Judgments of 2022

The appellant, a 21‑year‑old wife residing in Chennai, sought the transfer of her husband’s petition for annulment of marriage filed in the Family Court at Vellore to the Family Court at Chennai under Section 24 of the Code of Civil Procedure. She also had two other matrimonial petitions – restitution of conjugal right…

Petitioner, a chartered accountant, filed a writ petition under Article 32 seeking a direction to all states and the GST Council to implement an electronic Document Identification Number (DIN) system for communications issued by state tax officers, arguing it would enhance transparency and accountability in indirect ta…

The Madhya Pradesh High Court Advocates Bar Association and the District Bar Association challenged the National Green Tribunal (NGT) Act, 2010, seeking to relocate the NGT bench from Bhopal to Jabalpur and to strike down provisions they claimed ousted High Court jurisdiction and provided an unconstitutional direct app…

The appellants, employed as Data Entry Operators of Bhavnagar Municipal Corporation, were initially placed in the Rs 4,000‑6,000 pay‑scale but were later granted the higher Rs 5,000‑8,000 scale of the next promotional post. In 2010 the corporation corrected this by withdrawing the higher scale, revising it to the first…

The appellant purchased agricultural land from the original owner under an agreement to sell (1993) and a registered sale deed (1996), after which he took possession. Unbeknownst to him, the owner's wife obtained a collusive decree in 1995 declaring herself owner, but the decree was never registered. Five years later s…

BBR (India) Private Limited and S.P. Singla Constructions entered into a contract containing an arbitration clause that did not specify a seat. The first arbitrator fixed the place of proceedings at Panchkula, Haryana, which the Court treated as the jurisdictional seat under Section 20(2) of the Arbitration and Concili…

The appeal concerned whether Bhonri Devi, a Hindu widow, became the absolute owner of an ancestral HUF house she occupied in lieu of her pre‑existing right to maintenance. The Supreme Court examined Section 14(1) of the Hindu Succession Act, 1956, interpreting "possessed by" and "acquired" in its widest sense to includ…

The parties to a partition suit entered into a compromise that was recorded by a Lok Adalat on 7 July 2012, which under Section 21 of the Legal Services Authorities Act, 1987 is deemed a decree of a civil court. Plaintiffs 4‑6 later alleged that their signatures were obtained by fraud and filed writ petitions seeking t…

The case concerns the death of Mrs. Manjit Kaur following a laparoscopic cholecystectomy performed by Dr. Gurmit Singh (Respondent 1) at Preet Surgical Centre (Respondent 2). After postoperative abdominal pain, greenish drainage and respiratory distress, the patient was shifted to another hospital where a large bowel p…

The Supreme Court entertained a Special Leave Petition filed by the All India Football Federation (AIFF) challenging the High Court's setting aside of its 2016 Executive Committee elections. The Court had earlier constituted a two‑member Committee of Administrators (CoA) to draft a new constitution for the AIFF and to …

The case concerned the admission of NEET‑UG qualified candidates to the NRI quota in unaided private medical colleges in Kerala. After two rounds of counselling, 57 NRI seats remained vacant and the private colleges sought an extension of time for fresh applications, which the Commissioner for Entrance Examination (CEE…

A.G. Perarivalan, convicted for the assassination of former Prime Minister Rajiv Gandhi, had his death sentence commuted to life imprisonment and spent over three decades in jail. The Tamil Nadu State Cabinet recommended remission of his sentence in September 2018, but the Governor delayed action for two and a half yea…

Indian Overseas Bank (IOB) had taken possession of two secured assets of M/s RCM Infrastructure Ltd. and conducted an e‑auction under the SARFAESI Act, selling the assets to bidders who paid 25% of the price and were later allowed to pay the balance by 8 March 2019. The corporate debtor filed a petition under Section 1…

State Bank of India (SBI) filed an application before the NCLT on 19 September 2018 under Section 7 of the Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code, 2016 (IBC) seeking initiation of a Corporate Insolvency Resolution Process (CIRP) against Krishidhan Seeds Private Limited, alleging default on a financial debt dated 10 June 2014 w…

The case arose from the Lakhimpur Kheri incident on 3 October 2021, where the accused, Ashish Mishra, allegedly drove vehicles into a crowd of protesting farmers, resulting in multiple deaths. The accused was charged under several IPC sections (147, 148, 149, 302, 307, 326 r/w 34 and 120B) and Arms Act sections (3, 25,…

A. Dharmaraj, a teacher, pursued a B.A. (English) by distance education from January 2012 to December 2014 and, concurrently, an M.A. (Tamil) from the 2013‑2014 to 2014‑2015 academic years. He was promoted to B.T. Assistant (English) on 6 August 2016. Respondent No.5 challenged the promotion, invoking Rule 14, which ba…

The appellant, Adiraj Manpower Services Pvt. Ltd., a manpower recruitment agency, entered into agreements with Sigma Electric Manufacturing to supply personnel for various manufacturing activities. The Commissioner of Central Excise issued a show‑cause notice alleging that the appellant had failed to assess and pay ser…

The appellant, former MD and CEO of Ricoh India Ltd., was served a show‑cause notice by SEBI alleging violations of the SEBI Act and the PFUTP Regulations based on an investigation report. The appellant demanded the full investigation report, but SEBI claimed it was an internal document not subject to disclosure. The S…

The appellants, owners of orchestra bars, challenged licence conditions imposed by the Maharashtra Police Commissioner that limited the number of performers to eight, with a gender cap of four women and four men on stage. The High Court upheld the conditions, but the Supreme Court held that the gender cap is unconstitu…

An FIR was lodged in 2016 against the appellants for offences under Sections 294(b), 323, 324 and 34 of the IPC. The police submitted an initial report under Section 173(2) of the CrPC implicating the appellants, but after a further investigation a supplementary report under Section 173(8) recommended dropping the case…

The appellant, K. Kumara Gupta, purchased temple land in a public auction on 24‑06‑1998, was declared the highest bidder, and the sale was confirmed and the deed executed. Over two decades later, third parties who had not participated in the auction claimed they could have paid a higher price and sought a re‑auction. T…

B.L. Kashyap & Sons Ltd., a steel supplier, filed a summary suit under Order XXXVII of the CPC against a real‑estate firm (defendant No.1) and its contractor JMS Steels & Power Corp. (defendant No.2) for non‑payment of Rs 89,50,244. The trial court denied both defendants leave to defend, holding that no triable issues …

The Supreme Court examined the scope of Section 29A(h) of the Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code, 2016, which bars persons who have executed an enforceable guarantee that has been invoked by a creditor from being a resolution applicant. The Court held that the disqualification arises when the guarantee is invoked, applies …

The appellant, a JBT teacher, applied for the post of Assistant Professor advertised by the Haryana Public Service Commission and was required to submit a No Objection Certificate (NOC) from his employer at the time of interview. Despite applying for the NOC in March 2016, the employer delayed issuance until June 2018;…

The Special Court convicted the respondents under sections 452, 323/34 and 325/34 of the IPC but acquitted them of offences under sections 354, 504, 506 IPC and sections 3(1)(x) and 3(1)(xi) of the SC/ST (Prevention of Atrocities) Act. The victim, Geeta Devi, appealed the acquittal. The Allahabad High Court dismissed t…

The appellant, a construction firm, entered into a contract with the Union of India for runway construction, which was terminated by the Union. The arbitrator awarded the appellant substantial sums for extension of time, wrongful termination, idle hire charges and value of machinery. A single judge upheld the award, bu…

The appellants filed a suit for declaration and possession, which the trial court decided ex parte. The respondent appealed to the First Appellate Court after a delay of 2 years and 7 months, filed but later withdrew an application for condonation of delay, and the appeal was dismissed on the ground of limitation under…

The case involves an alleged murder of Daxaben, where the husband (respondent No.2) was accused of conspiring with co‑accused to kill her for insurance money and stage it as an accident. The investigation produced extensive material, including call records and a charge‑sheet linking the accused to the crime under Secti…

The appellant was convicted of kidnapping, raping and murdering an 11‑year‑old girl after she disappeared from a village ceremony. Circumstantial and forensic evidence, including DNA matches to the co‑accused Satish and blood‑stained clothing recovered from the appellant's cowshed, linked the appellant to the crime, wh…

The Bangalore Development Authority (BDA) allotted a residential site to the first defendant in 1979, obligating her to construct a house within two years under the City of Bangalore Improvement (Allotment of Sites) Rules, 1972. In 1982 she entered into an agreement with the plaintiff to sell the site, promising posses…

The appellant, a machinery dealer, filed a complaint under Section 138 of the Negotiable Instruments Act alleging that a cheque issued by a director of Ravi Organics Ltd. was dishonoured. The complaint named the director but did not name the company as an accused nor aver that the director was in charge of and responsi…

M/s Polyflex (India) Pvt Ltd manufactures polyurethane foam, which is supplied to assemblers for making automobile seats. The company claimed a deduction under Section 80‑IB of the Income Tax Act for AY 2003‑04, but the assessing officer disallowed it on the ground that the foam falls within entry 25 of the Eleventh Sc…

The New Okhla Industrial Development Authority (NOIDA) acquired land under a notification issued on 5 January 1982 under the Land Acquisition Act, 1894. The reference court initially fixed compensation at Rs.20 per square yard in 1993, but after a 22‑year delay the land owners filed appeals before the Allahabad High Co…

Mrs. Leelamma Mathew purchased a secured property advertised as 54 cents in an auction conducted by Indian Overseas Bank under the SARFAESI Act. After paying the full consideration, she received possession of only 39.60 cents, the remaining 14.40 cents having been transferred earlier by the original debtor. She sued th…

The case arose from a land dispute in Rampur, Uttar Pradesh, where the deceased Dalip Singh was attacked and killed by a group of ten men, including the appellant Gurmail Singh, who were armed with firearms and other weapons. The trial court convicted all ten under Section 302 read with Section 149 of the IPC, and the …

The appellants, Hero Motocorp Ltd. and Sun Pharma Laboratories Ltd., relied on a 2003 Office Memorandum and notification that granted 100% excise duty exemption for ten years to industrial units in Uttarakhand and Himachal Pradesh. After the introduction of the GST regime, the Union of India rescinded those exemptions …

The deceased, a 28‑year‑old, died in a motor accident and his wife, minor daughter, father and sister claimed compensation under the Motor Vehicles Act, 1988. The Motor Accident Claims Tribunal awarded Rs 20.64 lakh based on a notional monthly income of Rs 10,000, a 30% uplift for future prospects and a one‑quarter ded…

The land in Hansi and Dhana villages of Haryana was acquired under the Land Acquisition Act, 1894 with a Section 4 notification on 29‑08‑2005 and a Section 11 award on 03‑08‑2007. The Reference Court in 2014 fixed the market value at Rs 1,000 per square yard, which the State accepted but the landowners challenged, lead…

The landlord filed an application under Section 13(6) of the Madhya Pradesh Accommodation Control Act, 1961 to have the tenant's defence struck off because the tenant had not paid the GST liability arising under the lease. The trial court struck off the defence, and the High Court affirmed that order. The tenant subseq…

The respondents, a group of MBBS graduates who appeared in the NEET‑PG 2019 examination, failed to secure postgraduate medical seats due to their lower merit rank, even though about 153 seats remained vacant after the final counselling on 31 May 2019. They filed writ petitions seeking admission beyond the statutory cut…

The accused were convicted by a Fast Track Court and the conviction was upheld by the High Court for offences under IPC sections 302 r/w 149, 148, 123 and 447. On appeal, the Supreme Court examined the testimony of ten prosecution witnesses, all of whom were related to the deceased and to each other, and found material…

The deceased, a 32‑year‑old fish‑vendor‑cum‑driver, died in a 2015 road accident caused by a rash driver of a car insured by United India Insurance Co. The claimants (wife, minor son and mother) sought compensation under the Motor Vehicles Act, 1988, including loss of dependency. The Tribunal awarded Rs 32,39,000, whic…

The Deputy Chief Minister of Delhi filed a private complaint under Section 200 CrPC alleging defamation against six persons, including Manoj Kumar Tiwari (A‑1) and Vijender Gupta (A‑5). The Additional Chief Metropolitan Magistrate issued summons, but the two appellants challenged the order. The Supreme Court held that …

B.L.A. Industries Private Limited sought relief under Article 32, contending that it had not been allocated a coal block through the illegal Screening Committee process that the Supreme Court had struck down in the Manohar Lal Sharma judgments. The petitioner had applied for a mining lease to the Madhya Pradesh State G…

The plaintiff, RAKHEJA ENGINEERS, filed a commercial suit for recovery of money without seeking urgent interim relief. The defendant, M/S. PATIL AUTOMATION, moved to reject the plaint under Order VII Rule 11 of the CPC, arguing that the suit violated Section 12A of the Commercial Courts Act, 2015, which mandates pre‑in…

The case concerned the appointment of Dr. M.S. Jayakumar as Lecturer in Sociology at the University of Kerala in 2012. Dr. Jayakumar held a Ph.D. awarded in 2006, i.e., before the 2009 Ph.D. Regulations that introduced a NET exemption only for Ph.D. degrees obtained under those regulations. The Kerala High Court and it…

The plaintiffs (respondents) sued for declaration and possession of agricultural land, alleging the defendants were tenants who sub‑let the property. The defendants denied tenancy and filed a counter‑claim for two other plots. The trial court dismissed the suit but allowed the counter‑claim; the first appeal upheld thi…

The petitioners, representing 25 villages affected by recurrent flooding of the Ghaggar basin, sought relief from the Supreme Court. The Court had earlier directed the Central Water Commission (CWC) to convene a meeting and ordered the Central Water and Power Research Station (CWPRS), Pune to prepare a Mathematical Mod…

The appellant, the original complainant, challenged a High Court order that had quashed criminal proceedings against the accused under Sections 307, 504, 506 of the IPC and Sections 3(10)(15) of the SC/ST (Prevention of Atrocities) Act. The High Court, relying on a single paragraph stating that no useful purpose would …

The plaintiff filed a suit for declaration and injunction, but defendants 2 and 3 failed to file a written statement and were held ex-parte. They later filed a petition under Order IX Rule 13 of the CPC seeking condonation of delay, setting aside the ex-parte decree, and permission to file a written statement. The tria…

The Advocate Association Bengaluru filed a contempt petition alleging that the Appointments Committee of the Cabinet (ACC) had appointed members to the Income Tax Appellate Tribunal (ITAT) based on reports and feedback obtained after the Search‑cum‑Selection Committee (SCSC) had made its recommendations, without placin…

Brigadier Javed Iqbal, a Judge Advocate General officer classified as SHAPE‑2 (medical category P2) sought promotion to Major General (Additional Judge Advocate General). The No.1 Selection Board recommended his promotion, and the Chief of Defence Staff cleared it despite the officer’s medical condition. The Military S…

The respondent claimed ownership of a 45.01‑acre parcel that his ancestors bought at a public auction in 1887, which was forfeited for non‑payment of land revenue in 1892 but remained in the family's possession. The Karnataka Government, by a 1994 order, transferred the land to the Forest Department as part of a land‑b…

The Supreme Court examined whether the New Okhla Industrial Development Authority (NOIDA), as the lessor in a 90‑year lease of land for a residential project, could be treated as a financial creditor under the Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code, 2016. The Court held that the lease does not qualify as a financial lease unde…

The Staff Selection Commission (SSC) issued a recruitment notification for constable and rifleman posts in various Central Armed Police Forces, earmarking vacancies separately for different border districts and requiring candidates to indicate a final preference for a service. Several candidates were excluded from meri…

The Regional Transport Authority sought to replace a stage‑carriage vehicle under a permit, but the applicant's request to use an older vehicle was rejected under Rule 174(2)(c) of the Kerala Motor Vehicle Rules, 1989. The High Court held the rule ultra‑vires the Motor Vehicles Act, 1988, a view the Supreme Court rejec…

The Supreme Court examined the winding‑up petition filed by Antrix Corporation against Devas Multimedia Private Ltd under section 271(c) of the Companies Act, 2013, alleging fraud in the formation and conduct of the company. The petition was never advertised, and the petitioners challenged the order on grounds of lack …

The dispute concerned a 0.08‑cent portion of a 120‑acre land parcel in Chengalpattu, where the appellant Seethakathi Trust claimed title based on a series of registered sale deeds dating back to 1963, while the respondent Krishnaveni sought specific performance of an earlier agreement and claimed possession of the same…

The appellants, owners of a chemical trading company, were accused of contravening the Drugs and Cosmetics Act by purchasing and allegedly repackaging pyridoxal‑5‑phosphate, a bulk food substance, for sale to drug manufacturers. The complaint was filed more than four years after the initial inspection, and the investig…

The appellant was convicted in nine separate sessions trials for theft of electricity equipment, each resulting in a two‑year simple imprisonment under Section 136 of the Electricity Act. The trial judge ordered that time spent as an under‑trial be set off against each sentence and that sentences for offences under Sec…

The deceased Pushpa was burnt and later died; two dying declarations were recorded—first (Ex. P‑11) by a Naib Tehsildar, which did not name her husband Rajaram, and second (Ex. P‑26) by a police officer, which accused Rajaram and others of cruelty and dowry harassment. The trial court convicted Rajaram under Section 49…

The Kerala State Electricity Board (KSEB) appealed against a Kerala High Court judgment that held excess consumption of electricity within the same premises and tariff does not constitute "unauthorised use" for the purpose of imposing a double‑tariff penalty. The Supreme Court examined whether drawing electricity beyon…

The respondents defaulted on three loan facilities secured by an equitable mortgage and the bank initiated SARFAESI proceedings, eventually conducting an e‑auction of the mortgaged property. The respondents challenged the auction on two grounds: a typographical error in the door number in the auction notice and the auc…

The appellant bank granted a loan to a partnership firm which defaulted, leading to a Lavad suit under the Gujarat Co-operative Societies Act, 1961. An award was passed in 1988 and a certificate under Section 103 was issued in 1995, creating a deemed decree. The bank filed an execution petition in 1995, which was withd…

The Supreme Court examined whether the Power Purchase Agreement (PPA) between M.P. Power Management Company Limited (the appellant) and Sky Power Southeast Solar India Private Limited (the first respondent) was a statutory contract under the Electricity Act, 2003 and whether the appellant’s termination of the PPA compl…

The appeal arose from the Kathua gang‑rape case where the accused Shubam Sangra claimed to be a juvenile. The Chief Judicial Magistrate, relying on municipal and parental testimony, held him a minor, a decision affirmed by the High Court. The State appealed, arguing that contradictory documentary evidence required refe…

The appellant, a 19‑year‑old utensil seller, suffered paraplegia and a 45% permanent disability in a road accident on 18 July 2012. The Motor Accidents Claims Tribunal awarded Rs 6,13,000 in compensation, which the Karnataka High Court enhanced to Rs 9,26,800 by increasing the notional monthly income to Rs 7,000 and th…

The appellants, women Short Service Commissioned Officers (SSCO) of the Indian Air Force recruited between 1993-1998, were promised a Permanent Commission (PC) after five years of service under a 1991 policy circular and recruitment advertisements. Instead, they were granted extensions and denied PC, leading to a Publi…

Nandini Sharma and another filed a writ petition under Article 32 challenging Rule 1(b), Rule 5 and Rule 7(c) of Order IV of the Supreme Court Rules, 2013, alleging that conferring exclusive rights to practice before the Supreme Court on Advocates on Record (AOR) is unreasonable, discriminatory and violative of Article…

M/s Steel Authority of India Ltd. claimed Modvat credit on "Guide Cars" used to transport hot coke from its coke oven battery, arguing that the vehicles were components of the battery under Rule 57Q of the Central Excise Rules, 1944. The Adjudicating Authority and the Customs, Excise & Service Tax Appellate Tribunal re…

The appellant, a merchant navy seaman earning USD 1,000, suffered a severe vehicular accident on 2 January 1997 resulting in amputation of his right upper limb below the elbow and required five surgeries. He claimed Rs 1.02 crore compensation under the Motor Vehicles Act, 1988, s.166 for permanent disability, but the M…

The appellant, original plaintiff, filed a suit for specific performance of a 1996 Memorandum of Agreement and a 2011 agreement to sell concerning a piece of land. The trial court directed him to pay deficient stamp duty with penalty under Entry No.5 of Schedule 1‑A of the Indian Stamp Act (Punjab), a view affirmed by …

Suresh Paswan, an employee of M/s KLA Construction Technologies, fell from a roof at a construction site and claimed 60% permanent disability, supported by a 2009 disability certificate. The Commissioner, Employees’ Compensation awarded him Rs 3,74,364 as compensation. The employer appealed, and the Delhi High Court, r…

The appellant, S.P. Mani and Mohan Dairy, filed a complaint under Section 138 of the Negotiable Instruments Act against a partnership firm and its partners for a dishonoured cheque. The High Court, on a petition under Section 482 of the CrPC, quashed the criminal proceedings against one partner, Dr. Snehalatha Elangova…

The appellant Makhan Singh was convicted under Section 304‑B IPC for the death of his wife Manjit Kaur based on two dying declarations. The first declaration, recorded by Judicial Magistrate Vani Gopal Sharma, was made after a medical officer certified the deceased was fit and conscious, and the magistrate satisfied he…

The Supreme Court examined a civil appeal wherein the Union of India and other government bodies challenged a High Court order directing the railway tendering authority to specify the HSN code and GST rate (18%) for a turbo‑wheel impeller in a global tender, to ensure a uniform bidding process. The petitioners argued t…

The Supreme Court examined a Division Bench judgment of the Himachal Pradesh High Court that affirmed a disciplinary dismissal of a bank employee but was written in an incomprehensible manner. The Court held that a judgment must be clear, logical and accessible to the parties and the public, and that incoherent judgmen…

Sandeep alias Kala was acquitted of murder in the trial court, but the High Court reversed the acquittal and sentenced him to life imprisonment. He appealed to the Supreme Court under Section 2(a) of the Supreme Court (Enlargement of Criminal Appellate Jurisdiction) Act, 1970 and Section 379 of the CrPC, and the appeal…

Deepika Singh, a nursing officer at PGIMER, married a man who had two children from a previous marriage. She applied for maternity leave for her first biological child under Rule 43 of the Central Civil Services (Leave) Rules, 1972, but the authorities denied it, arguing that she already had two surviving children for …

The Oriental Bank of Commerce filed a criminal complaint under Section 138 of the Negotiable Instruments Act alleging that a cheque issued by the respondent, Prabodh Kumar Tewari, bounced due to insufficient funds. The respondent admitted signing a blank cheque and argued that the details filled in later were not in hi…

Ms. P (appellant) alleged that her fiancé, respondent No.2, raped her in Delhi in February‑March 2016 (IPC s.376) and later, in November 2016, threatened and abused her over telephone in Chamoli (IPC s.504, s.506). The Sessions Judge, Chamoli, discharged the accused of the rape charge for lack of territorial jurisdicti…

Major Singh, the appellant, struck his uncle Makhan Singh with a wooden cot leg ("bahi") after a quarrel the previous day, causing a head injury that led to the uncle's death a day later. The trial court acquitted Singh, but the Punjab and Haryana High Court set aside the acquittal and convicted him under Section 302 I…

The case concerned promotion of Class‑IV employees of Banaras Hindu University to Junior Clerk (Class‑III) posts. The University’s Manual, approved by the Executive Council, required a five‑year service, matriculation, a departmental test and a typing test (with a two‑year grace period if not passed). The Board of Exam…

The plaintiff filed a suit for mandatory and prohibitory injunction, together with damages, to evict licensees from his plot. The defendant challenged the suit's pecuniary jurisdiction, arguing that the valuation should be based on the market value of the property (Rs. 1.8 crore) rather than the nominal amounts claimed…

The plaintiff, a former freedom fighter, sued the State of Punjab and its officers for Rs.20 lakhs in damages for denial of his freedom‑fighter status. He affixed only Rs.50 as court‑fees, relying on a Punjab & Haryana High Court decision that allowed tentative valuation for fee payment. The trial court ordered him to …

The victim of a rape alleged that, besides the two persons named in the FIR, a third individual, Nahar Singh, participated in the offence; his name appeared only in the victim's statement recorded under Section 164 of the CrPC. The Chief Judicial Magistrate, taking cognizance of the offence under Section 190(1)(b) of t…

The petitioners, ex‑servicemen, challenged the Union of India's implementation of One Rank One Pension (OROP) through a November 7, 2015 letter that altered the original promise of automatic pension revisions to periodic revisions every five years. They argued that the new definition created a class within a class, vio…

The petitioners, who purchased property at auction under a Recovery Certificate, paid 25% earnest money but had 10% of that amount forfeited by the Recovery Officer. Their appeal to the Debt Recovery Tribunal (DRT) was dismissed, and a further appeal to the Debt Recovery Appellate Tribunal (DRAT) remained pending witho…

The Supreme Court examined the murder of Venkatarama, where Krishnamurthy, Gopala and Thimmappa were convicted under Section 302 read with Section 34 IPC. Evidence showed Krishnamurthy brutally assaulted the victim after he fell, causing fatal injuries, establishing his liability for murder. The Court held that Gopala …

Vodafone Idea Cellular Ltd. filed a consumer complaint alleging over‑charging for mobile services, which the consumer, Ajay Kumar Agarwal, pursued before the District Consumer Disputes Redressal Forum. The appellant argued that Section 7B of the Telegraph Act, 1885, which mandates arbitration for disputes concerning te…

The borrower, a director of Vaishnavi Hatcheries, defaulted on loans from two cooperative banks and mortgaged four properties. After a recovery certificate was issued, the appellant bank conducted a public auction, issuing a sale certificate and deed in favour of the highest bidder. The borrower failed to apply within …

The Supreme Court examined a dispute arising from a slump sale of the loss‑making Amroha sugar mill by U.P. State Sugar Corporation Ltd. (UPSSCL) to Wave Industries Pvt. Ltd. The issue was whether unpaid duty, penalty and interest accrued before the signing date of the slump sale agreement (17 July 2010) should be born…

The State of Uttar Pradesh advertised for the post of Health Worker (Female) requiring candidates to be registered with the Uttar Pradesh Nurses and Midwife Council. The appellants, already registered with the Madhya Pradesh Council, applied for UP registration before the advertisement but faced delays in obtaining a N…

The New Okhla Industrial Development Authority (NOIDA) acquired land in 1982 for the development of NOIDA and awarded compensation of Rs.30,000 per bigha. The original owners filed a reference under Section 18 of the Land Acquisition Act, 1894 seeking enhanced compensation, which was dismissed, and subsequent review ap…

The appellants had taken a home loan from Axis Bank, which required a life‑insurance policy on the borrower’s life. The bank paid the premium to Max Life Insurance and the insured underwent a medical test that showed no health issues. The insured died shortly thereafter, and the insurer repudiated the claim, sending an…

The Delhi Development Authority (DDA) and the Land Acquisition Collector (LAC) appealed a Delhi High Court order that declared the land acquisition of certain parcels to have lapsed under Section 24(2) of the Right to Fair Compensation and Transparency in Land Acquisition, Rehabilitation and Resettlement Act, 2013 beca…

The Delhi government acquired land under the Land Acquisition Act, 1894, issuing a notification in 1965, declaring an award and taking possession of the land in 1986. After nearly three decades, the respondents filed a writ petition claiming that the acquisition had lapsed under Section 24(2) of the Right to Fair Compe…

The State of Gujarat appealed against the High Court’s order granting bail to Sandip Omprakash Gupta under the Gujarat Control of Terrorism and Organised Crime Act, 2015 (the 2015 Act). The key issue was whether an FIR under the 2015 Act could be maintained when no FIR had been registered against the accused after the …

The Government of NCT of Delhi appealed against a Delhi High Court order that declared the land acquisition proceedings against Mohd. Maqbool and others to have lapsed under Section 24(2) of the Right to Fair Compensation and Transparency in Land Acquisition, Rehabilitation and Resettlement Act, 2013, on the ground tha…

The deceased, a 35‑year‑old farmer who cultivated 66 acres and owned 12 acres, died in a motor vehicle accident caused by the negligent driving of a truck. The claimants filed a petition under Section 166 of the Motor Vehicles Act, 1988 and the Motor Accident Claim Tribunal awarded Rs 6,60,000, which the High Court lat…

The case concerned an appeal by Neeraj Dutta against the State under the Prevention of Corruption Act, 1988, where the prosecution alleged that the public servant had demanded and accepted illegal gratification. The central issue was whether, in the absence of the complainant’s direct or primary evidence of demand, the…

The deceased, Gohar Mohammed, was killed when his car was rear‑ended by a bus owned by Uttar Pradesh State Road Transport Corporation. The Motor Accident Claims Tribunal (MACT) awarded Rs.31.90 lakh compensation, holding the owner liable because the vehicle was operated without a valid permit and in breach of insurance…

The dispute concerned whether a new industrial unit, Rubfila International Ltd., was entitled to a five‑year exemption from the enhanced power tariff under the Kerala Government Order of 6 February 1992 from the date of commercial production (26 March 1995) or from the date of energisation (16 September 1995). The Kera…

The Pharmacy Council of India (PCI) issued resolutions in July and September 2019 imposing a five‑year moratorium on the establishment of new pharmacy colleges, later exempting government institutions, the North‑Eastern region and states with fewer than 50 pharmacy institutes. Several private pharmacy colleges challeng…

The appellant Yashpal Singh alleged that a land dispute led the accused, including respondent No.2 Mehtab, to drive a tractor over standing crops and attack him and his family, resulting in the death of his brother and serious injuries to others. The FIR named the accused and they were arrested; the trial court denied …

The appellant, Vijaya, allegedly ingested a poisonous substance and gave it to her 10‑month‑old daughter, who later died. A statement recorded by a Judicial Magistrate on 11‑Oct‑2012 was treated as a dying declaration, but the appellant survived and subsequently denied making the statement. The trial court and High Cou…

M/S S.S. Engineers, an operational creditor, filed a petition under Section 9 of the Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code (IBC) to initiate a Corporate Insolvency Resolution Process (CIRP) against Hindustan Petroleum Corporation Ltd.'s subsidiary, HPCL Biofuels Ltd (HBL). The National Company Law Tribunal (NCLT) admitted the…

Mekala Sivaiah, harboring a grudge against the deceased agriculturalist, attacked him on 6 September 2006 by sprinkling chilli powder in his eyes and stabbing him with a knife, causing fatal injuries. The prosecution presented four eyewitnesses and medical evidence, leading the Trial Court to convict Sivaiah under Sect…

The appellant, a judicial officer appointed in 2013, granted bail on 27 April 2015 in a corruption case, which led to a departmental enquiry alleging misconduct and extraneous motives. While the enquiry was pending, a Higher Judicial Committee recommended his discharge and a Full Court ordered his termination on ground…

The case concerned the inter‑se seniority of Inspectors of Central Excise recruited either directly (DRIs) or by promotion (PRIs) under the 1979 Recruitment Rules which prescribe a 75%:25% ratio. The dispute arose over the applicability of the 1986 Office Memorandum (OM) that introduced a rotation‑and‑bunching mechanis…

The Supreme Court examined whether a government employee convicted of corruption, with a criminal appeal pending, is entitled to his death‑cum‑retirement gratuity (DCRG) under the Kerala Service Rules. The Court held that Rule 3A cannot be read in isolation; it must be read together with Rule 3, Note 2 and Ruling 3, wh…

The appellant authority allotted a residential plot in Sector 30, Noida to the respondent in 1981, while the respondent's wife had already been allotted a plot in Sector 15A. Both the wife and the respondent later filed affidavits falsely declaring that neither they nor their dependents owned any plot in Noida, Delhi o…

The deceased Shashi Devi, a married woman, was found burnt in the hut of her husband Satye Singh; her father filed a complaint implicating the husband, his mother and sister‑in‑law. The Sessions Court convicted the husband and his mother under Sections 302, 34 and 201 of the IPC based solely on circumstantial evidence,…

ECGC Limited, having obtained a construction contract with the Government of Basra, Iraq, paid a premium and later faced suspension of payments and withdrawal of the contract. It filed a complaint under Section 21(a)(i) of the Consumer Protection Act, 1986 before the National Consumer Disputes Redressal Commission, whi…

The appellant, Manoj @ Monu @ Vishal Chaudhary, was initially declared a juvenile in conflict with law but the High Court set aside that finding and ordered him to stand trial as an adult. He sought to prove his juvenility on the basis of a birth certificate, a school leaving certificate, an ossification test report, a…

Future Retail Ltd (FRL) and Future Coupons Pvt Ltd (FCPL) entered into a sale agreement with Reliance Group, which Amazon challenged by initiating arbitration at the Singapore International Arbitration Centre (SIAC). An emergency arbitrator issued an injunction restraining FRL from proceeding with the deal, and the Del…

The case arose from a 2000 incident in which several accused were convicted of murder and related offences. The trial court framed charges alleging that the victim, Harpal Singh, was killed by bullet injuries from accused No.2, although the evidence showed he died from injuries inflicted by sharp weapons wielded by acc…

The appellants, joint owners of a 23‑kanal property, entered into two sale agreements with the respondent, requiring the sale deed to be executed by 16‑08‑2004 and making earnest money forfeitable if the deadline was missed. The respondent paid part of the consideration as earnest money but failed to appear for executi…

The dispute concerned the inter‑se seniority of Income Tax Inspectors in Gujarat, where direct recruits (selected through CGLE‑2010) and promotees (appointed in 2009‑10) were to be interspaced. The High Court had quashed a seniority list dated 13 February 2018 and restored the earlier list of 7 September 2016, relying …

Vinay Prakash Singh, convicted of contempt of the Supreme Court on 15 November 2019, was sentenced on 22 September 2022 to six months' imprisonment. He contended that he had been in custody since 3 February 2020 in connection with another case and that, under Section 428 of the CrPC, this period should be set off again…

The case concerned whether the additional amount ("Supplementary Commission") earned by travel agents over and above the standard 7% commission on airline tickets is covered by Section 194H of the Income Tax Act and thus subject to tax deduction at source (TDS). The Supreme Court examined the nature of the relationship…

The Kerala Land Reforms & Development Co‑operative Society Ltd and related societies sought remission of stamp duty on sale deeds executed either by the societies or by their members, invoking SRO No. 75/1960 which was issued under the repealed Travancore‑Cochin Co‑operative Societies Act, 1951 and the Madras Co‑operat…

Kapil Kumar sued Raj Kumar for recovery of Rs 1 lakh, alleging that Raj Kumar had borrowed the sum and executed a promissory note in Kapil's favour. The trial court, after evaluating the handwriting expert and deed‑writer testimony, held that the note was executed and decreed in favour of the plaintiff; the first appel…

Hari Ram died in a motor accident on 22 November 2010 while riding a three‑wheeler driven by Ram Kishan and insured by IFFCO Tokio. His wife, son and mother claimed compensation under the Motor Vehicles Act, 1988. The Motor Accident Claims Tribunal awarded Rs 4,33,000 using a multiplier of 9, based on an alleged age of…

The original plaintiffs filed a suit for declaration of ownership and a permanent injunction, relying on a registered sale deed dated 31‑08‑1967 and on alleged adverse possession. The trial court dismissed the suit; the first appellate court rejected the sale deed claim but granted title and an injunction on the basis …

Sunita Burman, the widow of Munna Lal Burman, who was engaged as a daily‑wage Muster Roll employee and later appointed as a work‑charged employee of the Madhya Pradesh Housing and Infrastructure Development Board, sought family pension and other retiral dues after his death on 26 April 2016. The High Court initially gr…

The State of Madhya Pradesh appealed against a Jabalpur High Court order that had entertained a writ petition under Article 226 challenging an assessment order dated 28‑02‑2015 which denied an input rebate under Section 14 of the Madhya Pradesh Value Added Tax Act, 2002. The assessee, M/s Commercial Engineers, had file…

The State prosecuted Laly @ Manikandan and another for murder under IPC s.302 r.w. s.34, alleging that the accused attacked the deceased in a car and later in a shed, causing fatal injuries. The trial court convicted them based on the testimony of PW1, the sole eye‑witness who saw the accused at both stages of the inci…

The Supreme Court examined a land acquisition under the urgency provision of Section 17 of the Land Acquisition Act, 1894, where the acquiring authority failed to tender 80% of the estimated compensation before taking possession and also did not pass an award within two years as required by Section 11A. The Court held …

Essar Steel deposited roughly Rs 35 crore and Rs 47 crore as refundable security deposits with Essar House Private and Essar Services respectively. After Essar Steel entered corporate insolvency resolution, the resolution applicant Arcelor Mittal Nippon Steel (Arcellor) sought repayment of those deposits and filed Sect…

The appellant, S. Rukmini Madegowda, was elected as a councillor (later mayor) of the Mysore Municipal Corporation. She filed an affidavit of assets that falsely omitted her husband's property, violating the Karnataka Municipal Corporations Act (KMC Act) and the Representation of People Act (RP Act). An election petiti…

The Board of Control for Cricket in India (BCCI) filed an interim application seeking the Supreme Court's leave to give effect to several amendments to its Constitution, notably to Clause 6(4) concerning the cooling‑off period for office‑bearers and Clause 6(5) relating to disqualification on criminal conviction. The C…

Kanchan Kumar, a former Assistant General Manager of the Bihar State Financial Corporation, was charged under Sections 13(1)(d) and 13(2) of the Prevention of Corruption Act, 1988 for allegedly possessing assets disproportionate to his known income during the period 1974‑1988. The charge‑sheet claimed an income of Rs. …

Following the bifurcation of Andhra Pradesh, the Ministry of Personnel allocated B. Subba Rayudu, a Joint Director (Class‑A) in the Animal Husbandry Department, to the residual State of Andhra Pradesh despite his exercise of the option to join Telangana, his seniority, and his spouse’s status as a local candidate of Te…

The Supreme Court upheld a penalty of Rs 1 crore each on DKG Buildcon Private Ltd. and R.C. Gupta & Co. for willfully failing to comply with multiple SEBI summons issued during an investigation into share‑price manipulation of Shonkh Technology International Ltd. (STIL) and the alleged facilitation of Ketan Parekh’s ma…

Kavi Arora, former MD and CEO of Religare Finvest Ltd., was served a Show Cause Notice by SEBI alleging diversion of funds. He petitioned the High Court seeking the documents relied upon by SEBI and a copy of the opinion formed under Rule 3 of the SEBI Adjudication Rules. SEBI refused to disclose certain documents, cla…

The Supreme Court of India entertained a petition (Conmt. Pet. (C) No. 461/2022) alleging willful disobedience of its earlier judgment dated 29 July 2022 in Civil Appeal No. 4987/2022. The earlier judgment had issued directions (paragraph 18(i) to (iv)) concerning the parties' dispute. The Court, by this order, added a…

The appellants, former Assistant and Deputy Foreign Language Examiners of the Research and Analysis Wing, challenged the merger of their two cadres and the consequent calculation of their pension and terminal benefits. The Central Administrative Tribunal (CAT) had earlier directed that the merger order of 26 May 2008 b…

The petitioners, led by Himanshu Kumar, alleged that police, Special Police Officers, Salwa Judum activists and paramilitary forces carried out brutal massacres of tribals in three Chhattisgarh villages in September and October 2009 and sought a mandamus directing the CBI to investigate and compensation for the victims…

The appellant, ShaHaja @ ShaHajan Ismail Mohd. Shaikh, was convicted of murdering Mahankal Jaiswal after two eye‑witnesses (PW‑1 and PW‑8) testified that he assaulted the victim with a hammer. The trial court also relied on a discovery panchnama under Section 27 of the Evidence Act, which recorded the appellant pointin…

Amarendra Kumar Pandey, a rifleman of the Assam Rifles, was discharged on 31 January 2004 after accruing four red‑ink entries for various misconducts. He challenged the discharge by filing a writ petition; a Single Judge set aside the order, emphasizing the need for a speaking order and discretion, but the Guwahati Hig…

The petition filed by a mother under Article 32 sought a writ of habeas corpus to compel the father to return their two minor children, who were US residents, from India to the United States in accordance with a shared parenting plan ordered by an Ohio court. The Supreme Court examined whether a writ of habeas corpus i…

The appellant, Dhananjay Rai, was convicted of murder, criminal conspiracy and illegal possession of arms and appealed the conviction before the Patna High Court. The appeal was admitted, but the appellant subsequently absconded, leading the High Court to dismiss the appeal on the ground of non‑prosecution. The Supreme…

The Supreme Court examined an appeal filed by Subrata Roy Sahara challenging a Patna High Court order that, while hearing an anticipatory bail application filed by co‑accused Pramod Kumar Saini under s.438 CrPC, directed notice to third parties including the appellant who was not an accused. The Court held that an anti…

Constable Mahadev, a BSF personnel, was convicted under Section 46 of the BSF Act (equivalent to murder under Section 302 IPC) for shooting and killing a civilian smuggler during a border patrol. He appealed, claiming the shooting was in private self‑defence against a group of armed intruders who had surrounded him. Th…

The Supreme Court heard appeals challenging the Delhi High Court's age criteria for the Delhi Judicial Service (DJS) and Delhi Higher Judicial Service (DHJS) examinations. The petitioners argued that the upper age limit of 32 years for DJS and the minimum age of 35 years for DHJS were unconstitutional, especially after…

The appellant, Chairman and Managing Director of M/s MSPL Ltd, imported an Aston Martin, paid customs duty and road tax, and later paid a differential motor vehicle tax after a demand notice. A FIR alleged that he conspired with a Regional Transport Officer to evade road tax, leading to criminal proceedings under the P…

The plaintiff, holder of the trademark ‘SHYAM’, sued the appellants for infringement and sought a temporary injunction. The Single Judge of the Calcutta High Court refused an interim injunction, granting the appellants time to file an affidavit and postponing the matter. The plaintiff appealed this order to the Divisio…

The plaintiffs filed a title suit seeking a declaration under Section 53A of the Transfer of Property Act, a permanent injunction and related reliefs, alleging continuous possession of the property for over twelve years. The defendants moved an application under Order VII Rule 11 of the CPC to have the plaint rejected …

The Council of Architecture (COA) issued two communications in 2018 relating to the Minimum Standards of Architectural Education, which the Academic Society of Architects (TASA) challenged on the ground that they were regulations requiring prior Central Government approval under section 45(1) of the Architects Act, 197…

The Kolhapur Municipal Corporation (KMC) sought to acquire land reserved in the 1999 Development Plan for public purposes, but the land remained unacquired for over ten years. The landowners served a purchase notice under Section 127 of the Maharashtra Regional and Town Planning Act, 1966 (MRTP Act), and the corporatio…

Prakash Corporates filed a money suit against Dee Vee Projects Limited on 21‑12‑2020. The defendant failed to file a written statement within the 30‑day period and sought extensions, which were granted up to 15‑04‑2021, but the 120‑day deadline fell on 06‑05‑2021. The trial court and the High Court refused further exte…

The Bengal Secretariat Cooperative Land Mortgage Bank and Housing Society Ltd. (the appellant) sought to redevelop its dilapidated administrative building by entering into a joint‑venture agreement with a private developer, Hi‑Rise Apartment Makers Pvt. Ltd. A dissenting member, respondent No.1, challenged the society’…

The appellant Subramanya was charged with murdering Kamalamma along with co‑accused Gowri and Seetharam Bhat. The trial court acquitted all three, but the Karnataka High Court convicted Subramanya under IPC s.302 and sentenced him to life imprisonment, relying on an extra‑judicial confession by Seetharam, motive, and d…

The Supreme Court examined whether a stock broker must obtain a separate SEBI certificate of registration for each stock exchange where he operates, or whether a single registration suffices, and whether the ad valorem fee prescribed in Schedule III must be paid for each registration. The Court held that the expression…

The Deputy Commissioner of Gift Tax appealed against the valuation of shares gifted by M/s BPL Limited to M/s Celestial Finance Ltd. The shares, although listed, were promoter quota shares subject to a lock‑in period, raising the question of whether they were "quoted" for valuation purposes. The Supreme Court held that…

M/s Thermax Ltd. (appellant) manufactures Modified Vapour Absorption Chillers (MVAC) and described them as heat pumps to obtain a concessional excise rate under Notification 155/86‑CE. The Revenue argued that the MVAC’s primary output is chilled water, not heat, and therefore it does not meet the HSN definition of a he…

A 12‑year‑old boy died when a jeep struck him while he was playing outside his house. The mother filed a claim petition under Sections 140, 166 and 171 of the Motor Vehicles Act seeking Rs 2,00,000 compensation. The Motor Accident Claims Tribunal awarded Rs 1,50,000 and the High Court enhanced it only to the claimed am…

The appellant, Md. Anowar Hussain, was convicted by the Sessions Court and the Gauhati High Court for murdering his wife, Samina Begum, based on circumstantial evidence and a post‑mortem report showing asphyxia due to throttling. The appellant claimed the victim died of an illness in hospital and that he had left home …

The appellant Ramanand (alias Nandlal Bharti) was convicted and sentenced to death for allegedly murdering his wife and four children, based largely on circumstantial evidence comprising a discovery statement of the murder weapon, extra‑judicial confessions to two witnesses, alleged motive stemming from an extramarital…

In February 2022 the Karnataka government issued a G.O. mandating that all students in government and private schools wear the uniform prescribed by the College Development Committee or Board of Management, effectively prohibiting the wearing of hijab. Two pre‑university students who were denied entry for refusing to r…

The appellant, an ex‑director of the corporate debtor, contested the admission of an application filed by the operational creditor under section 9 of the Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code (IBC) alleging a debt for coal supplied under a purchase order. The creditor claimed the coal was of inferior quality, leading to email…

The Central Warehousing Corporation (CWC), a statutory corporation, had sub‑leased 34 acres of land to operate a warehouse, which later became part of a Special Economic Zone (SEZ) notified by the Ministry of Commerce and Industry. CWC sought de‑notification of the land and, after a series of negotiations, accepted a s…

The plaintiff filed a suit for specific performance of a 1993 agreement of sale of land, which was conditioned on the defendant first entering into an agreement with his brother's wife to purchase a parcel of her land for access. The trial court granted specific performance, the first appellate court reversed, and the …

M/S. Shivali Enterprises entered into an agreement to sell land to the respondents, receiving Rs.1,50,000 of the Rs.1,65,000 purchase price and taking possession, while the respondents were required to obtain an Income‑Tax Clearance certificate and have the revenue records mutated before execution of the sale deed. The…

The case concerned a lease of 540 acres of land granted by the Sri Udasin Mutt, a charitable religious institution, to Gulf Oil Corporation Ltd. The State of Telangana sought eviction on the ground that the land is agricultural and, under Section 82 of the Telangana Charitable and Hindu Religious Institutions and Endow…

The appellant, a son, and his father were drinking together when a quarrel erupted on the night of 26-27 July 2010. The son attacked his father with a piece of Nagar wood, inflicting eleven severe injuries to the head, neck, chest and abdomen, leading to the father's death. He was convicted of murder under Section 302 …

The case concerns a 16‑year‑old accused (Bholu) of murder, whose preliminary assessment under Section 15 of the Juvenile Justice (Care and Protection of Children) Act, 2015 was held by the Juvenile Justice Board to warrant trial as an adult. The Board relied on a psychologist’s IQ report and a Social Investigation Repo…

The appellant, the Principal Director of Income Tax (Investigation), sought to validate a search and seizure warrant issued under Section 132 of the Income Tax Act, 1961 against Laljibhai Kanjibhai Mandalia, who had transferred Rs 10 crore as a loan to a newly formed company and later repaid it with interest. The High …

Swami Samarth Sugars and Agro Industries Ltd. (appellant) obtained an Industrial Entrepreneur Memorandum (IEM) in 2010 to set up a new sugar factory, which was challenged in multiple writ petitions on the grounds of aerial distance and environmental compliance. The High Court dismissed the petitions but held that the a…

The appellant, sister of the respondent, filed a suit for partition of ancestral lands (items 1 and 2 of Schedule ‘A’) and a self‑acquired land (item 3 of Schedule ‘A’) claiming a one‑fourth share in the former and a one‑half share in the latter. The trial court granted these shares and ordered specific performance of …

The plaintiffs filed a partition suit claiming a half‑share in the coparcenary property of the Kattukandi Edathil family, asserting that the first plaintiff was the legitimate son of Damodaran and Chiruthakutty. The defendants denied that a marriage existed between Damodaran and Chiruthakutty and contended that the pla…

Kotak Mahindra Bank sought recovery of a loan defaulted since 1986, invoking the SARFAESI Act after the debt had been assigned to it. The borrower, Narendra Jayantilal Trivedi, repeatedly filed various applications and a writ petition to stall the bank's recovery proceedings, which the Debt Recovery Tribunal and the Hi…

The petitioners, victims of Endosulfan pesticide use in Kerala's Kasargod district, sought enforcement of a Supreme Court order dated 10 January 2017 that directed the State Government to pay Rs 5 lakhs compensation to each affected person and to arrange medical facilities. Five years later, only eight petitioners had …

The appellant, Veerendra, a cousin of the victim’s mother, was found to have raped and strangled to death an eight‑year‑old girl, the daughter of his cousin sister. While in police custody he disclosed the location of the body, which was recovered from a dilapidated building. Post‑mortem and forensic reports confirmed …

The case concerned an appeal by Meena Devi, the wife of a murder victim, against the Allahabad High Court’s order granting bail to the convicted accused, Shivraj Singh alias Lalla Babu, under Section 439 of the Cr.P.C. The Supreme Court examined whether the High Court had exercised its discretionary power judiciously, …

The appellant, a consumer who booked a flat, obtained a decree from the Delhi State Consumer Redressal Forum directing possession and compensation, which was appealed to the National Consumer Disputes Redressal Commission (NCDRC) under Section 58(1)(a)(iii) of the Consumer Protection Act, 2019. The NCDRC upheld the Sta…

The appellant was married to the deceased who, within months of marriage, faced severe dowry harassment by him and his family, leading to a first suicide attempt and later a settlement that failed to stop the abuse. The wife eventually committed suicide by hanging, and the husband, his mother, and two brothers were cha…

The petitioners, a group of MBBS graduates who had participated in the NEET‑PG 2021 counselling process, filed a writ petition under Article 32 seeking the quashing of the National Board of Examinations' notification fixing the NEET‑PG 2022 exam for 21 May 2022, a postponement of the exam, a fresh date after eight week…

The appellants were appointed as lecturers in private Ayurvedic colleges between 1978 and 1979. When the Bihar Private Medical (Indian System of Medicine) College (Taking over) Act, 1985 came into force, the State took over the colleges and, via a 1986 notification, set a cut‑off date of 1 June 1986 for assessing the e…

The Jharkhand government advertised posts for Postgraduate Trained Teachers (PGTT) and Graduate Trained Teachers (GTT) in History (or History/Civics) requiring a degree in History as a whole. Several candidates possessed postgraduate or graduate degrees in specific branches of History such as Ancient History, Medieval …

The appellant, a wife, filed an application under Section 12 of the Protection of Women from Domestic Violence Act, 2005 in 2018 seeking protection under Sections 17 and 18. The respondent husband filed a petition under Section 482 of the CrPC to quash the proceedings, arguing that the application was barred by limitat…

The appellant was acquitted in 2010 of offences under Sections 148, 149, 448, 364 and 506 IPC arising from FIR No. 61/2002. In 2011 a second FIR was lodged alleging that the appellant and co‑accused caused the death of the informant's father, a matter discovered only after a skeleton was identified. The appellant sough…

The Lucknow Development Authority (LDA) had taken possession of a plot of land on 13 February 2003 under the Land Acquisition Act, 1894, and later deposited compensation in court under Section 30(2) of that Act. The High Court held that the acquisition was deemed to have lapsed under Section 24(2) of the Right to Fair …

The appellant, a workman dismissed from a bank in 1996, obtained a reinstatement award with back wages from the Central Government Industrial Tribunal (CGIT) dated 18 July 2007. The award was stayed by the High Court and only confirmed after the dismissal of writ appeals on 12 July 2013, after which the appellant was r…

The State of Uttar Pradesh recruited Gram Panchayat Adhikari (Group C) posts in 2015 under the Uttar Pradesh Direct Recruitment to Group ‘C’ Posts Rules, 2015, which required a written exam and interview, and appointed candidates in 2017. Unsuccessful candidates later invoked Rule 15 of the older 1978 Service Rules, cl…

The appellants' lands were acquired under the Land Acquisition Act, 1894 for a gas compressor station, with compensation awarded at Rs. 69 per square metre. They challenged the acquisition and award in a writ petition, which the High Court dismissed on 7 August 2012 but reserved liberty to seek enhanced compensation. A…

The appellants, including Checkmate Services Pvt. Ltd., deposited employees' EPF and ESI contributions after the statutory due dates and claimed deductions under s.36(1)(va) of the Income Tax Act, 1961. The Assessing Officer disallowed the deduction, holding that the amounts constituted "income" under s.2(24)(x) and we…

The husband (Appellant No.1) and his mother-in-law were convicted under IPC sections 498A (dowry harassment) and 306 (abetment of suicide) for the death of Dr. Amali Victoria, who allegedly suffered mental torture and was compelled to have a child, leading to her suicide in 2014. The prosecution's case relied mainly on…

The appellant, a former District Manager, challenged a High Court order that directed the magistrate to order further investigation into his alleged role in the misappropriation of foodgrains, despite the magistrate having taken cognizance only against a lower‑level employee. The Supreme Court examined whether the High…

The appellant, a defendant in a 2004 suit for specific performance, filed a counter‑claim on 7 September 2018, well after his written statement but before the suit's issues were framed. The Single Judge of the Bombay High Court allowed the counter‑claim on 2 May 2019 to avoid multiplicity of proceedings. The Division B…

The lands were acquired for BPCL under the Jammu & Kashmir Land Acquisition Act, 1990. The landowners challenged the acquisition and, after the 1990 Act was repealed, sought compensation under the Right to Fair Compensation and Transparency in Land Acquisition, Rehabilitation and Resettlement Act, 2013 (the 2013 Act). …

The appellant, who owned a one‑acre wetland, entered into a 1989 agreement to sell the land to the respondent for Rs 6,50,000, with a six‑month completion clause. The respondent repeatedly notified the appellant to perform, demonstrated his readiness and willingness, and filed a suit for specific performance in 1993. T…

In an encounter on 15.11.2021, the appellant's son was killed and buried by the authorities. The appellant sought exhumation of the body to perform Islamic last rites, and a single judge of the Jammu & Kashmir High Court ordered disinterment. The Union Territory appealed, and the High Court modified the order, allowing…

The plaintiff filed a suit for specific performance of an alleged 1993 agreement to sell land, after an earlier suit for declaration was withdrawn without liberty to re‑file. The plaintiff’s plaint stated that no litigation was pending concerning the agreement, while the earlier suit and its withdrawal were not disclos…

Vinod Katara, convicted to life imprisonment for murder in 1982, later claimed he was a juvenile at the time of the offence based on a medical board report and a Family Register showing a birth year of 1968. He filed a writ petition under Article 32 seeking relief under Section 7A of the Juvenile Justice (Care and Prot…

The father of a 17‑year‑old girl who delivered a baby and then committed suicide filed an FIR alleging rape under IPC s.376 and the POCSO Act against Amit Kumar Tiwari. The Special Judge framed charges, but the accused obtained a criminal revision under CrPC s.397/401 and the High Court discharged him on the basis of a…

The Foundation of Independent Financial Advisors (FIFA) sought payment of trail commission for mutual fund distributors for the period after 23 April 2020, arguing that the commission was a recurring expense under SEBI Regulation 52 and therefore "due and payable" under the scheme. The respondents, Franklin Templeton T…

The appellant, Shambhu Kharwar, was accused by a woman (the second respondent) of raping her under Section 376 of the IPC, alleging that he had promised to marry her and then broke that promise, leading her to file a complaint. The woman had been in a consensual relationship with the appellant from 2013 to 2017, marrie…

Asian Hotels (North) Ltd., the licensor, granted individual shop licenses to various shopkeepers, including the respondents, and later revoked those licenses. The respondents filed suits seeking a declaration that their licenses were irrevocable and perpetual. While the suits were pending, they applied to amend their p…