Indian Penal Code, 1860

The Director of a housing cooperative society filed a complaint under Section 200 of the CrPC alleging that the society's office bearers had cheated the society by allotting a plot at a price far below market value and making illegal gains, based on a report of the Joint Registrar under the Karnataka Cooperative Societ…

The case arose from two FIRs relating to a family dispute over a farm house, leading to charge‑sheets against Manoj Narain Agrawal, Shashi Agrawal, Meenaxi Agrawal and others under various IPC sections. The High Court of Uttarakhand dismissed a criminal miscellaneous application under Section 482 CrPC but, while doing …

The State of Rajasthan appealed against the acquittal of Mohan Lal and others, who had been convicted for murder under Section 302 read with Section 34 of the Indian Penal Code. The Rajasthan High Court set aside the conviction, holding that the testimony of four alleged eyewitnesses was not credible due to inconsisten…

A complaint was lodged alleging rape and criminal intimidation under Sections 376 and 506 of the IPC and an offence under Section 3(1)(xii) of the Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes (Prevention of Atrocities) Act, 1989. The investigation was carried out by a police officer below the rank of Deputy Superintendent of …

The State of Kerala appealed the Kerala High Court’s order acquitting five accused of murder and related offences. The trial court had convicted them based on the testimony of two eye‑witnesses, but the High Court set aside those convictions, finding the First Information Report (FIR) incomplete, the FIR’s transmission…

The State of Andhra Pradesh appealed a High Court order that had quashed an FIR registered against Vangaveeti Nagaiah under Sections 7(A) and 8(e) of the Andhra Pradesh Prohibition Act, 1995 and Section 109 of the IPC. The appeal raised the question of whether the High Court correctly exercised its inherent power under…

The appellant Saban Bandu Patil and six co‑accused were tried for the death of Vithoba and injuries to others arising from a family dispute that escalated into a violent altercation. The trial court convicted three of the accused under Sections 302 and 324 read with Section 34 IPC, while acquitting four. The High Court…

The State of Orissa prosecuted thirteen accused under IPC sections 302, 149, 148, 326 and Explosives Act section 9. The trial court convicted them, relying on a dying declaration of the deceased and the testimony of injured eye‑witnesses, as well as forensic evidence of bomb residues. The Orissa High Court set aside th…

The State of Andhra Pradesh prosecuted P. Khaja Hussain for murder under Section 302 of the IPC, alleging he poured kerosene on his wife and set her on fire. The trial court convicted him based on two dying declarations—one recorded by a magistrate and another by a police constable an hour later. The Andhra Pradesh Hig…

Vasant Tukaram Pawar was convicted under the Prevention of Corruption Act, 1988 for possessing assets disproportionate to his known income and sentenced to seven years' rigorous imprisonment and a fine of Rs.1,00,000. He appealed to the Bombay High Court seeking suspension of the sentence and release on bail under Sect…

The case arose from a violent altercation in the village of Walkewadi where the deceased Krishna and his son Bajirao, accompanied by family members, went to the fields armed with axes and sticks. The appellants, Dattu Shamrao Valke and Tanaji Shamrao Valke, also armed with a double‑barrel gun, axes and sticks, attacked…

On 23 July 1994 a mob of 300‑400 persons armed with guns and petrol bombs attacked the house of informant Ganesh Singh in Amarpur, Bihar, killing six members of his family. The informant identified 19 persons, including the appellants Chandra Bihari Gautam and others, and the prosecution charged them under IPC Section …

In a case of gruesome carnage in Bihar that left 35 dead, the Designated Court convicted several accused under the Terrorist and Disruptive Activities (Prevention) Act, 1987 (TADA) and the Indian Penal Code based solely on a confessional statement of Bihari Manjhi recorded by a police inspector. The statement was taken…

The case concerned a mass‑caste massacre in Bihar in which 35 members of a community were killed and many others injured. Thirteen persons were charged under the Terrorist and Disruptive Activities (Prevention) Act, 1987 (TADA) and the Indian Penal Code; four were acquitted and the remaining nine were convicted, four o…

The appellants were convicted under the Terrorist and Disruptive Activities (Prevention) Act, 1987 (TADA) and several sections of the Indian Penal Code for setting fire to a Hindu house after the demolition of the Babri Masjid, resulting in multiple deaths. The Supreme Court examined whether the act qualified as a "ter…

Betal Singh was convicted of murdering his wife Kamla by setting her ablaze, an offence under Section 302 of the Indian Penal Code. The conviction was based primarily on Kamla's dying declaration recorded by a police officer under Section 32 of the Evidence Act, which alleged that her husband had doused her with kerose…

The State of Madhya Pradesh charged O.P. Surbhan with murder after a child eyewitness (PW‑2) claimed the accused struck the deceased from behind with a bladed weapon. Medical examination, however, revealed three separate incised wounds on the neck, mandible and elbow, which could not have been caused by a single blow a…

The Supreme Court reviewed the acquittal of Kalki and Amara by the Rajasthan High Court, which had set aside their convictions on the ground that the sole eye‑witness, the deceased’s wife, was a "highly interested" witness and that her testimony contained material discrepancies. The Court held that being related to the…

The deceased Rahul Pundlik Meshram was last seen with the accused at the house of PW‑8 and later found dead with multiple stab wounds. The trial court convicted the three surviving accused under IPC sections 302 and 34 based solely on circumstantial evidence, including the "last seen" theory, recovery of a weapon, and …

The Supreme Court examined whether a government employee convicted of corruption, with a criminal appeal pending, is entitled to his death‑cum‑retirement gratuity (DCRG) under the Kerala Service Rules. The Court held that Rule 3A cannot be read in isolation; it must be read together with Rule 3, Note 2 and Ruling 3, wh…

An FIR was lodged against Fakhrey Alam under several IPC sections, the Arms Act and Section 18 of the Unlawful Activities (Prevention) Act (UAPA). The police filed a charge sheet for the IPC and Arms offences within the 180‑day period but delayed the UAPA charge sheet beyond that period, filing it after 211 days. The a…

Sartaj Singh, the injured eye‑witness, was attacked by several persons and lodged an FIR naming the private respondents. The investigating officer filed charge‑sheets against other accused but not the private respondents. During trial Singh testified, again naming the private respondents, and filed an application under…

The appellant, Naveen Singh, filed a criminal appeal challenging the Allahabad High Court's order that granted regular bail to the accused Mahesh Singh (Respondent No.2), who was charged under IPC sections 420, 467, 468, 471 and 120‑B for allegedly forging and manipulating a court order and benefitting from it in a sep…

Harveer Singh and another were acquitted by a Judicial Magistrate of offences under Sections 323, 324, 452, 504 and 506 IPC. The State appealed, and the Appellate Court convicted them on three of those sections, imposing rigorous imprisonment and fines. The convicts filed a criminal revision before the Allahabad High C…

The appellant, Nandlal Baviskar, was convicted of murder (Sec. 302 IPC) for causing the death of his cousin's brother during a dispute over a common wall. The incident involved an exchange of abuse, a stick blow on the appellant, his retreat to his house, and a return armed with a gupti, which he used to inflict a sing…

The prosecution, in a trial for three accused under the IPC and Arms Act, sought to summon eight additional persons under Section 319 of the Code of Criminal Procedure based on a witness statement that eleven persons were involved. The trial court summoned only one of the eight and dismissed the rest; the High Court af…

The State of Gujarat appealed a Gujarat High Court order that, under Section 482 of the CrPC, quashed an FIR in part for serious offences of dacoity (IPC ss. 392, 395, 397) while upholding it for lesser offences. The Supreme Court held that the High Court erred in exercising its inherent powers to quash the FIR at a pr…

The case concerned the murder of Parasram Yadav, Deputy Sarpanch, allegedly committed by a mob of 25‑30 persons. The FIR named several individuals, and 17 persons, including the four appellants, were tried and convicted under sections 147, 148, 302 read with 149, 323, 342 and 450 of the IPC. The appellants appealed, ar…

S. Sreesanth, a registered cricketer, was alleged to have participated in spot‑fixing during an IPL match on 9 May 2013, accepting Rs 10 lakh to concede 14 runs in an over. A one‑man BCCI commission prepared a preliminary report based on video and telephone recordings, and after Sreesanth’s release from police custody,…

The respondent, a senior accounts officer in the North‑East Frontier Railway, was placed on the extended select panel for promotion to Group A (Junior Scale) by the Departmental Promotion Committee (DPC) in February 2002. When his batch‑mates were promoted on 21‑April‑2003, he was not promoted. He claimed that the DPC’…

The appellant, Rajesh Patel, was convicted under Section 376 of the Indian Penal Code for raping his class‑mate who was working as a nurse. The prosecution's case rested solely on the prosecutrix's testimony, allegedly corroborated by her mother, while key witnesses – a friend who claimed to have rescued the victim and…

The appellants were charged under Sections 498A and 406 of the IPC and the Dowry Prohibition Act after a matrimonial dispute. While the criminal case was pending, the parties reached a mutual settlement, and the complainant wife filed an affidavit supporting the settlement. The trial court rejected the application to d…

The appellant, Kamlendra Singh (Pappu Singh), was convicted under IPC sections 307 (attempt to murder) and 341 (wrongful restraint) with a common intention charge. He contended that he was a juvenile at the time of the offence (27 August 1993) and produced a high‑school mark‑sheet and admission register showing a date …

The appellant Bhajju (Karan Singh) was convicted of murder for allegedly pouring kerosene on his wife and setting her ablaze. The sole direct evidence against him was the victim's dying declaration recorded by an executive magistrate and attested by a doctor, supported by medical, forensic and material evidence. The ap…

The Supreme Court reviewed an appeal by Govindaraju against a Karnataka High Court conviction for murder under s.302 IPC read with s.34, which had overturned a trial court acquittal. The Court found that the High Court did not show the trial court's judgment to be perverse and that the prosecution's case suffered from …

The case involved Esher Singh and others who were accused of giving provocative speeches to promote a Khalistan movement and of conspiring to murder Joga Singh, the owner of several Sikh educational institutions. The Designated Court convicted Esher Singh under Section 4 of the Terrorist and Disruptive Activities (Prev…

The respondent Ritesh was charged with murder and related offences, including criminal conspiracy, for allegedly killing his beloved Shubhangi, a Scheduled Caste member. The trial court denied bail, finding him complicit in the conspiracy. The High Court, on a revision petition under Section 439 of the CrPC, granted ba…

The State of Himachal Pradesh appealed the acquittal of Jeet Singh, who had been convicted by a Sessions Court for murdering his wife Sudarshana Devi under IPC 302. The High Court had set aside the conviction, deeming the death a suicide and rejecting incriminating evidence recovered under Section 27 of the Evidence Ac…

The appellants, Marwadi Kishor Parmanand and Marwadi Mangal Dhulji, were charged with murder of Punaram and Sohanlal under IPC sections 302 and 34. The trial court acquitted them, finding the sole eye‑witness, Ranchhodbhai (PW‑1), unreliable. The Gujarat High Court reversed the acquittal, holding PW‑1’s testimony relia…

The case involved the murder of four members of the Vijay Pal family and the grievous injury of Smt. Pinky (PW‑1) in Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh. The accused – Ajai alias Ajju, Braj Pal, Ravi and Mukesh – were convicted under IPC sections 302, 149 and 307 and under the Arms Act, with the trial court imposing death sentenc…

The deceased Shashi Devi, a married woman, was found burnt in the hut of her husband Satye Singh; her father filed a complaint implicating the husband, his mother and sister‑in‑law. The Sessions Court convicted the husband and his mother under Sections 302, 34 and 201 of the IPC based solely on circumstantial evidence,…

The appellants sought to quash a FIR filed by the first respondent alleging offences under Sections 405, 406, 415 and 420 IPC read with Section 34, claiming the complaint was a civil dispute disguised as a criminal case. The High Court had rejected the petition and stayed the proceedings pending a civil suit. On appeal…

Gaurav Kumar (Monu) was convicted for murder under IPC 302 for an incident that occurred on 23-24 May 2000. He claimed he was a juvenile at the time, relying on a school certificate showing a date of birth of 17 August 1982, while the municipal birth certificate recorded 17 August 1981. The Sessions Judge, after an inq…

The State of Karnataka appealed the acquittal of the father, mother and brother of Dattaraj in a dowry death case where the victim, Savita, died of burn injuries within seven years of marriage. The trial court had convicted all four accused under Sections 498A, 304B read with Section 34 of the IPC and Sections 3, 4 and…

The appellant, Vivek Kalra, was convicted of murdering his 13‑14‑year‑old cousin, Ankit Kalra, based solely on circumstantial evidence. The prosecution alleged that Kalra lured the boy under the pretext of obtaining a cassette, used a dantli (sharp weapon) purchased from a blacksmith, and caused multiple fatal injuries…

Sanaullah Khan was charged with the kidnapping and murder of three persons—Ravindra Prasad, his son Sunny Kumar, and a servant Arvind—following a dispute over milk supply payments. The prosecution relied on three linked circumstances: the appellant’s servant luring the victims to his premises, the discovery of the bodi…

Surendra Koli, a servant of Maninder Singh Pandher, was convicted of multiple murders of children in Nithari, Noida, where he allegedly lured, strangulated, dismembered and ate the victims. He gave a voluntary confession before a magistrate under Section 164 of the CrPC, which was corroborated by the recovery of skulls…

The appellants Sheo Shankar Singh and Umesh Singh were convicted for the murder of MLA Gurudas Chatterjee, who was shot from a motorcycle while riding pillion. The prosecution relied on the eye‑witness testimony of two riders, corroborated by seizure of the motorcycles, blood‑stained clothing, empty cartridges and medi…

The proprietor of Akash Traders filed a criminal complaint against the Managing Director of Britannia Industries Ltd, alleging criminal breach of trust under Section 406 IPC for demand drafts issued for undelivered goods. The company itself was not impleaded, and the appellant was initially discharged by the magistrate…

The case involved the murder of Jaspal Kaur, who died from severe burns after allegedly being set alight by her husband, father‑in‑law, mother‑in‑law and sister‑in‑law. Four dying declarations were recorded: an initial one to an ASI stating the fire was accidental, and three subsequent statements to a magistrate and an…

The appellants were acquitted by the trial court of offences under Sections 143, 147, 148, 302, 324 and 149 IPC because the court found contradictions in eye‑witness testimony and noted that key witnesses were not examined, giving them the benefit of doubt. The State appealed under Section 378 of the Criminal Procedure…

The Supreme Court examined the murder of a family of ten, including three infants, committed by A‑1 (Sonia) and her husband A‑2 (Sanjiv) to prevent the transfer of property to the step‑brother. The trial court convicted them under Sections 302, 34 and 120‑B IPC and sentenced them to death, a decision the High Court lat…

The dispute arose over the cleaning of a drainage channel when the complainant and his brothers were attacked by twelve accused who arrived armed with spears and lathis. The accused ordered them to stop, and when they refused, three of the accused inflicted spear blows on the brothers, resulting in the death of Abdul Q…

The appellant Shyam was convicted for the murder of Kailash on 27 October 1995 based on the testimony of the deceased's widow, who witnessed the assault and identified Shyam as the assailant. The trial court sentenced him to life imprisonment under Section 302 read with Section 34 of the IPC; the High Court upheld the …

Abbas Ali was convicted by the trial court and the Rajasthan High Court for murder under Section 302 IPC for stabbing a sleeping victim on a railway overbridge. On appeal, the Supreme Court examined the mens‑rea requirements of Sections 299 and 300 IPC, focusing on the distinction between knowledge of a victim’s specia…

Daryao Singh was convicted under Sections 302 and 34 of the IPC for the murder of Nagji, stemming from a long‑standing family feud. The trial court acquitted him, deeming the testimony of the deceased’s relatives uncorroborated, but the Madhya Pradesh High Court reversed that decision, finding the witnesses’ accounts c…

India Carat Pvt Ltd filed a complaint alleging cheating and criminal breach of trust by its Divisional Manager, who misappropriated Rs 13.69 lakh. The police investigated and sent a ‘B’ report stating the matter was civil and no offence was made out. The Second Additional Chief Metropolitan Magistrate, ignoring the rep…

Hazari Lal, a police constable, demanded a Rs.60 bribe for releasing the complainant's scooter rickshaw. The complainant reported the demand to the Anti‑Corruption Department, where an inspector set a trap by marking six currency notes with phenol‑phthalene powder and handing them to the complainant, who passed them to…

The State of Himachal Pradesh prosecuted Chaman Lal for allegedly pouring kerosene on his wife Saro Devi and setting her on fire, leading to her death. The trial court convicted him based largely on the wife's dying declaration recorded by a Tehsildar, but the High Court acquitted him, extending the benefit of doubt du…

Biswajit Das, a Development Officer of the Life Insurance Corporation of India, was convicted under several sections of the Indian Penal Code and the Prevention of Corruption Act for fraudulently obtaining insurance settlements by falsely claiming the insured were dead. He was sentenced to two years' rigorous imprisonm…

The appellant, Ratnesh Kumar Pandey, was convicted of murdering his wife Suman under Section 302 of the Indian Penal Code. The prosecution relied on circumstantial evidence, including a knife and a blood‑stained sweater recovered from the scene, and a post‑mortem report showing twenty incised wounds. The appellant clai…

The State of Punjab appealed against the High Court’s order reducing Bawa Singh’s sentence for assault with a gandasa (IPC s.326) to the period already served. The trial court had convicted Singh and his wife under sections 326, 323 and 34 IPC, imposing rigorous imprisonment of three years and one year respectively; th…

The State of Rajasthan prosecuted six accused for gang rape and kidnapping of a 14‑year‑old mentally deficient girl, relying on the victim's testimony, her father's eyewitness account, medical examination, and forensic evidence showing semen on the victims' clothing. The trial court convicted all six under IPC sections…

The case arose from a land‑dispute in which Gurcharan Singh attacked Bakhtawar Singh with a gandasa, after which Darshan Singh, the son of Bakhtawar, fired two shots from his licensed gun, killing Gurcharan Singh. The accused pleaded private defence, claiming a reasonable apprehension of death or grievous hurt. The tri…

Jarnail Singh was convicted by the trial court for causing the death of Ramtar under Section 304 Part II of the IPC and sentenced to eight years' rigorous imprisonment. On appeal, the Punjab & Haryana High Court, although the appeal was filed by the accused and not the State, altered the conviction to the more serious …

The Supreme Court examined the conviction of appellant Pogula Komuriah, who was originally found guilty of murder under Section 302 read with Section 149 of the IPC. The Court considered the evidence, including the nature of the weapon (iron rod) and the delay in filing the complaint, and found that the facts did not s…

The appellants were convicted for murder, attempt to murder and criminal intimidation arising from a family feud that culminated in the fatal assault of Tanaji and grievous hurt to Dattatraya. The prosecution relied on the testimony of three eye‑witnesses (PW‑11, PW‑12 and PW‑13) and a complainant (PW‑9), with PW‑12 be…

The appellant was convicted of murder under Section 302 IPC based primarily on the testimony of a child witness who was seven years old at the time of the incident. Both the trial court and the Allahabad High Court held the child’s evidence to be clear and trustworthy and affirmed the conviction. On appeal, the Supreme…

The State of Haryana prosecuted several accused for the murder of Manphool under Sections 302, 149 and 201 IPC. The trial court convicted all, but the High Court acquitted Ram Singh, citing inconsistencies between his thumb‑marked disclosure statement and his arrest date, and gave him the benefit of doubt. On appeal, t…

The uncle (complainant) entrusted his 1,200 shares of Great Eastern Shipping Co. to his nephew (appellant) for sale and to remit the proceeds. The nephew sold the shares between December 1991 and January 1992, kept the Rs.1,10,000 sale proceeds and failed to pay the complainant, leading to a criminal breach of trust co…

The State of Punjab charged six accused of murdering Hazara Singh and Resham Singh, relying primarily on the eye‑witness testimony of Resham Singh (PW‑2) and Bachan Singh (PW‑3). The High Court acquitted all accused, rejecting the witnesses as interested and pointing to inconsistencies, lack of motive for most accused,…

The appellant, Saumya Chaurasia, a Deputy Secretary in the Chhattisgarh Chief Minister’s Office, was arrested in connection with an extortion‑linked money‑laundering case investigated by the Enforcement Directorate. She sought bail under Section 439 of the Cr.P.C., but the High Court rejected her application, prompting…

The case arose from a 2000 incident in which several accused were convicted of murder and related offences. The trial court framed charges alleging that the victim, Harpal Singh, was killed by bullet injuries from accused No.2, although the evidence showed he died from injuries inflicted by sharp weapons wielded by acc…

The appellant, a 23‑year‑old resident of Chhattisgarh, was convicted of kidnapping, rape, murder and related offences after a missing‑child case led to his confession and the recovery of the victim’s body from a concealed sack. The trial court sentenced him to death for murder and to rigorous imprisonment for the other…

The father of a married woman filed a complaint alleging that her husband, brother‑in‑law and mother‑in‑law demanded dowry, beat her and eventually hanged her. The FIR named all of them and the prosecution charged the husband, the brother‑in‑law (first appellant) and the mother‑in‑law (second appellant) under IPC secti…

The victim Raghumani was allegedly attacked by five persons and, while dying, named the assailants in separate statements to his brother (PW1) and the investigating officer (PW15). The prosecution relied on these dying declarations, eye‑witness testimony recorded days later, and medical evidence indicating fourteen inj…

The appellant, a cotton ginning businessman, alleged that a mill and its officials fraudulently sold cotton lint supplied by him and appropriated the proceeds, prompting him to lodge a complaint under Sections 420, 409 and 34 of the IPC. The police failed to register the case, leading to a criminal proceeding (Crime No…

The Supreme Court heard a group of writ petitions filed as public‑interest litigations challenging the Government of India's procurement of 36 Rafale fighter jets, seeking registration of an FIR, a court‑monitored investigation and quashing of the Inter‑Governmental Agreement on alleged corruption, pricing irregulariti…

Madan Mohan filed an application under Section 193 CrPC seeking the summoning of Ashish Meena and Vimal Meena as accused in a case already pending against two other persons. The Sessions Judge issued non‑bailable warrants against the two respondents. They filed a revision under Section 197 CrPC in the High Court, but t…

The case arose from a violent clash between two factions at a funeral in Perumanal village, where eleven accused attacked the complainant party, resulting in the death of the deceased (son of PW‑2). The trial court and the Madras High Court convicted all the accused under Section 302 IPC read with Section 149 IPC, invo…

The Supreme Court examined a dispute where Power Grid Corporation of India Ltd sought to erect transmission towers on land leased to Century Textiles & Industries Ltd for limestone mining. Century argued that Power Grid lacked prior consent under the Works of Licencees Rules, 2006 and that the towers would render the m…

The appellant Shama was convicted for murder under Sections 302 and 34 of the IPC, based primarily on the dying declaration of the deceased, Naurang, recorded by Police Inspector Mam Chand after a medical certification of fitness. The appellant challenged the conviction, arguing that the declaration was improperly reco…

The appellant, Sharad Babu Digumarti, was charged under IPC Sections 292 and 294 and IT Act Section 67 for alleged possession of obscene material in electronic form. He was discharged of the IT Act charge but the trial court framed a charge under IPC Section 292, which the High Court upheld. The Supreme Court examined …

The Supreme Court examined whether a magistrate must conduct an enquiry or direct an investigation under Section 202 of the Code of Criminal Procedure before issuing summons to accused persons residing outside the magistrate's territorial jurisdiction. The case arose from a criminal defamation complaint against the man…

The petitioners, a group of advocates, filed a public‑interest writ under Article 32 seeking a court‑directed mechanism to curb racial discrimination against citizens from India's North‑Eastern states. Citing several media‑reported incidents and invoking Articles 15, 32 and 51A(e) of the Constitution, the International…

The appellant, a retail vendor, was convicted for selling spurious liquor adulterated with methyl alcohol that caused one death and serious illness to many. The trial court sentenced him to two years rigorous imprisonment on each count; the High Court enhanced the term to five years, citing the death as an aggravating …

The appellant, Attar Singh, was convicted of murder under Section 302 IPC for killing his wife by striking her with a wooden log, and was also tried under Section 498A IPC for cruelty. The trial court relied heavily on the testimony of the couple's daughter, who later turned hostile, but the court also considered medic…

The appellant, Ram Viswas, was convicted of murdering his wife by pouring kerosene on her and setting her ablaze. The victim, Maladeep, gave a dying declaration naming her husband as the perpetrator, which was recorded by a Naib Tahsildar after medical certification of her fitness to testify. The appellant challenged t…

The Karnataka Industrial Co-operative Bank alleged that the appellants obtained loans by pledging fake gold ornaments and secured convictions in a criminal revision proceeding. The trial court had acquitted the appellants, but the High Court, exercising its revisional jurisdiction under Sections 397 and 401 of the CrPC…

The appellants were convicted for the murder of a man named Bhau Harishchandra Patil based on the testimony of PW‑2, an alleged eye‑witness, and PW‑1, an informant who later turned hostile. The Supreme Court examined whether the hostile witness’s evidence could be wholly rejected, whether the investigating officer shou…

The case involved a matrimonial dispute between Depti Bhandari and Nitin Bhandari, centering on visitation rights to their minor daughter after the mother shifted residence from Jaipur to Delhi. The father had been granted visitation rights in Jaipur, but the mother sought to modify the order to allow visitation in Del…

The accused entered a residential house at midnight armed with knives, intending to commit robbery. When confronted by the deceased, a scuffle ensued; A2 stabbed the deceased in the abdomen and a witness, while A1 also stabbed the deceased and threatened other occupants. The deceased died on the way to the hospital. Th…

Onkar Nath Mishra and others appealed against the State of Delhi challenging the framing of charges under Sections 406 and 498A of the Indian Penal Code based on a complaint lodged by the complainant, his wife. The trial court had discharged all accused, but the Sessions Court and High Court later ordered that charges …

The appellant, Vineet Kumar Chauhan, got into a quarrel with his neighbours over a cable connection and, in a fit of anger, fired his father's revolver indiscriminately from his house, striking the neighbour's wife in the jaw. The bullet lodged in her spinal cord, causing paralysis; she later died of septicemia and tox…

The case arose from a land dispute in which Hari Yadav and others assaulted Chander Dusadh on 11 August 1981, inflicting a sharp blow to the head and other injuries. Dusadh was hospitalized and died on 1 September 1981. The trial court convicted the accused under Section 302 IPC, sentencing Hari Yadav to ten years' rig…

The appellants Ram Pal and Ram Saran were charged under Sections 302 and 149 IPC for the murder of their uncle Birbal Singh, allegedly shot with a shotgun and a pistol. The trial court acquitted them, finding the three eyewitnesses unreliable and doubting forensic evidence such as the presence of an empty cartridge and…

The appellants Murari Thakur and Sudhir Thakur, along with a third accused, were convicted for the murder of a 14‑year‑old boy, Bal Krishna Mishra, on 26 August 1998. The prosecution proved that Murari held the victim's legs, Sudhir sat on his back, and the third accused cut the victim's throat, establishing a common i…

The appellants Limbaji and two others were charged with murder and robbery of Baburao, whose ornaments were recovered after the accused, while in custody, pointed to their locations. The High Court had convicted them of both murder (Sec. 302 IPC) and robbery (Sec. 394 IPC) using the presumption under Section 114(a) of …

A.E. Rani filed a complaint under IPC s.395 and the Dowry Act alleging that relatives forcibly took movable articles belonging to her and her deceased husband. The police report concluded no offence, prompting Rani to file a fresh complaint under s.173, s.156(3) and s.190 CrPC. The Metropolitan Magistrate, after re‑exa…

The Women's Resources Centre SAHELI filed writ petitions under Article 32 on behalf of two tenants, Kamlesh Kumari and Maya Devi, alleging that police officers colluded with a landlord to evict them and brutally beat Kumari and her nine‑year‑old son Naresh, leading to the child's death. The petition sought compensation…

The State of Haryana sought review of a Supreme Court judgment that confirmed the conviction of Prem Chand and others for rape under IPC Section 376 but reduced their sentences from ten to five years by invoking the proviso to Section 376(2) on the basis of the victim's conduct. The Court examined the scope of review i…

The producer of the film "Satyam Shivam Sundaram" was prosecuted under Section 292 of the Indian Penal Code for alleged obscenity after a complaint was filed. The film had been granted an "A" certificate for public exhibition by the Central Board of Film Censors under Section 5A of the Cinematograph Act, 1952. The prod…

The appellant Govind was convicted for murder under Section 302 IPC and for illegal possession of a firearm under Section 25 of the Arms Act based primarily on the recovery of a country‑made pistol and two live cartridges from an iron box in his house and a forensic report linking the cartridges to the bullets recovere…

The Supreme Court examined appeals by six accused, including Anil Kumar Yadav, against the cancellation of bail granted by the Sessions Court in a murder‑related case (Sections 302, 308 IPC read with 34 IPC). The Court held that the Sessions Court had improperly merged the framing of charges with the grant of bail in a…

Naresh Kumar was married to Rekha Rani, who within ten months complained to her father about dowry harassment by her husband and his family. Despite repeated pleas, the husband threatened divorce and forced her to return to his home, after which she set herself on fire and died. The prosecution proved that the dowry de…

The appellants were charged under Sections 354 and 394 IPC for an alleged assault and robbery arising from a land access dispute. While the criminal case was pending, the parties reached an amicable settlement, and the complainant withdrew support for the prosecution. The appellants filed a petition under Section 482 C…

The appellants were charged under Sections 399 and 402 of the Indian Penal Code for assembling and preparing to commit dacoity on 10 February 1992. The prosecution proved that a group of armed men, including the appellants, attempted to stop two motorcyclists and were later seized by police with weapons, liquor and foo…

Abdul Rehman and co‑accused filed a complaint with the Crime Against Women (CAW) Cell alleging that K.M. Anees‑ul‑Haq had demanded dowry, invoking sections 406 and 34 of the IPC and sections 3 and 4 of the Dowry Prohibition Act. In retaliation, the respondent lodged a complaint under sections 211, 500, 109, 114 and 34 …

The deceased, Alagu Ambalam, was cutting trees when his son (the accused) confronted him over a land dispute. A verbal altercation escalated into a sudden fight during which the accused snatched the deceased’s aruval (machete) and struck him on the neck and shoulder, causing death. The trial court convicted the accused…

The appellant, Ravikant S. Patil, was convicted in 2000 for offences under IPC sections 366 and 376 and sentenced to seven years’ imprisonment. While his criminal appeal was pending, the Bombay High Court stayed both the execution of the sentence and, on 26 March 2004, the conviction itself so that he could file his no…

The appellant VidyadHarAn was convicted under Sections 354 and 448 of the IPC and Section 3(1)(xi) of the Scheduled Caste and Scheduled Tribe (Prevention of Atrocities) Act for allegedly outraging the modesty of a married woman. He challenged the conviction on the grounds of false implication, the delay in filing the F…

The case involved fourteen accused who, on the night of Holi, encircled and assaulted Bindeshwari Rai with deadly weapons, resulting in his death. The trial court convicted all of them under Section 302 IPC, with some also under Section 307 IPC, while the High Court later acquitted them of the Section 302/149 charge bu…

Murali was convicted under Section 304 Part I of the Indian Penal Code for the murder of Vinayagam after dragging the victim into a room, bolting the door and stabbing him with a knife. He appealed, claiming the right of private defence and arguing that his injuries were serious, while also contending that the special …

Anant Sakharm Raut was detained under Section 3(2) of the National Security Act, 1980 based on three criminal incidents for which cases were pending. At the time the detention order was issued, Raut had applied for bail in all three cases and had been released on bail on successive days, but the order made no mention o…

The respondents, members of the Harijan community, were convicted of murder and related offences for the killing of Dhian Singh, a Rajput, amid a land dispute between the two factions. While hearing the criminal appeal, the Punjab and Haryana High Court attempted to settle the underlying civil land dispute by convening…

The appellant Sandeep was convicted by the Sessions Court and affirmed by the High Court for murder under section 302 read with section 34 of the IPC, based on eyewitness testimony that he shot the deceased after being urged by co‑accused. He was acquitted of the Arms Act charges and the co‑accused were also acquitted …

The appellant, Somjeet Mallick, alleged that his truck was hired by the respondents who paid only the first month's rent and thereafter failed to pay the agreed rent, making false promises. A complaint under Section 156(3) CrPC led to the registration of an FIR and cognizance by the Chief Judicial Magistrate, after whi…

The State prosecuted Laly @ Manikandan and another for murder under IPC s.302 r.w. s.34, alleging that the accused attacked the deceased in a car and later in a shed, causing fatal injuries. The trial court convicted them based on the testimony of PW1, the sole eye‑witness who saw the accused at both stages of the inci…

The Supreme Court examined the appeal of A.K. Devaiah, convicted under Sections 3, 4, 6 of the Dowry Prohibition Act and Sections 498‑A and 304‑B of the IPC for the death of his wife, who committed suicide by self‑immolation within a year of marriage. The prosecution proved that the husband demanded dowry, that the wif…

The State of Karnataka appealed the acquittal of Smt. Suvarnamma and her husband Manjunath for the dowry‑related death of the bride, Soumya, who died from severe burn injuries within seven years of marriage. The prosecution proved that the accused had harassed the victim for dowry and that the mother‑in‑law poured kero…

Ananda Poojary, a caretaker of his foster mother Dorathi Kutinho, was convicted under IPC sections 302 and 201 for allegedly murdering her to obtain her property, which she had bequeathed to him subject to marrying a Christian woman. The trial and High Courts relied on a post‑mortem report indicating asphyxia by smothe…

The Chhattisgarh State Electricity Board rejected R. Vijaykumar's tender after a performance report, prepared by the appellants (public servants), found his equipment unsatisfactory. Vijaykumar unsuccessfully pursued civil remedies, withdrew his suit, and then filed a criminal complaint alleging forgery and conspiracy …

The appellant, a company secretary of Rallis India Ltd., was accused in a private complaint of defamation under Sections 499 and 500 IPC for a letter allegedly sent to Ashika Capital Ltd. that contained false allegations against the complainants. The trial court took cognizance of the complaint and summoned the appella…

The victim, a 15‑year‑old girl, was allegedly lured to the house of Chhoti under the pretext of fetching lassi, where Om Prakash and Kartar Singh locked the door and raped her. The FIR was lodged after a 20‑day delay, explained by the victim’s mother’s absence. Evidence—including the victim’s testimony, medical examina…

The CBI filed a charge‑sheet in a Special Court under the Prevention of Corruption Act against six persons for conspiracy, forgery and corruption. The Special Judge, exercising powers under Section 5 of the Act and the Code of Criminal Procedure, summoned three additional persons who had been listed as witnesses. The D…

The case arose from a dispute over mango trees that escalated into a violent altercation on 1 June 1991, during which the accused brothers assaulted several persons, causing the death of the deceased Murugesan and injuries to three eye‑witnesses who were relatives of the deceased. The trial court convicted both accused…

The appellant Mahindra Mulji Kerai Patel, aged 19, killed the grandmother of a girl and injured the girl's mother after they rejected his marriage proposal. He was initially convicted by the trial court under sections 324 and 452 of the IPC. The State appealed, and the Gujarat High Court substituted the conviction with…

The case involved a violent incident in which Raghunath Pandey shot Kanhaiya Pandey, resulting in his death, and other accused fired indiscriminately causing injuries to villagers. The appellants Parshuram, Bishram and Somaru Pandey were convicted under Sections 302 read with 149 IPC, 307 IPC, 324 read with 34 IPC, and…

The case involved the death of Kamlesh Rani, a married woman who suffered extensive burns within seven years of marriage. The husband (Sohan Lal @ Sohan Singh) was charge‑sheeted only under Section 304B IPC (dowry death) while the mother‑in‑law and sister‑in‑law were charge‑sheeted under Section 302 IPC. The trial cour…

The husband, D.P. Satpathy, claimed that his marriage to B.P. Dixit was performed under duress and therefore invalid, and also denied paternity of the child born shortly after the ceremony. The wife filed an application under Section 125 of the Criminal Procedure Code for maintenance for herself and the child, which wa…

Ashim Kumar Roy, a trade‑union secretary, filed a criminal complaint alleging that Bipinbhai Vadilal Mehta and his son conspired to commit criminal breach of trust and conspiracy (IPC §§120‑B, 409) and violated Section 77 of the Companies Act by diverting company funds to acquire control of Sayaji Industries Ltd. A mag…

Kishan Chand Mangal, a factory inspector, demanded a Rs.150 bribe from factory owner Rajendra Dutt, who filed a complaint. The Anti‑Corruption Department set a trap, marking the money with phenolphthalein and having two witnesses, Ram Babu and Keshar Mal, observe the hand‑over. The accused’s hands turned pink when dipp…

The appellant, married to the deceased for 25 years, had a quarrel with his wife on the day she later ingested pesticide and died; the appellant also consumed pesticide and survived. He was convicted under Section 306 of the Indian Penal Code for abetment of suicide and under Section 4(b) of the Tamil Nadu Prohibition …

The petitioners, led by MLA Bhupesh Baghel, sought interlocutory relief to stop non‑forest activities, including mining, by licensee Anil Lunia in Chhattisgarh forests, to initiate criminal prosecution, order a CBI enquiry, recover compensation and enforce afforestation. The Supreme Court constituted a Central Empowere…

The petitioners sought a uniform policy for registration, arrest and bail in cases under Section 498‑A IPC, challenging the directions issued in Rajesh Sharma v. State of U.P. that created Family Welfare Committees, barred arrests before their report, and allowed district courts to dispose of settled cases. The Court e…

The appellant, former ISRO scientist S. Nambi Narayanan, was arrested in 1994 on alleged espionage charges that were later found to be false by the CBI, leading to his discharge. He spent nearly fifty days in police custody, during which the Supreme Court found that the investigation by Kerala police was malicious, cau…

The deceased woman repeatedly fled her matrimonial home due to alleged dowry harassment and cruelty by her husband, mother‑in‑law and sister‑in‑law, and filed complaints and a maintenance suit. She later died after ingesting poison, claiming it was a mistake, and gave a dying declaration to that effect. The trial court…

The appellants, a married couple and their son, were convicted for the murder of the son's wife, who was allegedly killed by being tied with a saree border and thrown into a well over a dowry demand. The trial court and High Court upheld convictions under IPC sections 302, 304B, 498A read with section 34, based solely …

Dr. Sunil Clifford Daniel was convicted for the murder of his wife, Dr. Loyalla Shagoufta, and for concealing her death under IPC sections 302 and 201. The prosecution relied on a series of circumstantial facts – blood‑stained clothes handed to a medical superintendent, forensic evidence of human blood on recovered ite…

The appellant, Mustafa Shahadal Shaikh, was convicted for the dowry death of his wife, who committed suicide by poisoning within seven months of marriage. The prosecution relied on the testimony of the deceased's close relatives, who detailed repeated harassment and demands for dowry by the appellant and his family, in…

The appellant, Rama Devi, was charged under IPC sections 406, 420, 465, 468 and 120‑B for allegedly conspiring with her vendor to sell a plot of land to the complainant despite knowing it had been previously transferred. The trial magistrate took cognizance of the complaint, and the appellant sought to quash the procee…

The Supreme Court examined the murder of Chand Khan and his son Shabir Khan, for which five appellants were convicted under Section 302 read with Section 34 of the IPC. The appellants challenged the conviction on grounds that no charge under Section 34 was framed, that the injuries could not be linked to them due to co…

The case arose from a dispute over a Memorandum of Understanding for the sale of land, after which the respondent lodged an FIR against the appellants for offences under sections 406 and 420 IPC. The police began investigating, but the respondent filed a petition under Section 482 of the CrPC seeking directions for the…

Satish Narayan Sawant was accused of stabbing Rauji Dulba Sawant, resulting in the latter's death. The trial court acquitted all accused, but the High Court convicted Sawant under Section 302 IPC and sentenced him to life imprisonment. On appeal, the Supreme Court examined whether the FIR was tainted by Section 162 CrP…

The appellant Vanga Sriniwas was accused of killing his wife by strangulation and hanging her body, allegedly to conceal a dowry‑related dispute. The trial court acquitted him, but the Andhra Pradesh High Court convicted him of murder under IPC s.302 and sentenced him to life imprisonment. On appeal, the Supreme Court …

Sanwariya Lal was convicted for murdering his eight‑year‑old son Rajesh under Section 302 IPC. The prosecution established that Lal, after a marital dispute and a second marriage, suspected the child's paternity and coveted a Rs 20,000 fixed deposit made in the child's name. He took the child from school, and the child…

The State of Karnataka appealed a Karnataka High Court order that reduced the custodial sentence of Raju, who had been convicted of raping a 10‑year‑old girl, from seven years to three and a half years. The trial court had sentenced Raju under Section 376 of the Indian Penal Code, which mandates a minimum term of ten y…

The appellant, serving a life sentence for murder, applied for release on probation under the Kerala Prison Rules, 1958, which require a minimum of eight years of actual custody. He had served about six and a half years in prison but argued that a six‑year‑plus period of study leave should be counted as time served. Th…

The appellants Phulia Tudu and another were convicted of murder under Section 302 read with Section 34 for allegedly assaulting the deceased Biti Murmu with a lathi, causing her death. On appeal, the Supreme Court examined the distinction between murder and culpable homicide not amounting to murder, focusing on the men…

The Supreme Court examined the appeal of Satbir Singh and others, who were convicted for the dowry death of Shanti Singh under IPC Sections 304‑B, 498‑A and 201. The prosecution proved that Shanti was harassed for additional dowry (Rs 7,000) shortly before her death, that she died within seven years of marriage under s…

The State of Rajasthan charged Bhanwar Singh and five others with murder under IPC s.302 and assault under s.323. The trial court convicted Singh, sentencing him to life imprisonment, while the High Court acquitted him, finding the prosecution case unreliable. The Supreme Court examined the credibility of three eyewitn…

Munshi Singh, an advocate's clerk, was murdered near his home by Hukam Singh and three relatives who shot him, assaulted his wife and son, and later cremated his body. The prosecution, led by a public prosecutor, chose not to examine two independent witnesses (Inder Singh and Budh Ram Nayak) after learning they would n…

After the signing of an accord between the Prime Minister and Sikh leader Sant Harchand Singh Longowal, an extremist group conspired to assassinate the Sant. Gian Singh and co‑assailants opened fire on the Sant during a public meeting on 20 August 1985, causing his death. They were overpowered, arrested, and convicted …

Vallabhapuram Ravi was convicted of murder and sentenced to life imprisonment. While serving the sentence he was transferred by the Andhra Pradesh Government to a Borstal School under section 10‑A of the Andhra Borstal Schools Act, 1925, to remain there until he turned 23. When he was not released upon attaining that a…

The accused were convicted under sections 304 Part I read with 149 IPC and sentenced to imprisonment. They filed an appeal under section 377 CrPC against their conviction and sentence, while the State filed an appeal under section 302 IPC and a revision petition under section 401 CrPC seeking enhancement of the sentenc…

The State of Karnataka appealed against a High Court order that granted bail to a celebrity actor (A2) and co‑accused in a murder‑conspiracy case involving Sections 302, 120B and 34 IPC, where the victim was allegedly kidnapped, tortured and killed after sending obscene messages to A2’s partner. The High Court had reli…

The case arose from a conviction of Sandeep Singh Hora for offences under Sections 304B, 498A, 406 IPC and Sections 3 and 4 of the Dowry Prohibition Act, including life imprisonment. While the appeal against the conviction was pending, the Allahabad High Court granted him bail under Section 389 of the CrPC without reco…

The State of Karnataka charged Srinivasa, the husband, with murder of his wife Rajashree, alleging he strangulated her and staged a hanging, motivated by an alleged illicit relationship with a second accused. The trial court convicted Srinivasa under Section 302 of the IPC, but the Karnataka High Court acquitted him, r…

The State of Karnataka appealed the acquittal of A.B. Mahesha and others, who had been convicted by the trial court for murder based on circumstantial evidence that the deceased Jagdeesha was last seen with the accused, the recovery of his car, and the seizure of a gold chain, watch and ring from the accused's homes. T…

The Supreme Court considered two unrelated special leave petitions challenging convictions under Section 302 IPC, both of which had been affirmed by respective High Courts. The petitioners argued that the convictions were unsafe, but the Court found the evidence of eye witnesses reliable and saw no merit in overturning…

The appellant Krishnan was charged with murdering his elder brother after a quarrel over thorn sticks used to block a common yard drain. He claimed he acted in self‑defence after being attacked and bitten by the deceased and his son. The trial court rejected the plea and convicted him under Section 302 IPC, while the H…

The State of Punjab appealed the Punjab and Haryana High Court’s acquittal of Karnail Singh, alleging that the trial court’s conviction was supported by credible eyewitness testimony and forensic evidence. The High Court had set aside the conviction on the basis of an alleged delay in lodging the FIR and doubts about t…

The victim, Pragnesh Kumar, died from severe burns after allegedly being attacked by a group of accused. Four dying declarations were recorded by a medical officer, a police sub‑inspector and two executive magistrates, none of which were accompanied by a medical certificate confirming the victim's mental fitness. The s…

The appellants—Munuswamy and his sons Kujlaresan and Selvam—conspired to kill the deceased, Adhimoolam, by waiting at a roadside, chasing him, overpowering him, and stabbing him with a pen‑knife on the father's order. The deceased died from injuries to vital organs. All three were convicted under Sections 341, 302 and …

The appellant, Ajit Savant Majagavi, was charged with murdering his wife, Padmavathi, and was acquitted by the Sessions Court on the ground that the prosecution failed to prove his presence at the lodge where the death occurred and that key witnesses had turned hostile. The State appealed under Section 378 of the CrPC,…

The petitioner, a government employee, was convicted under Section 509 of the Indian Penal Code and fined Rs.200, a conviction that was final and involved moral turpitude. He sought a reference to the Industrial Tribunal under Section 10 of the Industrial Disputes Act, 1947 to contest his dismissal. The High Court init…

Kailash Potlia was convicted of murder (section 302 IPC) and robbery (section 380 IPC) on the basis of circumstantial evidence, including a hotel clerk’s sighting, a finger injury, an alleged extra‑judicial confession to PW‑13, and a recovery statement by PW‑22. On appeal, the Supreme Court examined the reliability of …

The State appealed the High Court's acquittal of three accused in the murder of trade‑unionist lawyer Ram Subba Reddy. The Supreme Court examined whether the daughter’s (PW 1) testimony was reliable despite allegations of self‑inflicted injuries, the delay in the identification parade, and the absence of her statement …

The State of Karnataka charged Narsa Reddy and three others with murder and related offences. During the trial, two police officers were added as accused for disposing of the body, but they claimed that prosecution required prior sanction under Section 197 of the CrPC. The Sessions Judge rejected their claim, leading t…

Rafiq was convicted by the trial court and affirmed by the High Court for raping a middle‑aged Bal Sewika who was sleeping in a girls' school, and was sentenced to seven years' rigorous imprisonment. He filed a Special Leave Petition before the Supreme Court, contending that the absence of physical injuries on the vict…

The appellant, a daughter of the late K.G. Yellappa Reddy, alleged that her brothers and their sons forged a family tree and a partition deed to exclude her and her sisters from a Rs 33 crore compensation awarded for family land acquired by the Bengaluru Metro Rail Corporation. Based on these forged documents, the resp…

The appellants were charged under two FIRs, the first involving offences such as unlawful assembly and assault, and the second containing grave charges of sexual assault under Section 376 IPC. The complainant in the second FIR later filed an affidavit stating she no longer wished to pursue the case, having received a m…

Asian Paints Ltd., a paint manufacturer, discovered that counterfeit paints bearing its brand were being sold by Ram Babu. The company, through a power of attorney, engaged an IPR consultancy to investigate and the investigation led to an FIR under the IPC and Copyright Act. The trial court convicted Ram Babu, but the …

The appellant A-4, a young woman engaged to B.V. Girish, was unwilling to marry him and confided her grievance to friend A-1, who enlisted cousin A-3 and A-2 to murder the fiancé. The deceased was fatally injured with a steel rod on 3 December 2003; eyewitnesses were later discredited and the case hinged on circumstant…

The petitioners, led by Himanshu Kumar, alleged that police, Special Police Officers, Salwa Judum activists and paramilitary forces carried out brutal massacres of tribals in three Chhattisgarh villages in September and October 2009 and sought a mandamus directing the CBI to investigate and compensation for the victims…

The appellant, ShaHaja @ ShaHajan Ismail Mohd. Shaikh, was convicted of murdering Mahankal Jaiswal after two eye‑witnesses (PW‑1 and PW‑8) testified that he assaulted the victim with a hammer. The trial court also relied on a discovery panchnama under Section 27 of the Evidence Act, which recorded the appellant pointin…

The appellant, Dhananjay Rai, was convicted of murder, criminal conspiracy and illegal possession of arms and appealed the conviction before the Patna High Court. The appeal was admitted, but the appellant subsequently absconded, leading the High Court to dismiss the appeal on the ground of non‑prosecution. The Supreme…

The appellant, heir of the deceased Mukhtiar Singh, appealed against the conviction of the latter, a former Station House Officer, under Sections 7 and 13(2) of the Prevention of Corruption Act, 1988 for allegedly demanding and receiving bribes of Rs.3,000 and Rs.2,000 during a police‑trap operation. The prosecution re…

Chhote Lal was convicted by the Sessions Court under IPC sections 376(2) (rape) and 302 (murder) for the rape and killing of a ten‑year‑old girl and was sentenced to life imprisonment, the judgment clarifying that the term would continue for the remainder of his life. The High Court affirmed the conviction and sentence…

The appellants were convicted of gang rape under Section 376(2g) of the IPC and of voluntarily causing hurt under Section 323, with the trial court sentencing three of them to ten years' rigorous imprisonment. The High Court reduced the rape sentence to seven years and dismissed the appeal. The appellants challenged th…

Rajiv Modi filed a private complaint under Section 200 CrPC alleging offences under Sections 406, 420 and 120‑B IPC against Sanjay Jain and others, claiming that a C&F agency agreement was concluded in Patna. The Chief Judicial Magistrate, Patna, took cognizance and issued summons. The respondents obtained a quashing o…

Raj Kumar, a bus driver, was convicted under IPC sections 279 (rash driving) and 304A (causing death by negligence) after a collision caused the deaths of two children. The trial court sentenced him to one year of rigorous imprisonment and a fine; the Sessions Court dismissed his appeal, and the High Court rejected his…

Shaikh Azim, residing next to the deceased Abdul Jabbar Qureshi, got into a heated verbal altercation with the deceased's family over alleged filth being thrown across the boundary. During the ensuing fight, Azim struck the deceased on the head with a stick, causing a fatal bleeding injury; the deceased died the next d…

Navraj Singh, a Patwari, was convicted under the Prevention of Corruption Act, 1988 (ss.7, 13(1)(d) r.w. s.13(2)) and sentenced to three years' rigorous imprisonment. He appealed the conviction and, after the appeal was admitted, applied under CrPC s.389(1) read with s.482 for suspension of the conviction. The Punjab a…

The accused were charged with offences under Sections 147, 148, 149 and 302 of the Indian Penal Code for stabbing the deceased to death. The Trial Court convicted them under Sections 148 and 302 IPC and imposed life imprisonment for murder. On appeal, the Andhra Pradesh High Court altered the conviction to Section 326 …

The appellant, Bharat Parikh, was charged in a special CBI case in 1996. After five years he sought production of certain documents, which were eventually produced in 2002, and then applied for reopening of the case and discharge. The Special Judge rejected the application, and the Bombay High Court dismissed his Secti…

The appellant State of Madhya Pradesh challenged the High Court's reduction of the rigorous imprisonment term for Santosh Kumar, who was convicted of raping a six‑year‑old girl under Section 376(2) of the IPC and also under Section 342. The trial court had sentenced him to ten years' rigorous imprisonment; the High Cou…

The respondent, a former Executive Engineer of the Kerala Public Works Department, was charged with defrauding the government by misappropriating steel rods, involving offences under Section 5(2) of the Prevention of Corruption Act, 1947 and IPC Sections 406, 409, 201, 109 and 120‑B. After his retirement, he sought dis…

The case concerned the murder of Chander Yadav, who was chased by a large group, forced into a small room, assaulted, and his body dragged away. The trial court convicted the accused under sections 326 and 325 read with 149 IPC, sentencing them to eight years, while the High Court set aside those convictions, relying o…

The case involved four appellants (Arjun, Rampal, Bhagwan Singh and Mukhoram) convicted of murder under Section 302 IPC for the killing of Jyoti Ram. The prosecution relied on five eye‑witnesses, who were relatives or associates of the deceased, to identify the appellants as the assailants. The four co‑accused were acq…

Constable Mahadev, a BSF personnel, was convicted under Section 46 of the BSF Act (equivalent to murder under Section 302 IPC) for shooting and killing a civilian smuggler during a border patrol. He appealed, claiming the shooting was in private self‑defence against a group of armed intruders who had surrounded him. Th…

The appellants were convicted for the murder of Vinod Kumar under Section 302 read with Section 34 of the IPC. They appealed, contending that the FIR was lodged nine hours after the incident without a satisfactory explanation and that the key eyewitnesses were close relatives of the deceased, rendering their testimony …

The appellant, Yusuf, was accused of murdering 13‑year‑old Sahanara Khatun and of concealing the offence under Sections 302 and 201 IPC. The prosecution relied on the claim that Yusuf attempted to rape the girl, struck her with a spade and buried her, supported by witnesses who saw Yusuf near the field with a spade, an…

The appellants, including Niranjan Singh, were convicted for robbery and for attempting to cause grievous hurt after they assaulted the shopkeeper with a knife, inflicting injuries on his chest just below the nipple and on his arm. The appellants contended that the injuries did not amount to "grievous hurt" under Secti…

The appellant, Deepak Rajak, was convicted under Sections 302 and 201 read with Section 34 of the IPC. The co‑accused in the same case were later acquitted by the Supreme Court. The appellant sought to enjoy the benefit of that acquittal, but the State argued that he was not entitled because he had not surrendered imme…

The State of Punjab appealed against the Punjab & Haryana High Court's acquittal of six accused persons in a case where nine individuals were charged under Sections 302, 323 read with Section 149 IPC for a violent altercation over photographs that resulted in two deaths. The trial court had convicted all nine, but the …

The complainant, a sub‑contractor, alleged that the appellants (directors of Bharat Udyog Ltd.) had partially paid him for work on a sewerage plant and had forged engineers' signatures to claim they performed the work. He filed an FIR alleging cheating, forgery and related offences under the IPC, seeking recovery of th…

The appellants, members of a political party, were arrested after a communal protest triggered by an incendiary social media post on 10 October 2022 and were later released on bail. Six months later, the police prepared a gang chart and lodged a fresh FIR on 30 April 2023 under the Uttar Pradesh Gangsters & Anti-Social…

The appellants, mother and aunt of Deva Pardhi, challenged a High Court order that refused to transfer the investigation of Deva's custodial death to another agency and denied bail to the sole eyewitness, Gangaram Pardhi. Deva was allegedly tortured and killed by local police officers, and Gangaram, who witnessed the t…