearance and had been recovered from the
  possession of the Petitioner and the co-accused, Vikas Sidhu,
  as belonging to his son.

      4. On completion of investigation, a charge-sheet was filed
G against the Petitioner and Vikas Sidhu under Sections 364A/
  302/201/34/120-B, while the names of Joginder, Yogesh Rawat
  and Anil Pratap were mentioned in Column 3 of the charge-
  sheet as accused.

        5. Recording of evidence of the prosecution witnesses
H
VIKAS CHAUDHARY v. STATE OF NCT OF DELHI &1081
          ANR. [ALTAMAS KABIR, J.]

was commenced on 3rd May, 2005, and on 31st May, 2005,                A
for the first time, the Petitioner herein moved an application
before the learned Single Judge for transfer of his case to the
Juvenile Justice Board on the ground that he was a juvenile at
the time of commission of the offence. A matriculation certificate
produced on behalf of the Petitioner showed his date of birth         B
to be 20th December, 1985.

     6. The aforesaid application filed by the Petitioner was
dismissed by the Additional Sessions Judge on 24th August,
2005, on the ground that the Ossification Test conducted on the       C
Petitioner showed that he was about 19 years and 5 months
of age when the offence was committed.

      7. The Petitioner thereupon filed Criminal Revision P.
No.751 of 2005 before the Delhi High Court, which, by its order
dated 31st August, 2006, remanded the matter to the,Additional        D
Sessions Judge to consider the matter afresh. Upon remand,
the learned Sessions Judge by his order dated 20th January,
2007, held that the Petitioner was not a juvenile on the date of
the offence. The Court took note of the fact that neither any birth
certificate nor any other certificate was produced on behalf of       E
the Petitioner in support of the date of birth which appeared
from the School Leaving Certificate.

     8. Aggrieved by the judgment of the Court of Sessions, the
Petitioner once again moved the Delhi High Court in Criminal
Revision (P) No.156/07, which was allowed by the Delhi High
                                                                      F
Court on 11th September, 2007. The Delhi High Court directed
the trial of the Petitioner to be separated from the case of the
other accused. On 18th September, 2007, the trial of the
Petitioner was separated and he was directed to appear before
the Juvenile Justice Board on 10th October, 2007, when he was         G
granted bail by the said Board. The trial against the other
accused continued before the learned Additional Sessions
Judge and only 4 witnesses could be examined since on 2nd
November, 2007, this Court granted stay of the trial court
proceedings. By judgment and order dated 27th May, 2008,              H
    1082   SUPREME COURT REPORTS                   [2010] 9 S.C.R.


A passed in Criminal Appeal No.966/08, this Court set aside the
  order of the High Court dated 11th September, 2007, allowing
  the revisicnal application and remanded the matter to the trial
  court for fresh consideration in the light of Section 472 of the
  Code of Criminal Procedure ('Cr.P.C.' for short), which
B provides for continuing offences and in case of a continuing
  offence, a fresh period of limitation begins to run at every
  moment of time during which the offence continues. While
  remanding the matter to the trial court, this Court observed in
  paragraph 14 of its judgment as follows:
c       "14. It may be true that the prosecution proceeded on the
        basis that the entire offence had taken place on 18.1.2003.
        We have, however, been taken through the charge-sheet,
        from a perusal whereof it appears that the appellant had
        been getting calls for payment of ransom despite the fact
D       that the deceased had, in the meanwhile, been killed. It is
        one thing to say that a missing report has been filed on a
        particular date b.ut it is another thing to say that in a case
        of this nature when the actual offence(s) had taken place
        would remain uncertain. Giving calls for payment of ransom
E       is an offence. In case of murder coupled with abduction in
        a given case it may be considered to be a continuous
        offence."

       9. The learned Additional Sessions Judge, by his order
F dated 29th July, 2008, was of the view that the proper authority
  to consider the matter on remand, was the Court of Sessions
  and not the Juvenile Justice Board and consequently, it ordered
  for the production of the Petitioner before it. On 6th October,
  2008, the Petitioner, who was on bail, surrendered before the
G Additional Sessions Judge and was taken into custody and is
  in custody since then. By its judgment dated 2nd January, 2009,
  the Additional Sessions Judge held that the offence of murder
  coupled with abduction could be considered to be a continuing
  offence and in such circumstances, the dates when the ransom
  calls were made were significant. It was held that the last date
H
VIKAS CHAUDHARY v. STATE OF NCT OF DELHI & 1083
          ANR. [ALTAMAS KABIR, J.]

on which the ransom call had been made, namely, 11th March,           A
2003, would have to be taken as the relevant date from which
the age of the petitioner was to be counted to determine as to
whether he was a minor within the meaning of the Juvenile
Justice (Care and Protection of Children) Act, 2000, hereinafter
referred to as "the Juvenile Justice Act".                            B

     10. Aggrieved by the aforesaid order of the learned
Additional Sessions Judge, the Petitioner filed Criminal
Revision P. No.61 of 2009 before the Delhi High Court along
with an application for grant of bail under section 439 Cr.P.C.       C
The H.igh Court, by its judgment dated 13th March, 2009,
dismissed the Revision Petition and the accompanying
applications upon holding that the making of ransom calls on
19th January, 2003, 10th March, 2003 and 11th March, 2003,
even after the murder of the victim, clearly constitutes an offence
under Section 364A. It also held that if there was any error in       D
framing of the charges, the same could be cured under Section
464 Cr.P.C. The trial Court, therefore, amended the charges
on 16th April, 2009. The 4 witnesses who had been examined
earlier in the absence of the Petitioner, were recalled on 5th
May, 2009, and their statements were recorded in the presence         E
of the Petitioner accused.

     11. The instant Special LL,,.ve Petition has been filed
against the said judgment and order dated 13th March, 2009
of the Delhi High Court in Crl.R.P.No. 61/09.                         F

     12. The main thrust of the arguments advanced on behalf
of.the Petitioner was that no case had been made out against
the Petitioner on the basis of Missing Report made by the
complainant on 18th January, 2003. A point of equal
importance was also urged by Mr. K.B. Sinha, learned Senior           G
Advocate, appearing for the Petitioner, to the effect that a
ransom call could not have been made in respect of a dead
person. He urged that a ransom call could certainly follow after
an abduction, but once the victim of the abduction had been
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    1084    SUPREME COURT REPORTS                 [2010] 9 S.C.R.


A eliminated, the very question of an offeryce under Section 364A
  l.P.C. relating to ransom calls was no longer maintainable and
  at best, the offence could be said to have been committed
  under Section 364 l.P .C. On reference to the various definitions
  of the expression "demand of ransom", a further submission
B was made that in all cases the expression had been used in
  respect of a living person since the object of the ransom was
  release of the abducted person after payment of such ransom.
  Reliance was placed on the decision of this Court in State of
  Bihar vs. Deokaran Nenshi & Anr. [AIR 1973 SC 908], in
c support of the contention that once the very object of an offence
  under Section 364A l.P.C. ceased to exist, it could not be
  contended that an offence under Section 364A continued to
  survive. In the said decision, it was observed that continuing
  offence is distinguishable from an offence which is committed
  once and for all. It is one of those offences which arise out of a
0
  failure to obey or comply with a rule or its requirement and
  which involves a penalty, the liability for which continues until
  the rule or its requirement is obeyed or complied with. On every
   occasion that such disobedience or non-compliance occurs and
   recurs, an offence is committed. Accordingly, the offence as
E contemplated under Section 364A l.P.C. came to an end upon
  the death of the victim and could not be said to be a continuing
   offence. It was urged that in view of the amendments effected
   to the definition of "juvenile" in Section 2(k) of the Juvenile
   Justice Act, which has been clearly considered and explained
F in Hari Ram vs. State of Uttar Pradesh [(2009) 13 SCC 211],
   the petitioner was entitled to the benefit of Sections 12 and t5
   thereof.

        13. On behalf of the State it was submitted by Mr. Mohan
G Jain, learned Additional Solicitor General, that what would be
  the date of an offence in a given case has to be decided in
  regard to the fact situation thereof. He urged that Section 472
  Cr.P.C. contemplates a continuing offence and a fresh period
  of limitation is to run at every moment of time during which the
H offence continues and, although, an argument had been
VIKAS CHAUDHARY v. STATE OF NCT OF DELHI &1085
          ANR. [ALTAMAS KABIR, J.]

advanced that the entire offence had been committed on 18th         A
January, 2003, there is no escape from the fact that it has also
been established on evidence that the father of the deceased
continued to receive calls for payment of ransom, despite the
fact that the victim had been killed in the meantime. Mr. Jain
urged that not only was the offence extremely grave, but it was     B
further compounded by the conduct of the accused, in
continuing to make ransom calls even after he was alleged to
have killed the victim.

     14. Mr. Jain submitted that this is one of those rare cases    C
where the offence initially committed must be held to be
continuing on account of the nature of the offence and the
manner in which it was committed. The learned Additional
Solicitor General urged that no interference was, therefore,
called for with the judgment of the High Court and the Special
Leave Petition was liable to be dismissed.                          D

      15. Mr. Sushil Kumar, learned Senior Advocate, i;ippearing
for the complainant Mr. Vimal Chadha, submitted that the courts
below had rightly held that the making of ransom calls after the
death of the victim has to be treated as a part of the same         E
transaction, since one was consequentially dependent on the
other. He submitted that once ransom calls were made even
after the death of the victim, the offence became a continuous
offence and the age of the petitioner would h~ve to be
computed from the date on which part of the offence was             F
committed. Accordingly, while the Petitioner was found to have
participated in the abduction of the deceased, which resulted
in the ransom calls and the death of the victim was very much
a part of the initial abduction and was, therefore, a continuing
offence which attracted the provisions of Section 472 Cr.P.C,       G
which would have to be read with the principal offence allegedly
committed under Section 364A l.P.C .

   . 16. The question which, therefore, calls for an answer is
whether the High Court was right in holding that the making of
ransom calls, even after the death of the victim was a continuing   H
                                                         I .   I
    1086      SUPREME COURT REPORTS                 [2010] 9 S.C.R.


A offence so as to attract the provisions of Section 364A l.P.C.

        17. There is little doubt that the main object of the offence
  committed by the accused was to extort money from the parents
  of the deceased victim by way of ransom even after the death
  of the victim, as will be evident from the subsequent phone calls
8
  made right upto 11th March, 2003, asking for ransom. The
  offence under Section 364A did not come to an end only on
  account of the death of the victim since ransom calls had been
  made even though the victim had been killed. It is no doubt true
C that if the initial date of abduction, namely, 18th January, 2003,
  is taken to be the date on which the offence under Section 364A
  had been· committed, as an isolated event, the Petitioner would
  have been a minor within the meaning of the Juvenile Justice
  Act, 2000. However, if 11th March, 2003, being the date on
  which the last ransom call was made, is taken as the date on
D which the aforesaid offence was committed, then the Petitioner
  would have ceased to be a minor and the above-mentioned Act
  would not apply to him.

       18. Section 472 Cr.P.C., supports the submissions made
E both by Mr. Mohan Jain, learned Additional Solicitor General
  and Mr. Sushil Kumar. We are unable to accept Mr. Sinha's
  submission that the offence under Section 364A 1.P.C. stood
  abrogated upon the death of the victim. On the other hand, the
  continuation of ransom calls being made, even after the death
F of the victim, converts the offence into a continuing offence
  within the meaning of Section 472 Cr.P.C. The provisions of
  Section 364A l.P.C. which are extracted hereinbelow, will
  make the position clear :

           "364A. Kidnapping for ransom, etc.- Whoever kidnaps
G          or abducts any person or keeps a person in detention of
           the such kidnapping or abduction and threatens to cause
           death or hurt to such person, or by his conduct gives rise
           to a reasonable apprehension that such person may be
           put to death or hurt, or causes hurt or death to such person
H          in order to compel the Government or any foreign State
VIKAS CHAUDHARY v. STATE OF NCT OF DELHI & 1087
          ANR. [ALTAMAS KABIR, J.]

    or international inter-governmental organiza- tion or any       A
    other person to do or abstain from doing any act or to pay
    a ransom, shall be punishable with death, or imprisonment
    for life, and shall also be liable to fine."

     19. ·Section 364A l.P.C. states that apart from keeping a
                                                                    8
person in detention after kidnapping or abducting him or
threatening to cause death or hurt to such person or by his
conduct giving rise to a reasonable apprehension that such
person may be put to death or hurt, and also that if the person
involved in the kidnapping or abduction, actually causes hurt or    C
death to such person for a ransom, he shall be punishable with
death or imprisonment for life and shall also be liable to fine.

     20. Section 364A, therefore, contemplates even the death
of the abducted person for the purpose of demanding ransom.
Section 472 Cr.P.C., which defines continuing offence, reads        D
as follows:

    "472. Continuing offence.-ln the case of a continuing
    offence, a fresh period of limitation shall begin to run at
    every moment of the time during which the offence
                                                                    E
    continues."

      21. If Section 364A l.P.C. and Section 472 Cr.P.C. are to
be read together, it has to be held that even after the death of
the victim every time a ransom call was made a fresh period
of limitation commenced. Accordingly, it would be the date on       F
which the last ransom call was made, i.e., 11th March, 2003,
which has to be taken to be the date of commission of the
offence and, accordingly, the Juvenile Justice Act was no longer
applicable to the Petitioner, who had attained the age of 18
years by then.                                                      G
     22. We, therefore, see no reason to interfere with the order
of the High Court impugned in this Special Leave Petition,
which is accordingly dismissed.

K.K.T.                      Special Leave Petition dismissed.       H