Indian Penal Code, 1860

The Supreme Court examined an interlocutory application by Common Cause seeking to bar CBI Director Ranjit Sinha from interfering in coal‑block allocation investigations and to order a Special Investigation Team (SIT) to probe alleged abuse of authority. The Director had retired, rendering the recusal request moot, but…

The appellants, a group of journalists and media houses, were charged with defamation for publishing a news item that alleged the Additional Commissioner of Police, Rajiv Trivedi, facilitated the Sohrabuddin encounter. The second respondent obtained a previous sanction under Section 199(4)(b) of the Criminal Procedure …

The Supreme Court examined a challenge by the State of Uttar Pradesh to a Allahabad High Court order that, in a writ petition seeking quashment of an FIR, issued sweeping procedural directions for criminal trials, including mandating production of accused with Section 173 reports, requiring police stations to install p…

The appeal concerned a poem titled "Gandhi Mala Bhetala" published in a private bulletin, for which the author, publisher and printer were charged under Section 292 of the Indian Penal Code for obscenity. The Supreme Court examined whether the use of Mahatma Gandhi’s name as an allusion or symbol heightened the applica…

The Supreme Court examined the conviction of Durga Prasad and others under IPC sections 498-A and 304-B for the alleged dowry death of Kripa Bai, who committed suicide within seven years of marriage. The trial and High Courts had relied solely on the testimony of the victim's mother and brother, alleging cruelty and ha…

The appellant Niranjan Panja was convicted under Section 302 IPC for the murder of Haripada Samanta based largely on circumstantial evidence, including the alleged discovery of a blood‑stained weapon that was never produced in court and the claim that the victim was last seen with the accused. The prosecution failed to…

The CFA Institute and its representative issued a public notice titled "A Word of Caution" warning prospective students about the use of the CFA trademark by the Institute of Chartered Financial Analysts of India (ICFAI) after an interim injunction was granted against ICFAI. ICFAI filed a private criminal complaint all…

The case arose from a violent dispute over a mango orchard where eleven accused formed an unlawful assembly and attacked the complainant and his two sons, resulting in their deaths. The trial court and High Court convicted all accused under sections 147, 148, 302, 149 IPC and section 27 of the Arms Act. On appeal, the …

The Supreme Court considered two transfer petitions filed under Section 406 of the Code of Criminal Procedure seeking to move a corruption trial of former Punjab Chief Minister Prakash Singh Badal, his relatives and associates out of Punjab. The petitioners alleged that the accused’s political power, hostile witnesses …

The appellant, a widow, sought retirement benefits for her deceased husband who had been an Assistant with the Bihar School Examination Board. He was convicted in 1989 under several IPC sections for tampering with examination marks and was dismissed from service in 1992 on the basis of that conviction. While his crimin…

The petitioners, accused in the 2001 Parliament attack, were originally convicted of several offences under POTA, the IPC and the Explosive Substances Act, with death sentences imposed. The Supreme Court partially set aside the convictions, substituting a conviction under IPC s.123 (concealment of design to wage war) w…

The deceased Shobha committed suicide, allegedly after prolonged harassment by her in‑laws for insufficient dowry and for bearing a girl child. The trial court framed charges under IPC sections 306 (abetment of suicide), 498‑A (dowry death) and 34. The Delhi High Court quashed the s.306 and s.34 charges, directing that…

Shankar Jaiswara was convicted of murder under Section 302 IPC for stabbing his brother's younger sibling, Tarak Jaiswara, with a knife. The prosecution presented consistent eyewitness testimony, forensic medical reports describing multiple fatal injuries, and the recovery of the weapon from a friend’s house, which was…

The appellant, Daya Singh Lahoria (also known as Rajeev Sudan and Vinay Kumar), was convicted of offences under IPC sections 420, 468, 471 and 364A, as well as the Explosive Substances Act, and sentenced to seven years of imprisonment (concurrent) and life imprisonment for a kidnapping‑related offence. He had already s…

The husband (Daya Singh) and wife (Suman Sood) were extradited from the United States and tried in Rajasthan for kidnapping a politician's son, conspiracy, and related offences. The trial court convicted both of several IPC offences, acquitting Suman Sood of kidnapping for ransom (Sec. 364A). The High Court reversed th…

The Supreme Court examined whether a magistrate could discharge accused persons after taking cognizance of offences under Sections 406 and 498‑A IPC when the complaint was filed beyond the statutory limitation period. The magistrate correctly discharged the accused on the Section 406 charge because the complaint was ba…

The appellant, M.N. Das, was convicted under Section 302 IPC for the brutal murder of Hara Kanta Das, in which he struck the victim with a sword, amputated his hand and severed his head, and then carried the head to a police outpost. The Sessions Court sentenced him to death, a decision affirmed by the Gauhati High Cou…

Sangita, a young married woman, was found burnt to death in the house of her in‑laws on the night of 14‑15 September 1984. She had previously complained of dowry‑related harassment and physical abuse by her husband, father‑in‑law, mother‑in‑law and sister‑in‑law. The trial court acquitted all four accused of murder, co…

The appellant, Surrender K.L. Garg, was convicted for cheating the Uttar Pradesh Small Industries Corporation by creating a fictitious firm, Seemak Industrial Corporation, and obtaining a loan of Rs 39,352.50. He was found guilty under IPC sections 120‑B, 419, 420, 468 and 471 and sentenced to rigorous imprisonment for…

The Supreme Court examined appeals filed by the victims of an interstate child‑trafficking racket challenging the High Court's grant of bail to thirteen accused persons charged under IPC sections 363, 311 and 370(5). The Court found that the High Court had ignored crucial factors such as the seriousness of the offence,…

B.P. Patel, elected President of Anand Municipality, was arrested and placed in judicial custody for alleged offences under the IPC, Arms Act and Bombay Police Act. The Director of Municipalities suspended him under Section 40 of the Gujarat Municipalities Act, 1963, which provides for suspension if a municipal officer…

The respondents, led by Niyamat, attempted to rescue a suspect, Dharampuri, who had been taken into police custody. When constable Gauri Shanker fired three shots, the respondents perceived a reasonable threat of death or grievous injury and assaulted the constables, snatching a gun and cartridges, during which the inf…

The Supreme Court examined the murder convictions of Subash and Shiv Shankar under Section 302 read with Section 34 of the Indian Penal Code. The prosecution alleged a dispute over repair charges that led to a joint attack on the deceased, with eye‑witnesses identifying the accused in identification parades that were h…

The appellants were charged under several IPC offences and the Daain Act, failed to appear after summons and bailable warrants, and subsequently faced non‑bailable warrants and a proclamation under Section 82 CrPC. They filed an anticipatory bail application in November 2022, which was adjourned without interim protect…

The appellants were convicted for murder under Section 302 IPC, alleged to have participated in an unlawful assembly that killed Kartikram. The prosecution’s case relied on the testimony of interested and injured witnesses, while the accused claimed they were falsely implicated and highlighted a four‑hour delay in lodg…

The appellant was convicted under Sections 302 r/w 34 and 201 of the IPC for the murder of two boys, the conviction being based solely on an alleged extra‑judicial confession. The prosecution alleged that the appellant confessed to several witnesses (PW‑1 to PW‑9), but the key witnesses (PW‑7, PW‑8, PW‑9) gave inconsis…

The appellant, Chairman and Managing Director of M/s MSPL Ltd, imported an Aston Martin, paid customs duty and road tax, and later paid a differential motor vehicle tax after a demand notice. A FIR alleged that he conspired with a Regional Transport Officer to evade road tax, leading to criminal proceedings under the P…

The case arose from a matrimonial dispute in which the husband, S. Nallasamy, alleged that his wife’s family forcibly entered his house and threatened him, leading to an FIR under IPC sections 147, 448, 294(b) and 506. The FIR named only 11 persons, although the complainant later claimed that 20 additional persons were…

The State of Madhya Pradesh appealed against a Division Bench order that had directed the issuance of an appointment order to Bunty, who had applied for the post of police constable. Bunty had cleared the recruitment tests, but the Screening Committee denied his appointment on the ground that he was involved in a crimi…

The appellant, a husband, was convicted under IPC sections 498A (dowry harassment) and 306 (abetment of suicide) for the death of his wife Girija, who committed suicide within seven years of marriage in their matrimonial home. The prosecution proved that Girija had suffered multiple physical injuries and mental cruelty…

The case concerned two separate prosecutions arising from the July 2006 Mumbai suburban train bomb blasts. In Special Case No. 21 of 2006, the accused‑respondents sought to summon four Deputy Commissioners of Police (who had recorded confessional statements of three other accused in a later Special Case No. 4 of 2009) …

The petitioners, who had obtained large credit facilities from two banks by allegedly submitting forged lease documents as collateral, defaulted on payments and were prosecuted for fraud and related offences. The banks later settled the civil dues through a one‑time settlement, and the petitioners sought to have the cr…

The appellant filed an FIR alleging that the respondents opened indiscriminate fire on the deceased, resulting in his death, and the respondents later obtained anticipatory bail under Section 438 of the CrPC. The Sessions Judge rejected the bail, but the Patna High Court granted it, citing an old dispute and the respon…

The Supreme Court examined a dispute arising from a criminal complaint filed by Sonalben against her husband and in‑laws for alleged offences under the IPC. The appellants were granted bail, left India without permission, and faced cancellation of bail, attachment of the mother‑in‑law's property under CrPC ss. 82 and 8…

M. Balakrishna Reddy, a Central Government employee, was charged by the CBI under the Delhi Special Police Establishment Act, 1946 for alleged cheating in a UPSC exam held in Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh. He challenged the CBI's jurisdiction, arguing that the State of Madhya Pradesh had not given the consent required under S…

The appellant, a Head Constable, was tasked with delivering an urgent wireless message to the Police Headquarters and was driving an official police mini‑truck. While en route he crossed a road divider, collided with an on‑coming scooter, resulting in one death and injuries to another. He was convicted under IPC sectio…

The appellant, Mohd. Kalam, was convicted under Section 395 IPC for robbing the house of Vishwas Jain and his wife on the night of 8‑9 May 1994. After his arrest on 27 March 1998, a test identification parade was held on 3 April 1998, where the complainant (PW‑3) identified the appellant. The appellant challenged the c…

The petitioners, Smt. Parminder Kaur and her husband, sought transfer of two criminal cases pending in the Chief Judicial Magistrate's Court, Rampur, Uttar Pradesh, to courts in Delhi or Chandigarh under Section 406 of the CrPC, alleging threats to their lives, old age, and ill health. The Supreme Court examined whethe…

The Supreme Court examined the murder of an army officer allegedly orchestrated by his wife (Al) and her paramour (A2) with the help of two accomplices (A3, A4). The trial court convicted Al and A2 under Section 302 IPC, while acquitting A3 and A4; the High Court upheld Al and A2's convictions and convicted A3 and A4. …

Ashok Yeshwant Badave issued a post‑dated cheque dated 20‑Jan‑1996 as part of a sale transaction. The cheque was presented on 7‑Jul‑1996, within six months of the date on the cheque, and was dishonoured. The complainant filed a criminal complaint under Section 138 of the Negotiable Instruments Act, 1881 and Section 420…

The appellant, Hasan Khan, was detained under Section 3(1) of the Maharashtra Prevention of Dangerous Activities of Slum‑lords, Bootleggers, Drug Offenders and Dangerous Persons Act, 1981 on the ground that he was a notorious goonda who extorted money, threatened and assaulted residents, thereby disturbing the even tem…

Krishan Niwas, a government employee, was convicted under Section 302 IPC and sentenced to life imprisonment, leading to his removal from service under Article 311(2). The conviction was later modified to Section 325 IPC with a 1½‑year sentence. After serving the term, a departmental appeal reduced his penalty to a low…

Sambhoo Nath Misra filed a private complaint against R.D. Tripathi, a government servant, alleging offences under IPC sections 409, 420, 465, 468 and 477A for forging his signature and misappropriating Rs.443.90. The magistrate dismissed the complaint on the ground that sanction under Section 197 of the CrPC had not be…

On 25 April 1972, a political dispute in Padaria Tula, Uttar Pradesh, led Bhupendra Singh (appellant No.1) and his supporters to fire at Gajendra Singh, who later died. The trial court acquitted all accused, but the Allahabad High Court convicted Bhupendra Singh under section 302 IPC for murder and others under section…

The case concerned fifteen accused persons charged with the murder of Appikatla Tataiah. Four of them (A‑1, A‑2, A‑5 and A‑11) were convicted under section 302 read with section 149 of the IPC, while the remaining eleven were acquitted. The central issue was whether section 149 IPC could be invoked to sustain the murde…

The appellants, Usmanbhai Menon and others, were arrested after an armed clash and produced before a Designated Court under the Terrorist & Disruptive Activities (Prevention) Act, 1987 (TADA). Their bail applications were rejected by the Designated Court, and they sought bail from the Gujarat High Court under s.439 of …

The appellant was convicted under Sections 376(1) and 450 of the IPC for raping his brother's wife, based solely on the prosecutrix's testimony. The prosecution's case lacked any independent witnesses and the medical and forensic reports showed no injuries, semen or blood stains, and the forensic report was inconclusiv…

The case involved a fatal road accident in which Sitaram, a government school teacher, was riding a motorcycle that collided with a bus owned by the Rajasthan State Road Transport Corporation and driven rashly by its driver. The claimants sought compensation under the Motor Vehicles Act, 1988, and the Motor Accident Cl…

Gagan Kumar was convicted by a Judicial Magistrate of offences under Sections 279 and 304-A of the Indian Penal Code and sentenced to two separate terms of rigorous imprisonment with fines. He appealed to the Additional Sessions Judge and then to the High Court, both of which affirmed the conviction and sentence. The s…

The petitioner, MD Mannan, was convicted of rape and murder of an eight‑year‑old girl and sentenced to death by the trial court, a decision affirmed by the High Court and the Supreme Court. He filed a review petition which was dismissed by circulation, but the Supreme Court reopened it following the Mohd Arif decision …

On 19 November 2006, a dispute over cutting a tree led three accused (Arjun, Lalaram and Padumlal) to assault the deceased Ayodhya Prasad with a katta, gandasa and a stone, causing fatal head injuries. The prosecution proved the case through the testimony of a related witness (the deceased's brother, PW‑6), four eye‑wi…

The Supreme Court allowed appeals against the acquittal of A2 to A4 (Sasikala, Sudhakaran, Elavarasi) in a disproportionate assets case under the Prevention of Corruption Act, 1988. The trial court had convicted them for conspiracy and abetment with A1 (Jayalalitha, since deceased) in amassing assets worth Rs.66.65 cro…

The appellant Birju was convicted for the murder of a one‑year‑old child, shot with a pistol after the child’s grandfather refused to give him money for liquor. The trial court and the High Court sentenced him to death, invoking his extensive criminal record as an aggravating factor. On appeal, the Supreme Court examin…

V.K. Verma was convicted under Section 161 of the IPC and Section 5(1)(d) read with Section 5(2) of the Prevention of Corruption Act, 1947 for demanding a bribe of Rs.265 in 1984. The trial court sentenced him to one and a half years’ rigorous imprisonment and a fine of Rs.5,000 on each count, which the High Court uphe…

The appellants challenged the registration of FIR No. 442 of 2012 on the ground that a second FIR cannot be filed for the same incident after an earlier FIR had been lodged. The Court examined the scope of the "principle of sameness" and held that while a second FIR on identical facts is prohibited, a counter‑FIR prese…

Bansi Lal was convicted under Sections 498-A, 304-B and 306 of the IPC for the suicide of his wife Sarla, who had left the matrimonial home after a year of marriage, stayed with her parents for 14 months, and returned following a panchayat assurance. The prosecution proved a consistent demand for a scooter by the accus…

The appellant Budhaev Karmaskar was convicted of murdering a sex worker, Chayay Rani Pal, by repeatedly striking her head, causing fatal injuries. Eye‑witness testimony and a detailed post‑mortem report established the brutality of the assault and the cause of death. The trial court sentenced him to life imprisonment u…

The trial court convicted five accused of offences under Sections 148, 323, 324, 325 and 326 read with Section 149 of the IPC and sentenced them to imprisonment and fines. On appeal, the High Court reduced some sentences, enhanced the fine and ordered the accused to be released on probation under Section 360 of the CrP…

Bipul Gogoi, employed as a driver, disappeared on 9 October 1996 and was later declared a proclaimed offender for absconding with the vehicle. His parents claimed compensation under the Workmen Compensation Act, 1923, asserting his death in the course of employment. The Commissioner and the High Court awarded compensat…

The appellants, JAKKI @ SELVARAJ and another, were convicted under Sections 148 and 302 IPC for the murder of a deceased, based primarily on the testimony of an eye‑witness (PW‑13) and corroborating medical evidence. Two other eye‑witnesses turned hostile, and the High Court acquitted four co‑accused, holding PW‑13's e…

The State of Andhra Pradesh appealed the acquittal of five accused who had been convicted by the trial court for murder under Sections 302, 148 and 149 IPC. The High Court set aside the conviction on the ground that the two eyewitnesses – PW1 (brother of the deceased) and PW2 (brother‑in‑law) – were interested witnesse…

Allarkha K. Mansuri was charged with murder under Sections 302, 504 and 114 IPC for allegedly stabbing Abdul Karim Ali Mohamed with a dharia. The trial court acquitted him, relying on alleged discrepancies in the FIR, the time of death, weapon identification and the alleged lateness of statements under Section 161 CrPC…

On 23 October 1989, two nephews of Hardip Singh were shot dead by Jugraj Singh and his accomplices who were armed with guns and a gandasa. The prosecution presented the two surviving relatives as eye‑witnesses, supported by a post‑mortem report that identified gun‑shot injuries, and the trial court convicted the accuse…

A writ petition under Article 32 was filed by R. Karuppan, claiming to act for the Madras High Court Advocates Association, seeking a declaration that Chief Justice of India Dr. A.S. Anand was born on 1‑Nov‑1934 rather than 1‑Nov‑1936 and had therefore retired on 31‑Oct‑1999. The Association’s members later denied auth…

The appellant, a member of the Oraon tribe, alleged that her husband, a Santhal, contracted a second marriage while their first marriage subsisted, and filed a criminal complaint for bigamy under Section 494 of the IPC. The trial magistrate dismissed the complaint for lack of evidence of any tribal custom that makes a …

The appellant, Gokak Patel Volkart Ltd., filed criminal complaints under Section 630(1)(b) of the Companies Act, 1956 and Section 406 IPC against former employees who, after retirement, failed to vacate company quarters. The trial magistrate dismissed the complaints as time‑barred under the six‑month limitation prescri…

Padum Kumar, a postman, delivered a registered envelope containing four Indira Vikas Patras (Rs.20,000) on 09‑04‑1992, which was never received by the complainant, Dr. K.B. Varshney. The delivery slip bore the signature "D. Mohan"; the complainant's son, Devesh Mohan, denied that the signature was his. Private handwrit…

The case involved the murder and robbery of Premchand Jain and his family, for which three accused were initially convicted and sentenced to death. The High Court acquitted the accused, and the matter came before the Supreme Court on appeal by the complainant Ashish Jain and the State of Madhya Pradesh. The Court exami…

Rajinder Kumar was convicted for the dowry death of his wife, Raj Rani, who was allegedly harassed by him and his family for a demand of Rs 20,000 after marriage. The deceased’s brothers, Ganpat Rai and Hari Chand, testified that the harassment occurred shortly before her death, which was caused by aluminium phosphide …

The husband filed a petition for divorce under the Hindu Marriage Act, 1955, and the Family Court initially proceeded ex parte when the wife could not be served. The wife later appeared, the ex parte order was set aside, and the case was adjourned for conciliation, but she remained absent at subsequent hearings. The Fa…

The appellants were convicted of murder (Sec. 302 IPC) for assaulting the deceased, Nripen Debnath, when his bullock cart entered the appellants' field. The Supreme Court examined the credibility of the eye‑witness PW‑3, the omission of certain details in the complaint, and the alleged political motive behind the prose…

Salman Salim Khan was convicted under Section 51 of the Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972 and sentenced to five years' imprisonment. The Rajasthan High Court suspended his conviction, allowing him to travel abroad for his acting profession, but the UK denied his visa on the basis of the conviction. The State of Rajasthan…

The State of Uttar Pradesh appealed against the Allahabad High Court's acquittal of A‑1, who had been convicted by the trial court for kidnapping, wrongful confinement and rape of a minor girl. The girl, aged about 17 years, was abducted from her village, taken to a city, and forced to have sexual intercourse under thr…

Lakhan Lal and Pappu Lal were convicted of murder under IPC s.302 read with s.34 and sentenced to life imprisonment. At the time of the offence (9 May 1985) they were about 16 years old, i.e., minors under the age of 18. The Supreme Court examined whether they could be treated as juveniles under the Juvenile Justice (C…

The appellant Sudhir Kumar was convicted under Section 304B of the IPC for the dowry death of his wife, Kamlesh Rani, while his mother and other relatives were acquitted. The Supreme Court examined whether the presumption of dowry death under Section 113B of the Evidence Act was rebutted because four of the five accuse…

The case arose from a 1997 incident in which Ramji Tiwari, armed with a double‑barrel gun, shot and killed several persons after being urged by co‑accused. The trial court convicted Ramji under Section 302 IPC and sentenced him to death, while the other four accused were convicted under Section 302 read with Section 10…

The case involved five financial transactions between Maruti Udyog Ltd (MUL), a government company, and Harshad S. Mehta (A5), a broker, routed through banks. The CBI alleged that the accused conspired to divert MUL's surplus funds to A5 through fraudulent transactions. The Special Court convicted A1, A3, A4, and A5, a…

Harichand was convicted under Section 408 of the Indian Penal Code and sentenced to two years' rigorous imprisonment and a fine. The Sessions Court upheld the conviction but set aside the sentence, releasing him on probation under Section 4(1) of the Probation of Offenders Act, 1958. Because of the conviction, the Dire…

The State of Uttar Pradesh prosecuted Ashok Kumar Srivastava, his father Rajendra Lal and sister Sudha for the murder of Meera Srivastava, alleging they set her ablaze over a dowry dispute. The trial court convicted them under Sections 302 and 34 IPC based on the testimony of neighbours (PW1, PW4, PW3) and circumstanti…

The State of Assam charged Sub‑Inspector Mafizuddin Ahmed with murder for allegedly pouring kerosene on his wife and setting her on fire. The prosecution relied on the victim's dying declaration recorded by a magistrate, an oral statement to her uncle, and the testimony of her 7‑year‑old son. The trial court convicted,…

The appellant, a former Superintendent of Police, was implicated by a Special Judge for allegedly fabricating a false story that led to the recovery of opium and was issued a show‑cause notice under Section 58 of the NDPS Act. The Special Judge recorded adverse findings against her and other officers without giving the…

The former West Bengal Education Minister, Partha Chatterjee, was arrested by the Enforcement Directorate in connection with a large‑scale teachers recruitment scam and alleged money‑laundering offences under the PMLA. After raids recovered substantial cash and gold from his associates and companies, he was denied bail…

The appellant, George, was convicted under Sections 294(b), 341 and 302 IPC for the murder of the informant's son, based solely on the testimony of the father (PW‑1), an interested witness. The High Court, however, acquitted two co‑accused on the same testimony, finding it unreliable for them, yet upheld the appellant'…

The appellant lodged an FIR alleging that his brother was murdered in Firozabad and that a separate FIR was falsely registered in Gwalior to provide an alibi for the main accused. The High Court quashed the criminal proceedings against several police officials, holding that sanction under Section 197 of the CrPC was re…

The appellant, a former branch manager of Sri Rama Grameena Bank, was convicted under Sections 409, 420 and 477A of the IPC and Section 13(2) read with 13(1)(d) of the Prevention of Corruption Act for allegedly allowing withdrawals from an account of the Nishita Educational Academy and prematurely encashing two fixed d…

The case concerns the murder of a police officer for which two accused were acquitted by the trial court. The High Court reversed the acquittal and convicted them for life, relying on the testimony of police witnesses and a purported dying declaration. On appeal, the Supreme Court examined the scope of appellate review…

The appellants were accused of kidnapping and murdering a nine‑year‑old boy in February 2001. The prosecution's case rested on an extra‑judicial confession by Accused No.1, the testimony of two witnesses (PW‑28 and PW‑29) to establish a "last seen" theory, and circumstantial evidence linking the accused to the recovere…

Suraj Jagannath Jadav was convicted of murder for pouring kerosene on his pregnant wife and setting her ablaze. He appealed, arguing that he was intoxicated, lacked intent to kill, and that the subsequent act of pouring water should reduce the offence to culpable homicide not amounting to murder under Exception 4 to Se…

The State of Rajasthan prosecuted Leela Ram for murder after he, along with two co‑accused, attacked the deceased with an axe, inflicting a fatal skull injury. The trial court convicted him under Sections 302, 341 and 323 IPC, but the Rajasthan High Court reduced the murder conviction to culpable homicide not amounting…

The Telecom Department of the erstwhile Telecom Department reported theft of copper and lead alloy moulds, which were seized from the first respondent, Surya Metals, and placed under interim custody of the appellant, Bharat Sanchar Nigam Limited (BSNL), under CrPC s.451. The criminal trial resulted in the acquittal of …

The State of Uttar Pradesh prosecuted Prem Bhujva, Raghuvir, Mehngu and Prem Yadav for the murder of Lallu Singh, alleging an ambush and shooting on 30 July 2003. The trial court, relying on two eye‑witnesses, recovery of a pistol from Prem Yadav and a ballistic report linking the weapon to cartridges found at the scen…

The wife, Archana Hardenia, committed suicide, leading to criminal proceedings under IPC sections 498‑A (cruelty) and 306 (abetment of suicide) against her husband Amrish Hardenia, his parents, brother and sister‑in‑law. The Sessions Judge discharged the four relatives (parents, brother, sister‑in‑law) on the ground th…

The appellant, a ball‑picker at a university tennis court, was convicted under Sections 363 and 376(2)(f) IPC for raping an 11‑year‑old maid after luring her with the promise of bangles and taking her into a storeroom. The trial court had acquitted him, but the High Court reversed that judgment on the basis of eye‑witn…

Budhi Singh, the younger brother of Ganga Ram, was charged with murder after he struck his drunken brother on the head with a small axe (tobru) when their father was being assaulted. The trial court convicted him under Section 302 IPC and sentenced him to life imprisonment; the High Court affirmed. On appeal, the Supre…

The appellants were convicted of murder under Section 302 read with Section 34 of the Indian Penal Code for stabbing the deceased while two others held him, based on eyewitness testimony of three witnesses and medical evidence. They challenged the conviction on four grounds: denial of a fair hearing before the High Cou…

The appellant, Sandesh alias Sainath Kailash Abhang, entered a house pretending to be a mechanic, robbed valuables, brutally assaulted the elderly resident and a five‑month‑pregnant woman, inflicted numerous injuries, amputated fingers, and raped the pregnant woman before killing the elderly lady. He was found to be un…

The appellant Sahabuddin and his brother‑in‑law Sarifuddin were convicted for the murder of Sahabuddin's wife, Sajna Begum, based on circumstantial evidence and the testimony of several relatives who observed injuries on the deceased. The prosecution established a chain of events showing the victim's reluctance to retu…

The appellant Yanab Sheikh was convicted for murdering Samim Ali by throwing a bomb, under IPC s.302 and the Indian Explosives Act s.9(b)(ii). The prosecution’s case rested on eyewitness statements and forensic evidence. The appellant challenged the conviction on five grounds, chiefly that the police entry recorded as …

Krishan was charged under Sections 302, 498A and 109 read with Section 34 of the IPC for allegedly setting his wife Rani on fire. Rani gave a dying declaration implicating Krishan, which was recorded by a Sub‑Divisional Judicial Magistrate after a medical certificate of fitness. The trial court acquitted Krishan, relyi…

The case concerned whether a second FIR could be registered in relation to communal violence in Gorakhpur and whether the accused was entitled to a hearing before such registration. The appellant, Anju Chaudhary, challenged a High Court order directing the magistrate to register a new FIR under Section 156(3) CrPC, arg…

Haradhan Das was convicted for murder under Section 302 read with Section 149 of the IPC for a dacoity in which the deceased Barindra Nath Mukherjee was killed. The trial court had acquitted three co‑accused on the ground of non‑identification, but the Supreme Court held that the prosecution proved its case against the…

The appellants, Sanapareddy Maheedhar and his parents, were charged under Sections 498A and 406 IPC read with the Dowry Prohibition Act for alleged dowry harassment and cruelty towards the appellant's wife, who later obtained a divorce in the United States and remarried. The Metropolitan Magistrate took cognizance of t…

The State of Andhra Pradesh filed a criminal case against A.S. Peter for alleged false declaration of stock and insurance fraud, leading to an FIR under IPC sections 199, 200 and 204 and a charge‑sheet filed by the local police. After allegations of irregularities in the initial investigation, the Additional Director G…

The appellant, Rameshwar Dass, was convicted under Section 304B of the IPC for the dowry death of his pregnant wife, Sushma Rani, who allegedly committed suicide after being tortured for a dowry demand of Rs 40,000. The prosecution relied on the husband’s telegram to the father‑in‑law, testimony of the brother‑in‑law, …

The appellant challenged the validity of a lease agreement, alleging it was forged, and the Kerala High Court's Single Judge ordered a criminal complaint under Section 340 of the CrPC based on a handwriting expert's report. The High Court set aside that order, holding that Section 340 could not be invoked because the a…

The appellant Ujjagar Singh was charged with murdering his niece Mukhtiar Kaur and raping her. Both were found with gunshot wounds; the appellant also sustained a serious injury. The trial and High Courts convicted him under sections 302, 376 and 309 IPC and imposed death penalty. On appeal, the Supreme Court examined …

Suja Uday Patil (wife) appealed against the decree of divorce granted to her husband, Uday Madhukar Patil, on the grounds of cruelty and desertion under the Hindu Marriage Act. The trial court had initially ordered judicial separation, but the District Judge later dissolved the marriage and awarded alimony, a decision …

A contempt application was filed under Section 17 of the Administrative Tribunals Act, 1985 before the Andhra Pradesh Administrative Tribunal against the Principal Secretary for wilful disobedience of the Tribunal's order. The State and the Principal Secretary challenged the Tribunal's jurisdiction in the Andhra Prades…

Arun Kumar Agarwal and others filed a writ petition in the Karnataka High Court seeking the cancellation of a 1,000 MW thermal power project at Mangalore and the registration of a FIR for alleged corruption. The High Court, without detailed analysis, directed the CBI to investigate based on thirteen points of alleged s…

The Supreme Court examined the murder of 12‑year‑old Arun Rai, alleged to have arisen from a dispute over the price of milk. The trial court convicted Mithilesh Rai (Sec.302 IPC, death sentence) and Madan Rai (Sec.302 read with Sec.109 IPC, life imprisonment); Raj Naresh Rai was acquitted. On appeal, the High Court set…

The State of U.P. appealed against the Allahabad High Court’s acquittal of Raghubir Singh (A‑2) in a murder‑kidnapping case involving the death of a six‑year‑old boy, Ashok. The trial court had convicted both accused, Manpal Singh (A‑1) and Raghubir Singh, under IPC sections 364, 302 and 34 based on the testimony of th…

A violent dispute between rival trade unions in Trichur led to the stabbing deaths of two brothers, Vincent and Davis. The accused, Al (N.G. Sreedharan) and A2 (V.K. Sudhan), were initially acquitted by the trial court, but the Kerala High Court convicted them under Section 302 read with Section 34 of the IPC. On appea…

The Supreme Court examined three election petitions challenging the election of Giani Zail Singh as President of India. The petitioners, who had not been duly nominated as candidates under the Presidential and Vice‑Presidential Elections Act, 1952, claimed the returned candidate exercised undue influence and was unsuit…

The appellants Dhanabal and his brother were convicted of murder under IPC s.302 read with s.149 for the killing of their sister‑in‑law Rasayal. The conviction relied heavily on the testimony of PW‑1, 2, 3 and 5, whose statements were recorded in the committal court, later transcribed under CrPC s.288 and, for some, al…

The case arose from an FIR under IPC sections 363 and 366 and POCSO Act sections 3 and 4 alleging that a 14‑year‑old girl was abducted and sexually assaulted by Natuji Thakor. The victim’s later statements mentioned three other persons – Labhuji, Shashikant and Jituji – who were present in the vehicle used for the alle…

The State of Uttarakhand appealed a High Court order acquitting Jairnail Singh of charges under IPC s.307 (attempt to murder) and Arms Act s.25(1‑A). The Session Court had convicted Singh, but the High Court set aside the conviction, citing material infirmities such as the failure to forensic‑test the recovered pistol,…

The appellant State of Madhya Pradesh appealed against a High Court order that reduced the sentence of Surendra Singh, who was convicted for causing death by rash and negligent driving of a jeep. The trial court had sentenced him under IPC sections 279, 337 and 304‑A to six months and two years of rigorous imprisonment…

The appellant, Surinder Singh, was convicted under Sections 3048 and 498A of the IPC for the death of his wife Anita, who died by burns within 94 days of marriage. The prosecution alleged that the husband and his family were dissatisfied with the dowry received and repeatedly harassed Anita, demanding Rs 60,000 for the…

Pashaura Singh married Kamaljeet Kaur in 1997, moved to Canada and obtained a divorce decree from the Supreme Court of British Columbia in February 2001. After returning to India he remarried on 2 January 2002. Kamaljeet's brother filed an FIR under IPC sections 494 (bigamy), 498A (dowry harassment) and 506/34 (crimina…

The appellants were convicted of murder under Section 302 read with Section 34 IPC for a fatal assault on the deceased during a quarrel. The Supreme Court examined whether the incident fell within Exception 4 to Section 300 IPC, which applies to killings occurring in a sudden fight without pre‑meditation, undue advanta…

The appellant Hasi Mohan Barman, who was in a relationship with PW‑1, allegedly forced her to abort a pregnancy by administering injections with the help of co‑accused Abinash Biswas, leading to a conviction under IPC s.313 r.w. s.34. While the trial and High Courts upheld the conviction, the sentence was reduced. Duri…

The State of Andhra Pradesh prosecuted V. Vasudeva Rao, an Assistant Controller, for demanding a bribe to prevent his transfer and for accepting the money, which he claimed was a hand loan. A trap was arranged, the accused was caught with the money, and the complainant died before he could be examined. The trial court …

The appellants Raghunath and eight others were convicted under IPC sections 148, 149, 302, 323, 325, 436 and 452 for a violent incident in which the deceased Kundan Lal was killed. The Supreme Court examined contradictions in witness statements, the improbability of the prosecution’s version of the melee, the lack of e…

The Supreme Court examined whether a High Court, exercising criminal appellate jurisdiction under Section 374(2) of the Cr.P.C., could direct the State Government to file an appeal against an acquittal by a Sessions Judge. The High Court had ordered the Advocate General of Haryana to file a leave‑to‑appeal application …

The accused, members of the Bhirad family, were convicted for assaulting Ganesh Dhage with swords, causing severe injuries, under Sections 147, 148, 307 read with Section 149 of the IPC. The victim, while hospitalized, identified the accused by name in a statement recorded by doctors, which the defence claimed was spec…

Selvaraj, one of four brothers, stabbed his brother Dasan and another relative during a family property dispute. Three eye‑witnesses (PW1, PW5, PW6) testified to the incident, and a post‑mortem report showed a fatal chest wound and evisceration. The trial court acquitted Selvaraj, but the Madras High Court convicted hi…

The deceased, Smt. Kailash, was married to Sat Pal and allegedly subjected to harassment by her mother‑in‑law (Smt. Shanti) and another relative for not providing a scooter and television as dowry. She was found dead under unnatural circumstances within seven years of marriage, and the accused were charged under IPC se…

The appellant was charged with murder, attempt to rape and related offences after the deceased was found dead in a pool of blood. The trial court acquitted him, finding the prosecution's key witness (PW1) unreliable and noting the non‑examination of material witnesses and the absence of a fingerprint report. The High C…

The appellant Subramanya was charged with murdering Kamalamma along with co‑accused Gowri and Seetharam Bhat. The trial court acquitted all three, but the Karnataka High Court convicted Subramanya under IPC s.302 and sentenced him to life imprisonment, relying on an extra‑judicial confession by Seetharam, motive, and d…

The appellant, Md. Anowar Hussain, was convicted by the Sessions Court and the Gauhati High Court for murdering his wife, Samina Begum, based on circumstantial evidence and a post‑mortem report showing asphyxia due to throttling. The appellant claimed the victim died of an illness in hospital and that he had left home …

The appellant Ramanand (alias Nandlal Bharti) was convicted and sentenced to death for allegedly murdering his wife and four children, based largely on circumstantial evidence comprising a discovery statement of the murder weapon, extra‑judicial confessions to two witnesses, alleged motive stemming from an extramarital…

Anil Bhardwaj was selected for the post of District Judge (Entry Level) in Madhya Pradesh but was declared ineligible after a committee found a criminal case (FIR under IPC sections 498A, 406, 34) pending against him. The committee’s decision, based on the pending case, led to his name being deleted from the select lis…

Senior IPS officer Sanjiv Rajendra Bhatt filed writ petitions under Article 32 seeking transfer of investigations into two criminal cases to the CBI or a fresh Special Investigation Team (SIT), alleging that he was present at a 2002 Gujarat meeting, that the Court‑appointed SIT leaked confidential material, and that hi…

The respondent was convicted under Sections 363, 366A and 376 of the IPC and sentenced to rigorous imprisonment. On appeal before the Rajasthan High Court, his counsel only sought a direction that the State Government exercise its power under Section 433 of the CrPC to commute the sentence, and the public prosecutor di…

The West Bengal Police recruited constables and placed the respondent on the provisional select list. He was medically fit and submitted a verification roll stating he had never been arrested, but an enquiry revealed his involvement in a criminal case under IPC sections 148, 323, 380, 448, 427 and 506, for which a char…

A dispute over panchayat elections led Arumugam (A‑1), Shanmugavel (A‑2) and Subbiah (A‑3) to attack their brother Vairamuthu with a spike, an aruval and a stick, causing his death. The trial court convicted A‑1 under s.302 IPC and the High Court upheld the conviction. On appeal, the accused argued that the testimony o…

The appellant, Sidhapal Kamala Yadav, a prisoner, was convicted of murdering co‑prisoner Dilip Sitaram Chaudhary in a hospital ward. He pleaded the defence of unsoundness of mind under Section 84 of the Indian Penal Code, claiming he was incapable of knowing the nature of his act. Two psychiatrists who examined him tes…

The appellants Bur Singh and others were convicted for murder under Section 302 read with Section 34 of the IPC for the killing of Surjan Singh. The prosecution relied on the testimony of two eye‑witnesses who were relatives of the deceased. The appellants argued that the witnesses were interested and that the doctrine…

The accused (respondents 2 and 3) were tried for offences under Sections 147, 452, 364, 302/149 and 201/149 of the IPC. Two prosecution witnesses, PW‑3 (Bhopalaram) and PW‑5 (Nandaram), had been examined and cross‑examined in the trial court and later again as witnesses before a Juvenile Court, where they gave statemen…

Ram Singh and an accomplice were convicted of murder, house‑trespass and intimidation under Sections 302, 452 and 504 of the IPC after the deceased’s wife and son testified that the accused stabbed the victim inside his house. The appellants challenged the conviction on the ground that the eyewitnesses were close relat…

The appellants were charged under Sections 306, 498A read with Section 34 of the IPC for the death of Sharmila. The complainant sought to introduce a later death certificate dated 10‑04‑2004, which alleged a different cause of death from an earlier certificate dated 18‑05‑2000. The trial court kept the certificate issu…

The State of Andhra Pradesh filed a complaint under Sections 199 and 200 of the Cr.P.C. alleging that the appellants, through a telecast on E TV-2, intended to defame the Chief Minister, other ministers and public servants. The appellants sought to quash the criminal proceedings under Section 482 of the Cr.P.C., claimi…

The deceased was poisoned with brandy allegedly mixed with a toxic substance by the first accused (A-1). The prosecution claimed that the appellant, A-2, the deceased's former wife, instigated A-1 to commit the murder, leading to convictions under Section 302 read with Section 109 of the IPC. On appeal, the Supreme Cou…

The appellant, a senior IAS officer, was convicted under IPC 120‑B read with Section 5(1)(d) of the Prevention of Corruption Act for conspiring to award a contract to a black‑listed firm at exorbitant rates. The trial court imposed a fine of Rs 10,000 and imprisonment till the rising of the court; the High Court dismis…

Baldev Singh and his father were convicted by a Special Court for murder (Sec. 302 r/w Sec. 34 IPC) and for possession of an unlicensed weapon. The Supreme Court examined the evidence, including the FIR, eyewitness statements and post‑mortem report, and found that the injuries inflicted were not sufficient to constitut…

The appellant, a three‑time Chief Minister of Delhi, was arrested by the CBI in June 2024 in connection with an FIR registered in August 2022 under sections 120B, 477A IPC and section 7 PC Act. He challenged the legality of the arrest under Sections 41A and 41(1)(b)(ii) of the CrPC and also sought regular bail. The Hig…

On 7 November 2003 a large mob in Ahmedabad assaulted several persons, burnt a two-wheeler and an auto‑rickshaw, and snatched the gold chain of PW‑2. The appellant, accused No.6, was identified only by PW‑2’s testimony given two years later, without any identification parade and amidst a crowd of 50‑100 people. The tri…

The Supreme Court examined the appropriate procedure for police to conduct media briefings during ongoing criminal investigations, balancing the public’s right to information under Article 19(1)(a) with the accused’s presumption of innocence and victims’ privacy under Article 21. An amicus curiae was appointed who coll…

The appellant, Rupesh Manger, was charged with murdering his grandfather using a sharp-edged weapon. He pleaded insanity, and the trial court, after considering psychiatric reports indicating acute psychotic disorder and abnormal behavior at the time of the offence, acquitted him under Section 84 of the IPC. The High C…

The appellants – the husband and his in‑laws – were convicted for dowry harassment that allegedly led to the suicide of the wife, Tuli Shah, by alleged consumption of poison. The trial court, and subsequently the High Court, held that despite the post‑mortem and viscera reports being silent on the exact cause of death …

The appellant, a son, and his father were drinking together when a quarrel erupted on the night of 26-27 July 2010. The son attacked his father with a piece of Nagar wood, inflicting eleven severe injuries to the head, neck, chest and abdomen, leading to the father's death. He was convicted of murder under Section 302 …

The appellant and respondent were married in 2002 but the marriage was never consummated and the parties lived apart for almost two decades. The appellant filed for divorce on the ground of cruelty; the trial court granted a decree on the basis of irretrievable breakdown, which was later set aside by the appellate cour…

The appellant Abdul Wahab K. challenged the order of a Chief Judicial Magistrate (CJM) that allowed the Public Prosecutor to withdraw prosecution under Sections 195A and 506 IPC, on the ground that the CJM had not applied the proper test under Section 321 of the CrPC. The petitioners, third parties, filed revision peti…

The Supreme Court examined a criminal case where the Public Prosecutor sought to withdraw prosecution under Sections 195A and 506 IPC, and the Chief Judicial Magistrate allowed the withdrawal. The order was challenged by the accused through revision petitions filed by third‑party petitioners, which the Kerala High Cour…

The appellant, a cardiologist, was charged under Section 304A IPC for the death of a patient after an unsuccessful angioplasty and subsequent bypass surgery. The police investigation concluded there was no evidence, but the magistrate proceeded with the case, and the High Court refused to quash the proceedings, citing …

The appellant, Sumit Mehta, was charged under IPC sections 420, 467, 468 and 471 and the Delhi High Court granted him anticipatory bail on the condition that he deposit a fixed deposit of Rs 1 crore in the complainant's name. Mehta appealed to the Supreme Court, contending that the condition was unreasonable, unrelated…

Manjit Singh and Paramjit Singh were convicted for the murder of Jagmohan Singh and the attempted murder of Amarjot Singh after a gang fired on a tractor following a political dispute. The appellants challenged the convictions on five grounds, chiefly that two material witnesses were not examined, that the maxim falsus…

Dr. P.B. Desai, a renowned surgeon, was convicted under Section 338 read with Section 109 of the IPC for allegedly causing grievous hurt to a cancer patient by advising and then omitting to perform an exploratory laparotomy. The patient later died, and the appellant was also found guilty of professional misconduct by t…

The appellant, Ashwani Kumar Saxena, was convicted of murder under IPC s.302 r.w. s.27 Arms Act and appealed, claiming he was a juvenile at the time of the offence (19‑Oct‑2008). He produced school mark‑sheets and the school admission register showing a birth date of 24‑Oct‑1990, while the trial court relied on ossific…

The State of Rajasthan prosecuted fifteen persons for murder and kidnapping under Sections 302, 364 read with Section 34 IPC, alleging a land‑related dispute and a group assault on the deceased. Four eye‑witnesses, including a relative of the victim, identified the accused, while two of those witnesses turned hostile. …

The appellant Gajoo, the brother‑in‑law of the deceased Taradevi, was convicted of murder under Section 302 IPC for allegedly assaulting the victim with a daranti and strangling her while her elder son held her down. The appellant challenged the conviction on grounds that the eye‑witnesses were relatives and thus unrel…

The appellant, the son of a woman who committed suicide, challenged the High Court's order quashing the charge of abetment of suicide (IPC s.306) framed against the accused property dealer. The Supreme Court examined whether the High Court had correctly exercised its revisional (s.397) and inherent (s.482) powers of th…

The case involved the murder of Kirori, where Mahesh and Kanhaiyalal were initially acquitted by the trial court but later convicted by the High Court under Section 302 read with Section 34 of the IPC. The appellants argued that the FIR did not mention their role, that eyewitness statements were recorded after an eight…

Ajitsingh Harnamsingh Gujral was convicted of murdering his wife and three children by dousing them with petrol and setting them alight. The trial court and the Bombay High Court sentenced him to death. On appeal, the Supreme Court examined the circumstantial evidence, including the accused's last sighting with the vic…

The appellant, Santosh Kumari, widow of a murder victim, challenged the High Court's orders that set aside the trial court's charge and granted interim bail to the accused. The Supreme Court examined whether the charge, which listed only the relevant sections of the Ranbir Penal Code without a specific offence name, co…

The case involved a double murder where the deceased Irappa and his brother Kenchappa were killed after confronting Sangappa (A‑1) over an earlier assault on their son. The trial court acquitted all seven accused, but the Karnataka High Court convicted three of them (A‑1, A‑2, A‑4) under section 302 IPC read with secti…

The appellant, Sunita Jha, was charged under Section 498A of the Indian Penal Code for cruelty to the complainant, Asha Rani Pal, on the ground that she was living with Pal's husband as his wife. The trial court rejected her discharge application, and the Jharkhand High Court affirmed that her cohabitation made her a f…

The State of Rajasthan prosecuted Parthu for the murder of his wife Lali, who died from severe burn injuries after allegedly being doused with kerosene and set alight by him. The prosecution relied on two dying declarations recorded by police officers, with a doctor present who attested the victim's thumb impression an…

The accused, a school teacher, forcibly had sexual intercourse with his 4th‑standard student, who was about 14 years old at the time, and later became pregnant. The victim lodged an FIR after a delay, leading to trial where the accused was convicted under IPC sections 376 (rape) and 506 (criminal intimidation). The Hig…

The Supreme Court examined the convictions of seven accused in a murder case arising from a Naxalite attack in 1983. The key issue was whether identification of an accused for the first time in court, without a prior test identification parade or corroboration, could support a conviction, especially when the accused wa…

The appellants Sukhdev Yadav and others were convicted under IPC s.302 for the murder of Ram Dev Singh Mukhiya. The prosecution relied on five eye‑witnesses who placed the incident near Mahavir Modi's house, a mango tree, or a field, while a defence witness claimed a different location. The appellants argued that these…

The State of Himachal Pradesh alleged that accused growers and officials conspired to inflate the quantity of scab‑affected apples procured for destruction, thereby cheating the government. The prosecution’s case rested entirely on the testimony of the District Horticulture Officer, who was presented as an expert on th…

The appellants were convicted under Sections 302, 302/114 and 498-A of the IPC solely on the basis of the deceased's dying declaration. The Supreme Court examined whether the dying declaration was reliable, focusing on the requirement that the declarant be conscious and in a fit state of mind, which must be certified b…

On 26 July 1986 the appellant Devinder allegedly attacked Ramphal with a knife, inflicting chest and abdominal injuries in the presence of two eyewitnesses. The victim was taken to a hospital, where a medico‑legal report recorded his details and the manner of injury but omitted the assailant's name; he died the followi…

The Supreme Court examined the criminal proceedings arising from the 1984 Bhopal gas tragedy, where a leak of methyl isocyanate (MIC) from a Union Carbide India Ltd plant caused thousands of deaths and injuries. Twelve individuals, including Keshub Mahindra and other senior officials, were charged under IPC sections 30…

Raghbir Singh was convicted in a Sessions case on 1 February 1980 for offences under Sections 307 and 459 of the IPC and sentenced to rigorous imprisonment. While serving this sentence, he remained in judicial custody from 11 January 1980 for a separate case that later resulted in a conviction on 16 February 1981 by a …

The Supreme Court examined two writ petitions challenging orders of preventive detention under the National Security Act, 1980 issued against Alijan Mian and Jadunandan Sah, who were already in jail and likely to be released on bail. The detaining authority justified the detention on the ground that, if released, the p…

The appellant, Ashok Dhankad, challenged a Delhi High Court order that granted regular bail to accused wrestler Sushil Kumar under Section 483 of the Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita, 2023, in connection with an FIR alleging abduction, assault with dangerous weapons, and the death of a complainant's son. The High Cou…

The appellant, James Kunjwal, was accused of offences under Sections 376 and 504 IPC and was granted bail by the High Court. The complainant sought cancellation of bail, alleging that Kunjwal had filed a false affidavit contradicting her statements. The High Court, finding the affidavit intentionally false, directed th…

Kaptan Singh, acting as power of attorney for Munni Devi, filed a complaint alleging assault and other offences arising from a disputed sale of a plot. An FIR was registered, investigated, and a charge‑sheet was filed for offences under Sections 147, 148, 149, 406, 329 and 386 IPC. The accused filed a petition under Se…

The State of Kerala appealed against the Kerala High Court’s order quashing an FIR that alleged offences under Sections 182, 194, 195, 195A and 306 of the IPC based on a suicide note left by the deceased, a senior investigating officer. The Supreme Court examined whether the suicide note established a prima facie case …

An FIR under Section 364 IPC was lodged against the appellants. The police investigation concluded that no case was made out and submitted a final report under Section 173 CrPC, which the magistrate accepted. Despite accepting the negative report, the magistrate also ordered the case to proceed as a complaint, recorded…

The appellant, Lalu Prasad Yadav, sought transfer of the fodder‑scam criminal trial from the Special Judge (CBI) to another court, alleging that the judge was biased because of a familial link to a political rival. The Supreme Court examined the long‑running case, noting that the trial had been ongoing since 1997 and w…

The State of Madhya Pradesh prosecuted two individuals under Section 161 IPC and Sections 5(1)(d) and 5(2) of the Prevention of Corruption Act, 1947 for demanding illegal gratification in connection with an excise licence. A trap was arranged in which the complainant handed over treated currency notes; the deceased acc…

The complainant filed a criminal complaint under sections 498‑A, 406, 341, 323 and 120‑B IPC and sections 3 and 4 of the Dowry Prohibition Act against her husband and his immediate relatives, including the married sister‑in‑law (Preeti Gupta) and the unmarried brother‑in‑law (Gaurav Poddar). The trial court issued summ…

On 15 March 1983, a group of armed men entered the house of the informant Yusuf Ali Khan, injured him, his father and brother, and looted household property, constituting a dacoity. The trial court convicted five appellants under Section 396 IPC, later altered by the High Court to Section 395 IPC with a reduced sentenc…

The appellant Kittusamy, along with Channappan and Palanisamy, were convicted for murder under Section 302 read with Section 34 of the IPC for the killing of Ayyasamy, their son‑in‑law. The prosecution case relied on three eyewitnesses – the victim's cousin and his parents – who described the accused arriving armed and…

The case arose from a violent dispute over a piece of land in which the victim, Pratap Singh, was struck on the head with a kanta and later died after 38 days of medical treatment. The trial court convicted both appellants, Dashrath Singh and Raja Ram, under Section 302 (murder) and related offences, but the High Court…

The State of Rajasthan charged Rajaram under Section 302 IPC and Section 27 of the Arms Act for the murder of five persons. The trial court convicted him, relying mainly on extra‑judicial confessions to two witnesses (PW‑3 and PW‑4) and on circumstantial evidence such as his presence at the scene, suspicious conduct, b…

The State of Madhya Pradesh prosecuted Man Singh and three others for the murder of Dharamchand under Section 302 read with Section 34 IPC, also charging them under Section 324 r/w 34. The trial court relied on the testimony of injured eyewitnesses (PW‑4 and PW‑7) whose statements were recorded under Section 164 CrPC, …

The appellants were acquitted by a Sessions Court of murder charges under Sections 302 and 302/114 IPC. The State's appeal against the acquittal was dismissed by the High Court on a limitation ground, after which the informant filed a criminal revision under Section 401 of the CrPC. The High Court set aside the acquitt…

The appellants were part of an unlawful assembly that assaulted two men with various weapons, causing their deaths. The trial court, based on eyewitness and medical testimony, convicted all accused of murder under Section 302 read with Section 149 IPC, and also under Sections 148 and 147 IPC for other offences. The Hig…

Advocate Prem Surana, who was also an accused in a criminal case, entered the Jaipur District Court and, after his application for exemption from appearance was rejected and a non‑bailable warrant issued, verbally abused and slapped the presiding Judicial Magistrate in open court. The District Judge referred the incide…

The State of Orissa appealed the acquittal of Manmohan Das (Manu Bangali) and Arjun Das Agrawal for the murder of Bhagirathi Panda. The trial court had convicted several accused under Sections 302/149 IPC, but the High Court acquitted Manmohan Das and Arjun Das, holding that the prosecution evidence was not corroborate…

The Supreme Court entertained a class-action writ petition filed by Vishaka and NGOs seeking enforcement of the fundamental rights of working women under Articles 14, 19(1)(g) and 21 of the Constitution, prompted by a gang‑rape incident in Rajasthan. The Court held that sexual harassment of women in the workplace viola…

The appellant, an army jawan, was charged under Section 376 IPC for raping a minor girl. The Sessions Court, after hearing the doctor, the victim and her parents, concluded that rape had occurred but found no reliable evidence linking the appellant to the crime and acquitted him. The State appealed, and the High Court …

Nine persons, including Atmaram Zingaraji, were charged with rioting, unlawful assembly, murder and wrongful restraint for an incident on 5 June 1987. The trial court acquitted all, but the High Court set aside the acquittal of the appellant, convicting him under Section 302 IPC (simpliciter) and acquitting the others.…

The petitioner, a former Indian Navy captain, was detained in 1988 on suspicion of carrying atomic and defence secrets and was prosecuted under the Official Secrets Act and the Atomic Energy Act after consent from the Attorney General and authorisation from the Chief Vigilance Officer of the Department of Atomic Energy…

The case involved a fatal assault on Sivarami Reddi (Sivanna) by a group of accused persons amid a long-standing enmity. Three eye‑witnesses, who were relatives of the deceased, filed a written complaint and identified the assailants; the trial court convicted several accused under Sections 148 and 302 read with 149 IP…