Judgments of 1995

The respondent, Ajoy Kumar Patnaik, a Collector of Customs (Appeals), was compulsorily retired under Fundamental Rule 56(j) on the ground of "doubtful integrity" after a screening committee cited his misclassification of tariff items and disposal of appeals contrary to import policy, which allegedly benefitted dealers.…

The dispute concerned lands that were originally used for common purposes, later recorded as shamilat deh and vested in a Gram Panchayat under Section 3(a) of the Punjab Village Common Land (Regulation) Act, 1953. After mutation under the Haryana Municipal Common Land (Regulation) Act, 1974 (later declared void), the f…

In December 1992 the State of Haryana conducted an examination for Road Inspectors, declaring two candidates selected on 1 January 1993. Subsequently, on 16 July 1993, fourteen additional candidates were appointed by promotion, allegedly without any selection process and possibly involving bribes. The appellant, who ha…

The respondent, the original inamdar of a minor inam, sued his tenant (the appellant) for possession of the land. While the suit was pending, the Assistant Settlement Officer, under the Madras Minor Inams (Abolition and Conversion into Ryotwari) Act, 1963, granted a joint ryotwari patta: a ground‑rent patta for the bui…

The appellants sought possession of land occupied by the respondents, who claimed status as protected tenants under the Bombay Tenancy Act, 1939. The dispute turned on whether tenants residing in areas covered by clause (c) of section 88(1) of the Bombay Tenancy and Agricultural Lands Act, 1948 retained that protected …

The Secretary of the Dakshina Kannada Agricultural Produce Marketing Committee filed a criminal complaint against two respondents for alleged violations of the Karnataka Agricultural Produce Marketing (Regulation) Act, 1966, without any resolution or authorization from the Committee. The trial court dismissed the compl…

Major General IPS Dewan challenged his non‑selection for promotion to Lt General, alleging that adverse remarks recorded by the Chief of the Army Staff were void because they amounted to "severe displeasure" and required a show‑cause notice, and that his statutory complaint against those remarks should have been decide…

The Supreme Court examined a seniority dispute in the Maharashtra Forest Service between directly recruited Assistant Conservators of Forests and those promoted (promotees). The State Administrative Tribunal had directed that inter‑seniority be determined according to the service rule’s 1:1 quota between direct recruit…

Gulzar Singh was granted 25 kanals 4 marlas of Nazool land by the Collector, Ludhiana, on 17 June 1968 subject to paying Rs.1,520 as redemption of a possessory mortgage. He paid the amount on 30 June 1968 and took possession, but the Collector cancelled the grant on 13 September 1968, claiming that the mortgagees had e…

The Indore Development Authority (IDA) advertised LIG and MIG flats on a hire‑purchase basis, stating only an estimated price that would be finalized at allotment. Over several years the Authority raised the price from the original estimates of Rs 45,000 (LIG) and Rs 70,000 (MIG) to Rs 60,000 and Rs 95,000, and later t…

The Board of Industrial and Financial Reconstruction (BIFR) approved a merger scheme to revive Flowmore Polyester Ltd., a sick company, by merging it with SRF Ltd. Garware Plastics and Polymers Ltd., which had earlier submitted a stand‑alone revival proposal that was rejected, claimed to be an "interested person" and s…

The appellants, heirs of Somabhai Kanjibhai Baria, were tenants of watan lands that were abolished by the Gujarat Watans Abolition Act, 1961 and later re‑granted to the respondent in 1966. The tenancy was terminated on 31 March 1961 and a suit for possession was filed on 14 August 1962. The civil court, relying on Sect…

In a partition suit, the defendant (appellant) produced a registered will executed by his mother that left the entire estate to him. The trial court rejected the will, finding suspicious circumstances, while the subordinate judge upheld its validity, relying on the registrar's endorsement as proof of the testator's sou…

Mela Ram died leaving his mother Radha in possession of his property. Radha, a life‑tenant, later gifted and bequeathed portions of the property to her grandson Shiv Dass. The other daughter, Devki, challenged these alienations, claiming that she and her sister Durga were the reversionary heirs entitled to equal halves…

The Election Commission of India sought to requisition a large number of officers and staff of the State Bank of India for election duties under Article 324(6) of the Constitution. The State Bank Staff Association challenged the requisition, arguing that the Commission had no power under Section 26 of the Representatio…

Sakti, through its director, issued a show‑cause notice to employee R.K. Ragala. Before the notice could be acted upon, Ragala retired from service. The Andhra Pradesh High Court quashed the notice, although it interfered at the notice stage. The appellant filed a special leave appeal before the Supreme Court. The Cour…

Ramjit Upadhaya, a convict serving a sentence under Section 302 IPC in Central Jail, Varanasi, was killed by a co‑accused inmate. His wife and three children filed a writ petition under Article 32 seeking compensation, arguing that the State failed to protect his life while in custody. The State contended that the Utta…

The State of Uttar Pradesh, through the Director of Education, issued a show‑cause notice to the Committee of Management of S.K.M. Inter College under Section 16‑D(2) and (3) of the U.P. Intermediate Education Act, 1921, alleging mismanagement, misappropriation of funds and other irregularities. The Committee's explana…

Canara Bank appealed a decision of the Company Law Board (CLB) that had refused to register bonds purchased from Nuclear Power Corporation of India Ltd. The CLB had been hearing the bank's application under Section 111 of the Companies Act when the Special Court (Trial of Offences Relating to Transactions in Securities…

The appellant, U.P. Avas Evam Vikas Parishad, challenged the High Court's order quashing a land acquisition notification issued under the Land Acquisition Act, 1894. The respondent, Smt. Pushpa Lata Awasthi, had purchased the land from the original owner, Chotelal, after the notification was served but before any objec…

The appellant, an Assistant Sub‑Inspector of Police, was accused of delays in dispatching communications and of failing to keep a copy of the Superintendent’s leave application on record. After being threatened and warned by the Superintendent, he tendered his resignation on 3 January 1991. He withdrew the resignation …

The case arose from a foreclosure suit where a court‑appointed receiver sold the mortgaged property to the appellant, Nani Gopal Paul, for Rs 60 lakhs, of which only Rs 5 lakhs was deposited. The sale was confirmed by a single High Court judge despite the existence of higher offers and without proper scrutiny. Responde…

The Supreme Court examined the Election Commission's directives that empowered district collectors and police to determine a person's citizenship and delete alleged foreign nationals from electoral rolls. Petitioners challenged the procedure, arguing that notices relied solely on police reports, limited the documents t…

Dr. Pyari Mohan Misra was appointed Director of Fisheries in Orissa on an ad‑hoc basis on 12 August 1971 and was directed to continue temporarily until further orders on 22 July 1972. The State Government later decided to fill the post with an IAS officer and, by notification on 18 March 1977, reverted Misra to the pos…

The petitioner, Nova Steel (India) Ltd., negotiated to supply 3,000 metric tonnes of tor steel to the respondents and received their acceptance. Despite the acceptance, the petitioner failed to execute the contract or commence supply. The respondents issued a show‑cause notice on March 19, 1993, and, after receiving no…

R.D. Hattangadi, a practising advocate, was severely injured in a head‑on collision between a car owned by Mis. Pest Control (India) Pvt. Ltd. and a motor lorry, resulting in 100% disability and paraplegia. He filed a claim under Section 110‑A of the Motor Vehicles Act, 1939 seeking compensation for medical expenses, l…

The father of the appellant and the first respondent died in 1956, leaving a joint Hindu family where the Patel watan lands were impartible and governed by primogeniture. The Maharashtra Revenue Patels (Abolition of Office) Act, 1962 abolished the Patel watan and, under s.5, the eldest son Balwant obtained a re‑grant o…

Khoday Distilleries Ltd. and others filed a writ petition under Article 32 of the Constitution seeking reconsideration of a Supreme Court judgment that had become final after the dismissal of appeals and review petitions. They contended that the civil appeals were decided on merits without a proper hearing, violating n…

Santush Kumar Nayak was admitted with severe burns and, on his deathbed, gave a dying declaration to Dr. P.K. Sahu that his brother‑in‑law Bansidhar Singh had poured kerosene on him. The police initially registered a case under Section 309 IPC (attempted suicide) based on an FIR from the respondent's son, but after the…

The Supreme Court considered three appeals challenging decisions of the Central Administrative Tribunal (CAT) on whether an employee transferred on compassionate grounds, and placed at the bottom of the seniority list in the new unit, could have his service in the former unit counted as experience for promotion in the …

The appellant, a senior Assistant Engineer in the Uttar Pradesh Public Works Department, was promoted ad‑hoc to Executive Engineer on 12 July 1979 and regularised on 30 June 1980. He filed a writ petition on 29 September 1980 challenging the seniority list of Assistant Engineers. The Allahabad High Court held that any …

The Supreme Court entertained a writ petition filed by Ms. Sheela Barse, later substituted by the Supreme Court Legal Aid Committee, highlighting the deplorable conditions in which mentally ill women and children were detained in jails. The Court appointed Commissioners to investigate and issued several orders to impro…

The appellants, Junior Engineers (Civil) in the Telecommunication Department, passed the departmental qualifying examination for promotion to Assistant Engineer (Civil) and were placed at lower seniority positions in the list prepared by the department. They challenged the seniority list before the Central Administrati…

The Union filed a contempt petition alleging that the Tamil Nadu Electricity Board (the Board) had willfully failed to implement the Khalid Commission's recommendation to absorb 18,006 contract workers within the prescribed schedule. The Board sought an extension, proposing phased absorption of 436 workers by 30‑Sept‑1…

The Collector of Customs appealed against the CEGAT order that had accepted the importer’s declared price for zip rolls as the transaction value despite the importer’s forged certificate of North Korean origin. The Supreme Court held that Rules 3 and 4 of the Customs Valuation Rules presume a genuine transaction value …

Shahabuddin Shaikh was convicted under IPC Section 302 read with Section 34 and TADA Section 3 for the murder of Manoharbhai, based solely on the testimony of the victim's brother (PW‑2). PW‑2 gave materially contradictory statements about the place from which he observed the incident, the role of the accused, and the …

M/s United Glass, a bottling unit of the Khoday Group, filed price lists for various bottle types that were deemed far below cost. The excise authorities re‑determined the values under Rule 7 of the Central Excise (Valuation) Rules, 1975, after finding the appellant’s prices unacceptable. The Collector (Appeals) allowe…

The appellant, Harish Tandon, sought eviction of tenants occupying a shop in Allahabad after the original tenant died and his heirs continued the business. The heirs admitted the original tenant's son‑in‑law as a partner in the firm, which the landlord claimed created a deemed vacancy and deemed sub‑letting under the U…

The State acquired certain agricultural land of the respondent under Section 4(1) of the Land Acquisition Act, 1894 in 1983 and made an award in 1987. The reference court fixed compensation based on the land's yield, applying a multiplier of 16, which the Orissa High Court affirmed. The State appealed, arguing that old…

Gujarat Bottling Co. Ltd (GBC) entered into a 1993 licence agreement with Coca Cola to bottle and distribute beverages under several trade marks, which included a negative covenant prohibiting GBC from dealing in competing products during the agreement's term. A subsequent 1994 agreement, intended to register GBC as a …

The appellant, a District Primary Education Officer, appealed against a Gujarat High Court order that had directed the grant of aid for a clerk and a peon to a trust running a single primary school. The trust claimed that under Rule 115(3) of the Bombay Primary Education Act, 1949, institutions operating more than one …

In Village Sakhni, Uttar Pradesh, a factional clash erupted during a funeral procession, resulting in the death of ten members of the prosecution party. The accused, led by Shamshul Kanwar, were found to have entered the scene armed and fired indiscriminately, constituting an unlawful assembly under Sections 302 and 14…

B.P.L. Pharmaceuticals Ltd. manufactured a Selenium Sulfide Lotion (branded Selsun) containing 2.5% selenium sulfide, used for treating seborrhoeic dermatitis and tinea versicolor. The product was certified as a drug by the FDA, labelled with warnings, and marketed through chemists on prescription. While earlier excise…

In 1987 the Railway Recruitment Board, Madras advertised about 500 non‑technical posts and conducted written exams. After the results, a second written exam was ordered, which was later quashed by the Madras High Court. The Supreme Court directed the Board to appoint the 775 candidates selected in 1987 within two weeks…

M/s. Sahney Paris Ltd. manufactured self‑starter motors for motor vehicles and submitted a classification list placing them under Tariff Item 68 of the Central Excise Tariff. The Assistant Collector and subsequent authorities re‑classified the items under Tariff Item 30, treating them as electric motors, and levied exc…

Eleven accused were tried before the Special Court, Ferozepur for murder and related offences under the IPC and Arms Act. The trial court convicted some and acquitted others but its judgment contained only conclusions without any discussion of evidence or reasons. Appeals were filed under Section 14 of the Terrorist Af…

The Special Land Acquisition Officer appealed against the Karnataka High Court’s modification of the compensation awarded to the petitioners for acquired land. The High Court reduced the compensation per acre but the Supreme Court affirmed the award and further granted enhanced solatium at 15% and interest at 6% on the…

Harbans Singh, who joined the Punjab Department of Legal and Legislative Affairs as a clerk in 1965 and was promoted to Assistant in 1974, claimed promotion to Legal Assistant on the basis of seniority when a vacancy arose in 1977. Ajit Lal Arora, the third respondent, was appointed to the same post on May 20, 1977, af…

The appellant, the estate of the late Sri Kaptan Singh, filed a writ petition in the Delhi High Court seeking a mandamus directing the Commissioner of Police to transfer his criminal complaint to an independent police agency, alleging that while in police custody his property was being alienated by a person claiming po…

The Government of India appealed against the assessment orders of the Assistant Collector of Central Excise which allowed Madras Rubber Factory Ltd. (MRF) various deductions under Section 4 of the Central Excises and Salt Act, 1944, while disallowing others. The key disputes concerned whether expenses incurred in maint…

G. Rabinathan, an Emergency Commissioned Officer in the defence services from June 1963 to September 1967, joined the National Cadet Corps (NCC) from December 1967 to June 1972 and was later appointed as a Probationary Commercial Tax Officer in Karnataka. He sought continuity of service for seniority under Rule 6‑A of …

The petitioners, owners of private forests in Kerala, challenged the constitutional validity of the Kerala Private Forests (Vesting and Assignment) Act, 1971, arguing that the State had failed to implement its agrarian‑reform objectives under Section 10 and that the later Forest (Conservation) Act, 1980 (and its 1988 a…

The Supreme Court considered appeals arising from the sale of mortgaged industrial premises by the Bihar State Financial Corporation. The purchasers, who acquired the assets at auction, were denied reconnection of electricity because the Bihar State Electricity Board demanded payment of arrears incurred by the previous…

Darshan Kumar filed a suit on 25 September 1989 challenging several orders of the competent authority that had withheld his service increments. The trial court held the suit was not barred by limitation because the enquiry procedure under the relevant rules was not followed. The appellate court merely observed that no …

The appellants, former government employees, were dismissed for multiple unauthorised absences amounting to marginal lapses of one to two days. They challenged their dismissal before the Supreme Court, seeking reinstatement with full back‑pay. The Court examined whether such marginal lapses warranted dismissal or could…

The Land Acquisition Collector issued an award fixing compensation for three belts of land. Twenty‑two landowners, including the appellants, signed Form K under Rule 9(5)(i) of the Rules, thereby accepting the compensation without protest. Subsequently the appellants filed a writ petition in the Punjab & Haryana High C…

M/s Longia Bir Company, through its MD, appealed to the Supreme Court against a Patna High Court order dismissing its writ petition concerning the computation of liability under the Provident Fund Miscellaneous Provisions Act, 1952. The appellant argued that it was not given an opportunity to be heard before the liabil…

In a suit for possession filed by the rival reversioners, the appellants, who were the landlords, were defendants. The respondents had remained in possession for over twelve years, thereby acquiring title by adverse possession, and the appellants had also entered into a tenancy agreement with them, which under Section …

The Oxford English School challenged the acquisition of its land by the Government of Tamil Nadu. A notification under Section 4(1) of the Land Acquisition Act, 1894 was published on 8 September 1982 and a declaration under Section 6 was issued on 19 December 1983 (published 15 February 1984). The school obtained a sta…

A group of 17 practising advocates filed a letter‑petition under Article 32 of the Constitution, alleging that the Punjab police had kidnapped and possibly murdered several of their colleagues, including Ranbir Singh Mansahia, Jagwinder Singh, Kulwant Singh and Sukhwinder Singh Bhatti. The State of Punjab replied that …

The petitioners, Rashtriya Chini Mills Adhikari Parishad, challenged a Uttar Pradesh Government order to sell six sugar factories by filing a writ petition under Article 226 before the Lucknow Bench of the Allahabad High Court. The Division Bench held that the Lucknow Bench lacked jurisdiction because only one factory …

The Ramakrishna Mission established a degree college at Rahra with financial assistance from the State and Union governments, and the college was administered by a governing body constituted by the Mission, not the standard pattern prescribed for sponsored colleges. A dispute arose when the teachers' council struck and…

The husband, Nand Kishore Mehra, filed a suit in the Delhi High Court seeking relief concerning properties he alleged were purchased benami in his wife Sushila Mehra's name. The wife moved to have the plaint rejected on the ground that the suit was barred by Section 4 of the Benami Transactions (Prohibition) Act, 1988.…

The Supreme Court examined the Karnataka Forest Department Services (Recruitment) Rules, 1987, specifically the proviso to the Note in Schedule to Rule 2, to determine when a Range Forest Officer becomes eligible to be sent for a Diploma Course in Forestry. Two Range Forest Officers, S. Ramesh and N. Shivaraju, had eac…

Raja Radio Co imported Class‑E high‑temperature resisting material consisting of presspahn paper laminated with polyester film and paid customs duty under heading 39.01/06 of the Customs Tariff Act, 1975, together with counter‑vailing duty under tariff item 17(2). The company later claimed a refund, arguing that the go…

The appellant, Raghubar Dayal (deceased), was granted parcels of land in 1956 under the Government Grants Act, 1895 for personal cultivation, subject to lease‑like covenants. In 1974 the prescribed authority, invoking the U.P. Imposition of Ceiling on Land Holdings Act, 1960, issued a notice determining surplus land an…

The Supreme Court entertained a writ of habeas corpus filed by Dhananjay Sharma alleging illegal detention by Haryana police on 15‑1‑1994. The police officials (SSP Anil Davra, Addl SP Sham Lal Goel and SHO Rajinder Singh) denied the allegations and filed false affidavits, while also pressurising the taxi driver Sushi …

Hindustan Construction Co. Ltd. entered into a dam‑construction contract with the Government of Orissa. A dispute over escalation charges and other sums exceeding Rs 1 crore was referred to an Arbitration Tribunal, which directed the State to refer the matter to a Special Arbitration Tribunal under the proviso to sub‑s…

Hindustan Antibiotics Ltd (HAL) sought to upgrade its penicillin‑G production and evaluated proposals from several firms, ultimately selecting Max‑GB (a joint venture of Gist Brocades and Max India) for technology transfer. The appellants (Torrent Gujarat Biotech, SPIC and PBG) alleged that HAL’s Managing Director acte…

The appellants, who had served as Ministers in the Orissa government and later became Members of the Legislative Assembly (MLAs), were prosecuted for criminal misconduct under Section 13(1)(e) of the Prevention of Corruption Act, 1988. They contended that, being MLAs at the time of taking cognizance, they were public s…

The petitioner, a candidate in the 1994 Combined Pre‑Medical Test in Uttar Pradesh, challenged a university circular that reserved 65% of seats in medical colleges for reserved categories, alleging violations of Articles 16, 14, 19 and 21 of the Constitution and the 50% ceiling set in Indira Sawhney. After the petition…

Birla Cement Works, a cement manufacturer, paid excess freight charges after a gauge conversion added 34 km to the railway distance. The company discovered the mistake when the railway admitted the error on 12 Oct 1990 and claimed a refund under Section 78-B of the Indian Railways Act. The Railway Claims Tribunal dismi…

The petitioner, MD Noorul Hoda, bought land benami in the name of his brother‑in‑law Rafique on 1 December 1959. Respondents obtained a partition decree (preliminary decree 22 January 1973, final decree 9 February 1974) allocating the land to Bibi Raifunnisa. The petitioner later obtained a second sale deed from Rafiqu…

Rajeev Metal Works applied to the District Industry Centre for 300 MT of galvanized steel sheets, which were to be procured by the statutory agency MMTC Ltd. on its behalf. MMTC pooled requirements, placed a consolidated indent with a foreign seller, but could supply only a portion of the quantity; the appellant failed…

Ram Nath Dewan executed a 1942 will granting his wife Satyawati a life estate in the Doctor's Lane house and directing that after her death the property go to his legal heirs. After Ram Nath's death, the son (first defendant) contested the will, claiming a later 1950 will, and the parties litigated until a 1955 settlem…

The plaintiffs filed a suit for specific performance of a sale agreement and were ordered by the High Court to amend the plaint to implead the purchaser, Kabari Pvt. Ltd. Although the amendment was allowed in 1982, the plaintiffs failed to act on it for about ten years despite being aware of their own laches and the ne…

The appellants challenged the acquisition of land near Surat railway station under the Land Acquisition Act, 1894, after filing objections to the notification. The Revenue Department advised that, considering the objections and a revenue circular, the acquisition could not be sanctioned, while the Urban Development Dep…

The Supreme Court examined three notifications issued under Section 4 of the Land Acquisition Act for acquiring land for the Tamil Nadu Housing Board. It held that a final and effective scheme under the Tamil Nadu Housing Board Act is not a pre‑condition for issuing such a notification, and that the public purpose stat…

The case concerned Jagdish Singh's challenge to the compensation awarded for land acquired under the Land Acquisition Act, 1894. The acquisition officer initially fixed different rates for two blocks, which were later consolidated by the reference court and the Punjab & Haryana High Court to a uniform rate of Rs 10 per…

The Housing Board of Haryana issued additional price demands to allottee families after a land price escalation, which the allottee association contested before the District Consumer Forum. The Forum quashed the Board's demand and the Board appealed to the State Commission, which dismissed the appeal as time‑barred und…

The Uttar Pradesh Sales Tax Association challenged a writ issued by the Allahabad High Court that restrained a Deputy Commissioner (Appeals) Sales Tax, Agra, from exercising his quasi‑judicial powers under Section 9 of the Uttar Pradesh Sales Tax Act, 1948, and ordered the transfer of his pending cases. The Bar Associa…

The Government was set ex‑parte in a suit and an ex‑parte decree was passed against it. The State filed an application on 17 February 1984 to set aside that decree, claiming it had knowledge of the decree on 15 February 1984 when its office was informed. The Karnataka High Court dismissed the application on the ground …

The Himachal Pradesh State Electricity Board appointed certain employees on daily wages as temporary mates who performed the duties of clerks and claimed equal pay with regular clerks. The High Court allowed the claim and held it had jurisdiction to decide the dispute, reasoning that the Administrative Tribunal Act, 19…

Ram Kishan, a constable of the Delhi Police, was charged with facilitating an under‑trial prisoner to consume alcohol and with abusing superior officers. The departmental inquiry found the first charge unproved and the second partly proved, but the Additional Deputy Commissioner of Police (ADC), acting as disciplinary …

The appellant was initially appointed as an ad‑hoc lecturer in a college that lacked sufficient students, and was transferred to another college where he was directed to report for duty. Instead of reporting, he demanded a regular appointment, which was refused, and he obtained a tribunal order directing his regular ap…

The Supreme Court examined whether land and buildings owned by the International Airport Authority of India (IAAI), leased to the Indian Tourism Development Corporation (ITDC) for a hotel, were exempt from municipal property tax under Article 285(1) of the Constitution. The Court held that the IAAI is a distinct statut…

The case concerned a main partnership engaged in abkari (liquor) business that had a partner, Ganga Goud, who held a 10% share. Ganga Goud and eleven other persons formed a sub‑partnership to provide the capital required for his share and to share the profits and losses arising from the main partnership. The Income‑Tax…

A notification under Section 4 of the Land Acquisition Act, 1894 was issued to acquire 4.5 acres of land in Punjab. The Collector initially awarded Rs.13,816 per acre as compensation. The Additional District Judge enhanced it to Rs.2,50,000 per acre, but the Punjab and Haryana High Court reduced the award to Rs.30,000 …

Sh. Kishandas Kanahiyalal Gandhi was declared to have a surplus of 45 acres 30 guntas of agricultural land under the Maharashtra Agricultural Lands (Ceiling on Holdings) Act, 1961. He argued that the tenant, Om Prakash, had crystallised tenancy rights over 47 acres 17 guntas, thereby removing the surplus, and alternati…

The appellants' 27 acres of land were acquired under the Land Acquisition Act, 1894 and initially awarded Rs 5 per marla. Subsequent proceedings resulted in the High Court classifying the land into blocks A, B and C, and, relying on the precedent Mange Ram v. State of Haryana, fixing compensation at Rs 6.75 per square …

The Hyderabad Telecom District was merged with the Andhra Pradesh Telecom Circle in 1986, and a common seniority list was issued for all officials. The Chief General Manager rotated Junior Telecom Officers, transferring the respondents from Hyderabad to the Telangana District. The Central Administrative Tribunal set as…

The Supreme Court examined petitions by the State of Madhya Pradesh and the Union of India challenging a 1991 notification that raised royalty rates on coal under Section 9(3) of the Mines and Minerals (Regulation and Development) Act, 1957. The petitioners argued that Section 9(3) was an unconstitutional delegation of…