ABHAY MANOHAR SAPRE

The appeal concerned a dispute over entries of mutation in revenue records for a piece of land. The petitioners challenged the mutation, arguing it affected their title, while the respondents contended that mutation merely enabled payment of land revenue. The Supreme Court reiterated its earlier rulings that mutation i…

The plaintiff filed a suit for specific performance of a contract dated 08‑08‑1984, which the trial court decreed in his favour. The first appellate court reversed that decree, dismissing the suit, and the plaintiff appealed to the High Court. The High Court dismissed the second appeal, holding that it did not raise an…

The appellant, N. Sankaranarayanan, filed a writ petition under Article 226 of the Constitution seeking a mandamus against the Tamil Nadu Housing Board and other authorities to restrain his family members (respondent Nos. 2 and 3) from operating a petrol pump and a marriage hall on a piece of land that was the subject …

The dispute concerned a lease of land in Bombay where Shree Krishna Woolen Mills, the lessee, sued Mahadev Kambekar (representing the lessor) for specific performance of the lease deed. The lessor filed a counter‑claim seeking eviction of the lessee and recovery of rent, which a Single Judge allowed along with the plai…

The respondent, Ghanshyam Sharma, worked as a casual helper for Management, Hindustan Machine Tools Ltd. from 10 June 1976 to 30 July 1977 and was terminated by an oral order on 31 July 1977. The termination gave rise to an industrial dispute that was referred to the Labour Court, which awarded reinstatement with conti…

The State of Kerala prosecuted eight accused, including Rasheed, for the murder of Satheesan. During trial, the defence counsel for accused No.2 sought to defer the cross‑examination of five prosecution witnesses under Section 231(2) of the Cr.P.C., arguing that it would reveal its strategy. The trial court dismissed t…

The complainant alleged that three doctors were negligent, leading to his wife's death, and that the Inquiry Committee of the West Bengal Medical Council deliberately ignored expert reports to shield the doctors. He filed a criminal complaint against the Committee members under IPC sections 201, 120B and 219, claiming …

The appellant, a landlady, sought eviction of her tenant under Section 9 of the Rajasthan Rent Control Act, claiming a bona‑fide need to use the premises for construction for her children and guests. The Rent Tribunal dismissed the petition, holding the landlady could meet her need elsewhere, but the Rent Appellate Tri…

S. Mahesh, a Scheduled Caste candidate, was appointed by Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd. (NLC) but could not produce his original caste certificate. He informed the corporation and asked to be treated as a general‑category candidate; the corporation accepted, allowed him to join service and later promoted him. Years l…

The appellant, Munni @ Syed Akbar, was convicted for murdering his wife Gulsara Banu by strangulation using a cable wire, and also for offences under Sections 498A and 201 of the Indian Penal Code. Post‑mortem examination and a Forensic Science Laboratory report established asphyxia by strangulation and ligature marks …

The landlady Dhiankaur filed eviction proceedings against tenant Prem Pal Sran under the East Punjab Urban Rent Restriction Act, 1949, alleging arrears of rent from December 1994. The Rent Controller and the Appellate Authority both held that the agreed rent was Rs.1,500 per month and that the tenant was in arrears for…

The State of Bihar amended its judicial service rules in 2009 to introduce reservation for various backward classes, but the High Court quashed the amendments on the ground that the State had not undertaken the constitutionally mandated consultation with the High Court under Articles 233 and 234. The Supreme Court affi…

The respondents, seven accused persons, were charged with murder and several other offences for the killing of Sumit Kumar. Their bail applications were rejected by the Sessions Court but were later granted by the Allahabad High Court without recording any reasons. The complainant, father of the deceased, appealed to t…

The appellant, Rupa Roy, and her 10‑year‑old son were injured when a high‑speed van collided with their rickshaw van, leaving the son with a medically certified 70% permanent disability. She filed a claim under Section 166 of the Motor Vehicles Act, 1988 and the Motor Accident Claims Tribunal awarded a compensation of …

The appellants, prospective buyers, entered into an agreement to purchase a 9,500‑sq‑yard plot with two godowns for Rs 99,84,500 and reported the transaction under s.269UC of the Income Tax Act. The Income Tax Department’s appropriate authority, after a valuation showing the market value to be about 15% higher than the…

The State of Haryana filed a second appeal against a judgment that declared a Gram Panchayat the owner of a 36-kanal piece of land. The High Court dismissed the appeal in limine, holding that it did not raise a substantial question of law under Section 100 of the Code of Civil Procedure. The Supreme Court held that the…

The case arose from a street fight between two families on 15 June 2001, during which the appellant Jagdish, armed with a lathi, struck the deceased Zile Singh, leading to his death, and caused injuries to three others. Jagdish was convicted by the Sessions Court under Section 304 Part II and Section 323 of the Indian …

The police stopped a jeep at a check post in Pithoragarh and, after offering to search and in the presence of a gazetted officer and a magistrate, seized 2.1 kg of charas from a boy identified as Mahiman Singh, constituting a commercial quantity under the NDPS Act. He was charged under Section 20 of the NDPS Act, convi…

The State of Haryana charged Hussain and another accused with house‑breaking, theft and causing death under IPC sections 380, 457 and 460 after a night raid that resulted in the death of the complainant's husband. The trial court convicted both accused and sentenced them to rigorous imprisonment. On appeal, the High Co…

M/s. Sundaram Finance Ltd., a hire‑purchase financier, sued Noorjahan Beevi and her husband for the balance of Rs.40,138 after seizing and selling a financed vehicle. The borrowers defaulted on the instalment payment on 20 May 1984, after which the financier seized the vehicle on 9 February 1985 and sold it on 30 May 1…

The appellant Raju Devade was convicted of murder under Section 302 IPC for allegedly pouring kerosene on an 18‑year‑old girl (Baby) and setting her ablaze. The prosecution relied on the victim’s oral statement to the police and two dying declarations recorded by an Executive Magistrate in question‑answer form, both be…

The State of Rajasthan appealed the acquittal of Jag Raj Singh (alias Hansa) for possession of opium recovered from a jeep. The Supreme Court examined whether the police complied with the mandatory provisions of Sections 42(1) and 42(2) of the NDPS Act when they acted on secret information and conducted the search. It …

Leisure Wear Exports Ltd. (the respondent) purchased an open marine cargo insurance policy from United India Insurance Co. Ltd. (the appellant) and later suffered loss of goods during transit to Moscow. The loss was reported, and the consignee (M/s Magna Overseas) authorized the respondent to file a claim. The responde…

The appellant was convicted under Section 21 of the NDPS Act for possession of 250 grams of heroin seized during a raid by N.C.B. officers at his residence. The raid was led by a gazetted officer, and the appellant was offered in writing a choice to be searched by a gazetted officer or a magistrate, to which he consent…

Kalidas Chunnilal Patel, deceased and represented by his legal heirs, sued his tenant Ranchhodbhai Govindbhai for arrears of rent, notice charges, mesne profits and eviction on the ground of bona‑fide personal need. During the suit, a government notification brought the Bombay Rents (Hotel and Lodging House) Rates Cont…

The appellant, Praful Sudhakar Parab, a pay‑sheet clerk in the Maharashtra police, lured his colleague, Senior Clerk Prabhudas Narayan Raut, to the office on 7 December 1996 and the victim never returned. The victim’s wife and son testified that they saw the accused and the victim leave together after 9 p.m., and the a…

M/s Emm Enn Associates (contractor) completed a security‑fencing contract for the Government in July 2000 and received payment on 10 April 2001 for the undisputed portion of the final bill. The contract provided a two‑year defect‑liability period for the Government to recover any over‑payment, but the contractor later …

The Union of India filed a title suit claiming ownership of a plot of land, which the trial court dismissed on limitation and lack of evidence. The Union appealed under Section 96 of the CPC, also seeking to file additional evidence via Order 41 Rule 27, but the High Court dismissed the appeal in limine and rejected th…

Sunil Kumar Biswas and four other employees had worked for the Ordinance Factory Board for 25 years and sought regularisation of their services. They filed an original application before the Central Administrative Tribunal (CAT), which dismissed their claim, leading them to file a writ petition in the Calcutta High Cou…

The Union of India appealed against a High Court order that had upheld the jurisdiction of the Special Director (Appeals) under FEMA to hear appeals against an adjudication order passed under Section 51 of the repealed FERA. The adjudication order, dated 5 December 2003, imposed a penalty on Godrej Industries Ltd. and …

The appellant was convicted by a Judicial Magistrate under Section 138 of the Negotiable Instruments Act for a cheque bounce, and sentenced to two months' imprisonment and a compensation of Rs. 3 lakh. The appellant appealed, and the appellate court set aside the conviction, remanding the matter to the magistrate for f…

Rajinder Tiwari filed a civil suit seeking a permanent injunction against Kedar Nath (deceased) over a property. The trial court denied the defendant the opportunity to file a written statement, barred him from presenting documentary evidence, and decreed the injunction in favour of the plaintiff. The defendant appeale…

The Supreme Court examined six civil appeals arising from a batch of second appeals filed under Section 100 of the Code of Civil Procedure. The Punjab & Haryana High Court had allowed the second appeals and altered the findings of the first appellate court without first framing any substantial question of law, as requi…

The appellants, Shiv Shankar Prasad Singh and Ramdeo Prasad, were officials/contractor handling urea bags for the Food Corporation of India. They were alleged to have conspired to misappropriate a total of 1,040 bags of urea and to falsify gate‑register, ‘G’‑Form and ‘O’‑Form entries to show that 500 bags had been deli…

The appellant Satya Raj Singh was convicted for murder under Sections 302 and 34 of the Indian Penal Code, based on eyewitness testimony that he stabbed the deceased on the neck with a knife. He challenged the conviction on the grounds that the trial courts erred in accepting the eye‑witnesses' statements and that the …

The landlord, Shri Ram Lal, let a portion of his house to Dr. H.K. Sharma under a tenancy agreement dated 22 July 1985. In 2008 the landlord filed an eviction application under Section 21(1)(a) of the Uttar Pradesh Urban Buildings (Regulation of Letting, Rent and Eviction) Act, 1972, claiming bona‑fide need for the pre…

The plaintiffs filed a suit for specific performance of a 1979 agreement to purchase a property from defendant Amar Nath, alleging they had paid earnest money and were ready to perform, but Amar Nath sold the property to other defendants at a higher price. The trial court dismissed the suit on the ground that Amar Nath…

The appellant, a Municipal Corporation of Delhi employee, was accused of demanding a bribe of Rs.1,500 for issuing a licence. The CBI organised a trap involving the complainant, a shadow witness and a middle‑man who handed over the money, after which it was recovered. The trial court and the Delhi High Court convicted …

The petitioners were temporarily appointed as Assistant Executive Engineers by direct recruitment on 18‑April‑1992 and were placed on probation for two years within a continuous period of three years under Rule 6(2) of the Andhra Pradesh Engineering Service Rules, 1967. They were required to pass the Account test withi…

The State of Madhya Pradesh prosecuted nine accused for the death of Rajesh, who was shot in the left thigh during a dispute over cattle and crop damage. The trial court convicted all under sections 302/149, 325/149, 147, 148 and 440 IPC, but the High Court acquitted eight of them, retaining only a conviction of accuse…

The Revenue (Commissioner of Income Tax) appealed an ITAT order that had allowed the assessee, M/s Rashtadrood (HUF), under Section 260A of the Income Tax Act, 1961. The High Court dismissed the appeal after hearing both parties but neither framed any substantial question of law nor provided reasons for its conclusion.…

The appellant, Ramvir, was charged along with five others for surrounding a victim and firing shots that led to the victim's death. The Sessions Court acquitted all six accused of offences under Sections 148 and 149 of the Indian Penal Code (IPC) but convicted Ramvir under Section 302 IPC for murder. The State did not …

The dispute arose from an eviction suit where the parties compromised, obligating the defendants to vacate the premises by a specified date and pay mesne profits for delay. The defendants failed to vacate, prompting the plaintiff to file an execution application which the executing court dismissed the defendants' objec…

The Central Board of Trustees (CBT) issued summons under the Employees Provident Fund and Miscellaneous Provisions Act, 1952, directing M/s Indore Composite Pvt. Ltd. to pay outstanding provident fund contributions for 2005-06 and later ordered damages under Section 14B. The EPF Appellate Tribunal set aside the damages…

The appellant, a co‑owner of a parcel of land that fell to him after his father's death, discovered in 1983 that the respondents, his brothers, had encroached upon 1 gunta of his share. He measured the land, obtained knowledge of the encroachment and filed a suit in 1992 for declaration of title and injunction. The res…

N. Ramamurthy was convicted under several IPC provisions and the Prevention of Corruption Act and sentenced to multiple terms, the trial court directing that all sentences run concurrently, resulting in a maximum imprisonment of seven years. He filed applications under Section 389 of the CrPC seeking suspension of the …

The Tamil Nadu State allotted a parcel of land to an Agricultural Horticultural Society in 1980 under certain conditions. In 1989 the State resumed the land under clause 4 of the allotment order, citing a public purpose of developing sports facilities and horticultural research. The Society challenged the resumption by…

The State of Rajasthan (CTO) challenged the tax rate applied by M/s Prasoon Enterprises on mobile crane wire ropes, arguing that the ropes should be taxed at 12.5% under the residuary entry of Schedule V of the Rajasthan Value Added Tax Act, 2003. The respondent contended that the ropes are parts of mobile cranes and t…

The appellant was convicted by the Sessions Court and the High Court for rape under Section 376 of the Indian Penal Code based on the complaint of PW‑3, who alleged that the appellant entered her house at night, threatened her with a pistol and raped her. The trial court relied on the testimony of three prosecution wit…

The Supreme Court examined whether retired railway employees who had withdrawn their full superannuation benefits, including provident fund, and were later re‑employed on a retainer basis by a private limited company could be treated as “excluded employees” under Paragraph 2(f)(i) of the Employees’ Provident Fund Schem…

The suit concerned a parcel of urban land that had been subjected to ceiling proceedings under the Urban Land (Ceiling and Regulation) Act, 1976 and subsequently vested in the State, which later leased it to Apollo Gleneagles Hospitals for 30 years. The plaintiffs (Respondent Nos. 1‑7) filed a civil suit seeking declar…

The case arose from the beating of Hariya on 30 August 1990 by five persons, including Pooranlal and Gaya Prasad, who later died after 14 days of injuries. The trial court acquitted all five accused, but the High Court set aside the acquittal of Pooranlal and Gaya Prasad, convicting them under Section 304 Part II read …

The plaintiff, a landlord, sued the tenant for arrears of rent and eviction of a shop premises under the Assam Urban Areas Rent Control Act. The trial court held that the tenant was indeed the plaintiff's tenant but found no default in rent payment, leading to dismissal of the suit. On appeal, the first appellate court…

The State of Kerala appealed a High Court order that had allowed landowners (respondents) to claim exemption from vesting of their land under the Kerala Private Forests (Vesting and Assignment) Act, 1971. The dispute centered on whether the land was acquired by the respondents before the appointed day of 10 May 1971 an…

The State of Kerala challenged the exemption granted by a Forest Tribunal to landowners (Joseph & others) over 14 acres of private forest, arguing that the land should vest in the State under the Kerala Private Forests (Vesting and Assignment) Act, 1971. The Tribunal had held that the owners' title pre‑dated the appoin…

Vilasini, a woman living below the poverty line, was convicted under Section 8(1) and (2) of the Kerala Abkari (Amended) Act, 1997 for possessing three litres of arrack. The trial court sentenced her to six months of rigorous imprisonment and a fine of Rs 1 lakh, with a default three‑month simple imprisonment for non‑p…

The Supreme Court examined whether the continuous humiliation and taunting of an 18‑year‑old girl by her relatives amounted to abetment of suicide under Section 306 read with Section 34 of the IPC. The Court held that the accused’s repeated insults, aimed at destroying the victim’s self‑esteem, constituted instigation …

Prashanti Medical Services & Research Foundation, a charitable trust, obtained approval for its heart hospital project under Section 35AC of the Income Tax Act, enabling donors to claim tax deductions for contributions. After receiving large donations in 2015-16 and 2016-17, the Finance Act, 2016 inserted sub‑section (…

The case arose from a sale deed executed in 1965 by defendant No.3, the Karta of the family, transferring a family house to Bansilal. After Bansilal's death, defendants No.1 and No.2 inherited the property and obtained a decree in 1975 confirming their title. The sisters of defendant No.3 later filed a suit claiming th…

The Union of India issued an order on 30 June 2016 concerning an exploration licence, which was challenged by a writ petition (W.P. No.5734 of 2016). The Delhi High Court set aside that order, not on the merits, but because the counsel for the Union had made a statement that was later disclosed to be based on incorrect…

Ramesh Sanka, a former CEO of a limited company (Respondent No.12), filed a writ petition under Article 32 of the Constitution seeking a mandamus directing the CBI to investigate alleged financial irregularities of the company and its associates. The petitioner claimed the company had contravened various statutes and c…

The Officer in Charge of the Sub‑Regional Provident Fund Office issued a show‑cause notice to M/s Godavari Garments Ltd, a government‑owned garment manufacturer, demanding payment of Employees’ Provident Fund (EPF) contributions for women workers who stitched garments at their homes on a piece‑rate basis. The Bombay Hi…

The plaintiff purchased a plot from a housing cooperative society by a registered sale deed dated 29‑12‑1981 and was placed in possession. The defendant later encroached on the land and erected a hut, prompting the plaintiff to sue for possession and mesne profits. The trial court and first appellate court dismissed th…

The Jharkhand State Housing Board allotted 192 flats to Ranchi University for its employees. The University was to pay 10% upfront and the balance in 180 installments, but defaulted, leading the Board to cancel the allotment and re‑allocate some flats to retired employees on the University's request. The University lat…

The case arose from a fall of a guest from the terrace of the Hyatt Regency hotel in Delhi, leading to charges under Sections 336, 338 IPC read with Section 32 and Section 4 of the COTPA 2003 against the hotel company, its Managing Director (Shiv Kumar Jatia) and its General Manager (Aseem Kapoor). The High Court refus…

The appellant, successor to Shri Bona Menezes, applied for occupancy rights over 3.07 acres of Survey No.119/2A1 under the Karnataka Land Reforms Act, 1961. The landlord contended that the land was ‘Punja’ (non‑cultivable) and not subject to tenancy. The Land Tribunal, after spot inspection, held that the parcel was us…

An oil tanker collided with a car driven by Rajpal Singh Johal, killing him and injuring his family. The claimants (his parents, wife, and children) sought compensation under the Motor Vehicles Act, 1988, while the insurer challenged the quantum of award and the interest rate. The Motor Accident Claims Tribunal initial…

Gujarat State Fertilizers & Chemicals Ltd (GSFC) and Gujarat Alkalies & Chemical Ltd (GACL), both public sector undertakings, receive hydrocyanic acid (HCN) from Reliance Industries Ltd through a common pipeline and share the raw material in a 60:40 ratio. To handle the HCN, handling and incineration facilities were in…

The Supreme Court examined the validity of a 27 April 2018 notification issued under Section 26A of the Drugs and Cosmetics Act that restricted the domestic manufacture of oxytocin to public‑sector undertakings, excluding private manufacturers, while allowing export by both sectors. The petitioners (Union of India) arg…

The appellant, a bus driver for the Karnataka State Road Transport Corporation, collided with a railway level‑crossing gate on 3 August 2006, breaking it. He was convicted under Section 160(2) of the Railways Act, 1989 and sentenced to six months' simple imprisonment by the trial court, a decision affirmed by the appel…

The case concerned the promotion of thousands of Junior Telecommunication Officers (Junior Engineers) to Assistant Engineer posts and whether seniority for promotion should be based on the order of passing a departmental qualifying examination or the order of recruitment/entry. Earlier Supreme Court decisions had given…

The Rajasthan State Road Transport Corporation dismissed driver Phool Chand for dereliction of duties. The Labour Court set aside the dismissal, modified the punishment, reinstated him and ordered full back wages for 13 years, a decision upheld by the High Court. The Supreme Court held that back wages are not a matter …

The employee M.L. Singla was dismissed by Punjab National Bank after a domestic enquiry that found him guilty of consuming liquor on duty and causing a cash shortage. He challenged the dismissal before the Labour Court, which set aside the dismissal and awarded 50% back wages, but the High Court reversed that award and…

The plaintiffs filed a civil suit in 1978 seeking declaration of title, a permanent injunction and possession of a property that had been attached by a City Magistrate on 23‑12‑1966. The trial court held the suit was within the limitation period and decreed in favour of the plaintiffs. The High Court reversed this, hol…

The appellants filed a suit for cancellation of a sale deed which was dismissed by the trial court and affirmed by two appellate courts. The parties later compromised, and the High Court disposed of the second appeal on that compromise. Defendant No.2 challenged the validity of the compromise, but the High Court dismis…

The Una Nagar Palika (municipality) refused to grant pension benefits to five former employees who had retired after more than ten years of service and were members of the Gujarat Government Pension Scheme (GPF). The employees filed petitions in the Gujarat High Court, which directed the municipality to pay the pension…

The State of Jharkhand's Public Health and Engineering Department dismissed 37 daily‑wage employees, prompting a reference under Section 10 of the Industrial Disputes Act to the Labour Court, which set aside the dismissals, ordered reinstatement and directed payment of full back wages. The employer challenged this awar…

The claimant, Sudarsan Puhan, suffered paraplegia after a motorcycle accident and obtained a compensation award of Rs.24,62,065 from the Motor Accident Claims Tribunal under the Motor Vehicles Act, 1988. Both the claimant and the insurer appealed to the Orissa High Court; the insurer's appeal was partially allowed, red…

M/S Natesan Agencies (a partnership firm) leased 197.36 acres of land from a Mutt for plantation. The land was included in a wildlife sanctuary by a notification under Section 18 of the Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972 in 1976, after which a second 25‑year lease was purportedly executed in 1978. The State later excluded…

A blast in the factory of M/s Kee Pharma Private Limited in Gurgaon on 27 June 1996 caused a stampede that killed seven workers. An FIR was lodged against the company’s shareholders/directors under Section 302 of the IPC, and the accused sought to quash the FIR by invoking Section 482 of the CrPC. The High Court partia…

Savatrm Rampratap Mills, a government-owned textile mill located in Akola, issued notices under the Public Premises (Eviction of Unauthorized Occupants) Act, 1971 to evict an alleged unauthorized occupant, directing the occupant to appear for proceedings in Mumbai. The occupant challenged the notices, arguing that sinc…

The Food Corporation of India (FCI) employed 955 workers at its Chennai branch and disputed whether they were its employees or contract labourers hired through a cooperative society. The workers' union claimed they were permanent employees entitled to regularisation under the Industrial Disputes Act, 1947. The matter w…

The appellants, who worked as clerical staff in the premises of the Food Corporation of India (FCI) since 1997, filed writ petitions seeking regularisation and absorption as FCI employees. FCI contended that the appellants were appointed by the Head Load Workers Co‑operative Society and not by FCI, thus no employer‑emp…

The Food Corporation of India (FCI) was directed by an Industrial Tribunal in Chennai to regularise its workers after abolishing the contract labour system, an award that the Supreme Court later upheld. The workers' union filed writ petitions seeking a mandamus to extend the same regularisation benefits to employees wo…

The case concerned a sale of ancestral land by the father (Pritam Singh), who was the Karta of the Hindu joint family, to Tara Singh and Ajit Singh. The son, Kehar Singh, challenged the sale alleging that the father had no right to alienate the property without his consent and that there was no legal necessity. The def…

The Currency Note Press, a government-owned corporation, was sued by 17 former employees who claimed overtime wages for work done between 1986 and 1990 under Section 33-C(2) of the Industrial Disputes Act, 1947. The Labour Court dismissed their applications, but the Bombay High Court set aside that order and granted th…

The appellant, a government bus driver, was accused of driving negligently on 24 February 2001, causing a collision that killed four persons and injured three. The trial court, appellate court, and High Court convicted him under IPC sections 279, 337 (three counts) and 304A (four counts) based on consistent eyewitness …

The State of Madhya Pradesh prosecuted Suresh for the fatal assault on his father, resulting in death and a charge of culpable homicide not amounting to murder under Section 304 Part II IPC, along with a false information charge under Section 201 IPC. The Trial Court convicted Suresh under Section 304 Part II and sente…

The appellant, a house owner, was charged with electricity theft after BSES issued a bill of Rs.97,786 and filed a criminal case. The parties settled the dispute in a Permanent Lok Adalat, agreeing that the appellant would pay Rs.83,120 as full and final settlement, which he duly paid. Despite the settlement, BSES late…

Treaty Construction built a residential‑commercial project whose flats were purchased by members who formed the Ruby Tower Co‑op Housing Society. The society alleged that the builder failed to complete interior works, did not obtain a Completion or Occupancy Certificate, and collected excess possession charges, seeking…

Skilled workers at the Western Base Workshop, GREF, Pathankot alleged that they were paid less than the minimum wages prescribed under the Minimum Wages Act, 1948. They filed applications under Section 20(3) of the Act, and the Specified Authority ordered the Union of India to pay each worker the wage shortfall of Rs.4…

Private tour operators (PTOs) filed writ petitions under Article 32 seeking a mandamus directing the Union of India to accept their applications for registration as PTOs for the 2016‑17 Hajj tours and to grant them a right of first registration. The petitioners feared that their pending applications would be rejected w…

The plaintiff filed a civil suit for declaration of title, possession and permanent injunction, which the trial court dismissed. The first appeal was allowed, overturning the trial court's decision. The defendant then filed a second appeal under Section 100 of the CPC, and the High Court set aside the first appellate j…

Six food stall owners on Bandra Station Road were operating without permission of the Municipal Commissioner and had erected their stalls on a public sewer line, causing obstruction. The Municipal Corporation removed the stalls on 26 May 2016 under Section 314(1) of the Mumbai Municipal Corporation Act, 1888, and the o…

The appellant Rajinder Singh was convicted for the murder of Suraj Mal and Shri Ram and for violating Section 27 of the Arms Act after a violent altercation following a Holi celebration. The incident involved a quarrel between a juvenile and another party, after which the appellant allegedly fired his licensed double‑b…

The appellants, legal representatives of a deceased landowner, sought to challenge the compensation awarded under the Land Acquisition Act, 1894, after their reference application under Section 18 was dismissed as time‑barred. They argued that, despite the dismissal, they were entitled to file an application under Sect…

The State of Maharashtra acquired 26,554.39 hectares of agricultural land for the Mukane Dam project, classifying it as Jirayat, Bagayat and Pot Kharab. The Land Acquisition Officer initially fixed compensation rates, which were partly enhanced by a Civil Court under Section 18 of the Land Acquisition Act, 1894. The St…

The case concerned the termination of an assistant teacher (respondent No.1) from a private school run by a trust under the Bombay Public Trust Act. The teacher was served with a charge‑sheet of 17 serious allegations under the Maharashtra Employees of Private Schools (Conditions of Service) Regulation Act, and an inqu…

The landlord (appellant) owned eight shops and sought eviction of tenants, including the respondent, under the Kerala Buildings (Lease and Rent Control) Act, 1965 on the ground of bona‑fide need. After a protracted litigation spanning more than a decade, the trial court finally passed an eviction order, which was execu…

The State of Rajasthan appealed the acquittal of Firoz Khan, who was charged with murdering an 11‑year‑old girl under Section 302 IPC. The Sessions Court had acquitted him on the basis of a benefit of doubt. The State filed an application for leave to appeal under Section 378(3) of the Criminal Procedure Code, but the …

The Chamoli District Co-operative Bank dismissed its Branch Manager, Raghunath Singh Rana, after issuing a fresh charge‑sheet in 1993 without conducting a disciplinary inquiry as required by Regulation 85 of the Uttar Pradesh Co‑operative Societies Employees Service Regulations, 1975. The employee challenged the dismis…

Mahesh Jogi was convicted for an offence committed on 20 January 1985 when he was 17 years and 4 months old. The conviction and sentence were imposed before the Juvenile Justice (Care and Protection of Children) Act, 2000 came into force. The Supreme Court was asked to determine whether Jogi qualified as a juvenile und…

The petitioner, convicted under Section 302 of the IPC for a murder committed on 18 June 1997, claimed that he was only 17 years old at the time of the offence and therefore entitled to the benefits of the Juvenile Justice (Care and Protection of Children) Act, 2000. The Supreme Court examined documentary and oral evid…

Santosh Kumar was convicted under Section 55(a) of the Kerala Abkari Act for the illegal seizure of spirit, along with two co‑accused, and was sentenced by the Sessions Court to five years of rigorous imprisonment and a fine of Rs.1 lakh. The Kerala High Court upheld the conviction but reduced the imprisonment term to …

The claimants, the wife and two minor children of a deceased bus passenger, filed a claim petition under Section 166 of the Motor Vehicles Act, 1988 against the insurer, driver and owner of the offending truck, seeking compensation for death. The Motor Accident Claims Tribunal dismissed the petition on the ground that …

The landowners' property was acquired by the State for NTPC's benefit, and the Land Acquisition Officer initially offered Rs.3,87,383 per bigha as compensation. The owners sought a reference under Section 18 of the Land Acquisition Act, and the Reference Court enhanced the compensation to Rs.5,00,000 per bigha. The Sta…

The Commissioner of Income Tax appealed a decision of the High Court that had dismissed the appeal against an addition of Rs.1,70,94,000 made under section 148 of the Income Tax Act. The Supreme Court examined whether the High Court complied with the mandatory procedure of section 260-A, which requires the court to fra…

The appellant, mother of a woman who died in Nigeria, sought to summon Dr. I. Yusuf, the pathologist who performed the first post‑mortem, under Section 311 of the CrPC, either through the Nigerian High Commission or by video‑conferencing. The trial court rejected the application, citing the case's long pendency, and th…

The appellant, Sobha Singh & Sons Pvt Ltd, a landlord, obtained a consent order on 1 June 2012 in a suit for eviction of the respondent, the legal representative of the deceased tenant. The respondent failed to vacate the suit house despite extensions and the appellant filed an execution petition. The respondent challe…

The appellant filed a criminal complaint under Sections 323, 327, 379 read with Section 34 of the IPC alleging assault and theft by the respondents, who were also parties to a pending civil landlord‑tenant dispute. The Judicial Magistrate took cognizance of the complaint, but the High Court quashed it on the ground tha…

The father (Ashok Kumar Mehra) and son (Kushwant Kumar Mehra) were convicted of murder under IPC s.302/34 by the High Court, overturning an earlier acquittal. The son was 17 years and 5 months old at the time of the offence (born 14‑06‑1980, offence on 04‑01‑1998) and raised a plea of juvenility for the first time befo…

The accused persons (respondent Nos. 2‑4) were charged with offences under Sections 307, 323, 325, 336 and 341 read with Section 34 of the Indian Penal Code. They contended that the two medical reports filed by the prosecution did not establish a case under Section 307, and the trial court discharged them from that cha…

Harveer Singh and another were acquitted by a Judicial Magistrate of offences under Sections 323, 324, 452, 504 and 506 IPC. The State appealed, and the Appellate Court convicted them on three of those sections, imposing rigorous imprisonment and fines. The convicts filed a criminal revision before the Allahabad High C…

The prosecution, in a trial for three accused under the IPC and Arms Act, sought to summon eight additional persons under Section 319 of the Code of Criminal Procedure based on a witness statement that eleven persons were involved. The trial court summoned only one of the eight and dismissed the rest; the High Court af…

The State of Gujarat appealed a Gujarat High Court order that, under Section 482 of the CrPC, quashed an FIR in part for serious offences of dacoity (IPC ss. 392, 395, 397) while upholding it for lesser offences. The Supreme Court held that the High Court erred in exercising its inherent powers to quash the FIR at a pr…

The appellants, heirs of Kaihosrou (Chick) Kavasji Framji, claimed ownership of a 1.52‑acre property in Pune that had been leased to the Government and later requisitioned. The Union of India, asserting title, issued a notice under Section 4 of the Public Premises (Eviction of Unauthorized Occupants) Act, 1971, seeking…

The suit land in Sirsa, Haryana was subject to ceiling proceedings under the Haryana Ceiling on Land Holdings Act, 1972, and the prescribed authority issued an order on 17 October 1978. Two separate civil suits were filed challenging the legality of that order and seeking its declaration as null and void. The High Cour…

The appellant, Rohitbhai Jivanlal Patel, issued seven post‑dated cheques of Rs.3 lakh each to the complainant, which were later dishonoured for insufficient funds or a closed account. The trial court acquitted him, holding that the complainant had not proved the existence of a legally enforceable debt, but the High Cou…

The All India Trade Union Congress and affiliated unions filed a writ petition seeking regularisation and statutory benefits for casual workers employed by the Border Roads Organisation (BRO) in Uttarakhand. The High Court initially granted the petition and, on appeal, directed the Union of India to frame a detailed sc…

The Income Tax Department appealed against a High Court order that dismissed its challenge to the applicability of Section 35-D of the Income Tax Act, 1961 to Yes Bank Ltd. The core issue was whether Yes Bank, as an industrial undertaking, could claim the deduction under Section 35-D for the assessment year 2007-2008. …

Mehboob-ur-Rehman filed a suit for specific performance of a 1975 agreement to sell a house, alleging the defendant failed to obtain required land‑ceiling permission. The trial court decreed in his favour, but the first appellate court reversed, holding the plaintiff had not shown continuous readiness and willingness t…

Madan Mohan filed an application under Section 193 CrPC seeking the summoning of Ashish Meena and Vimal Meena as accused in a case already pending against two other persons. The Sessions Judge issued non‑bailable warrants against the two respondents. They filed a revision under Section 197 CrPC in the High Court, but t…

The Assistant Provident Fund Commissioner issued a notice under Section 7A of the Employees' Provident Funds and Miscellaneous Provisions Act, 1952, demanding that the Uttar Pradesh State Warehousing Corporation pay EPF contributions for 159 workers who performed loading and unloading in its godowns through contractors…

The State of Rajasthan challenged a civil suit in which Shiv Dayal, the mining lessee, obtained a permanent injunction restraining the State from interfering with mining on land he claimed was revenue land, not forest land. The trial court and the first appellate court upheld the injunction. The High Court dismissed th…

The Himachal Pradesh government acquired 18-15 bighas of land for a road project after taking possession in 1988. The Land Acquisition Officer fixed rates based on land classification, but the Reference Court later fixed a uniform compensation of Rs 7 lakhs per bigha relying on a sale deed (Ex.PW‑1/A) of only one biswa…

The State of Punjab acquired 14.49 acres of land in nine villages for the Satluj‑Yamuna canal project. The Land Acquisition Officer fixed compensation rates, which were enhanced by the Civil Court and subsequently by the Punjab & Haryana High Court, the latter relying on the lead judgment in Hari Singh v. State of Punj…

The Cement Workers' Union filed a Special Civil Application (SCA) in the Gujarat High Court seeking to compel Indian Bank and Global Cements Ltd. to pay outstanding wages to workers of a cement factory in Porbandar, Gujarat, and to set aside a Debt Recovery Tribunal order that transferred sale proceeds to the bank. The…

Gagan Kumar was convicted by a Judicial Magistrate of offences under Sections 279 and 304-A of the Indian Penal Code and sentenced to two separate terms of rigorous imprisonment with fines. He appealed to the Additional Sessions Judge and then to the High Court, both of which affirmed the conviction and sentence. The s…

The plaintiffs entered into agreements dated 20‑09‑1965 and 28‑04‑1966 for the sale of 50 acres of agricultural land, paying part of the consideration and taking partial possession. The defendants contended that the documents were merely collateral security for a loan. The Supreme Court held that the agreements were un…

The appellants, land owners of about six kilometres of land in Surat, Gujarat, challenged the acquisition of 131 kilometres of land for the Western Dedicated Freight Corridor, arguing that the Competent Authority failed to comply with Section 20D(2) of the Railways Act, 1989 by not passing a reasoned order after the pe…

The plaintiff, a holder of agricultural land exceeding the ceiling prescribed under the Andhra Pradesh Land Reforms (Ceiling on Agricultural Holdings) Act, 1973, sold the land to the respondents on 16 July 1975, after the Act had come into force. The Land Ceiling Tribunal in 1976 declared the sale void and the land dee…

The Maharashtra Housing and Area Development Board (the Board) advertised the sale of unsold flats in the Powai Project and received offers from three cooperative societies and a fourth applicant, Powai Panchsheel Co‑op Housing Society (appellant No.1). The Board, through a resolution dated 10/14 May 2003, accepted onl…

P. Karupiah, a driver employed by the General Manager Thiruvalluvar Transport Corporation Ltd., was dismissed after being convicted in a murder case, but was later acquitted by the High Court and reinstated. The employer refused to pay back wages for the period of dismissal, prompting the employee to file a writ petiti…

The Haryana Urban Development Authority (HUDA) lost a civil suit and its first appeal, and subsequently filed a second appeal in the High Court after a delay of 1,942 days. HUDA sought condonation of this delay under Section 5 of the Limitation Act, arguing that its lawyer’s negligence caused the lapse. The High Court …

The State Trading Corporation of India (STC) and Global Steel Holding Ltd (GSHIL) entered into settlement agreements in 2010 and 2012 under which GSHIL was to pay interest of Rs 600 crore at 8% p.a. by 28 February 2019. The amount was paid, and STC declared that all liabilities under the settlements were fully satisfie…

The workman Dilip Mani Dubey was terminated by his employer M/S SIEL Ltd. An Industrial Tribunal under the Uttar Pradesh Industrial Disputes Act, 1947 awarded reinstatement and back wages, holding that he had been in continuous service for one year as required by Section 6‑N. The employer challenged the award in a writ…

The appellant, Tanuku Taluk Village Officers’ Association, filed two civil suits against the respondents concerning a piece of land, both of which were decreed on 14 August 1996. It also obtained a decree from the Rent Controller ordering the handover of the land, but subsequent applications and appeals led to the Seni…

The appellant, a consumer of electricity, was issued a bill of Rs.3,54,598.21 by BSES for alleged theft of electricity and a FIR was filed against him under Section 135 of the Electricity Act, 2003. The parties later settled the dispute in a Special Lok Adalat, agreeing on a payment of Rs.1,60,000, and the appellant fi…

The Income Tax Department appealed an assessment order, but the Rajasthan High Court dismissed the appeal as infructuous after learning that the assessee company, Gopal Shri Scrips Pvt. Ltd., had been struck off the register under Section 560(5) of the Companies Act, 1956. The question before the Supreme Court was whet…

The State Government referred a dispute under Section 10(1) of the Industrial Disputes Act, 1947 to the Industrial Tribunal, Kota, seeking determination of various workmen demands. The Tribunal decided the reference ex parte against the Bundi Zila Petrol Pump Dealers Association (appellant) because it did not appear, a…

Eleven accused were tried for murder under Sections 148, 302/149, 323/149 and 506/149 IPC, and the trial court convicted all of them. The High Court acquitted eight of the accused, but upheld the conviction of three appellants by altering the charge from Section 149 to Section 34 IPC, convicting them under Section 302/…

The Supreme Court heard a criminal appeal filed by the CBI against Pratap Chandra Reddy challenging a High Court order that had held the Foreign Contribution (Regulation) Act, 1976 (FCRA) applicable to offences also punishable under the Indian Penal Code. The matter was pending before the Chief Metropolitan Magistrate,…

The appellants, co‑landholders of a 59‑bigha estate in Assam, failed to pay Rs 731.70 land revenue, leading the Deputy Commissioner to auction the land under Section 70 of the Assam Land and Revenue Regulation, 1886. No proper notice of demand or sale was served on the appellants, and the auction attracted no bidders, …

The plaintiffs filed a suit for declaration and permanent injunction over a parcel of land, which the trial court decreed in their favour. The defendants appealed, first unsuccessfully, and then filed a second appeal before the Madras High Court. The High Court admitted the appeal by framing a single substantial questi…

The Punjab State Civil Supplies Corporation Ltd. obtained a money award of Rs.10,24,847.15 from Mis Atwal Rice & General Mills in an arbitration proceeding, which became final after the respondents' Section 34 challenge was dismissed. The appellant filed an execution petition under Section 36 of the Arbitration and Con…

The appellants filed a civil suit seeking declaration of ownership of certain properties. The trial court dismissed the suit, but the first appellate court set it aside in their favour. The respondents appealed to the High Court, which admitted the second appeal and framed six substantial questions of law under Section…

The Central Government directed the public sector undertaking FACT to reduce the retirement age of pre‑1978 employees from 60 to 58 years. Trade unions challenged the order in the Kerala High Court; the Single Judge and the Division Bench dismissed the petitions and the Supreme Court dismissed the special leave petitio…

The appellant, A-6, was convicted under Section 120-B of the IPC for participating in a criminal conspiracy to murder Siva. The prosecution alleged that nine accused met at A-6's house on 1 September 1991, decided to kill Siva, and the murder was carried out on 5 September 1991 by some of the accused. The conviction re…

The respondents filed four suits for permanent injunction over a 3600 sq. ft. land parcel, which the trial court dismissed. In their first appeals they sought and were granted permission under Order 41 Rule 27 CPC to adduce additional evidence, which the appellate court admitted and relied upon to set aside the trial c…

The High Court of Punjab & Haryana disposed of a second appeal in a civil suit on the basis of an alleged compromise, subsequently decreeing the suit. The appellants filed a review petition challenging this disposal, which the High Court dismissed. The Supreme Court held that the High Court had not properly examined th…

The appellant, Vilas Dinkar Bhat, claimed that he belongs to the Thakar caste, a Scheduled Tribe, and sought a declaration to that effect. He approached the relevant Committee and the Bombay High Court, but both dismissed his claim, allegedly without considering all the documentary evidence he submitted (about 50 docum…

The case involved the acquisition of 4.30 acres of land belonging to K.S. Rajan in Kottayam, Kerala, under a 1980 notification issued under Section 4 of the Land Acquisition Act, 1894. The Land Acquisition Officer initially fixed compensation at Rs.4631 per cent for dry land, Rs.1725 per cent for chira land and Rs.203 …

The appellants, junior engineers (Electrical) originally appointed in All India Radio, were deputed to the Postal Department and later opted for permanent absorption on terms that they would be deemed new recruits and their seniority would not be counted. After the seniority list was published, they challenged the excl…

The appellant, a DESU employee, was alleged to have demanded a bribe of Rs.4,000 from a complainant and to have directed the complainant to give the money to a co‑accused, who accepted it. The trial court acquitted both accused of conspiracy under Section 120‑B IPC but convicted the appellant under Sections 7 and 13(2)…

The appellant R. Jayapal was convicted of murder (s.302 IPC) for stabbing the deceased Poondhaisezhiyan, who later died from a chest wound. He claimed he acted in private defence to protect his wife from the deceased, who allegedly intruded into their house with a group and attempted to assault her. The trial court rej…

The husband, Hemant Kansal, had two wives: his first wife, who obtained an ex parte decree of dissolution, and his second wife, Karuna Kansal, the appellant. The first wife appealed the Family Court's refusal to condone the delay in filing an application under Order 9 Rule 13 CPC, seeking to set aside the ex parte decr…

The appellant, OMANAKUTTAN, was convicted for voluntarily causing grievous hurt by pouring acid on his neighbour, Sunil Kumar, in 1997, resulting in extensive burns and permanent disfigurement. The trial court sentenced him to one year imprisonment and a fine, a conviction affirmed by the High Court. On appeal, the Sup…

The Supreme Court allowed the appeal of Birla Institute of Technology against the State of Jharkhand on 7 January 2019, relying on the decision in Ahmedabad Pvt. Primary Teachers Association v. Administrative Officer. During the hearing it emerged that Parliament had subsequently amended the definition of “employee” un…

The Union of India entered into a works contract with Mis. Susaka Pvt. Ltd. and, after disputes arose, the matter was referred to an arbitral tribunal which awarded damages and interest on several claims. The Union challenged the award of interest under Section 34 of the Arbitration and Conciliation Act, 1996, invoking…

Mahanagar Telephone Nigam Ltd. (MTNL) entered into a bond transaction with CANFINA, a wholly‑owned subsidiary of Canara Bank, which later transferred the bonds to its parent. MTNL cancelled the bonds alleging non‑payment of consideration and sought arbitration. The parties exchanged letters and a draft arbitration agre…

The Assessing Officer issued a notice under section 148 of the Income Tax Act for the assessment year 1999-2000, which the assessee (Nokia India) contested on the ground that it was based merely on a change of opinion. The ITAT upheld the assessee's objections, declaring the notice bad in law, and the Revenue appealed …

The appellants filed a writ petition in the Bombay High Court challenging a revenue order concerning a land dispute, which was dismissed by a Single Judge. They withdrew an intra‑court appeal and were permitted to file a review petition, but the High Court Registry identified defects in the filing and directed them to …

The Himachal Pradesh High Court directed the State Government to amend Section 118 of the Himachal Pradesh Tenancy and Land Reforms Act, 1972, within ninety days so that non‑agriculturist Himachalis could purchase agricultural and non‑agricultural land. The State challenged this direction, arguing that it infringed upo…

The case concerned the appointment of High School Assistant (Physical Sciences) in Kerala. The appellants, who held Chemistry degrees (some with post‑graduation) and B.Ed. in Physical Sciences, were initially placed in the Service Commission’s ranking list but later had their names deleted. The High Court and Tribunal …

The Mysore Urban Development Authority (MUDA) had undertaken a land acquisition scheme which was later challenged by several writ petitioners. The Single Judge of the Karnataka High Court quashed the acquisition proceedings, prompting MUDA to file intra‑court appeals before the Division Bench. The respondents filed an …

The State acquired about 30 acres of land in Mudhol village for a rehabilitation centre under the Land Acquisition Act, 1894. The land owners challenged the market value fixed by the Special Land Acquisition Officer and the reference court, claiming a higher rate based on sale deeds of nearby plots. The High Court re‑d…

The plaintiff filed a suit for eviction which was decreed by the District Munsif and affirmed by the first appellate court. The defendant appealed to the High Court under Section 100 CPC, which set aside the decree and dismissed the suit. The plaintiff challenged this on a special leave petition, arguing that the High …

The wife filed an application under Section 125 of the Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973, seeking maintenance for herself and her minor daughter. The trial court awarded Rs.2,000 per month for the daughter but rejected the wife's claim, holding she was not the legally married wife of the husband. The wife appealed to th…

The State of Tamil Nadu prosecuted two police officials under the Prevention of Corruption Act, 1988 for offences under Section 7 read with Section 13(1)(d). After the charge‑sheet was filed, the accused filed applications under Section 227 of the Criminal Procedure Code seeking discharge, claiming that no prima facie …

Shoda Devi, a 45‑year‑old woman from a poor rural background, was admitted to DDU Hospital for a minor gynecological procedure. A paramedic administered an intravenous injection of Phenergan directly into her right arm, causing excruciating pain that was ignored by the staff. The resulting acute arterial occlusion led …

The plaintiff, Isha Distribution House Pvt. Ltd., filed a civil suit in the Calcutta High Court seeking declaration, damages and injunction, and applied for leave to sue under Clause 12 of the Letters Patent Act, 1865. The defendants contested the suit's territorial jurisdiction, filing an application to revoke the lea…

The Birla Institute of Technology (BIT) appealed against the State of Jharkhand and other respondents after a teacher who retired in 2001 claimed gratuity under the Payment of Gratuity Act, 1972. The High Court had upheld the gratuity award, and BIT challenged the applicability of the Act to teachers, arguing that the …

The appellant, M/s Anjaneeya Jewellery, filed a consumer complaint before the National Consumer Disputes Redressal Commission (NCDRC) against New India Assurance Co. Ltd. and others. The Presiding Member dismissed the complaint in limine under Section 13 of the Consumer Protection Act, 1986, without giving notice to th…

The appellant, Sukumar, a Forest Range Officer, chased a lorry he suspected of sandalwood smuggling. The lorry occupants attacked his jeep with stones and shouted “fire them”. Sukumar fired his DBL‑gun, killing the driver. He later loaded sandalwood and a gun from the lorry and claimed he acted in private defence. He w…

The appellants, owners of a house in Allahabad, filed an eviction application under Section 21(1)(a) of the Uttar Pradesh Urban Buildings (Regulation of Letting, Rent and Eviction) Act, 1972, claiming a bona‑fide need to use the premises for their own commercial business. The Prescribed Authority and the District Judge…

The Birla Institute of Technology (BIT) employed Respondent No.4 as an Assistant Professor from 1971 until his superannuation in 2001. He claimed gratuity under the Payment of Gratuity Act, 1972, which BIT denied. The controlling authority allowed the claim, but the appellate authority and the High Court upheld BIT's r…

The appellants, holders of liquor licences under the Maharashtra Prohibition Act, were sealed after an FIR for home delivery of liquor. The Collector de‑sealed their shops and imposed a compounding fee; the Commissioner State Excise stayed both orders. The appellants filed writ petitions challenging the sealing, the co…

Mahadevappa, a police constable, was married to Rukmini Bai who died within 17 months of marriage from severe burn injuries. The prosecution alleged that Mahadevappa, an alcoholic, repeatedly demanded dowry money, ill‑treated his wife and, on 2 October 1995, poured kerosene on her and set her on fire, constituting a do…

Monu appealed to the Supreme Court after the Allahabad High Court Single Judge dismissed his Section 482 application seeking quashal of a charge‑sheet filed under IPC sections 420, 498A, 323, 376, 506 and Dowry Prohibition Act sections 3 and 4. The High Court dismissed the petition with a terse order stating there was …

Kamal Kumar filed a suit seeking specific performance of a contract concerning a piece of land. The trial court and the High Court of Madhya Pradesh dismissed the suit, holding that the plaintiff had not demonstrated readiness and willingness to perform his part of the contract and was not entitled to a refund of earne…

The Gram Vikas Samiti filed a civil suit against the State of Rajasthan seeking a permanent injunction to prevent the State from interfering with its possession of a disputed land. The trial court granted the injunction, and the State's first appeal was dismissed by the Additional District Judge. The State then filed a…

The respondent, a daily‑wage worker in the R&B Department of the State, was terminated in 1981 after working intermittently for about two years. After a lapse of fifteen years he filed a claim before the Labour Court, which ordered his reinstatement but awarded no back wages. The State appealed; the High Court upheld t…

Two workers, Santosh Kumar and Hira Singh, filed claim petitions under the Minimum Wages Act, 1948 against their employer, Ragini Sinha, alleging non‑payment of wages for the period 1 January 1991 to 30 October 1992. The competent authority allowed the claims and imposed a penalty; the appellate authority affirmed this…

The plaintiff filed a civil suit seeking to be treated as an indigent person under Order 33 Rule 1 of the CPC, but the trial court rejected his application and the High Court upheld that rejection. He later filed an appeal against the trial court's decree and sought permission to file the appeal as an indigent person u…

The respondent, M/s Paulbro Leathers, defaulted on a loan from Punjab Financial Corporation and the parties entered into a One Time Settlement (OTS) on 1 April 2003. The High Court appointed Chartered Accountant Davinder S. Jaaj to calculate the remaining liability, but a dispute arose over the amount determined, leadi…

Digi Cable Network (India) Pvt Ltd was granted permission to operate as a multi‑system operator under Rule 11C of the Cable Television Network Rules, 1994 (as amended 2012). The permission was later cancelled because the Ministry of Home Affairs did not grant the required security clearance. The appellant challenged th…

Raj Kumar worked as a daily‑wage beldar in the Uttarakhand PWD for about a year (June 1986‑May 1987) and was terminated without following the procedure prescribed under the Industrial Disputes Act. After a lapse of roughly 25 years he approached the Labour Court seeking reinstatement; the Labour Court awarded Rs 30,000…

Lajpat and others were charged under Sections 420, 406 and 504 of the IPC. They filed an application under Section 482 of the Code of Criminal Procedure to quash the charge sheet. The Single Judge of the Allahabad High Court dismissed the application, relying solely on Supreme Court pronouncements about the scope of Se…

The State Trading Corporation (STC) entered into a tripartite agreement with Global Steel Holding Ltd. (GSHL) and Global Steel Philippines Inc. (GSPI) for the sale of steel coils, which later gave rise to settlement agreements under the Arbitration and Conciliation Act, 1996. GSHL and GSPI defaulted on the settlement p…

The Municipal Corporation of Meerut awarded contracts to several appellants for the collection of "Tehbazari" (a local toll) and parking fees. The appellants challenged the demand of the Collector of Stamps that the contracts be treated as leases and attract stamp duty at Rs.70 per thousand. The High Court upheld the C…

The respondent sued the appellants for specific performance of two agreements to sell a share of land, having paid earnest money but no deed was executed. The trial court dismissed the suit, but the first appellate court set aside that decree and ordered specific performance. The appellants appealed, arguing that the a…

The appellant purchased land from the original owner, Veerabasayya, and was given possession after paying earnest money, but the owner died before the sale deed was executed. The respondents, as legal heirs, sued for a declaration of ownership and possession, and the trial court declared them owners but denied possessi…

The petitioner was convicted by the trial court and affirmed by the High Court for offences under Sections 376 and 342 of the IPC. In both judgments, the victim (PW‑2) was named throughout, which the Supreme Court held to be inconsistent with Section 228‑A of the IPC that protects the identity of rape victims. The Cour…

The appellant, Navnirman Development Consultants, was awarded a contract to construct a sports complex for a government agency, completed the work, but was not paid for its bills. The parties' agreement contained an arbitration clause, and when the respondent failed to constitute an arbitral tribunal, the appellant inv…

The plaintiffs (sons of a co‑sharer) sued the defendants (purchasers of the suit land from another co‑sharer) for a perpetual injunction restraining them from interfering with possession of the suit property. The trial court dismissed the suit, and the first appellate court affirmed the dismissal. The High Court revers…

Kakadia Builders Pvt. Ltd. and its promoter filed settlement applications before the Income Tax Settlement Commission while assessment proceedings were pending. The Commission, on 11 August 2000, added tax and waived interest under Sections 234A, 234B and 234C, but both the assessee and the Revenue filed rectification …

Ambi Ram, a Patwari in Uttarakhand, accepted a bribe of Rs.1,200 in 1985 and was caught in a sting operation. He was convicted under Section 5(2) of the Prevention of Corruption Act, 1947 read with Section 161 of the IPC and sentenced to four years' rigorous imprisonment and a fine of Rs.5,000, with an additional three…

The Mysore Urban Development Authority (the Authority) appealed a civil suit decree against it, but its first appeal was dismissed in default when its counsel failed to appear. The Authority sought restoration of the appeal under Order 41 Rule 19 of the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908, but the appellate court refused and…

The Employees’ State Insurance Corporation (ESIC) observed that Venus Alloy Pvt. Ltd., though covered under the Employees’ State Insurance Act, 1948, had not paid ESI contributions on the remuneration paid to its directors. ESIC issued an order on 6 April 2005 directing the company to make the contribution, which the c…