Indian Penal Code, 1860

Mahipal filed a criminal appeal challenging the Rajasthan High Court's order granting bail to five accused in the murder of his nephew, Akhilesh. The FIR alleged that the accused assaulted the victim with rods, causing fatal head injuries, as corroborated by a post‑mortem report and a Section 161 statement of an eyewit…

The Supreme Court examined the State’s appeal against the discharge of several accused in the murder of S.N. Gupta. The prosecution alleged a pre‑planned criminal conspiracy involving Shiv Charan Bansal, his son, and others, supported by call‑detail records, recovered weapon, ballistic reports and statements. The Court…

The petitioners, who were witnesses or relatives of witnesses in the Asaram rape cases, alleged that they faced threats, attacks and even murders, and that the State failed to provide any protection, violating their right to a fair trial under Art. 21. They sought a court‑monitored witness‑protection programme and the …

The case involved the suicide of Hina, a daughter‑in‑law, who allegedly faced mental and physical harassment and dowry demands from her mother‑in‑law, Kanchanben. The trial court convicted Kanchanben under IPC sections 3048 (dowry death) and 498A (cruelty) and under sections 3 and 4 of the Dowry Prohibition Act, senten…

The appellant filed a complaint in 1988 leading to an FIR and charges under Sections 498‑A, 304‑B, 34 and 302 of the IPC. The trial was initially assigned to Additional Sessions Judge S.N. Dhingra, who on 25 September 2000 recused himself for personal reasons and the case was transferred to another judge, resulting in …

The appellant, Akram Khan, was one of seven accused who kidnapped a four‑year‑old boy in Kolkata and demanded ransom, threatening to kill the child if the demand was not met. The prosecution proved the kidnapping, detention, and ransom demands through the testimony of the child, his father, a newspaper vendor and a tel…

The appellant, Karakkattu Muhammed Basheer, was convicted under Sections 302 and 201 of the IPC for the murder of Gouri, based solely on circumstantial evidence presented by the prosecution. The prosecution alleged an illicit relationship between the appellant and another accused, motive for the murder, and attempted t…

The appellant, an illiterate woman, filed an FIR alleging serious offences including rape (IPC s.376(2)(N)), criminal intimidation (IPC s.506) and caste-based atrocities (SC/ST Act s.3(1)(R), s.3(1)(w), s.3(2)(5)). The accused sought quashing of the charge sheet on the basis of a purported settlement, and the Gujarat H…

The appellants filed an original complaint on 11.11.2010 alleging offences under Sections 406, 420 and 34 IPC, which led to a police investigation and a negative final report accepted by the Chief Judicial Magistrate (CJM) on 06.06.2011 after rejecting the complainant's protest (narazi) petition. Dissatisfied, the comp…

The appellant, Hitesh Verma, challenged a charge‑sheet filed under Sections 452, 504, 506 IPC and Sections 3(1)(r) and 3(1)(e) of the Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes (Prevention of Atrocities) Act, alleging that the FIR was based on a property dispute and was false. The High Court dismissed his petition under Sec…

The appellants Rohtas and Surender Singh were convicted under Sections 302 and 34 of the IPC for stabbing the deceased Mohar Pal, based on the testimony of two eye‑witnesses (PW‑1 and PW‑2). They challenged the conviction in a special leave petition, alleging deficiencies in the investigation, delay in FIR registration…

The German company Iveco Magirus Brandschutztechnik GmbH (appellant) challenged a summons issued by an Additional Chief Metropolitan Magistrate in Delhi after a private complaint of defamation was filed by Nirmal Kishore Bhartiya (respondent). The complaint alleged that letters written by the appellant’s authorised age…

The appellant, a Physical Training Teacher, was charged under Section 306 IPC for alleged abetment of his student’s suicide, based on an FIR alleging harassment and insult. The High Court dismissed the appellant’s petition under Section 482 CrPC to quash the FIR, holding that the FIR disclosed a cognizable offence. On …

The appellants, M/s. Meters and Instruments Private Ltd. and others, were charged under Section 138 of the Negotiable Instruments Act for issuing a dishonoured cheque to the complainant, Kanchan Mehta. The complainant refused to accept a demand draft, while the accused offered to pay the cheque amount with interest and…

The appellants Baliya and Gopal were convicted under Sections 120B and 302 of the Indian Penal Code for the murder of Pradeep, based on alleged conspiracy to kill him after a pamphlet scandal. The prosecution relied on two alleged eye‑witnesses, one of whom was declared hostile, and on circumstantial evidence such as t…

The appellant was convicted of murdering his son under Section 302 IPC and sentenced to life imprisonment. Evidence showed that only the appellant, his wife (the mother), and the deceased were present, and the appellant's blood‑stained clothes matched the victim's blood group. The trial and high courts affirmed the con…

The appellants were arrested for transporting 500 grams of brown sugar, a commercial quantity under the NDPS Act, and were convicted under Sections 8(c), 21 and 29, receiving 15 years' rigorous imprisonment and a fine of Rs.1.5 lakh with a default imprisonment of three years for non‑payment. They appealed, seeking redu…

Shanti Devi was convicted for murder (Sec. 302 IPC) and for causing the disappearance of a body (Sec. 201 IPC) after the father of PW2 allegedly visited her house on 22‑08‑1997 and never returned. The prosecution relied on a series of circumstantial facts: the victim’s disappearance, the appellant’s misleading statemen…

Thanu Ram's wife, Hirabai, committed suicide by self‑immolation in the fourth year of their marriage while six months pregnant. She made a dying declaration before a Naib Tahsildar, which a doctor affirmed was given in a sound mental state. The prosecution proved that the husband and his mother subjected Hirabai to men…

Kanwar Natwar Singh and others appealed against the Directorate of Enforcement after a show‑cause notice was issued under Rule 4(1) of the Foreign Exchange Management (Adjudication Proceedings and Appeal) Rules, 2000. The appellants demanded that the adjudicating authority furnish copies of all documents in its possess…

The appellants Harilal and Parasram were convicted and sentenced to life imprisonment for murder under Section 302 IPC based on the testimony of two eye‑witnesses and the seizure of a lathi and clothes allegedly belonging to them. The Supreme Court examined the credibility of the witnesses, noting that the FIR was lodg…

Makkella Nagaiah was convicted under Section 302 read with Section 34 of the IPC for a murder committed on 21‑12‑2005 and sentenced to life imprisonment. He later filed a writ petition under Article 32 claiming that he was a juvenile at the time of the offence, asserting a date of birth of 02‑05‑1989, which would make …

The State of Tamil Nadu, through a Deputy Superintendent of Police, appealed against the High Court’s order discharging a public servant (R. Soundirarasu) and his wife from prosecution under the Prevention of Corruption Act, 1988 and IPC s.109 for possessing assets disproportionate to the servant’s known sources of inc…

The appellant, former Finance Minister P. Chidambaram, was charged with alleged irregularities in a foreign investment clearance and money‑laundering offences under the Prevention of Corruption Act and the Prevention of Money‑Laundering Act (PMLA). The Enforcement Directorate (ED) produced a sealed cover containing doc…

Dr. Ashwani Kumar, a former Law Minister, filed a miscellaneous application seeking a Supreme Court direction to Parliament to enact a comprehensive law against custodial torture, invoking the UN Convention against Torture and arguing that such torture violates Article 21 of the Constitution. The Court noted that the m…

The appellant, a school teacher, struck a second‑standard student with a wooden stick, causing loss of sight in the child's left eye. The trial court acquitted him, citing contradictions in eye‑witness testimony, alleged tutoring of the child witness, and a 25‑day delay in filing the FIR. The High Court reversed the ac…

The police, investigating a case involving illegal sale of call detail records, arrested Rizwan Alam Siddique and obtained a magistrate's order remanding him to police custody until 23 March 2018. His wife, Tasneem Rizwan Siddiquee, filed a writ of habeas corpus in the High Court alleging unlawful detention; the High C…

The Supreme Court heard appeals by Prabhu Chawla and Jagdish Upasane challenging a Rajasthan High Court order that dismissed their petitions under Section 482 of the Cr.P.C., on the ground that the same relief could be obtained through a revision petition under Section 397. The Court examined a conflict between two ear…

In 1999, two men withdrew Rs. 4 lakh from a bank, were ambushed, shot, and robbed of the money bag. One victim, Varun Kumar, died; another, Kamaljit Singh (PW‑2), was injured. After a seven‑year investigation, the accused were arrested and tried. The trial court, affirmed by the High Court, convicted them under IPC sec…

The appellant, a constable in the Provincial Armed Constabulary, was found absent without permission and later forcibly seized a bottle of liquor from a wine shop while under the influence of alcohol. He was charged in a criminal case under Section 392 of the Indian Penal Code, but was acquitted. Separate departmental …

The case involved the murder of Tapan Chakraborty on 31 August 2000, for which thirteen persons were charged. One accused, Ratan Sukladas (A‑12), applied for and was granted pardon, becoming an approver whose testimony formed the core of the prosecution's case. The trial court convicted only two accused (A‑5 and A‑11) …

The Bihar State Food and Civil Supplies Corporation entered into contracts with rice millers for paddy procurement and included an arbitration clause. Allegations of massive fraud and misappropriation of public funds led to criminal FIRs, charges under the Penal Code, and recovery proceedings under the Bihar & Orissa P…

Shail Kumari was convicted under Section 302 IPC for allegedly drowning her two children after taking them to a pond. The trial court and the Chhattisgarh High Court upheld the conviction primarily on the testimony of a single eyewitness, PW‑2, while other potential witnesses were not examined. On appeal, the Supreme C…

The petition challenged the order of the trial court and the High Court that summoned Kallu Nat alias Mayank Kumar Nagar as an accused under Section 193 of the CrPC in a murder‑rape case, despite his name being omitted from the charge‑sheet. The core issue was whether a Court of Session, after a case is committed to it…

The appellant was charged under the IPC for allegedly obtaining a false Scheduled Caste certificate by misrepresenting his parentage and caste. The police, shortly after his arrest, applied to a civil court under Section 53 of the CrPC for a DNA test of the appellant, his mother and brothers, and the Additional Junior …

Petitioners filed a public‑interest writ seeking a mandamus directing the Union and several State governments to curb the sale of adulterated and synthetic milk, relying on a 2011 FSSAI report that 68.4% of milk samples nationwide were non‑conforming. The respondents argued that the Food Safety and Standards Act, 2006 …

The appellants, four accused, were charged with murder (s.302), voluntarily causing grievous hurt (s.324) and simple hurt (s.323) read with s.34 IPC for assaulting several witnesses and killing the deceased Rajinder Kumar. The trial court and High Court convicted all four under s.302 read with s.34, as well as under s.…

Abu Salem, an accused in the 1993 Bombay bomb blasts, was extradited from Portugal to India in 2005 on the assurance that he would not face the death penalty or imprisonment beyond 25 years. After his return, the Designated Court framed additional charges beyond those covered by the extradition, which Abu Salem argued …

The appellant, Sadananda Mondal, was charged along with 13 others for the murder of Bharat Mondal, who died from a gunshot wound during a picnic dispute. The trial court convicted eight accused, including the appellant, under Sections 302 and 34 of the IPC, while the High Court acquitted all but the appellant. On appea…

An FIR was lodged under Sections 302 and 307 IPC against Shah Nawaj. His mother applied to the Juvenile Justice Board claiming he was a minor, relying on his school mark sheet and school leaving certificate showing a birth date of 18‑06‑1989. The Board declared him a juvenile, but the Additional Sessions Judge and the …

The appellants were convicted for forming an unlawful assembly armed with deadly weapons, assaulting a victim who later died, and injuring another person. The trial court and High Court upheld the convictions under Sections 148, 149, 324 and 304 IPC based on eyewitness testimony of the victim, his parents, and medical …

The case concerned three accused charged with an offence under Section 307 read with Section 34 of the Indian Penal Code. The trial court acquitted one accused and convicted the other two. On appeal, the Allahabad High Court acquitted Siyaram on the ground that his shot did not cause injury and reduced Jiya Lal’s sente…

The appellant, accused No.2, was convicted along with another accused for murder and related offences based solely on the testimony of his 12‑year‑old son, PW‑1, who claimed to have witnessed the crime. The trial court administered an oath to the child after a perfunctory preliminary examination consisting of only thre…

The appellants, Pritinder Singh (alias Lovely) and Manjit Kaur, were convicted for murder under Section 302 read with Section 34 of the IPC based on circumstantial evidence, an alleged extra‑judicial confession, and the "last seen" theory. The Supreme Court examined the reliability of the extra‑judicial confession, the…

The State of Uttar Pradesh appealed against a High Court order that reduced the conviction of Sonu Kushwaha from aggravated penetrative sexual assault under Section 6 of the POCSO Act to penetrative sexual assault under Section 4, thereby lowering his sentence. The facts involved Kushwaha inserting his penis into the m…

The Supreme Court considered appeals against the Gujarat High Court's judgment that acquitted several accused of murder and terrorism charges in the killing of former Home Minister Haren Pandya and the attempted murder of Jagdish Tiwari. The CBI had investigated and found both incidents were part of a larger conspiracy…

The petitioner was convicted by the trial court and affirmed by the High Court for offences under Sections 376 and 342 of the IPC. In both judgments, the victim (PW‑2) was named throughout, which the Supreme Court held to be inconsistent with Section 228‑A of the IPC that protects the identity of rape victims. The Cour…

Advocate Mahipal Singh Rana threatened a civil judge in Etah on two occasions, leading the Allahabad High Court to convict him of criminal contempt under the Contempt of Courts Act, 1971 and impose two months' imprisonment, a fine, and a ban on appearing in Etah courts until he purged the contempt. The High Court also …

The case concerned two accused, Manoj and his father, charged with murder and criminal intimidation for the death of Sadashiv under Sections 302, 506 read with Section 34 of the IPC. The trial court convicted both of murder and intimidation; the High Court affirmed the murder conviction but set aside the intimidation c…

The appeal arose from the appellant, a driver of KSRTC, who failed to vacate a government quarter after being transferred and whose eviction order was upheld by the High Court but later set aside by the Supreme Court. The Court examined the effectiveness of the Public Premises (Eviction of Unauthorised Occupants) Act, …

The appellant, a government watchman, assaulted his wife and mother with a sharp weapon and caused the death of his one‑year‑old daughter during a sudden quarrel. He pleaded insanity under Section 84 of the IPC, but the trial and High Courts rejected the plea due to lack of credible medical or behavioural evidence. The…

Chunni Lal was convicted of murdering his uncle Heera Lal by firing a gun, and the Supreme Court upheld the life sentence. The appellant argued there was no motive, that only interested witnesses were examined, and that the delay in lodging the FIR and commencing investigation tainted the case. The Court found a clear …

The complainant, a betel nut trader, was threatened at gunpoint by the accused and his associates, who demanded a monthly payment of five lakh rupees and attempted to kidnap him. The trial court issued a summons under Section 387 of the Indian Penal Code (IPC) for putting the complainant in fear of death to commit exto…

The appellant, father of the deceased Dharminder Singh, challenged the High Court's order quashing a summons issued by the trial court under Section 319 of the CrPC against respondent No.2 (Varinder Singh) for alleged abetment to suicide. The incident involved a confrontation on 10 May 2016 where the deceased was taunt…

J. Sekar Reddy, managing partner of SRS Mining, was searched by the Income Tax Department in December 2016, leading to the seizure of about Rs 107 crore in cash and gold. The CBI registered FIRs for scheduled offences under the IPC and the Prevention of Corruption Act, and the Enforcement Directorate (ED) attached the …

Ms. P filed a criminal appeal against the State of Madhya Pradesh and the accused (respondent No.2) challenging the High Court's order granting regular bail under Section 439 of the CrPC in a case involving offences of rape (IPC s.376(2)(n)) and criminal intimidation (IPC s.506). The High Court had granted bail on the …

The appellant was convicted under Section 138 of the Negotiable Instruments Act and was ordered to pay Rs.2.75 lakh as compensation under Section 357(3) of the Code of Criminal Procedure, with a default imprisonment of one month for non‑payment. He served both the principal sentence and the default imprisonment, after …

On 16 December 2012, a 23-year-old paramedical student and her male friend boarded a bus in Delhi. Six men, including the appellants, gang-raped her, inserted an iron rod into her private parts causing severe internal injuries, and threw both victims out of the moving bus. The woman died from her injuries. The appellan…

The appellants, including R. Rachaiah, were originally charged under Section 306 IPC for abetting suicide and later, at the close of trial, the prosecution sought and the trial court framed an alternative charge of murder under Section 302 IPC. The court failed to follow the mandatory procedures of Sections 216 and 217…

The case concerns a criminal appeal filed by the injured party, Sumer Singh, under Article 136 of the Constitution seeking enhancement of the sentence imposed on Surajbhan Singh and others for grievous hurt (IPC s.326) and related offences arising from a land dispute. The High Court had reduced the sentence to the seve…

The case involved seven accused persons charged with offences under Sections 147, 148 and 302 of the Indian Penal Code for the murder of Korma Rao. Two of the accused, Nagesar and Khetro (Accused Nos. 6 and 7), appealed their convictions on the ground that they were not named in the FIR and that no eyewitness identifie…

The State of Maharashtra prosecuted Ravikant Shankarappa Patil and others for alleged intimidation, forced marriage (Nikah) and rape of a student, invoking IPC sections 376, 386, 148, 452/149, 366/149, 342/149, 323/149, 506(2)/149 and Section 25(1)(a) of the Arms Act. The trial court convicted them, but the Bombay High…

The appellants were arrested in a dowry‑related case under IPC sections 498‑A, 406, 506, 323 and 34 and produced before a magistrate. Their first application for police remand was dismissed and they were placed in judicial custody, after which they were granted bail. The investigating officer later filed a second appli…

The victim, Fateh Mohammad, was shot by the accused and died five days later from septicemia. Two dying declarations were recorded—one by a police officer and another by an Executive Magistrate, both endorsed by a doctor who certified the victim's lucidity. The trial court convicted the accused under Section 307 IPC bu…

The Supreme Court examined the convictions of two accused under Sections 302 and 34 of the IPC for the murder of Balamurugan. It was discovered that the five material prosecution witnesses, who were close relatives of the deceased, had been taken to the police station a day before their testimony and instructed on how …

Shoma Kanti Sen was arrested in June 2018 in connection with the Elgar Parishad event and charged under the Indian Penal Code and the Unlawful Activities (Prevention) Act, 1967 (UAPA). The High Court dismissed her bail application, directing her to approach the trial court, after the investigation was transferred to th…

The State of Madhya Pradesh filed a criminal appeal challenging the High Court's order that quashed FIR No. 551 of 2015, which alleged offences under Sections 420, 466, 467, 468, 471 and 120B IPC relating to fraudulent sale of government land. The dispute originated from a civil suit over possession of the suit propert…

The appellant was convicted under Section 302 IPC for stabbing the deceased, Rakesh, to death, an act witnessed by the victim's sister‑in‑law who identified the accused and the weapon. The knife recovered from the accused bore the deceased's blood, matching forensic evidence. The defence argued that the prosecution fai…

Shivani Tyagi, a 31‑year‑old woman, suffered 30‑40% burns and permanent facial disfigurement after an acid attack. Five accused were convicted under Sections 307/149 and 326A/149 of the IPC and sentenced to life imprisonment. The Allahabad High Court suspended their sentences and released them on bail, conditioning the…

The respondent, a CRPF employee, was removed from service for concealing a pending criminal case while filling a verification roll. The disciplinary and appellate authorities upheld the removal, but the High Court Division Bench later directed the employer to impose a lesser punishment, deeming removal too harsh. The S…

The appellant filed a criminal appeal against the grant of bail to his brother-in-law, the first respondent, who was charged under Sections 498-A and 304-B of the IPC and Sections 3 and 4 of the Dowry Prohibition Act for the unnatural death of his sister within a year of marriage. The Sessions Judge had denied bail, bu…

A land dispute in Mamkhor village led to a scuffle on 11 July 1992 during which accused Hari Shankar Shukla retrieved a country-made pistol and fired a bullet that killed Umesh Shukla and attempted to kill Savitri Devi. The trial court acquitted all three accused, finding the eyewitness accounts contradictory and quest…

Two traffic police officers intercepted a lorry on 4 January 1994, demanded Rs 100 to return the vehicle's documents and to refrain from filing a traffic case. The driver complained, a trap was set, and the co‑accused accepted the bribe, which was later recovered. Both were convicted under Sections 7 and 13(1)(d) read …

Rekha, the wife of a man accused of selling expired drugs with tampered labels, challenged his preventive detention order under the Tamil Nadu Prevention of Dangerous Activities Act, 1982. The High Court dismissed her habeas corpus petition, but the Supreme Court allowed the appeal, holding that the detention order was…

The appellant, a patwari, was accused of demanding and accepting a bribe of Rs.400 for correcting land records, leading to his conviction under Section 161 of the IPC and Section 5(2) of the Prevention of Corruption Act, 1947. The prosecution's case relied on the recovery of the money from the appellant's pocket and th…

The case involved a dispute in which the deceased Prem Lal was assaulted by his brother Pyare Singh and two friends, Sita Ram and Onkar, who struck him on the head with a sickle (darat) and beat him. The victim later lodged an FIR himself, was hospitalized, developed gastroenteritis and died nine days later; the post‑m…

The appellant, a District Savings Officer, was charged under Section 306 of the IPC and Section 3(2)(v) of the SC/ST Act for the suicide of a senior clerk who left a suicide note blaming work pressure and harassment. The charge sheet was based solely on that note, and the investigating agency had initially filed a clos…

The deceased Shahin Parveen was set ablaze by her brother‑in‑law and his relatives, leading to her death. Her dying declaration, recorded at the District Hospital, identified the brother‑in‑law as the principal assailant and named his wife and brother as aides. The trial court and High Court convicted all three accused…

The appellant, Ravuri Krishna Murthy, alleged that the second and third respondents fabricated a judgment and decree in a civil suit (OS No. 274 of 2014) to obtain an injunction over his land. The High Court, after an enquiry by the District Collector confirming the fabrication, stayed the suit and later dismissed a pe…

The appellant, Manoj Suryavanshi, was accused of kidnapping and murdering three minor children of Shivlal after a personal enmity arising from his wife's elopement. The prosecution relied on circumstantial evidence: the children were last seen with the appellant, the bodies were recovered from locations he disclosed, a…

The appellants were convicted of murder and robbery based largely on the testimony of a nine‑year‑old child witness, recoveries under Section 27 of the Evidence Act, fingerprint and forensic reports, and the alleged motive of robbery. The Supreme Court examined whether the prosecution had discharged its burden of proof…

The State of Madhya Pradesh appealed against two orders of the Madhya Pradesh High Court that quashed FIRs relating to offences of attempt to murder (Sec. 307 IPC) and other offences (Secs. 323, 294, 308, 34 IPC) on the ground that the complainant had reached a compromise with the accused. The Supreme Court held that t…

The incident arose from a dispute over water where accused No.1 (Nasibkha) and No.2 (Asif Khan) first assaulted the complainant and his brother Sardarkha, then left on a motorcycle and returned after ten minutes armed with a knife. Accused No.2 held Sardarkha’s neck while accused No.1 stabbed him, causing a fatal liver…

The appellant, Khushwinder Singh, was convicted of murdering six members of a family by kidnapping, drugging them with sleeping tablets and drowning them in a canal, motivated by a desire to steal Rs.37 lakh and ornaments. The prosecution relied on the eye‑witness testimony of the surviving victim (PW‑5), independent w…

The case involved six accused who were convicted of murder, robbery and rape of a woman in a hut robbery in 2003, based primarily on the identification of two eye‑witnesses (PW1 and PW8) in a test identification parade (TIP) and in court. The Supreme Court examined whether the prosecution had proved guilt beyond reason…

The appellants, owners of a property in Bangalore, filed two civil suits to protect their possession and claim ownership. Respondent No.2, a rival heir, lodged an FIR under IPC sections 448 and 506 alleging threats by the appellants to withdraw the suits, leading to a criminal case. The appellants sought quashing of th…

The petitioner was convicted under Section 376AB of the IPC for raping a seven‑year‑old girl in a temple and also under various provisions of the POCSO Act. The trial court awarded death penalty, which the High Court commuted to life imprisonment. The petitioner challenged whether the commuted life sentence required fu…

Abdul Jabbar was convicted by a trial court for offences under Sections 323 and 325 read with Section 34 of the Indian Penal Code, receiving three months' imprisonment for the former and one year with a fine of Rs.500 for the latter. The High Court, noting a 13‑year delay in the proceedings, reduced the latter sentence…

The husband and his in‑laws were initially acquitted after a compromise before a Lok Adalat, but the complainant‑wife later withdrew her consent and the trial court re‑opened the case by issuing a docket order on 20 July 2021, charging them under sections 420, 498A, 506 IPC and sections 3 and 4 of the Dowry Prohibition…

The appellant Pappi @ Mehboob was convicted under Section 302 IPC for the murder of Guddu, who was attacked with swords by a group of seven accused. Five of the accused, including the appellant, were tried; the others were absconding. While the trial court and the Rajasthan High Court upheld the appellant's conviction,…

The case involved four accused—Bikash Bora, Atul Bora, Haren Rautia and Dipankar Bora—convicted under Sections 302 and 34 of the Indian Penal Code for the murder of Jugeswar Kurmi. The prosecution relied on circumstantial evidence and the testimony of Lakhiram Kurmi (PW‑5), who was later held not to be an eyewitness. T…

The State of Gujarat filed a criminal appeal challenging a Gujarat High Court order that set aside a magistrate’s cognizance and issuance of summons against Afroz Mohammed Hasanfatta in a complex economic offence involving alleged hawala transfers of foreign exchange to Dubai and Hong Kong. The prosecution’s charge‑she…

Ambi Ram, a Patwari in Uttarakhand, accepted a bribe of Rs.1,200 in 1985 and was caught in a sting operation. He was convicted under Section 5(2) of the Prevention of Corruption Act, 1947 read with Section 161 of the IPC and sentenced to four years' rigorous imprisonment and a fine of Rs.5,000, with an additional three…

The case arose from an FIR filed by Sonia Gupta under IPC §§498A, 506 and the Dowry Prohibition Act §§3,4, alleging harassment by her parents‑in‑law and other relatives. Four police investigations produced three closure reports, after which a fourth investigating officer filed a charge‑sheet despite a stay order, and t…

The appellant, V.L.S. Finance Ltd., challenged a series of orders that allowed the withdrawal of prosecution under Section 321 of the Code of Criminal Procedure (Cr.P.C.) and permitted the accused to contest that withdrawal by filing applications under Section 91 Cr.P.C. The Court examined whether the Assistant Public …

The appellants, members of the Santhal tribe, tied and beat the deceased Jhore Soren with lathis after a dispute over a stolen hen, resulting in his death. The trial court and High Court convicted all eleven accused under Section 302 read with Section 149 of the IPC for murder. On appeal, the Supreme Court examined whe…

The Supreme Court examined two appeals concerning the jurisdiction of Special Judges appointed under the Prevention of Corruption Act, 1988 (PC Act). In the first appeal, a public servant died after the Special Judge had framed charges under the PC Act and IPC against him and several private persons. The Court held tha…

The appellant, Sunder @ Sundararajan, was convicted of kidnapping a seven‑year‑old boy for ransom and subsequently murdering him. The prosecution relied on eyewitness identification, phone‑call records, a confessional statement, and forensic evidence. The key issue was whether circumstantial evidence could establish th…

The appellant Siddaramesh was convicted for the death of his wife Usha, who committed suicide by hanging within seven years of marriage. The prosecution proved that the husband and his family had repeatedly demanded dowry—gold, cash and a motorcycle—and that the wife was subjected to mental and physical cruelty when sh…

The Supreme Court examined bail applications of several accused in the 2020 Delhi riots case under the Unlawful Activities (Prevention) Act, 1967. It balanced the constitutional right to liberty under Article 21 against the statutory bail restriction in Section 43D(5) of the UAPA, considering the length of pre‑trial de…

The appellant, Jit Vinayak Arolkar, was charged under Section 420 IPC after a complaint by the fourth respondent alleging that he sold a portion of a jointly owned property without consent of all co‑owners. The dispute centered on whether the sale deeds executed by the appellant, as attorney for the vendors, involved a…

The appellant Pradeep Kumar was convicted under Sections 302 and 34 of the Indian Penal Code for the murder of Shamsher Singh, based solely on circumstantial evidence and an alleged extra‑judicial confession. The prosecution relied on the testimonies of three key witnesses (PW‑10, PW‑11, PW‑12) and forensic reports tha…

The appellant, an Inspector, was summoned along with three other police officials under Section 319 of the CrPC following allegations that they demanded money and tortured the accused and his family in a misappropriation case. The trial court allowed the summoning, the High Court upheld that order, and the appellant ch…

The petitioners, life‑imprisoned convicts in Goa, were released on parole under the Goa Prisons Rules, 2006 and subsequently applied for premature release on the ground that they had completed 14 years of actual imprisonment. The High Court held that the period spent on parole must be excluded from the calculation of t…

The appellants Murali and Rajavelu were convicted for assaulting a victim during a volleyball match, with Murali found guilty under IPC s.324 and s.341 and Rajavelu under s.307 and s.341, receiving three months and five years of rigorous imprisonment respectively. Both appealed their convictions, and later sought to im…

Six persons, including Hari Om, Sanjay and Saurabh, were tried for murder (IPC s.396), dacoity (IPC s.412), offences under the SC/ST (Prevention of Atrocities) Act and the Arms Act. The trial court convicted all of them for murder, sentencing Hari Om to death and the others to life imprisonment; the High Court affirmed…

Srei Equipment Finance Ltd. entered into a hire‑purchase agreement for a JCB machine with Amarnath Yadav, the original owner, and the vehicle was registered with a hypothecation entry in favour of the financier. After the owner defaulted, an arbitrator awarded the loan amount to the financier, but the owner later filed…

Ajay Kumar Srivastava, a clerk of State Bank of India, was charged with seven counts of misappropriating bank funds. The enquiry officer found charges 2‑7 proved and charge 1 not proved. The disciplinary authority disagreed on charge 1, held it proved, but upheld the findings on charges 2‑7 and dismissed the employee. …

The Supreme Court heard appeals by the surviving dependents of two deceased motor accident victims against Oriental Insurance Company Ltd., challenging the reduction of compensation awarded by the High Court. The Court held that claims under the Motor Vehicles Act crystallise at the time of the accident and are not alt…

The complainants, members of a Rathore family, alleged that Dineshbhai Patel and others fraudulently obtained bogus powers of attorney and transferred their jointly owned land in Surat. Three separate complaints led to the registration of an FIR on 6 June 2016, charging offences under the IPC and the Scheduled Castes a…

The respondents filed a suit under Section 92 of the Code of Civil Procedure seeking removal of the trustees of the Sri Aurobindo Ashram Trust, alleging that the trustees failed to act against an objectionable biography of Sri Aurobindo. The High Court held the suit within the ambit of Section 92 and refused to revoke …

The Supreme Court examined a detention order issued under the Andhra Pradesh Prevention of Dangerous Activities Act, 1986 against Munagala Anjaiah, who was alleged to be a bootlegger violating the Andhra Pradesh Prohibition Act, 1995. The appellant's wife challenged the order, and the High Court upheld it, reasoning th…

The wife of Narwinder Singh, who was pregnant, committed suicide within four years of marriage. The trial court convicted the husband and his parents under Section 304‑B IPC for dowry death, but the High Court, finding no dowry demand at the time of death, converted the husband's conviction to Section 306 IPC (abetment…

M. Nageshwar Rao was charged with murdering his wife Laxmi Kumari by allegedly mixing cyanide into a Limca bottle and giving it to her. The prosecution relied on a confessional statement, forensic reports indicating cyanide in the victim’s organs and in an empty Limca bottle recovered from the accused’s residence, and …

The appellant, Mangesh, was angry that his sister Sandhya was in a love affair with Prashant, the deceased, and on a night he saw them together he stabbed Prashant three times with a knife. Prashant died three days later. The trial court and the High Court convicted Mangesh under Section 302 of the Indian Penal Code (m…

The case concerns Nandabai, a young Bhil woman who was beaten, stripped and paraded in a village after an illicit relationship with a higher‑caste man. The trial court convicted four accused under IPC sections 452, 354, 323, 506(2) read with 34 and under Section 3 of the SC/ST Act; the High Court set aside the SC/ST co…

The appellant, an agriculturist, was convicted under Section 306 of the Indian Penal Code for allegedly abetting the suicide of his farm labourer, Ramulu, by accusing him of theft and demanding money. The prosecution relied on the testimonies of the deceased's father and mother, who claimed the harassment drove Ramulu …

The appellant filed an FIR alleging his sister was shot by her husband, based on a nine‑year‑old niece’s information. The deceased gave two statements to police under Section 161 CrPC, first naming the husband and later implicating the husband’s mother, brother and brother‑in‑law as instigators; she later died. The pro…

Ram Lal, a constable of the Rajasthan Armed Constabulary, was dismissed in 2004 after a departmental enquiry found him guilty of altering his date of birth on his 8th standard marksheet to appear of majority age at recruitment. He was later convicted under IPC Section 420 by a trial court, but the appellate court acqui…

The Union Finance Minister P. Chidambaram was implicated in a CBI‑filed FIR and a subsequent Enforcement Directorate money‑laundering case, though he was not named as an accused. After his arrest, he sought regular bail under CrPC s.439, which the Delhi High Court denied on grounds of alleged seriousness, flight‑risk, …

The appellants Surendra Singh and Ram Singh were convicted for the murder of shopkeeper Rajendra Kumar based on a series of circumstantial facts, including motive, being the last persons seen with the victim, recovery of stolen items and blood‑stained clothing at their homes, identification of those items, discovery of…

The respondent, owner of the Kannada daily "Jaya Kirana", was charged under Sections 500, 501 and 502 of the Indian Penal Code for publishing a news item that the appellant claimed was defamatory. The appellant filed a private complaint, which led to criminal proceedings; the respondent sought quash of the case under S…

The appellants were convicted under Sections 147 and 327/149 of the IPC and sentenced to three months and three years rigorous imprisonment respectively. In the High Court appeal they did not contest the conviction but sought a reduced sentence, which the High Court partially granted by lowering the term for the Sectio…

The case involved the murder of Gour Chandra Sarkar, for which six persons, including Surajit Sarkar, were charged. The trial court convicted Surajit under Section 302 IPC, while acquitting the other accused, and the High Court upheld this conviction. On appeal, the Supreme Court examined whether a cryptic telephonic c…

Gudu Ram was accused of assaulting his cousin Dalip Singh and another resident, Jai Pal Singh, with a wooden stick (thapi), resulting in Dalip Singh's death. The sole eyewitness, Jai Pal Singh, turned hostile during trial, yet the trial court and High Court convicted the appellant for murder under IPC s.302. On appeal,…

The complainant, Sadiq B. Hanchinmani, filed a private criminal complaint alleging that the accused had forged an e‑stamp rent agreement to illegally occupy his property and had committed offences under Sections 120B, 201, 419, 471, 468 and 420 IPC. The Judicial Magistrate First Class (JMFC) referred the matter to the …

The case involves the murder of five members of the Shukla family in Hamirpur, Uttar Pradesh, where seven accused were initially acquitted by the trial court. The State appealed, and the Allahabad High Court convicted all accused under Sections 148, 149, 302 and 307 IPC, rejecting the trial court's findings on motive, …

On 19 June 2004, Daud Khan allegedly shot Nand Singh at a restaurant in Nimbahera, Rajasthan, leading to Singh's death. The trial court convicted Khan under Section 302 IPC and Sections 3 and 25 of the Arms Act, but the High Court reduced the murder conviction to Section 304(1) IPC while upholding the Arms Act convicti…

The Supreme Court considered appeals by five police officials convicted for the abduction, illegal detention and murder of human‑rights activist Jaswant Singh Khalra. The trial court and High Court had found the appellants guilty based on the testimony of several witnesses, including an accomplice, despite the absence …

The father of a deceased woman filed a complaint alleging dowry harassment and murder, leading to FIRs against seven family members, including the mother‑in‑law. The mother‑in‑law, after being declared a proclaimed offender and absconding for over two years, obtained anticipatory bail from the High Court on the basis t…

The appellants, including Fainul Khan, were convicted under IPC sections 302/149, 323/149 and 147 for participating in an unlawful assembly that resulted in the murder of a deceased and injuries to two eyewitnesses. They challenged the conviction on three grounds: the charge under section 147 was framed against only fo…

The State of Arunachal Pradesh appealed against a Gauhati High Court order that road‑traffic offences must be dealt with solely under the Motor Vehicles Act, 1988 and that prosecution under the Indian Penal Code (IPC) was without legal sanction. The Supreme Court examined whether the special Motor Vehicles Act override…

The appellants were charged under Sections 384, 467, 468, 471, 120‑B and 506(2) of the Indian Penal Code for allegedly conspiring to forge documents and extort land from the complainant. They filed a petition under Section 482 of the Code of Criminal Procedure seeking to quash the FIR on the ground that the dispute had…

The appellants, landlords of a commercial premises, were not named in the charge sheet filed under Sections 379, 427, 341 r/w 34 IPC and Section 3(1) Tamil Nadu Property (Prevention of Damage and Loss) Act, 1992, although they were mentioned in the FIR. After the trial evidence was recorded, the complainant sought to s…

The appellant insured a truck with Reliance General Insurance, which was stolen on 23 March 2010. While assisting police in the search, the appellant delayed filing the insurance claim until 31 March 2010, citing an eight‑day gap due to police involvement. The insurer rejected the claim on the basis of a policy conditi…

The case involved the murder of Bibhishan Vithoba Khadle and injuries to six others during a politically motivated assault by a group of accused. The trial court acquitted all accused, rejecting eye‑witness testimony on the ground of contradictions, alleged interest, and procedural defects. The High Court reversed the …

The appellants were charged with gang rape, abduction and robbery under Sections 376(g), 366, 392 read with 34 of the IPC based on the testimony of a prosecutrix who alleged she was abducted, assaulted and robbed. The trial court acquitted them, but the Karnataka High Court reversed the acquittal and convicted them. On…

The deceased Basanti Devi died from severe burns allegedly inflicted by her in‑laws after a dowry demand for a cow and a gold ring. The prosecution's case rested on a dying declaration recorded by an ASI and the statements of the deceased's mother (PW‑13) and brother (PW‑14), who were interested witnesses. The trial co…

The appellant, Kulja Industries Ltd., supplied telecom equipment to BSNL under two tenders. BSNL later alleged that the appellant, in collusion with BSNL officials, received excess payments of Rs 7.98 crore through duplicate bills and blacklisted the appellant permanently. The appellant challenged the blacklisting, arg…

In 1995 Ajahar Ali forcibly grabbed the hair of 16‑year‑old Nasima Begum, kissed her and caused a cut on her lip. He was convicted under Section 354 of the Indian Penal Code and sentenced to six months’ simple imprisonment and a fine. The appellant appealed, arguing that the 18‑year delay, his juvenile status at the ti…

The appellant Munish Mubar was convicted for the murder of Ashok Jain based on a series of circumstantial evidences, including a love triangle, the appellant's car parked at Delhi airport at the time of the murder, phone call records placing him near the crime scene, hotel stays, and recovery of blood‑stained items and…

The appellant Nitya Nand was convicted along with others for the murder of his uncle Satya Narain under Sections 148 and 302/149 of the Indian Penal Code. The prosecution alleged that the accused, motivated by a property dispute, formed an unlawful assembly and that Nitya Nand, while carrying a country‑made pistol, fir…

The appellant Munna Pandey was convicted and sentenced to death for the rape and murder of a ten‑year‑old girl, based largely on circumstantial evidence and the testimony of witnesses whose statements to police were not properly confronted. The Supreme Court examined whether the High Court erred in confirming the convi…

The appellant challenged a detention order dated 24 March 2023 issued by the Hyderabad Police Commissioner under the Telangana Prevention of Dangerous Activities Act, 1986, which sought to detain her husband on the ground that his alleged offences threatened public order. The Court examined whether the offences, many o…

The appellant, Pramod Kumar Mishra, was convicted under Section 307 IPC for an assault that caused injuries to the complainant and was sentenced to five years of rigorous imprisonment by the Trial Court, a sentence upheld by the High Court. The Supreme Court was asked to consider whether the sentence was just and prope…

Jagbir Singh was convicted of murder (Sec. 302 IPC) and criminal intimidation (Sec. 506 IPC) for allegedly pouring kerosene on his wife and setting her ablaze. The victim gave three statements: two early statements (24‑01‑2008 and 25‑01‑2008) describing an accidental fire, and a later dying declaration on 27‑01‑2008 im…

The State of Uttar Pradesh filed criminal appeals against Aman Mittal and others for alleged short delivery of petrol and diesel, invoking offences under the Legal Metrology Act, 2009, the Essential Commodities Act, and the Indian Penal Code (IPC). The High Court had quashed the charge‑sheet under s.482 CrPC and issued…

Haribhau, a village sarpanch, assaulted a school teacher, Bala Saheb, in 2005, leading to his conviction under IPC sections 353, 504 and 294 read with Section 34 and an acquittal under the SC/ST Act. The trial court sentenced him to three months' rigorous imprisonment and a fine of Rs.800, which the High Court upheld. …

The case involved ten police officers who detained and beat a man, Joinus, to extract information about a hotel loot. Joinus later died, but the post‑mortem showed death was due to asphyxiation from vomit, not the injuries inflicted. The trial court convicted the officers under IPC s.330 (voluntarily causing hurt to ex…

The appellants Nizam and Shafique were convicted for the murder of Manoj under Sections 302 and 201 IPC based primarily on the "last seen theory" that Manoj was last seen alive with them. The Supreme Court examined the circumstantial evidence and held that the prosecution failed to establish a complete, unbroken chain …

The appellant, Tanua Rabidas, was convicted of murder under section 302 IPC for allegedly pouring kerosene on his wife and setting her ablaze, leading to her death. The prosecution relied on two dying declarations: one recorded orally by a doctor and a nurse at the hospital, and another made in the presence of relative…

The Supreme Court examined whether the Mines and Minerals (Development and Regulation) Act, 1957 (MMDR Act) bars prosecution under the Indian Penal Code (IPC) for theft of sand and gravels from riverbeds. The Court held that offences under Section 21 of the MMDR Act (contravention of mining lease conditions) are distin…

The case involved thirteen accused charged under IPC sections 302, 148, 149 and the Explosive Substances Act for the murder of Y. Ramachandra Reddy. The trial court convicted six of them (A‑1 to A‑6) while acquitting the rest; the High Court later reversed this, acquitting all six. On appeal, the Supreme Court examined…

The appellant, Babla @ Dinesh, was convicted by a trial court and sentenced to life imprisonment under Sections 302 and 149 of the IPC for a murder committed on 1‑12‑1991. He contended that he was a juvenile at the time of the offence, but the High Court rejected the plea on the ground that it was not raised before the…

The appellant Deepak, along with four others, was convicted of offences under Sections 395, 396 and 397 of the Indian Penal Code for a dacoity that resulted in the death of one victim and grievous injuries to another. The appellant challenged the conviction on the grounds that the essential ingredient of five participa…

The appellant, Rakhal Debnath, was charged with abetment of suicide under Section 306 IPC and cruelty under Section 498A IPC after his wife died from severe burns within 35 days of their marriage. The prosecution alleged that the husband demanded money from his father‑in‑law, pledged his wife's jewellery, and maintaine…

The appellants, three agricultural workers, trespassed onto the deceased's land, leading to a heated verbal altercation and an assault with axes and a wooden plough part, after which the victim fell and later died from grievous injuries. The trial court convicted the principal assailant under Section 302 IPC read with …

The appellant was convicted under IPC sections 450 and 376(2) and POCSO Act section 4 for raping a 15‑year‑old girl after forcing her onto a cot in the porch of her house. The prosecution's case rested primarily on the victim's detailed testimony, corroborated by her brother, parents, and neighbours, while medical evid…

The appellant, Narayan Yadav, lodged a First Information Report (FIR) in which he confessed to killing Ram Babu Sharma during a drunken quarrel. The trial court convicted him of murder under Section 302 IPC, a conviction later altered by the High Court to culpable homicide not amounting to murder under Section 304 Part…

The father was convicted under Section 6 of the POCSO Act and Section 506 of the IPC for repeatedly committing aggravated penetrative sexual assault on his ten‑year‑old daughter. The trial court, relying on the victim's testimony, corroboration from her elder sister, and forensic DNA evidence, sentenced him to life imp…

The appellant, Jai Prakash Tiwari, was convicted under IPC s.307 and Arms Act ss.25, 27 for allegedly firing a pistol at the complainant. The prosecution's case rested mainly on the testimony of the complainant and his mother, with no independent eyewitnesses and contradictory statements regarding the recovery of the a…

The State of Bihar prosecuted Surajdeo Mahto (Appellant No.1) and Prakash Mahto (Appellant No.2) for the murder of Arun under sections 302 r/w 34 and 120B IPC, with Appellant No.1 also charged under section 364 IPC. The prosecution relied on circumstantial evidence, chiefly the "last seen" theory, motive stemming from …

The appellant Vijay Shankar was convicted under Sections 302 and 449 of the Indian Penal Code for the murder of Satish Kumar, based primarily on circumstantial evidence such as alleged motive, a 'last seen' testimony, an extra‑judicial confession, and the recovery of blood‑stained clothes and a knife. The prosecution’s…

The husband and wife lived together in Delhi for a month before the wife returned to her parents in Ambikapur. Two years later her father filed an FIR under Section 498A IPC alleging cruelty. The High Court held that the cruelty continued and that the Ambikapur court had jurisdiction. On appeal, the Supreme Court exami…

The appellant Rafiq Ahmed was charged with dacoity with murder under IPC s.396 (and s.201) but was convicted of murder under s.302. He argued that the lack of a specific charge under s.302 deprived him of a fair defence and caused prejudice. The Supreme Court examined the statutory relationship between s.396 and s.302,…

The appellant, Jayanta Sil, was alleged to have murdered Kandarpa with a sharp cutting weapon while returning from a feast. The prosecution relied on the testimony of six eyewitnesses, including the deceased's wife (PW1) and two other eye‑witnesses (PW5, PW6), as well as corroborative statements from PW2, PW3 and PW11,…

The appellant, a lawyer, was charged with murdering a married Scheduled Caste mid‑wife by setting her on fire after an alleged attempted rape. Three dying declarations were recorded: two (to a magistrate and to police) stated the burns were accidental, while a third (by the husband) alleged homicide. The High Court rej…

The appellant, a property owner, was accused in a cheating case for allegedly receiving Rs.17 lakh from complainants who had paid for a floor that was never delivered. Fearing arrest, he applied for anticipatory bail under Section 438 of the CrPC; the trial court dismissed the application, but the Delhi High Court gran…

Ramachandraiah was charged under IPC sections 409, 468 and 471 for misappropriating Rs. 6,57,355.90. He died in 1991 while the trial was pending; the trial court nevertheless recorded a finding that he alone had committed the offence, though he could not be convicted. The State then invoked Clause 3 of the Criminal Law…

The State (through CBI) appealed against a High Court order that released three accused—Sanjiv Bhalla, Major Purshotam Singh and R.P. Chopra—on probation of good conduct under the Probation of Offenders Act, 1958, after they were convicted of conspiracy to cheat under IPC sections 120‑B and 420. Only the fourth accused…

The appellant Richhpal Singh Meena sought to have the High Court's alteration of a murder conviction (Sec. 302 IPC) to a lesser offence of voluntarily causing grievous hurt (Sec. 325 IPC) set aside. The deceased Sunderlal Meena died after receiving two blows from the accused, which fractured ribs and pierced lungs. Med…

The case arose from the alleged torture and rape of a woman (PW‑3) by police officials after she was taken for interrogation on 9 February 1989. PW‑3 filed a petition to the Governor, a criminal complaint before a magistrate, and later testified in trial, alleging that she was detained overnight and raped, with her hus…

The case arose from a violent clash over disputed agricultural land in Patiala, where a mob allegedly armed with firearms and sharp‑edged weapons fired on the complainant party, killing Amrik Singh and his son Vikramjit Singh. The trial court convicted eight accused under Sections 302 and 307 IPC and the Arms Act, and …

The appellant Rajaram Prasad Yadav was convicted for offences under Sections 324, 307 and 34 IPC. After the trial, the second respondent (the informant PW‑9) sought re‑examination under Section 311 of the Code of Criminal Procedure, alleging coercion. The trial court dismissed the application, but the High Court allowe…

The appellant Ganga Singh was charged with rape under Section 376 IPC for allegedly assaulting PW‑5, the prosecutrix, in a field. The trial court acquitted him, holding that the sexual intercourse was consensual, but the High Court convicted him based on the prosecutrix's testimony, corroborated by her mother‑in‑law’s …

The husband filed a divorce petition under Section 13(1)(ia) of the Hindu Marriage Act, 1955 alleging mental cruelty by his wife, who had publicly defamed him, hidden his clothes and keys, and made false criminal allegations. The trial court and appellate courts dismissed the petition, deeming the evidence unreliable a…

The appellants, Abhay Singh Chautala and Ajay Singh Chautala, were tried for offences under Sections 13(1)(e) and 13(2) of the Prevention of Corruption Act, alleging accumulation of disproportionate assets while serving as Members of Legislative Assembly. No prior sanction under Section 19 of the Act was obtained, and …

Six accused, armed with deadly weapons, entered the complainant's house and killed two of his sons while seriously injuring his grandson. The trial court convicted three of them under Sections 302/34 and 307/34 IPC and acquitted the other three, but the High Court convicted all six under Sections 302/149 and 307/149 IP…

The three appellants, Sunil Rai (alias Paua), Sher Bahadur (alias Sheru) and Ram Lal, were convicted for the murder of Dile Ram under IPC s.302 read with s.34 based on four alleged circumstances: the deceased being chased, an extra‑judicial confession by Sunil Rai, a blood‑stained jacket recovered from a rickshaw, and …

During the 1993 Mumbai communal riots, miscreants fired from the rooftop of Suleman Bakery at a police picket. The Joint Commissioner of Police, R.D. Tyagi, led a Special Operations Squad (SOS) that broke open the bakery’s door after the occupants refused to open it, resulting in 12 injuries and eight deaths. An FIR wa…

The parents of a 19‑year‑old mechanical fitter who died in a motor accident claimed compensation for loss of dependency. The Motor Accident Claims Tribunal awarded Rs 1,72,000 using a multiplier of 9 based on the average age of the parents (55‑56 years). The High Court enhanced the multiplier to 18, relying on the dece…

The appellant Krishan Kumar Malik was convicted along with seven others for abduction (s.366 IPC) and gang rape (s.376(2)(g) IPC) based solely on the testimony of the prosecutrix PW‑9. The Supreme Court examined the credibility of her evidence, noting that she failed to name the appellant in the FIR, gave inconsistent …

The appellant, Joseph Salvaraj A., was charged under IPC sections 406, 420 and 506(1) for allegedly failing to pay Rs 10 lacs to a cable operator after promising to broadcast his channel "God TV" in Ahmedabad. The complainant, a mediator, lodged an FIR claiming the appellant had breached a contract, but no written agre…

The father of the appellants filed a criminal complaint in 2007 alleging that while on Haj pilgrimage the accused forged his signature and created bogus partition and sale deeds to insert their names into revenue records. Despite multiple orders, the investigation stalled, case papers were lost, and a re‑investigation …

The appellant, Ghanshyam Soni, was accused under sections 498A, 34 and 406 IPC for alleged cruelty and dowry demands by his wife, a police officer, with incidents said to have occurred in 1999. The complainant filed a complaint on 3 July 2002, leading to an FIR on 19 December 2002 and a charge‑sheet in 2004, after whic…

The appellant Vaibhav was convicted for murdering his friend Mangesh under Sections 302 and 201 IPC and for illegal possession of a firearm under the Arms Act, based solely on circumstantial evidence. He contended that Mangesh accidentally shot himself with his father's service pistol, citing the bullet trajectory, lac…

Nagarathinam, who was in a troubled relationship, attempted a joint suicide with her twin sons by ingesting pesticide, but survived while the children died. She was convicted under Sections 302 and 309 of the Indian Penal Code and sentenced to life imprisonment; the High Court later upheld the murder conviction and acq…

Mukeshbhai Vallabhbhai Abhangi was charged under the Gujarat Control of Terrorism and Organised Crime Act, 2015 and the Indian Penal Code for alleged extortion, land grabbing and other offences as part of an organised crime syndicate. The High Court dismissed his bail application, but on appeal the Supreme Court examin…

The appellant Dinesh Kumar was convicted for murder, kidnapping and related offences based largely on circumstantial evidence, namely a "last seen" testimony and discoveries made after his police custody. The Supreme Court examined whether the "last seen" evidence, given a long interval before the estimated time of dea…

The appellant, Atulbhai Vithalbhai Bhanderi, was charged under the Gujarat Control of Terrorism and Organised Crime Act, 2015 and several IPC provisions for intimidating a victim, extorting money and facilitating land‑grabbing as part of an organised crime syndicate. He applied for bail during the pendency of trial, bu…

The Tamil Nadu Government issued two Government Orders (G.O. No. 423 dated 28‑07‑2011 and G.O. No. 451 dated 11‑08‑2011) to set up 36 Anti‑Land‑Grabbing Special Cells and to transfer land‑grabbing cases to specially constituted courts. The orders did not define “land grabbing” or lay down any criteria for selecting cas…

The victim‑complainant alleged that she was raped by three accused on 29 November 2018 and filed an application under Section 156(3) of the CrPC seeking a direction to the police to register an FIR. The Chief Judicial Magistrate dismissed the application, citing a two‑year delay and inconsistencies in the complainant's…

The case involved the kidnapping and murder of two minor children, for which three persons – Anita (A-1), Ravinder Singh alias Kaku (A-2) and Ranjit Kumar Gupta (A-3) – were charged. The trial court convicted all three, sentencing A-2 to death; the High Court later acquitted A-1 and A-3 and reduced A-2's sentence to 20…

The deceased, Tamkinat Ara, was allegedly burned to death by her husband and several in‑laws. The trial court convicted the husband, father‑in‑law, sister‑in‑law (Bibi Parwana Khatoon) and her husband (Md. Hasan) under IPC s.304B read with s.34, sentencing them to imprisonment. On appeal, the High Court upheld the conv…

The Supreme Court examined a criminal complaint filed by members of the All Kerala Chemists and Druggists Association alleging that the Association's former President, Secretary and Treasurer misappropriated its funds. After investigation, a charge‑sheet was filed under Sections 406, 408, 409, 477A and 120B IPC. The ac…

The Supreme Court examined whether the Copyright Board, under Section 31(1)(b) of the Copyright Act, 1957, could grant an interim compulsory licence while a complaint was pending. The Board had earlier held it lacked such power, but the Delhi High Court reversed that view and directed the Board to grant an interim lice…

The appellants, who are relatives of the complainant, filed a petition under Section 482 of the CrPC seeking to quash FIR No. 21 of 2019 alleging offences under IPC sections 420, 342, 294(b) and 506(1). The complainant claimed he had invested Rs. 1.5 crore in a Nissan car dealership run by the appellants, was denied pa…

The appellants, Som Dutt and others, were convicted by three successive courts for theft under Section 379 read with Section 34 of the IPC and sentenced to three months' simple imprisonment and a fine. They challenged the High Court's dismissal of their revision petition, seeking release on probation under Section 361 …