Judgments of 2022

The appellant, Col. Anil Kumar Gupta, was charged under Section 45 of the Army Act for conduct unbecoming an officer. The aggrieved officer wrote a letter on 13‑08‑2015 alleging that the appellant had sent indecent messages to his wife, which triggered disciplinary action. The question before the Supreme Court was whet…

The case concerned the succession to the private properties of the late Raja Harinder Singh of Faridkot. The Raja had executed several wills, the last of which (dated 1‑June‑1982) purportedly left all his property to a trust for his two younger daughters, excluding the eldest daughter, Rajkumari Amrit Kaur. The eldest …

The appellant, a landowner, entered into a Development Agreement with the respondent developer to construct an apartment complex, also granting a General Power of Attorney. The developer failed to complete the work within the stipulated 15‑month period, prompting the appellant to serve a legal notice terminating the ag…

The appellants, Chaitu Gowala and Ajay Ahari, were union office bearers accused along with 70 others of murdering the managing director of their company. The trial court, based on identification by three eye‑witnesses, convicted them under Sections 302, 392, 148, 323 and 149 of the IPC and sentenced them to life impris…

The appellant, Velayudhan, suffered multiple serious injuries in a vehicular accident, resulting in a 68% permanent disability (the High Court treated it as 100%). He filed a claim for compensation before the Motor Accident Claims Tribunal, which awarded Rs 50,000 for pain and suffering and calculated loss of earnings …

The appellant Shiv Kumar was convicted under Section 411 of the Indian Penal Code for allegedly receiving stolen household articles looted from a truck, based on police seizure and the testimony of co‑accused. On appeal, the Supreme Court examined whether the prosecution proved the essential element of knowledge that t…

The Supreme Court examined the constitutional validity of Haryana Act No. 9 of 1992 (the Amending Act) which amended the Punjab Village Common Lands (Regulation) Act, 1961. The issues centered on whether the amendment amounted to an acquisition of land without compensation, whether it fell within the protection of Arti…

The State of Uttarakhand, relying on its own 2006 Rules, applied the Central Government's revised pay scale only to teaching faculty (Lecturers) and not to Registrars, who are administrative officers under the Uttar Pradesh State Universities Act, 1973. Sudhir Budakoti, appointed Registrar, filed a writ petition seekin…

The landlord filed an eviction petition under s.14(1)(e) read with s.25B of the Delhi Rent Control Act, 1958. The tenant sought leave to defend under s.25B(5); the Rent Controller denied the application, finding the landlord's bona‑fide need satisfied and the tenant's contentions unsubstantiated. The tenant then approa…

The case concerned employees of Fertiliser Corporation of India Ltd. who, after a series of writ petitions for pay‑scale revision, were granted ad‑hoc monthly payments by the Supreme Court in 2000 pending final resolution. After the companies were closed and the employees exited under a voluntary separation scheme, the…

The respondent, a clerk, was suspended and later dismissed by Eastern Coalfields Ltd. on a complaint that he demanded a bribe to clear retirement formalities, leading to a criminal case under the Prevention of Corruption Act, 1988. The employer initiated departmental proceedings, which the respondent challenged in the …

The developer Experion Developers failed to deliver possession of an apartment to the consumer, Sushma Ashok Shiroor, within the 42‑month period stipulated in the Apartment Buyer’s Agreement. The consumer filed a complaint before the National Consumer Disputes Redressal Commission, which ordered the developer to refund…

The appellant, Narendra Hirawat & Co. (NHC), entered into film‑licence agreements with Sholay Media Entertainment (SME) for a total consideration of Rs 20 crore, later amended by addenda and a Deed of Settlement dated 03‑12‑2018 requiring NHC to pay Rs 8.71 crore in four tranches. Disputes arose over the issuance of in…

The appellant, convicted of murder under IPC s.302, appealed his conviction and sentence. While the appeal was pending, he died in prison after about twelve years. Section 394 of the Cr.P.C. provides that an appeal abates on the death of the appellant unless a near relative applies within thirty days for continuance. N…

On 18 January 2007, eleven accused formed an unlawful assembly and attacked a vehicle, resulting in the death of Rajasekhar Reddy and injuries to several others. The trial court convicted accused Nos. 1‑3 under Sections 148 and 302 of the IPC and acquitted accused Nos. 4‑11. The High Court reversed the conviction of No…

The appellant challenged the environmental clearance (EC) granted in 2008 for a cement grinding unit and a 2011 state notification that changed the land use of a 34.59‑acre green‑belt parcel to "industrial purpose". The High Court transferred the petition to the National Green Tribunal (NGT), which dismissed it on grou…

The respondent filed a complaint under Section 138 of the Negotiable Instruments Act alleging that the appellant borrowed Rs.7 lakhs and issued a cheque which was dishonored. The appellant was convicted by the trial court, and the conviction was upheld by the Sessions Court and the High Court. The Supreme Court conside…

The case concerned recruitment of 4,000 ITI Helper (Trainee) vacancies in Tamil Nadu Generation and Distribution Corporation Ltd (TANGEDCO). After a series of litigations, the Madras High Court’s Division Bench entered a compromise order appointing 84 candidates based on a settlement, not on merit or statutory rules. S…

The Serious Fraud Investigation Office (SFIO) appealed against the Delhi High Court's order granting statutory bail to Rahul Modi and others, who had been arrested in connection with alleged offences under the Companies Act and the Indian Penal Code. The charge‑sheet was filed within the 60‑day period prescribed by Sec…

The State of Andhra Pradesh (now Telangana) challenged an errata notification issued by the A.P. State Wakf Board that added 1,654 acres and 32 guntas of land to the list of Wakf properties, claiming the Board had not complied with the procedural requirements of the Wakf Act, 1995. The High Court had dismissed the Stat…

The appellants purchased Kisan Vikas Patras (KVPs) in joint names and, relying on an agent named Rukhsana, handed the certificates to her for transfer. Rukhsana encashed the KVPs at a different post office and received Rs. 25,54,000 in cash, which she kept. The appellants filed a consumer complaint; the NCDRC dismissed…

M/S Wizaman Impex Pvt Ltd, the corporate debtor, challenged a Section 9 application filed by Kedrion Biopharma Inc., an operational creditor, which sought to initiate corporate insolvency proceedings. The NCLT rejected the application, holding it was time‑barred under the three‑year limitation period. On appeal, the NC…

UHL Power Company Ltd. and the State of Himachal Pradesh appealed a High Court judgment that had set aside a 2005 arbitral award. The Supreme Court examined whether an arbitrator may award post‑award interest (interest on interest/compound interest) and held that, following Hyder Consulting (UK) Ltd., such interest can…

The State of Maharashtra appealed a Bombay High Court order that had exempted charitable educational institutions, run by Shri Vile Parle Kelvani Mandal, from electricity duty levied after 1 September 2016. The institutions argued that under the earlier Maharashtra Electricity Duty Act, 1958 they were exempt, and conte…

The State of Uttar Pradesh conducted a massive recruitment for Sub‑Inspector, Platoon Commander and Fire Officer posts, receiving over 6.3 lakh applications and holding the written exam in 29 batches over 12 days with different question papers. The Uttar Pradesh Police Recruitment and Promotion Board applied a "Standar…

The petitions challenged a notice dated 29 July 2021 issued by the Directorate General of Health Services, which provided for 27% reservation for OBC (non‑creamy layer) and 10% reservation for Economically Weaker Section (EWS) in the All India Quota seats of NEET‑UG and NEET‑PG. The petitioners, doctors who appeared fo…

The case involved the murder of a man at a dhaba in Jalandhar, where four accused (A1‑A4) were convicted under Section 304 Part I IPC. The father of the deceased (PW6) initially did not allege that A3 and A4 instigated the shooting, but later, in a supplementary statement under Section 161 CrPC, claimed they did. The t…

The case concerned an appeal by Rajesh Prasad, the informant, against a High Court order that set aside the conviction and death sentences of three accused who had been found guilty under IPC s.302/34, 120B and the Explosive Substances Act s.3/4 for throwing bombs that killed his father and another victim. The High Cou…

The case concerned a 9,343 sq m land owned by the Maharashtra Public Works Department, originally leased to the Maharashtra Tourism Development Corporation and sub‑leased to Orbit Motels (respondent) under a 30‑year lease dated 17‑07‑1995, which was terminated by notice on 27‑05‑2002. The State of Maharashtra, invoking…

The heirs of Rajesh, who died in a motor accident, filed a claim under Section 166 of the Motor Vehicles Act, 1988 seeking compensation. The Motor Accident Claims Tribunal fixed the deceased's monthly income at Rs 4,000 and awarded Rs 6,24,000, while the Madhya Pradesh High Court raised the income to Rs 5,000, added 40…

Lakhan Singh, convicted of murder under IPC s.302 and sentenced to life, appealed the conviction and also sought to adduce additional evidence to support an insanity defence under IPC s.84. The Delhi High Court, invoking CrPC ss.311 and 391, allowed the application and directed the trial court to record the extra evide…

The case concerned a senior citizen, Ramti Devi (respondent No.1), who had executed a release deed on 14 November 2008 transferring a portion of her land to her daughters, including the appellant Sudesh Chhikra. She later filed a petition under Section 23 of the Maintenance and Welfare of Parents and Senior Citizens Ac…

The first respondent filed a suit for declaration of ownership of a property and demolition of a structure erected by the appellant. The trial court proceeded ex parte against the appellant, deeming him to have been served, and passed a decree. The appellant appealed under Section 96 of the CPC, contending that summons…

The Jyoti Nagar Welfare Association filed a suit seeking a permanent injunction to prevent the Municipality of Thanesar from disturbing its possession of land that had been reserved for a public park under Town Planning Scheme No. 5, sanctioned under the Haryana Municipal Act, 1973. The trial court granted the injuncti…

The State Tax Officer (appellant) claimed GST and CST dues of about Rs. 47.36 crore from Rainbow Papers Limited (respondent) during a corporate insolvency resolution process. The claim was filed after the deadline prescribed in the IBBI Regulations and was waived by the Resolution Professional, leading to the approval …

The financial creditor, Karur Vysya Bank, advanced loans to three non‑corporate borrowers who defaulted. Maharaja Theme Parks and Resorts Private Limited (MTPR) had given corporate guarantees for those loans. The bank filed an application under Section 7 of the Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code (IBC) to initiate a Corpora…

The Supreme Court examined a dispute between Indian Oil Corporation Ltd. (appellant) and Sudera Realty Private Ltd. (respondent) over a lease of three floors in a Kolkata building. It held that the 1968 agreement and the 1969 supplementary deed constituted a valid 21‑year lease, with possession of the 2nd and 3rd floor…

The Supreme Court heard petitions filed by 512 convicts serving life sentences in Uttar Pradesh seeking premature release. The state had issued a Standing Policy on premature release on 1 August 2018, which was amended on 28 July 2021 to impose a condition that a life‑convict could be considered for release only after …

Abhimanyu Partap Singh, who suffered 100% permanent disability in a road accident at the age of five and a half, appealed against the compensation awarded by the Motor Accident Claims Tribunal (Rs 9,00,000) and the Punjab & Haryana High Court (Rs 23,20,000). The Supreme Court examined the appropriate method for assessi…

The suit for eviction and recovery of rent was filed in 2002 under the Rajasthan Premises (Control of Rent and Eviction) Act, 1950 (Old Act). The suit was decreed in 2016 and affirmed on appeal, but the parties remained in dispute over mesne profits during the stay of execution. The tenants argued that Section 20 of th…

The appellant, Karan Kapoor, was a tenant of a residential property owned by the respondent, Madhuri Kumar, under lease agreements from 2011 to 2014. After the lease expired, the appellant stopped paying rent and the respondent filed a suit for possession, rent, and mesne profits. The appellant claimed that subsequent …

The respondent, a railway driver, was initially removed from service for a signal violation, a penalty later reduced to pay downgrading, and the disciplinary orders were subsequently quashed by the Central Administrative Tribunal (CAT) which ordered the matter to be reheard within two months. The disciplinary authority…

The petition sought to join the parent company, a non‑signatory, to arbitration proceedings arising from a software licence and services agreement between the petitioner and a subsidiary of the parent. The Court examined the scope of the "group of companies" doctrine, particularly its reliance on the parties' subjectiv…

The Delhi Development Authority (DDA) appealed against a Delhi High Court order that declared the land acquisition proceedings concerning 28 Bigha 8 Biswa of village Sahoorpur to have lapsed under Section 24(2) of the 2013 Act, directing the purchaser, Godfrey Phillips (I) Ltd., to pay Rs 16,61,774. The purchaser argue…

The Municipal Corporation of Lucknow operated an old‑age home where two senior citizens were admitted as inmates on payment of fees and subject to a set of rules. The home’s management terminated their membership under Rule 21 after alleging disruptive behaviour, and the inmates sought an injunction to prevent their di…

The Delhi Administration sought to acquire land under the Land Acquisition Act, 1894, issuing notices under ss. 4 and 6 and awarding the acquisition in 1987. The original owner’s writ petition was dismissed, and the land was later purchased by the respondent on 25‑Nov‑2011, after the award. The administration deposited…

The appellants filed a suit for declaration of ownership of property against the respondent. The respondent sought to frame several preliminary issues, including whether the suit was barred by res judicata, under Order XIV Rule 2(2) of the CPC. The trial court dismissed the application, but the High Court, on revision,…

The appellant, a former Uttar Pradesh judicial officer who retired voluntarily and joined the Central Administrative Tribunal, was subjected to a departmental enquiry for alleged misconduct in awarding excessive compensation under the Land Acquisition Act, allegedly favouring subsequent purchasers. The enquiry found ch…

The Union of India issued a notification under Section 4 of the Land Acquisition Act, 1894 to acquire about 45 hectares of agricultural land in Nagpur for a defence research project. The Land Acquisition Officer initially awarded compensation per hectare, which was enhanced by the reference court to Rs 6 per square foo…

The appellants, Sukh Dutt Ratra and Bhagat Ram, claimed ownership of land that the Himachal Pradesh government had used to construct the Narag Fagla Road in 1972-73 without initiating any land acquisition proceedings or paying compensation. While neighbouring landowners had later been awarded compensation after court‑o…

The State of Maharashtra appointed Shaikh Mahemud as a member of the Maharashtra State Board of Waqfs by a notification on 13 September 2019. The appointment was later cancelled by a notification dated 4 March 2022, prompting Shaikh to file a writ petition. The High Court set aside the cancellation, holding that Sectio…

The petitioners (Union of India & Ors.) appealed against a Karnataka High Court order that directed the stepping up of pay of two senior officers (respondents) who had been promoted to Superintendent of Central Excise and Customs but whose juniors, upgraded under the Assured Career Progression (ACP) Scheme, were drawin…

The Goa Public Service Commission advertised for Junior Scale posts, conducted a computer‑based screening test, a written examination and an oral interview, and fixed a cut‑off of 26 out of 40 marks (60%) for the interview. Respondents who cleared the written test but failed to meet the interview cut‑off challenged the…

The Union of India filed a transfer petition under Section 25 of the Administrative Tribunals Act, 1985 to move a disciplinary case filed by Alapan Bandyopadhyay before the Central Administrative Tribunal (CAT) Kolkata bench to the Principal Bench in Delhi. The Delhi Principal Bench allowed the transfer, but the Calcut…

The appellant was summoned as an additional accused under Section 319 of the Criminal Procedure Code after the trial of the original co‑accused had concluded with a conviction and sentence on the same day. The Supreme Court examined whether the power to summon under s.319 could be exercised after a judgment of convicti…

The appellant‑Revenue issued a show‑cause notice alleging that the assessee, Merino Panel Product Ltd, had undervalued sales of excisable decorative laminates to its sister concerns (Merino Industries Ltd and Merino Services Ltd). The Revenue used Rule 11 of the Central Excise Valuation Rules, read with Section 4(1)(a)…

Petitioner Ratnambar Kaushik was arrested for allegedly transporting 90,520 kg of raw unmanufactured tobacco in seven trucks for clandestine manufacture of zarda, thereby evading GST under Sections 132(1)(a), (h), (k), (l) and 132(5) of the Central Goods and Services Tax Act, 2017. The investigation was completed and a…

Kirloskar Brothers Ltd., the principal employer, appealed against orders that reinstated six contract labourers (Ramcharan & others) and directed Kirloskar to absorb them as employees. The labour contract with the contractor (respondent No.7) had ended and the contractor dismissed the workers. The Supreme Court examine…

M/S. Peacock Industries Ltd., a manufacturer of plastic moulded furniture, claimed a refund of excise duty under Section 173L of the Central Excise Act for goods returned by its distributors. The Department, after a market survey, valued the returned goods at Rs.8‑10 per kg, treating them as scrap, which was lower than…

Adani Ports & Special Economic Zone Ltd. was disqualified from two tenders issued by the Jawaharlal Nehru Port Authority (JNPA) on the ground that its concession agreement with the Visakhapatnam Port Authority had been terminated. The termination, however, is the subject of an ongoing arbitration. The company sought re…

The father, Laxmi Prasad, the karta of a Hindu Undivided Family, bought several parcels of land using his own funds but registered them in the names of his minor sons, Vijay Kumar and Rajendra Kumar. The sons later sold one of the parcels, prompting the father’s widow and daughters to sue for declaration of title and s…

The case concerned whether Ahmednagar Mahanagar Palika, after its conversion from a Municipal Council to a Municipal Corporation in 2003, could be compelled to appoint the heirs of its employees on their retirement or superannuation on compassionate grounds, as directed by an Industrial Court award of 1981 and upheld b…

The State of Tamil Nadu, through a Deputy Superintendent of Police, appealed against the High Court’s order discharging a public servant (R. Soundirarasu) and his wife from prosecution under the Prevention of Corruption Act, 1988 and IPC s.109 for possessing assets disproportionate to the servant’s known sources of inc…

The Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI) filed a criminal complaint against Reliance Industries Ltd (RIL) alleging violation of Section 77 of the Companies Act, 1956 for alleged fraudulent allotment of shares. SEBI’s investigation report of 2005 was inconclusive, prompting SEBI to obtain two opinions from reti…

Quick Heal Technologies Ltd. sold antivirus software on CDs together with a license key and free updates to end‑customers. The Revenue argued that the transaction comprised two components – sale of the CD (goods) and provision of updates (service) – and that service tax should be levied on the entire consideration desp…

The appellant, a yoga instructor, alleged that the Vice‑Chancellor of her institute sexually harassed her in March 2019 and repeatedly complained to the police, which failed to register an FIR. She then approached a Judicial Magistrate First Class (JMFC) under Section 156(3) of the CrPC, seeking a police investigation;…

Kotak Mahindra Bank Ltd., a financial creditor, filed a petition under Section 7 of the Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code (IBC) to initiate a Corporate Insolvency Resolution Process (CIRP) against Kew Precision Parts Pvt. Ltd. after the debtor defaulted on loans. The debtor had offered a one‑time settlement on 20 December…

Ruchi Rawat, the appellant-wife, filed an application seeking transfer of a matrimonial suit (Original Suit No.23 of 2018) filed by her husband under Section 13 of the Hindu Marriage Act, from the Family Court in Etah to the Family Court in Mathura. She argued that she had no income, lived with her parents in Mathura, …

The Supreme Court examined whether the +2 lecturers appointed under Advertisement No. 1/87 were members of the Bihar Subordinate Education Service (BSES) and thus entitled to merge with the Bihar Education Service (BES). It held that the 1985 notification and the 1987 advertisement clearly created the posts in the BSES…

The petitioners challenged the compensation of Rs.4 lakhs per acre awarded for land acquired in Village Sohana under a notification dated 26‑10‑1990, arguing that later compensation amounts (Rs.5.96 lakhs and Rs.8 lakhs per acre) awarded under subsequent notifications should be used to adjust the market value. The Supr…

The Supreme Court examined a dispute between the Noida Authority and M/s. Promotional Club concerning the termination of an industrial plot allotment scheme (the 2010 "old scheme"). The club claimed that Noida arbitrarily failed to interview its representatives and thus ignored its application, seeking relief under the…

The dispute concerned a pre‑emption claim under the West Bengal Land Reforms Act, 1955 where three brothers (pre‑emptors) sought to exercise their right of pre‑emption over shares in a plot sold by their sisters to Abdul Matin Mallick (pre‑emptee). The trial court dismissed the claim, but the First Appellate Court allo…

The appellant, Reddy Veerana, owned a scheduled parcel of land in Noida that was later allotted to DLF and subsequently acquired by the State under the Land Acquisition Act, 1894. The High Court had fixed compensation at Rs 1,10,000 per square metre (the circle rate) but allowed a 50 % deduction for development charges…

J. Sekar Reddy, managing partner of SRS Mining, was searched by the Income Tax Department in December 2016, leading to the seizure of about Rs 107 crore in cash and gold. The CBI registered FIRs for scheduled offences under the IPC and the Prevention of Corruption Act, and the Enforcement Directorate (ED) attached the …

The dispute arose from a concession agreement between Delhi Airport Metro Express Private Limited (DAMEPL) and Delhi Metro Rail Corporation (DMRC) concerning a termination payment and the interest payable thereon. The arbitral tribunal awarded the termination sum and interest at SBI PLR plus 2% as per Article 29.8 of t…

Ms. P filed a criminal appeal against the State of Madhya Pradesh and the accused (respondent No.2) challenging the High Court's order granting regular bail under Section 439 of the CrPC in a case involving offences of rape (IPC s.376(2)(n)) and criminal intimidation (IPC s.506). The High Court had granted bail on the …

The parties, who were family members, referred their property dispute to a sole arbitrator appointed by mutual consent without any written arbitration agreement. The arbitrator was later alleged to have delayed the proceedings, leading respondents to file applications under section 14(1)(a) of the Arbitration and Conci…

The respondent, a CRPF employee, was removed from service for concealing a pending criminal case while filling a verification roll. The disciplinary and appellate authorities upheld the removal, but the High Court Division Bench later directed the employer to impose a lesser punishment, deeming removal too harsh. The S…

Mahagun Realtors Private Ltd. (MRPL) merged with Mahagun India Private Ltd. (MIPL) by a court‑sanctioned scheme effective 1 April 2006. The Income Tax Department issued assessment notices and later an assessment order in the name of MRPL, which had ceased to exist after the amalgamation. The revenue argued that the ass…

The petitioners, doctors aspiring to appear for NEET‑PG 2022, challenged the deadline of 31 July 2022 for completing their medical internship, arguing that COVID‑19 disruptions delayed internships and that the period spent on COVID duties should count towards the requirement. The National Board of Examination had earli…

The appellants, two SC candidates, challenged the reservation policy of Manipur University, arguing that the 2012 Amendment to the Central Educational Institutions (Reservation in Admission) Act, 2006 should not reduce SC reservation from 15% to 2% and that the amendment applied only to institutions in Sixth Schedule t…

The appellant, a Resolution Professional (RP), was appointed interim RP in a corporate insolvency case and submitted a claim of Rs 14,75,660 for fees and costs, of which Rs 5,66,667 was reimbursed by the respondent bank. The appellant sought the balance of Rs 9,08,993, but the NCLT directed payment of only the expenses…

The land in Rajasthan was allotted to Chunilal, a Scheduled Caste (SC) landless person, who was induced to sign a sale deed in favour of Bhadar Ram, an SC resident of Punjab, through fraud by Puran Singh, a non‑SC. The trial court held the sale void as it violated Section 42 of the Rajasthan Tenancy Act, 1955 and Secti…

A fire on 10 April 2003 destroyed 35,642 cases of Indian Made Foreign Liquor stored in the bonded godown of M/s McDowell & Co. Ltd. The Uttar Pradesh Excise Department levied a demand for excise duty on the destroyed liquor, which the High Court set aside on the ground that the fire was an act of God and no negligence …

The State Bank of India (SBI) paid Leave Travel Concession (LTC) to its employees for trips that included foreign legs and circuitous routes, and did not deduct tax at source (TDS). The Income Tax Department held SBI liable as an assessee in default under Section 201 of the Income Tax Act for failing to deduct TDS, a v…

The University conducted digital evaluation of answer scripts for a postgraduate diploma course, and several students filed writ petitions seeking re‑evaluation of their answer sheets. The High Court, after calling for the answer scripts, ordered a fresh re‑evaluation despite the absence of any provision for such a pro…

The Supreme Court examined the legality of the Central Government's 2014 amendment (G.S.R. 609(E)) to the Employees' Pension Scheme, 1995, which raised the maximum pensionable salary, introduced a joint option for employees earning above Rs.15,000, and required such employees to contribute an additional 1.16% of their …

The case involves the murder of five members of the Shukla family in Hamirpur, Uttar Pradesh, where seven accused were initially acquitted by the trial court. The State appealed, and the Allahabad High Court convicted all accused under Sections 148, 149, 302 and 307 IPC, rejecting the trial court's findings on motive, …

State Bank of India (SBI) had sanctioned a cash credit facility to Arvindra Electronics Pvt. Ltd., which later became an NPA. SBI offered a One‑Time Settlement (OTS) scheme requiring the borrower to pay the settled amount by 21 May 2018, but the borrower failed to do so and sought a nine‑month extension. The Punjab and…

The Delhi Development Authority (DDA) appealed a Delhi High Court order that had declared the acquisition of certain lands to have lapsed under Section 24(2) of the Right to Fair Compensation and Transparency in Land Acquisition, Rehabilitation and Resettlement Act, 2013. The original writ petitioner, Damini Wadhwa, re…

The petitioners OCL India Ltd., SAIL and Hindalco challenged the levy of entry tax under the Orissa Entry Tax Act, 1999 (and similar statutes in Uttar Pradesh) on the ground that industrial townships, which had been excluded from municipal limits by notifications under the proviso to Article 243Q, were not "local areas…

B.A. Umesh was convicted for rape and murder and sentenced to death in 2006. He filed a mercy petition in 2011, which was disposed of after a two‑year‑three‑month period by the Governor and the President, while a stay of execution was in force. The appellant also alleged that he was kept in solitary confinement from 20…

The appellant, a trading house, exported processed iron ore between April 1990 and March 1991 and sought an additional licence incentive under the Exim Policy 1988‑91. The DGFT rejected the claim, stating that the later Exim Policy 1990‑93, which listed processed iron ore as an ineligible item, governed the export. The…

The Supreme Court entertained a writ petition under Article 32 seeking implementation of the Srikrishna Commission's recommendations on the 1992-93 Mumbai riots, including compensation for victims, tracing of missing persons, and police reforms. The Court observed that while the Commission's report is not binding, the …

The appellant, Jai Prakash Tiwari, was convicted under IPC s.307 and Arms Act ss.25, 27 for allegedly firing a pistol at the complainant. The prosecution's case rested mainly on the testimony of the complainant and his mother, with no independent eyewitnesses and contradictory statements regarding the recovery of the a…

The appellant, Honnaiah T.H., was an injured victim and the informant whose statement led to the registration of an FIR on 26 December 2016 for multiple offences arising from a violent dispute in Thoppanahalli village, Karnataka. During trial, the prosecution sought to mark the appellant's recorded statement as an exhi…

The workman, originally a Junior Supervisor, was transferred from Visakhapatnam to Jharsuguda but refused to report, leading to his suspension and dismissal. He challenged the dismissal before the Labour Court, which modified the order, reinstated him, and directed him to join at Jharsuguda, while also directing the ma…

The appellant, Manjit Singh Sodhi, as trustee of Raviraj Housing Corporation, was sued for repayment of a short‑term loan of Rs 25 lakhs taken from Fairgrowth Financial Services Ltd (FFSL) which resulted in a decree of Rs 63.86 lakhs in 2003. The custodian appointed under the Special Court (Trial of Offences Relating t…

The appellant, Asset Reconstruction Company (India) Ltd., challenged the registration of a sale deed executed by S.P. Velayutham in favour of his son, arguing that the Sub‑Registrar had failed to verify that the power of attorney (PoA) presented did not authorize a sale. The High Court’s Division Bench set aside the Si…

The Kerala government enacted the Kerala Revocation of Arbitration Clauses and Reopening of Awards Act, 1998 to cancel arbitration clauses in agreements for the Kallada Irrigation Project, revoke arbitrators' authority and permit appeals against awards that had become "Rule of Court". The High Court of Kerala held the …

The Union of India appealed against the High Courts' orders quashing reassessment notices issued under section 148 of the Income Tax Act after 1 April 2021. The Finance Act, 2021 had substituted sections 147‑151, introducing section 148A as a condition precedent for issuing a notice under section 148. The Supreme Court…

The case involved the kidnapping and murder of two minor children, for which three persons – Anita (A-1), Ravinder Singh alias Kaku (A-2) and Ranjit Kumar Gupta (A-3) – were charged. The trial court convicted all three, sentencing A-2 to death; the High Court later acquitted A-1 and A-3 and reduced A-2's sentence to 20…

The appellants, Som Dutt and others, were convicted by three successive courts for theft under Section 379 read with Section 34 of the IPC and sentenced to three months' simple imprisonment and a fine. They challenged the High Court's dismissal of their revision petition, seeking release on probation under Section 361 …

The appellant, Mallada K Sri Ram, was detained under Section 3(2) of the Telangana Prevention of Dangerous Activities Act, 1986 on the ground that he, as a "white‑collar offender", had cheated job aspirants and was likely to disturb public order. The detention order was issued in May 2021, more than seven months after …

The appellant's grandfather was allotted a house by the Andhra Pradesh Housing Board in 1968 on a rental basis. After the grandfather's death, the appellant's father obtained a transfer of the allotment in 1970, albeit with a minor discrepancy in the spelling of the grandfather's name. The father later entered into a l…

The case concerned Major R. Metri, a Recruiting Medical Officer, who was convicted by a General Court Martial for helping candidates clear Army recruitment rallies in exchange for money, under the Prevention of Corruption Act and the Army Act. The Armed Forces Tribunal (AFT) set aside the court‑martial’s conviction und…

Dr. A. Selvaraj, a retired Associate Professor of C.B.M. College, Coimbatore, retired on 30 June 2011 but faced a delay in receiving his retirement/pension benefits despite repeated representations, prompting a writ petition in 2013. While the terminal benefits were eventually settled during the pendency of the petitio…

The appellant’s truck carrying 17 cow progeny was seized and the driver and others were arrested under the Madhya Pradesh Prohibition of Cow Slaughter Act, 2004 and the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals Act, 1960. The trial court acquitted all accused, finding no evidence of intent to slaughter, but the District Magistr…

The respondent, Sadhu Singh, a former conductor who was compulsorily retired in 2003, filed a suit in 2010 seeking the benefit of first, second and third Selection Grades as per a 1992 office order that granted such grades after 9, 18 and 27 years of service. The trial court partially decreed in his favour and the lowe…

Bombay Chemical Industries (appellant) contested an application filed by a former employee (respondent No.2) before the Labour Court under Section 33C(2) of the Industrial Disputes Act seeking difference of wages for the period 2006‑2012, claiming he was employed as a salesman. The appellant denied any employment relat…

The deceased and the accused had an initial altercation at a mehendi ceremony which was broken up by villagers. Later, around midnight, the accused pursued the deceased to his house and repeatedly struck him on the head and other parts with a wooden stick (phakadiyat), causing severe skull fractures and brain injuries …

The appellant Ajanta LLP sued Casio for alleged infringement of its registered design on a scientific calculator marketed as ORPAT FX‑991ES PLUS. The parties mediated and entered into a settlement agreement on 16 May 2019, which the High Court incorporated into a decree on 3 July 2019. The appellant later filed an appl…

The Surat Parsi Panchayat Board filed a petition under Article 226 seeking directions to allow the performance of Dokhmenashini, the traditional Zoroastrian funeral rites, asserting that the Union Government's COVID‑19 dead‑body disposal protocols violated their religious freedom under Article 25. The Gujarat High Cour…

The appellants Rajesh Yadav and others were convicted for murder and for violating the Arms Act, with the High Court acquitting them of the attempt to murder charge under Section 307 IPC but confirming life imprisonment under Section 25 of the Arms Act. The Supreme Court examined whether the testimonies of related eye‑…

Walchandnagar Industries Ltd. owned a township served by a private trolley line. When the Ujjani Dam project submerged part of the line, the company claimed compensation for the loss of rails and sleepers, rolling stock and the increased cost of road transport, invoking the "severance" and "injurious affection" provisi…

The Supreme Court dismissed ONGC's appeal against the Bombay High Court's order upholding the Central Government Industrial Tribunal's findings. The dispute concerned whether contract workmen engaged through contractors were employees of ONGC and thus entitled to pay parity, and whether a settlement dated 19 September …

Head Constable Om Prakash was prematurely retired after completing 30 years of service under Rule 56(j) of the Fundamental Rules read with Rule 48(1)(b) of the Central Civil Services (Pension) Rules, 1972. The Delhi High Court set aside the retirement order, holding that penalties and adverse remarks prior to his promo…

Consolidated Construction Consortium Ltd (CCCL) entered into a contract with a Proprietary Concern (PC) to supply light fittings for a Chennai Metro Rail Limited (CMRL) project and paid an advance of Rs 50 lakhs, which the PC encashed even after CMRL terminated the project. CCCL later paid back the amount to CMRL and d…

The employee (original writ petitioner) of Rajasthan Marudhara Gramin Bank was charged with misconduct and a departmental inquiry was initiated. He sought to be represented by a legal practitioner and later by a retired bank employee as his defence representative (DR). Regulation 44 of the Bank's Service Regulation, 20…

Ellora Paper Mills Ltd entered into a supply contract with the State of Madhya Pradesh and, after a dispute, the parties were referred to an arbitral tribunal called the Stationery Purchase Committee, which was composed entirely of state officers. The appellant sought termination of that tribunal under Section 14 of th…

Sandoz Private Limited, a 100% Export Oriented Unit (EOU), sought refund of Terminal Excise Duty (TED) paid by its Domestic Tariff Area (DTA) unit for goods supplied to the EOU. The Union of India and other respondents contended that the EOU was ab initio exempt from excise duty under the Foreign Trade Policy (FTP) and…

The appellants, elected as Sarpanch and member of a village panchayat in Dhule, were alleged to have failed to lodge election expense accounts and were therefore subject to disqualification proceedings under Section 14B(1) of the Maharashtra Village Panchayats Act, 1959. The Collector, acting as delegate of the State E…

The appellant's father filed a declaratory suit in 2014 claiming hereditary chiefship of Lamdan Kabui village and sought a temporary injunction. He died during the pendency of a civil miscellaneous appeal against the trial court's refusal of the injunction. The appellant applied to be recognized as his father's legal r…

The appellants were convicted for a conspiracy to commit dacoity, murder and related offences involving the theft and sale of a car, based largely on circumstantial evidence. The prosecution's case hinged on an alleged extra‑judicial confession, the "last seen together" testimony of two taxi drivers recorded six months…

The Supreme Court dealt with a long‑standing dispute involving tribal landowners whose lands were acquired by the government in the late 1980s for coal mining by Mahanadi Coalfields Ltd. (MCL). The key issues were the applicable law for compensation and rehabilitation, the cut‑off date for valuation, the relevance of t…

The case concerns a review of the death sentence awarded to Mohd. Arif alias Ashfaq for the 2000 Lal Quila firing that killed three army jawans. The petitioner challenged the conviction on four grounds: the admissibility of call data records (CDRs) without a Section 65B certificate, the validity of his disclosure state…

The Revenue sought clarification of the Supreme Court’s earlier judgment (19 Oct 2022) in Civil Appeal No. 21762/2017, which interpreted Section 2(15) of the Income‑Tax Act, 1961 with respect to charitable trusts engaged in activities of public utility. The clarification was requested on the ground that paragraphs 253 …

Perry Kansagra, a father, obtained custody of his son Aditya through a series of Indian court orders, including a Supreme Court judgment directing him to secure a "mirror order" from the Kenyan court. He subsequently failed to obtain a valid mirror order, concealed the Kenyan court's refusal to register the Indian judg…

The father of the petitioner, a Special Assistant in Central Bank of India, retired prematurely on medical grounds in 2015. The petitioner applied for a compassionate appointment under the bank's Compassionate Appointment Scheme but concealed his concurrent employment with ICICI Bank. The bank's committee rejected his …

The Delhi Transport Corporation (DTC) appealed a Delhi High Court order that directed it to appoint Sandeep Kaushik as a driver with seniority, after the High Court had held the original recruitment process defective because appointments were based solely on viva marks. DTC argued that 14 years had elapsed, the recruit…

Two sons of Tukaram filed a suit for declaration and possession of immovable property against two sons of Gangaram, with their mother as a proforma defendant. The suit was dismissed, but the first appeal reversed the decision in favor of the plaintiffs. The defendants filed a second appeal, during which the proforma de…

A public‑interest litigation was filed in the Orissa High Court challenging the construction of toilets, drains, electricity rooms and other amenities within the prohibited area of the Shree Jagannath Temple complex, alleging violation of the Ancient Monuments and Archaeological Sites and Remains Act, 1958. The High Co…

The Supreme Court examined applications arising from a Central Empowered Committee (CEC) report on illegal mining in Jamua Ramgarh wildlife sanctuary, Rajasthan, and the broader issue of eco‑sensitive zones (ESZ) around protected forests. It affirmed that the State must act as a trustee of natural resources under the P…

The appellants were convicted under Sections 148, 302 and 149 of the Indian Penal Code for the murder of Bhagat Singh, based primarily on the testimony of Amol Singh (PW6). The Supreme Court examined whether PW6's testimony could be relied upon, applying the three‑tier classification of witnesses (wholly reliable, whol…

The appellant, a promoter of M/s Siva Industries, sought withdrawal of a Corporate Insolvency Resolution Process (CIRP) that had been initiated against the corporate debtor after the Committee of Creditors (CoC) approved a settlement plan with 94.23% voting share. The Resolution Professional filed an application under …

The plaintiff, a widow, filed a suit seeking cancellation of a 1975 registered sale deed, a declaration that the deed was void, and a permanent injunction restraining the defendant from disturbing her possession of 5 acres and 15 gunthas of land. The trial court denied the declaratory relief but granted a permanent inj…

Sukhdarshan Singh, a clerk in the Punjab State Transport Department, was suspended in 1986 following an FIR and later removed from service in 2003 after a criminal conviction under Sections 324 and 506 of the IPC. The appellate authority set aside the termination but ordered that he receive no salary for the suspension…

Loop Telecom applied for Unified Access Service Licences (UASL) for 2G spectrum and paid a non‑refundable entry fee of Rs 1454.94 crore. The Supreme Court, in Centre for Public Interest Litigation v. Union of India (CPIL), quashed the 2G licences on the ground that the First‑Come‑First‑Serve policy was arbitrary and un…

The appellant, promoter of Jasmine Buildmart Pvt. Ltd., failed to complete the Krrish Provence housing project after eight years, prompting three home‑buyers (original applicants) to file a Section 7 application before the NCLT seeking initiation of a corporate insolvency resolution process (CIRP) and a refund of Rs 6.…

The petitioner challenged the appointment of respondent No.4 as Vice‑Chancellor of Sardar Patel University, alleging that the appointment violated the University Grants Commission (UGC) Regulations, 2010/2018 which require ten years of professorial experience and a search committee constituted as per those regulations.…

The dispute arose from a land acquisition notification where the original compensation award was Rs.24,033 per bigha. The respondents did not file an application under Section 18 of the Land Acquisition Act, but later a reference was made and a Lok Adalat, under Section 20 of the Legal Services Authorities Act, 1987, p…

An FIR was lodged under Sections 406, 420, 467, 468, 471 and 120‑B IPC against six persons, including Smt. Rekha Jain and Smt. Minakshi Jain, alleging misappropriation of deposits and the sale of an attached property. The FIR primarily implicated a co‑accused, Arun Kumar Maheshwari, while the only allegation against th…

The Supreme Court examined a claim by Krishna Modi for a pension under the Swatantrata Sainik Samman Pension Scheme, 1980. He alleged he was underground for eight months during the 1942 freedom movement, filing the claim on 27 December 1982, more than twenty years after the event. The High Court had allowed the pension…

The husband (appellant) filed for divorce on the ground of cruelty after his wife (respondent) left him and returned to her parental home. The Family Court granted the decree of dissolution, but the wife appealed to the High Court under Section 19 of the Family Courts Act; the appeal was filed on 09‑09‑2004. The appell…

The appellant Suryavir was convicted along with Devender for the murder of Rajinder (Raju) under Sections 302/34 IPC and Section 25 of the Arms Act. The prosecution’s case rested on the testimony of the victim’s parents (PW‑12 and PW‑15) and a box identification made in court, without any prior test identification para…

The Kerala State Beverages Manufacturing & Marketing Corporation Ltd (KSBC), a state‑owned liquor undertaking, challenged the disallowance of various levies under Section 40(a)(iib) of the Income‑Tax Act, 1961. The issues were whether the gallonage fee, licence fee and shop‑rental (kist) for FL‑9 and FL‑1 licences are …

The Maharashtra State Road Transport Corporation (MSRTC) dismissed driver Dilip Uttam Jayabhay after a departmental enquiry found him guilty of rash and negligent driving that caused a 1992 accident killing four passengers. Although the driver was later acquitted in a criminal trial under IPC sections 279 and 304(a) du…

The appellant, a serving army Naik, was convicted under Section 498-A IPC for cruelty towards his wife and sentenced to three years' simple imprisonment. After his conviction, the parties entered into a genuine settlement, resumed cohabitation, and the wife was nominated as his service record nominee. The High Court, n…

The Supreme Court examined whether the Reserve Bank of India's (RBI) communication dated 9 June 1997 to SIDBI was a binding directive under the RBI Act, 1934 and the Banking Regulation Act, 1949, and whether SIDBI was justified in withholding interest on bonds issued by CRB Capital. The Court held that RBI’s directions…

The case concerned Central Government civilian employees who were offered regular promotions but refused them for personal reasons. They had initially received financial upgradation under the Assured Career Progression (ACP) Scheme, which was later withdrawn on the ground that refusal of promotion made them ineligible.…

I-Pay Clearing Services Pvt. Ltd. entered into a service agreement with ICICI Bank which the bank allegedly terminated abruptly, leading I‑Pay to claim Rs 95 crore. The dispute was referred to arbitration under Section 8 of the Arbitration and Conciliation Act, 1996, and a sole arbitrator awarded Rs 50 crore to I‑Pay. …

The Government of NCT of Delhi appealed a Delhi High Court order that had declared land acquisition proceedings to have lapsed under Section 24(2) of the Right to Fair Compensation and Transparency in Land Acquisition, Rehabilitation and Resettlement Act, 2013, based on the fact that compensation had not been paid. The…

The dispute concerned lands in Chattarpur, Delhi acquired under the Land Acquisition Act, 1894, later governed by the 2013 Act. The High Court held that the acquisition had lapsed under Section 24(2) of the 2013 Act because possession had not been taken and compensation, though deposited in court, was not tendered. The…

The appellant, Pramod Singh Kirar, applied for the post of Police Constable in 2013‑14 and, in the verification form, truthfully disclosed that he had been tried under Section 498A of the Indian Penal Code for an alleged offence arising from a matrimonial dispute, for which he was acquitted in 2006. The selection board…

The Delhi government had taken possession of land on 3 December 2012 under the Land Acquisition Act, 1894 and sent the compensation award to the Reference Court on 28 October 2014. The Delhi High Court held that, because the compensation was not tendered before the 2013 Right to Fair Compensation Act came into force, t…

The Government of NCT of Delhi appealed a Delhi High Court order that declared land acquisition proceedings under the Land Acquisition Act, 1894 to have lapsed under Section 24(2) of the Right to Fair Compensation and Transparency in Land Acquisition, Rehabilitation and Resettlement Act, 2013 because compensation had n…

The Delhi High Court had held that land acquisition proceedings under the 1894 Act were deemed to have lapsed under Section 24(2) of the Right to Fair Compensation and Transparency in Land Acquisition, Rehabilitation and Resettlement Act, 2013, because possession of the land had not been taken. The Supreme Court examin…

The Government of NCT of Delhi appealed a Delhi High Court order that declared land acquisition proceedings under the 1894 Act to have lapsed under section 24(2) of the 2013 Act because compensation was not tendered to the original writ petitioner, who was a subsequent purchaser. The land in question had been possessed…

The Government of NCT of Delhi appealed against a Delhi High Court order that declared the land acquisition proceedings under the Land Acquisition Act, 1894 to have lapsed under Section 24(2) of the Right to Fair Compensation and Transparency in Land Acquisition, Rehabilitation and Resettlement Act, 2013. The Supreme C…

The Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI) registered an FIR in 2021 against 18 persons, including former Kerala Police and Intelligence Bureau officials, for allegedly filing false espionage cases against ISRO scientists. The FIR was filed following a Supreme Court‑directed committee report (Justice D.K. Jain) that rec…

The plaintiffs filed a suit for declaration of title and recovery of possession and applied under Order 33 Rule 1 of the CPC to sue as indigent persons. The trial court rejected the application, and the High Court affirmed, holding that the suit was barred by res judicata and was an abuse of process. On appeal, the Sup…

The State of Jharkhand challenged the tax treatment of oxygen gas sold by Linde India Ltd to Tata Steel, contending that it is not a "raw material" for steel production under Section 13(1)(b) of the Bihar Finance Act, 1981 and therefore should attract the normal 3% sales tax rather than the concessional 2% rate. The Hi…

The Delhi Development Authority (DDA) had taken possession of land under the Land Acquisition Act, 1894, but compensation had not been paid to the owners. The Delhi High Court held that the acquisition had lapsed under Section 24(2) of the Right to Fair Compensation and Transparency in Land Acquisition, Rehabilitation …

The Delhi Development Authority (DDA) had taken possession of land in 2006 under the Land Acquisition Act, 1894, but had not yet paid compensation to the owners. The Delhi High Court held that the acquisition had lapsed under Section 24(2) of the Right to Fair Compensation and Transparency in Land Acquisition, Rehabili…

The State of Maharashtra filed a criminal appeal against the quashing of FIR No.185/2019 and the charge‑sheet against Dr. Maroti, a medical practitioner, who was alleged to have failed to report sexual assaults on minor tribal girls in a hostel as required under the Protection of Children from Sexual Offences (POCSO) A…

Phool Singh, a constable in the Rajasthan Police, was convicted in 1994 under IPC s.392 and the Arms Act for robbery, assault and illegal possession of a firearm, but the conviction was later set aside by a Sessions Court on a "benefit of doubt" basis. He had earlier been dismissed from service after a departmental enq…

The appellant XYZ, a minor, alleged that she was gang‑raped by the first respondent ABHISHEIK and others. The FIR was lodged on 24 July 2015. The accused claimed he was a juvenile at the time of the offence and produced a matriculation certificate, a school birth register entry and a municipal birth certificate, all of…

The Ludhiana Improvement Trust acquired land from several owners but failed to pay the compensation awarded by the Land Acquisition Tribunal. The owners filed execution proceedings, leading to the attachment and auction of the property to M/s. Jagan Singh & Co. for Rs. 22.65 lakhs in 1992. The Trust later sought to set…

M. Mohan, a landowner, challenged the acquisition of his land under the Tamil Nadu Highways Act, 2001, arguing that the notification issued under s.15(1) violated procedural requirements of Rule 5 of the Tamil Nadu Highways Rules, 2003 because the Highways Department did not file a statement of answer to his objections…

The appellants, owners of land in Mumbai, challenged the municipal corporation’s acquisition of their property for a link road, arguing that the road could only be built after amending the Development Plan under the Maharashtra Regional Town Planning Act (MRTP Act). The High Court upheld the acquisition, holding that t…

The State of Madhya Pradesh appealed against the High Court's order that reduced the sentence of the accused, Nandu, from life imprisonment to the period already served (approximately seven years and ten months), while maintaining his conviction under Sections 147, 148, 323 and 302/34 of the Indian Penal Code. The tria…

The Governor of Jharkhand issued a 2016 notification reserving 100% of Class III and IV district‑level teaching posts for local residents of thirteen scheduled districts. This was challenged as violating Articles 14, 16(2), 16(3), 35 and the non‑obstante clause of Paragraph 5(1) of the Fifth Schedule. The High Court de…

The plaintiff, an adopted son of the deceased landowner, claimed ownership of 11 kanals and 15 marlas of land based on a compromise deed dated 18‑December‑1975, which was endorsed by the owner and recorded by the Deputy Commissioner (DC). The appellants, the natural heirs, argued that the compromise did not convey titl…

The plaintiff obtained a decree declaring her as tenant of a premises in Mumbai and ordered the landlord to hand over possession. The appellant, Shabbir Mohammad Sayed, claimed he had acquired leasehold rights from the alleged lawful tenant and also from the landlord on 24 January 2014, and sought execution of the decr…

The respondent, a former agricultural assistant of the Central Bank of India, was dismissed in 1982 on charges of impersonating his brother in a recruitment test. An industrial tribunal in 2008 held the dismissal unjustified and ordered reinstatement without back wages. The respondent filed a 2009 writ petition challen…

The Supreme Court considered a group of civil appeals challenging service‑tax assessments on composite (indivisible) works contracts that were levied for periods before the Finance Act, 2007 introduced a definition of "works contract" under s.65(105)(zzzza) of the Finance Act, 1994. The Revenue argued that service tax …

The appellants, teachers employed in colleges affiliated to the State of Kerala, sought enhancement of their retirement age to 65 years as prescribed in the University Grants Commission (UGC) Regulations, 2010, which Kerala had adopted but did not implement. They filed a writ petition in the Kerala High Court; both the…

The petitioner, Siddharth Mukesh Bhandari, filed FIRs in 2019 and the accused filed Special Criminal Applications under Article 226 of the Constitution and Section 482 of the CrPC seeking quash of the proceedings. The Gujarat High Court initially stayed any coercive steps on 10‑Oct‑2019, an order that the Supreme Court…

The appellant, Noor Mohammed, issued a Rs.7,00,000 cheque to the respondent, Khurram Pasha, which was dishonoured, leading to a complaint under Section 138 of the Negotiable Instruments Act. The trial court ordered the appellant to deposit 20% of the cheque amount as interim compensation under Section 143A, which he fa…

The appellant, a graduate, sought a compassionate appointment under the Uttar Pradesh Recruitment of Dependents of Government Servants Dying in Harness Rules, 1974, after his father, a Class‑IV sweeper, died. He rejected the offer of a sweeper post and applied for a Class‑III Gram Panchayat Officer position, arguing hi…

The appellant, Dauvaram Nirmalkar, was convicted of murder under Section 302 IPC for killing his brother Dashrath Nirmalkar. The trial court and High Court found him the sole perpetrator based on eyewitness testimony, forensic evidence, and his own confession, which was held inadmissible under Section 25 of the Evidenc…

Uttam was convicted under s.302 IPC for allegedly murdering his wife Pushpabai by pouring kerosene on her and setting her ablaze. The conviction rested on two written dying declarations recorded by a Special Executive Magistrate and an Investigating Officer, and two oral dying declarations given to the victim's father …

The appellant United India Insurance issued a Standard Fire & Special Perils (SFSP) policy to Levi Strauss (India) for fire loss, while Levi also held a global Open Marine Insurance (STP) policy issued by Allianz covering the same goods. After a fire, Levi claimed under the SFSP policy, but the insurer denied liability…

Narsingh Ispat Ltd. had a Standard Fire and Special Perils policy with Oriental Insurance. After a violent intrusion on 23 March 2010 caused extensive damage to its factory, the insurer denied the claim invoking an exclusion clause that barred loss caused by "acts of terrorism". The Consumer Commission upheld the denia…

The Supreme Court examined a public‑interest writ petition challenging COVID‑19 vaccine mandates, the disclosure of segregated clinical trial data, the emergency approvals of COVISHIELD and COVAXIN, the adequacy of the adverse‑event‑following‑immunisation (AEFI) system, and the policy of vaccinating children. It held t…

Petitioners Neppali Sai Vikash & Ors sought a further 5‑percentage‑point reduction in the NEET‑PG eligibility percentile, arguing that vacant postgraduate medical seats could be filled. The Union Government had already reduced the cutoff by 15 points across categories, leaving only 282 seats vacant after mop‑up and str…

Thomas Daniel, a teacher who joined service in 1966, was promoted in 1989 and received increments that were later claimed to be excess because his leave without allowance for a postgraduate degree was deemed not countable for service benefits. After his retirement in 1999, the State of Kerala sought recovery of those i…

The appellant, a student who could not pursue a medical degree abroad due to the pandemic, challenged the National Medical Commission's (NMC) 2021 Licentiate Regulations and Compulsory Rotating Medical Internship (CRMI) Regulations, alleging they were ultra vires and violated Articles 14, 19(1)(g) and 21 of the Constit…

The appellant, Pawan Kumar, was selected as a constable in the Railway Protection Force (RPF) but was discharged during training for allegedly suppressing information about a criminal case in his attestation form. The FIR registered against him was later found to be false and he was acquitted, yet the employer claimed …

The appellant Karan Singh was convicted along with five others for murder, attempted murder and criminal conspiracy arising from a dispute over a buffalo price that led to a shooting on 8 April 1980. The prosecution alleged that all six accused, armed with rifles and guns, opened fire, killing Brahmapal Singh and injur…

Rama Negi, a civil servant of the Cantonment Board, Ranikhet, was promoted to the selection post of Office Superintendent. Respondent No.3, Gopal Ram Arya, challenged the promotion, claiming seniority based on earlier entry into service and arguing that the higher pay scale of Negi should not determine seniority. The H…

The State of Rajasthan advertised vacancies for Lower Division Clerk (LDC) in 2013, requiring candidates to possess the Rajasthan State Certificate in Information Technology (RSCIT) by 22 March 2013. The respondent, a widow, applied after the deadline without the RSCIT qualification and was rejected. She obtained the q…

The Supreme Court dismissed the appeal of the Andhra Pradesh distribution companies (DISCOMS) challenging the Appellate Tribunal for Electricity’s (APTEL) order directing the State Electricity Regulatory Commission to decide on two applications: HNPCL’s petition for determination of capital cost (O.P. No.21 of 2015) an…

International Merchandising Co. organized the Chennai Open tennis tournament and entered into agreements with First Serve Entertainment (FSE) for a player's appearance, with Zee Telefilms for broadcast rights, and with Trans World International for overseas telecast rights. The Service Tax Commissioner issued demands u…

The appellant (LIC) challenged the High Court’s order allowing the respondents (Sanjeev Builders and another) to amend their plaint in a suit for specific performance, seeking a higher quantum of damages. The appellant argued that the amendment was barred by Order II Rule 2 of the CPC and the doctrine of constructive r…

The appellant, Morgan Securities, obtained an arbitral award granting post‑award interest of 18% only on the principal sum, while the appellant argued that interest should apply to the total award including pre‑award interest. The dispute centered on the interpretation of Section 31(7)(b) of the Arbitration and Concili…

The petitioners, who were independent, non‑executive directors of MBL Infrastructure Ltd., were impleaded as accused in a complaint under Sections 138 and 141 of the Negotiable Instruments Act for the dishonour of an account‑payee cheque signed by the company’s managing director. They filed a criminal revision under Se…

The Supreme Court examined an appeal by Asset Reconstruction Company (India) Ltd., a financial creditor, against a NCLAT order that held a Section 7(2) IBC application against V. Hotels Ltd. was time‑barred. The Court clarified that the Limitation Act, 1963 applies to IBC applications and that the three‑year limitation…

The landlord (EIH Ltd.) and tenant (Nadia A. Virji) entered into a tenancy agreement for a commercial showroom with a fixed rent of Rs 10,000 per month, while the tenant also agreed to pay municipal taxes separately. The landlord terminated the tenancy under Section 106 of the Transfer of Property Act and filed an evic…

The National Company Law Tribunal (NCLT) Bar Association filed a writ petition under Article 32 challenging a 2019 Ministry of Corporate Affairs notification that appointed 28 NCLT members for a three‑year term, alleging it contravened Section 413 of the Companies Act, 2013 which mandates a five‑year term. The Union of…