S MUKHOPADHAYA

The appellants, landlords, filed an eviction suit against the respondent tenant for non-payment of rent. The tenant filed his written statement after the prescribed period and failed to deposit the rent as required, prompting the plaintiffs to invoke Order XV Rule 5 of the Code of Civil Procedure to have the defence st…

The respondent, S.P. Nayyar, a Commandant in the Border Security Force, sought promotion to Additional DIG. The Departmental Promotion Committee (DPC) did not recommend him, alleging he was not fit, despite his ACRs being graded ‘Very Good’ by the Initiating and Reviewing Officers. He alleged that the Accepting Officer…

The appellant, Santosh Bakshi, filed a complaint under the Protection of Women from Domestic Violence Act, 2005 against her in‑laws alleging dowry harassment. After a compromise was reached, her brother‑in‑law filed an affidavit claiming the complaint was false and sought action under Section 182 of the Indian Penal Co…

The husband, Dr. B.V. Ravi, filed a petition for divorce under Section 13(1)(ib) of the Hindu Marriage Act alleging desertion, and also sought restitution of conjugal rights. The Family Court found no proof of desertion and granted restitution, but the wife, Dr. Malathi Ravi, later lodged FIRs against the husband, lead…

The respondent, originally appointed Deputy Registrar, applied for the post of Registrar of the National Institute of Technology, Karnataka, and was selected by direct recruitment. The appointment letter mistakenly prescribed the Central pay scale of Rs 3000‑4500 instead of the State scale of Rs 2375‑4450 as stipulated…

The appellant, Ram Karan (deceased) through legal representatives, purchased agricultural land in 1962 from a Scheduled Caste vendor and obtained mutation in 1966. The State of Rajasthan, via a Tehsildar, filed a suit under Section 175 of the Rajasthan Tenancy Act in 1993 seeking ejectment, alleging the sale violated t…

The appellant challenged land acquisition of 10.80 acres undertaken under the Nagpur Improvement Trust Act, 1966. An award was passed under the Land Acquisition Act, 1894 in 1968, later set aside by the High Court in 1974 only on compensation grounds. While the proceedings were pending, Section 11A of the Land Acquisit…

The appellant, Amrit Banaspati Co. Ltd., owned a residential flat in Mumbai and declared its value under self‑assessment rules (Rule 3‑7) of Schedule III of the Wealth Tax Act, 1957. The Assessing Officer (AO) found a large disparity between the declared value and the market value estimated by the Departmental Valuatio…

The State of Uttar Pradesh sought to recover dues of M/s Jaswant Sugar Mills Ltd. arising from arrears, loans and other liabilities incurred before the company's acquisition under the U.P. State Sugar Undertakings (Acquisition) Act, 1971. The District Collector had adjusted compensation payable for land acquisition aga…

The Cellular Operators Association of India and several private mobile service providers were directed by the Telecom Regulatory Authority of India (TRAI) to discontinue differential tariffs that charged higher rates for calls terminating on the BSNL/MTNL network compared to calls terminating on other private networks.…

Patasi Devi owned a 14-kanal plot on which she had constructed a house before the Haryana Government issued a Section 4 notification on 15‑12‑2006 for acquiring land for the development of Sector 36, Rohtak. The land was later declared acquired under Section 6 and an award was passed on 9‑12‑2009, after which the State…

The Uttar Pradesh State Industrial Development Corporation (UPSIDC) leased industrial plots to several companies under licence agreements and lease deeds that contained clauses prohibiting any transfer, assignment or alteration of the lessee's interest without the lessor's written consent. The lessees later changed the…

The case involved the murder of Bairam, the son of complainant Heera, arising out of a long-standing land dispute and enmity between the parties. The trial court convicted all accused under Sections 148, 302 r/w 149 and 307 r/w 149 IPC, but the Rajasthan High Court acquitted four accused and convicted the remaining thr…

The dispute concerned the ownership of Khata No. 201 in Sultanpur, where Kamla Devi claimed a share inherited from her father Ram Samujh, while Krishna Nand and Shiv Ram asserted title based on a 1938 purchase recorded in their uncle Ram Adhar's name. Three consolidation authorities under the Uttar Pradesh Consolidatio…

The original plaintiff, Ramesh Chander, sued Jalandhar Improvement Trust for vacant possession of a plot allotted to him after his father's land was acquired. The trial court decreed in his favour, but the first appellate court reversed the decision, leading Ramesh to file a second appeal. Ramesh died during the penden…

The Supreme Court considered two criminal appeals: A.C. Narayanan, who challenged the taking of cognizance of a complaint filed by a power‑of‑attorney (POA) holder on behalf of six complainants under Sections 138 and 142 of the Negotiable Instruments Act, and G. Kamalakar, who contested a conviction for a dishonoured c…

The wife and son of Thangavel filed successive applications under Section 125 of the CrPC for maintenance, claiming arrears from February 1993. The High Court limited their claim to arrears of only one year preceding the 2002 application, invoking the first proviso to Section 125(3). The Supreme Court held that the pro…

The appellant Basappa was charged under IPC sections 279 and 304A and the Motor Vehicles Act for a tractor accident that killed a two‑year‑old child. The trial magistrate acquitted him, finding no cogent evidence that he was the driver at the time of the accident. The State appealed under Cr.P.C. s.378; the High Court …

The first respondent executed a registered sale deed in favour of the appellant on 30 November 1992 and later filed a criminal complaint alleging cheating, which was dismissed on 30 November 1993. After a delay of fourteen years, on 28 June 2006, the first respondent instituted a civil suit seeking declaration of title…

The State Government of Orissa issued a notification on 28 April 2000 abolishing contract labour for workers in the OAP plant of M/s Paradeep Phosphate Ltd. The Mazdoor Union filed writ petitions seeking enforcement of the notification and regularisation of the affected workers. The company contended that the State Gov…

The case concerns the murder of two brothers on 11 November 1999, for which ten persons were charge-sheeted. The trial court convicted all, but the Rajasthan High Court acquitted six accused on the ground that they were not named by the star witness, while convicting Badru Ram, Sita Ram, Ramavtar and Lakshman under Sec…

The appellant, a ground handling service provider, had been granted a five‑year security clearance in 2007 but it was withdrawn in 2008 on grounds of national security. The appellant challenged the withdrawal, seeking a post‑decisional hearing and disclosure of the material relied upon, but the High Court set aside the…

Manoharan filed a suit seeking a mandatory injunction and reconveyance of land after a loan transaction, but paid only one‑tenth of the court fee of Rs.28,797. The Sub‑Judge rejected his application for an extension of time to pay the balance fee, leading to dismissal of the suit. Manoharan appealed, also seeking condo…

Saraswathy, married to Babu in 2000, was subjected to dowry demands and was thrown out of the matrimonial home. She filed a petition under the Protection of Women from Domestic Violence Act, 2005 seeking protection, residence and maintenance orders. Although the trial magistrate granted these orders, Babu repeatedly re…

The appellant, a minor daughter, along with her two sisters sued their mother (the natural guardian) to declare a sale deed of their father's ancestral land null and void. After the father's death, the mother sold the entire property to a third party, claiming the proceeds were used for the daughters' maintenance, educ…

The appellant filed complaints under Section 138 of the Negotiable Instruments Act in a Mumbai magistrate’s court, alleging that cheques were drawn and handed over in Mumbai, dishonoured in Delhi, and a legal notice was issued from Mumbai. The respondents sought to have the complaints returned under Section 201 of the …

The case involved several police officials whose adverse entries in Annual Confidential Reports (ACRs) were expunged by a Director General of Police (DGP) after they filed second representations many years after the first representation was rejected. The High Court had restored the original adverse remarks, leading to …

The Kanpur Development Authority (KDA) sold a plot to respondents who later sought possession, but a civil court injunction led KDA to cancel the allotment and refund the amount. The respondents filed a consumer complaint alleging interest, damages, and harassment, and the State Consumer Disputes Redressal Commission p…

The respondent, a former Indian Air Force employee, claimed disability pension for a 60% composite disability arising from coronary artery disease and diabetes. The Air Force Medical Board held the disabilities were not attributable to or aggravated by service, and the Pension Sanctioning Authority rejected the claim. …

The appellants, lessees of a 20‑year lease, erected a pucca factory building on the premises and later claimed status as Thika tenants under the Calcutta Thika Tenancy Act, 1949 and its subsequent amendments. The respondents, who had purchased the land, challenged the Controller's declaration that the appellants were T…

The Supreme Court examined whether Section 32(c) of the Andhra Pradesh Buildings (Lease, Rent and Eviction) Control (Amendment) Act, 2005 operates prospectively or retrospectively and how it affects eviction suits pending when the amendment came into force. It also considered the effect of the 1983 Government Order (G.…

Ayyappan Textiles Ltd., a manufacturer of cotton yarn under heading 52.03, was inspected on 30 August 1993 and two registers and a file of weekly test reports were seized. The Central Excise Department issued a show‑cause notice alleging that the company had been producing yarn of higher counts (40s, 43s, 60s, 82s) tha…

The husband filed a petition for divorce under Section 13(1)(ia) of the Hindu Marriage Act, alleging mental cruelty by his wife, who refused to consummate the marriage and displayed hostile behaviour. The trial court dismissed the petition, but the Madras High Court allowed it, finding the wife's conduct amounted to me…

The appellant Subhasish Mondal was convicted of murdering his elder brother and mother in Kharagpur, allegedly motivated by a grievance over a job given to his brother after their father's death. The prosecution relied on circumstantial evidence, including the victim's injuries, the presence of a silver chain belonging…

The appellant, a Tamil Nadu State Civil Service officer, challenged the promotion of the first respondent to the Indian Administrative Service, alleging that the State Government had illegally withheld the respondent’s Annual Confidential Reports (ACRs) for five years and had dropped disciplinary proceedings against hi…

The landlord, Krishna Kumar Rastogi, filed an application under Section 21(1)(a) of the Uttar Pradesh Urban Buildings (Regulation of Letting, Rent and Eviction) Act, 1972 seeking the eviction of tenant Sumitra Devi so that his son could occupy the shop. The Prescribed Authority allowed the landlord’s application, but t…

Surender Singh Parmar retired from the Indian Navy after 13 years, 10 months and 13 days of service, short of the 15‑year qualifying period for pension. He claimed that, under the Ministry of Defence instructions of 30 Oct 1987, a fraction of service of three to six months should be rounded up to a half‑year, allowing …

The Institute of Law was allotted 5.75 acres of land in Chandigarh at a nominal rate, prompting Neeraj Sharma to file a public‑interest writ petition challenging the allotment as arbitrary and violative of Article 14. The Punjab & Haryana High Court Division Bench cancelled the allotment in two separate but concurring …

The appellant, N. Suresh, was severely injured in a motor accident caused by the rash driving of a lorry, resulting in 90% permanent disability of his right leg and 50-60% facial disability. He claimed compensation under Section 166 of the Motor Vehicles Act, 1988, asserting a monthly income of over Rs.8,000 prior to t…

The appellant, an Assistant Engineer of the Ujjain Municipal Corporation, was prosecuted under sections 13(1)(d) and 13(2) of the Prevention of Corruption Act, 1988 for alleged irregularities in a building contract. He argued that, because he was appointed by an Administrator, only the Administrator or the State Govern…

The appellant, Juveria Abdul Majid Patni, married Atif Iqbal Mansoori under Muslim rites in 2005 and alleged physical abuse and cruelty, leading her to file an FIR under Sections 498A and 406 IPC in 2007. She obtained an ex parte Khula (divorce) from a Mufti on 9 May 2008, which the respondent contested in family court…

The petitioner, Commissioner of Income Tax, Gujarat, challenged the claim of the respondent, Gujarat Fluoro Chemicals, that the Revenue should pay interest when the total of advance tax and TDS installments paid exceeds the assessed tax. The issue centered on whether the Revenue is liable to pay interest on the excess …

The deceased wife, Biniben, committed suicide after allegedly being driven to despair by her husband Rakesh's extramarital affair with Jasuben (appellant No.4). The State charged the husband, his parents, and Jasuben under Sections 498A (cruelty), 306 (abetment of suicide), 201 and 114 of the Indian Penal Code. The tri…

The case concerned the applicability of G.O.Ms. No.124 dated 7 March 2002, which amended the procedure for filling posts under the Andhra Pradesh Public Employment Order, 1975. The selection process for various executive and non‑executive posts had already begun under Advertisement No.10 of 1999, and some appointments …

GVK Industries Ltd. and its director entered into an agreement with a Swiss non‑resident company (NRC) to act as a financial advisor for a power project, receiving a "success fee" of 0.75% of the debt on loan closure. The Income Tax Officer refused to issue a No‑Objection Certificate for remittance of the fee, directin…

The State of Punjab challenged the tax treatment of battery chargers sold by Nokia India with cell phones, arguing that they should attract the concessional VAT rate of 4% under entry 60(6)(g) of Schedule B of the Punjab Value Added Tax Act, 2005. The Assessing Authority, Appellate Authority and the VAT Tribunal held t…

The appellant, a non‑executive director of M/S Elite International Pvt. Ltd., was charged under Section 138 read with Section 141 of the Negotiable Instruments Act for the dishonour of cheques issued by the company. She had resigned from the board on 17‑December‑2005, while the cheques were dishonoured in 2008. The com…

The appellant, Tummala Venkat... was convicted under Section 304B IPC for causing the death of his wife Neelima, who died after ingesting poison following repeated dowry demands and physical abuse. The High Court upheld the conviction and sentenced him to seven years rigorous imprisonment. On appeal, the Supreme Court …

The appellants, owners of lands purchased in 1956, claimed self‑cultivation of the property. The second respondent, Gangappa, filed a Form No.7 in 1975 asserting he was an occupant/tenant and sought occupancy rights. The Special Tehsildar reported no record of such an application, leading the respondent to file a writ …

The dispute concerned land that respondent No.1 claimed to have bought from Sitaram Mills Ltd. (SSML) under an unregistered 1975 agreement to sell, for which full consideration was paid and possession taken. The textile undertaking of SSML was taken over by the Central Government under the Textile Undertakings (Taking …

The appellant, Srihari (deceased) through his legal representatives, challenged a High Court order that amended a preliminary decree in a partition suit to allocate specific shares among co‑heirs. The amendment was made under Section 152 of the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908, which permits correction of clerical or acci…

The State of Rajasthan filed a special writ appeal (DB Special Appeal Writ No.02033 of 2007) against an order of a Single Judge dated 19.05.2006 concerning an eviction under the Rajasthan Public Premises Act. The appeal was filed 98 days late; in the condonation application the State mistakenly recorded the filing date…

The State of Karnataka sought to alter the limits of the Sedam Town Municipal Council by issuing a proclamation under Section 9 of the Karnataka Municipalities Act, 1961. Vasavadatta Cement challenged the validity of the notice, arguing that it should have been posted within its factory township, an inhabited area, rat…

The appellant, a visitor to a central prison in Punjab, was searched and found carrying a mobile phone and charger, leading to an FIR under Sections 42 and 45 of the Prisons Act, 1894. The High Court dismissed his petition under Section 482 of the CrPC to quash the FIR, holding that the possession of the phone indicate…

The appellant, a woman Central Government employee, applied for uninterrupted child care leave (CCL) of 730 days to care for her minor son, but the competent authority granted only 45 days without explaining the refusal of the remaining period. The Central Administrative Tribunal directed the authority to grant the ful…

The victim, a 15‑year‑old girl, was allegedly lured to the house of Chhoti under the pretext of fetching lassi, where Om Prakash and Kartar Singh locked the door and raped her. The FIR was lodged after a 20‑day delay, explained by the victim’s mother’s absence. Evidence—including the victim’s testimony, medical examina…

The case concerned the classification of the skin cream ‘Moisturex’ for excise duty purposes. The Central Excise Commissioner argued that the product was a cosmetic under Heading 33.04, attracting 70% duty, while the assessee contended it was a medicament under Heading 30.03, attracting only 15% duty. The Supreme Court…

MIS Opera House Exports Ltd. and others were adjudicated under the Foreign Exchange Regulation Act, 1973 (FERA) for alleged violations relating to export bill realizations. The adjudicating authority issued an order on 11 October 2007, which was served on the company on 25 October 2007. The company filed an appeal befo…

V.K. Verma was convicted under Section 161 of the IPC and Section 5(1)(d) read with Section 5(2) of the Prevention of Corruption Act, 1947 for demanding a bribe of Rs.265 in 1984. The trial court sentenced him to one and a half years’ rigorous imprisonment and a fine of Rs.5,000 on each count, which the High Court uphe…

Rajinder Kumar was convicted for the dowry death of his wife, Raj Rani, who was allegedly harassed by him and his family for a demand of Rs 20,000 after marriage. The deceased’s brothers, Ganpat Rai and Hari Chand, testified that the harassment occurred shortly before her death, which was caused by aluminium phosphide …

The husband filed a petition for divorce under the Hindu Marriage Act, 1955, and the Family Court initially proceeded ex parte when the wife could not be served. The wife later appeared, the ex parte order was set aside, and the case was adjourned for conciliation, but she remained absent at subsequent hearings. The Fa…

Salman Salim Khan was convicted under Section 51 of the Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972 and sentenced to five years' imprisonment. The Rajasthan High Court suspended his conviction, allowing him to travel abroad for his acting profession, but the UK denied his visa on the basis of the conviction. The State of Rajasthan…

An FIR under Section 364 IPC was lodged against the appellants. The police investigation concluded that no case was made out and submitted a final report under Section 173 CrPC, which the magistrate accepted. Despite accepting the negative report, the magistrate also ordered the case to proceed as a complaint, recorded…

The State of Uttar Pradesh prosecuted a group of 35 accused for the brutal murder of five villagers and grievous injuries to several others during a Holi celebration, allegedly as revenge for an electoral defeat of the accused's wife. The trial court convicted all accused under Sections 302, 149, 148, 307, 506 IPC and …

The husband, Ajay Kumar, filed a habeas corpus petition before the Allahabad High Court alleging that his wife, Rashmi, was illegally detaining their minor son. In reality, the child had been living with the mother in Maharashtra since birth. The husband had earlier filed a criminal application in the Bombay High Court…

The Nagpur Improvement Trust (NIT) gifted land to the public trust Gorakshan Sabha, which later leased it to Kripa Mangal Karyalaya. The Nagpur Municipal Corporation (NMC) granted building permits for structures on the land, which respondents 5 and 6 challenged through a public interest litigation (PIL) before the Bomb…

Tapas Kumar Samanta filed an eviction suit against Sarbani Sen and others alleging non‑payment of rent, personal necessity to demolish the existing building for his own residence and business, waste, nuisance and unauthorized construction, invoking Section 108 of the Transfer of Property Act. The trial court dismissed …

The appellant, a 46‑year‑old tourist‑taxi driver, suffered fractures to his right arm and leg in a collision with a bus operated by the respondent. He claimed compensation under s.166 of the Motor Vehicles Act, 1988, asserting functional disability of 35% that impaired his earning capacity. The Motor Accident Claims Tr…

Vinayak Narayan Deosthali, an Assistant Manager in the securities department of UCO Bank, was convicted by a Special Court for conspiring with broker Harshad Mehta and a fellow bank officer to manipulate Subsidiary General Ledger (SGL) accounts, causing loss to the bank and illegal gain to Mehta. The appellant argued t…

Madhukar, a former government employee who resigned on 18 July 1960 and immediately joined Hislop College as a lecturer, retired from the college on 24 May 1983. He sought to have his earlier government service (21 June 1950 to 17 July 1960) counted for pension under the Government Resolution dated 11 March 1992, which…

The appellants, a Home Guards Welfare Association and its members from Himachal Pradesh, Punjab and the NCT of Delhi, sought regularisation of their service after serving for 10‑30 years, claiming entitlement to regular pay and benefits. The State governments contended that Home Guards are volunteers appointed under re…

Dr. Kalyani Mathivanan was appointed Vice‑Chancellor of Madurai Kamaraj University by a Tamil Nadu government order, but two writ petitions challenged her appointment on the ground that she did not satisfy the eligibility criteria prescribed in the UGC Regulations, 2010. The High Court set aside the appointment, holdin…

The case concerns the murder of Manjunath, a sales officer of Indian Oil Corporation, who was killed after inspecting the petrol pump owned by Pawan Kumar (Monu Mittal). The prosecution relied heavily on confessional statements made by accused Nos. 4 and 7 to police officers, as well as a series of circumstantial evide…

The case concerned several writ petitions filed under Article 226 of the Constitution challenging orders of the Armed Forces Tribunal (AFT). The Union of India argued that Sections 30 and 31 of the Armed Forces Tribunal Act, 2007, together with Articles 136(2) and 227(4) of the Constitution, bar High Court jurisdiction…

The husband and wife married in 1996; the husband filed for divorce in 1997 and the wife filed a criminal case alleging cruelty under Sections 498‑A, 406, 506 IPC and Sections 3/4 of the Dowry Prohibition Act. The trial magistrate acquitted all accused in 2002. While the parties later settled their differences and obta…

The appellants Veer Singh and others were convicted for the murder of twelve persons and the attempted murder of a family member, based primarily on the testimony of a severely injured eye‑witness, Harshan Kaur, supported by medical reports, a hostile witness, and forensic material. The appellants challenged the reliab…

The appellant, Sunil Damodar Gaikwad, murdered his wife and two sons and attempted to kill his daughter, later reporting the incident to police. He was convicted under IPC sections 302 and 307 and sentenced to death for the murder and life imprisonment for the attempt. The appeal centered on whether the death sentence …

The petitioners challenged the view that a person confined in prison or in police custody, who is barred from voting under sub‑section (5) of Section 62 of the Representation of the People Act, 1951, is not an elector and therefore cannot contest elections. The High Court held that such a person loses the statutory rig…

The appellants, members of the West Bengal Home Guards, claimed that they were in the service of the State, performed duties akin to police constables and were therefore entitled to regularisation and pay parity with police personnel. The State and the Union of India contended that Home Guards are volunteers who receiv…

Ram Manohar Pandey, a civil engineer on deputation, was charged with corruption offences under Sections 13(1)(d) and 13(2) of the Prevention of Corruption Act, 1988. Both the Municipal Corporation of Ujjain and the State Government refused to grant sanction for his prosecution while he was in service, yet a charge‑shee…

The Food Corporation of India (FCI) closed its rice mill and thereafter employed 49 former contract workers as casual daily‑wage employees. The workers sought regularisation, alleging that their continued casualisation constituted an unfair labour practice under item 10 of the Fifth Schedule of the Industrial Disputes …

The Union (Secretary, Department of Personnel) appealed against several High Court and CAT orders that had granted Data Entry Operator (DEO) Grade‑A employees the higher pay scale of Grade‑B on the basis of their qualifications or length of service. The Court examined whether the classification of DEO posts and the pay…

The Port Trust had allotted a plot of land to Raj Virmani on a month‑to‑month lease which was terminated in 1983, and eviction proceedings were instituted against him. In 1992 Kalipada Bhakat appeared before the estate officer as Virmani's power of attorney holder and later occupied the premises without the Trust's per…

The State of Bihar filed a criminal appeal against an FIR lodged in 2002 against IAS officer Ashok Kumar Singh for alleged corruption while he was Managing Director of the Bihar State Financial Corporation. The FIR was issued by the Bihar Vigilance Investigation Bureau after the bifurcation of Bihar into Bihar and Jhar…

The husband, Swapnil, filed an application for restitution of conjugal rights, but his wife left the matrimonial home in April 2011 and later lodged two police complaints alleging dowry demands and threats to kill. A First Class Judicial Magistrate framed charges under IPC sections 498A and 506 Part II and under Sectio…

The Union of India challenged two show‑cause notices issued to Mahindra & Mahindra Ltd. for alleged short payment of excise duty for the years 1982‑85, contending that the Department had misapplied Section 4 of the Central Excise Act. The High Court set aside the notices, holding that the post‑1996 amendment to Section…

The Nagar Palika Parishad, Mihona issued notices under the Madhya Pradesh Municipalities Act, 1961 to Ramnath for encroaching on a public road. Ramnath filed a suit seeking declaration of title over the land and a permanent injunction, claiming ancestral ownership. The trial court and two appellate courts held the suit…

The appellant, claiming ownership of a shop, filed a civil suit against the respondent‑tenant. The respondent filed a writ petition under Articles 226 and 227 of the Constitution seeking to quash the plaint and the suit proceedings. The Kerala High Court entertained the writ and set aside the plaint, imposing costs on …

The appellant, Sunil Dutt Sharma, was convicted under IPC s.304‑B for dowry death and sentenced to life imprisonment, while being acquitted of IPC s.302 murder. The High Court affirmed the conviction and sentence. On appeal, the Supreme Court was asked to consider whether the life sentence was excessive or disproportio…

Gold Quest International Private Limited, a numismatic company, faced an FIR under Section 420 IPC and Sections 4, 5, 6 of the Prize Chits and Money Circulation (Banning) Act after several customers alleged non‑delivery of promised gold coins. All claimants, including the primary complainant, settled their disputes wit…

The appellant, Telikicherla Sesibhushan, agreed to purchase land from the deceased respondent, Kalli Raja Rao, and to repay a Rs.20,000 loan taken by the respondent from a bank. The appellant made partial payments but failed to repay the entire loan, leading to a decree against the bank's suit for recovery. The respond…

On 3 March 1989 a fire broke out at temporary pandals erected for Tata Iron and Steel Company's Foundation Day, killing and injuring many. The Inspector of Factories conducted a preliminary investigation on 5‑6 March 1989 and later received a detailed committee report on 23 April 1990; a criminal complaint was filed on…

The State of Andhra Pradesh filed a suit for eviction against D. Raghukul Pershad and others, alleging that the appellants had failed to pay rent since 1986 and that the lease had not been renewed. The appellants contended that the lease deed and rent payments were made by mistake of fact and that they were the true ow…

The State of Maharashtra appealed the acquittal of six accused under Sections 498‑A, 304‑B and 306 of the IPC. The Supreme Court examined whether the prosecution had established the essential ingredients of a dowry death and the presumption under Section 113‑B of the Evidence Act. It held that the prosecution proved, b…

Khim Singh was convicted of murdering his wife Himuli Devi with a kulhari (axe) and sentenced to life imprisonment under Section 302 IPC. The trial and High Court relied solely on circumstantial evidence, including testimonies of the appellant's mother, sister‑in‑law, the village pradhan and a neighbour, the recovery o…

The daughter of the complainant was married to Girdhari Lal and died of severe burn injuries within seven years of marriage. The prosecution alleged that she was subjected to cruelty and harassment by her husband and in‑laws in connection with dowry demands, leading to her death. The trial court convicted the husband u…

A group of State Bank of Patiala employees who retired under the Bank's Voluntary Retirement Scheme in 2000 had completed more than 19 years and six months of service but less than 20 years. The Bank refused to grant them pension under the State Bank of Patiala (Employees) Pension Regulations, 1995, prompting the emplo…

The petitioner, Anil Gupta, the Managing Director of Star India Pvt Ltd, appealed against a Delhi High Court order that quashed the summons issued to the company but allowed proceedings against him under Sections 138 and 141 of the Negotiable Instruments Act, 1881. The complaint alleged dishonour of cheques issued by t…

The appellant Dinesh Tiwari was charged under IPC sections 323, 504 and 506, but the charge-sheet did not include section 302. The Sessions Court, after committal, framed an additional charge under section 302 and the appellant sought quashing of this order under CrPC section 482. The High Court dismissed the petition …

The appellant, a clerk‑cum‑cashier of M.G.B. Gramin Bank, was dismissed for a ten‑month unauthorised absence, which he claimed was due to serious illness supported by medical certificates. The disciplinary inquiry refused to call five of his defence witnesses, found him guilty and dismissed him. The High Court Single J…

Balwinder Singh and Ram Swaroop, employees of National Fertilizers Ltd., obtained declarations from the trial courts confirming their appointments and salary entitlements. The employer appealed the decrees in second appeals before the High Court. The High Court admitted the appeals and reversed the lower courts' judgme…

Several complaints under Section 17(1) of the Consumer Protection Act, 1986 were filed against Shreenath Corp. and others, leading the Gujarat State Consumer Disputes Redressal Commission to order the appellants to pay amounts with interest. The appellants appealed these orders to the National Consumer Disputes Redress…

The respondent, B. Banerjee, a diesel driver medically decategorised in 2005, was posted as a Crew Controller performing permanent stationary duties. He claimed entitlement to the allowance in lieu of kilometreage (ALK) under the Railway Running Allowance Rules, 1981, arguing that his prior status as running staff prot…

Sunita, a married woman, committed suicide within three years of her marriage by self‑immolation after a quarrel with her mother‑in‑law over a dowry demand for a gold chain. A dying declaration recorded by an Executive Magistrate, certified by a doctor, alleged that the mother‑in‑law repeatedly harassed her for the dow…

Professor Ramesh Chandra, a chemistry professor at the University of Delhi, was punished and dismissed on allegations of concealing his removal as Vice‑Chancellor of Bundelkhand University and of misrepresenting his role as Director of the Ambedkar Centre for Biomedical Research (ACBR). The University framed charge‑she…

M/s Swati Ferro Alloys Pvt. Ltd. (appellant) claimed that it had acquired ownership of Plot No. C/9, Industrial Estate, Cuttack through a series of transactions involving the original lessee M/s Prachi Vanijya Ltd., its successor M/s Eastern Fans, and the Orissa State Financial Corporation (OSFC). The appellant sought …

The respondents were initially appointed as Junior Machine Operators in 1987 and later had their posts abolished in 1995. They were adjusted to vacant Computer posts with the condition that they would continue to draw the salary of Junior Machine Operators. Following the rationalisation of Electronic Data Processing (E…

The case involved a claim for compensation under Section 166 of the Motor Vehicles Act after the death of Nanag Ram, a 36‑year‑old machine operator, in a road accident. The claimants sought Rs.24 lakh, while the insurer challenged the award on several grounds. The Supreme Court examined whether the High Court should ha…

The case concerns a criminal appeal filed by the injured party, Sumer Singh, under Article 136 of the Constitution seeking enhancement of the sentence imposed on Surajbhan Singh and others for grievous hurt (IPC s.326) and related offences arising from a land dispute. The High Court had reduced the sentence to the seve…

The deceased Basanti Devi died from severe burns allegedly inflicted by her in‑laws after a dowry demand for a cow and a gold ring. The prosecution's case rested on a dying declaration recorded by an ASI and the statements of the deceased's mother (PW‑13) and brother (PW‑14), who were interested witnesses. The trial co…

The respondent, an Upper Division Clerk in a Kendriya Vidyalaya, was found to have entered the Principal's office while fully drunk during duty hours, an act admitted by him. A disciplinary authority, after his admission, imposed removal from service under the Central Civil Services (Conduct) Rules. The High Court late…

The husband and wife lived together in Delhi for a month before the wife returned to her parents in Ambikapur. Two years later her father filed an FIR under Section 498A IPC alleging cruelty. The High Court held that the cruelty continued and that the Ambikapur court had jurisdiction. On appeal, the Supreme Court exami…

The appellants filed a suit seeking declaration, mandatory and permanent injunctions, and rendition of accounts concerning immovable properties, companies and partnership firms, alleging a family settlement dated 20‑12‑2007. The trial court granted a temporary injunction restraining the parties from selling or charging…

The deceased, a 26‑year‑old unmarried man, was killed in a road accident. His parents and unmarried sister filed a claim under s.166 of the Motor Vehicles Act, 1988 for compensation. The Motor Accident Claims Tribunal awarded Rs 8,66,000, applying a 50% deduction for personal and living expenses and a multiplier of 17 …

Raghuvir Singh, a conductor with Haryana Roadways, was arrested in 1994 on a criminal charge of ticket‑money misappropriation and was terminated from service without a proper enquiry or show‑cause notice. After being acquitted in 2002, he sought reinstatement; the dispute was referred by the State Government to the Lab…

Harjit Kaur, a married woman, died on 6 April 1990 after alleged dowry harassment by her husband and father‑in‑law (the appellant). The prosecution charged both accused under IPC sections 498A (cruelty) and 3048 (dowry death). While the Sessions Court convicted them under both sections and the High Court reduced the 30…

Vinayak Narayan Deosthali, an assistant manager of UCO Bank, was convicted for diverting Rs 7.75 crore of public funds belonging to the Engineering Export Promotion Council (EEPC) to the private account of broker Harshad S. Mehta. The Special Court found that he issued bank receipts for securities that did not exist, f…

The Life Insurance Corporation of India (LIC) advertised a peon post with a maximum qualification of Class IX, excluding candidates with higher education. Triveni Sharan Mishra, a graduate pursuing an M.A., applied claiming only higher secondary qualification and was appointed. After two years, LIC discovered his highe…

The appellant, Pundappa Yankappa Pujari, was charged with murder after allegedly assaulting Mahantappa with an axe during a boundary stone dispute, resulting in Mahantappa's death. The trial court acquitted the accused, but the Karnataka High Court set aside the acquittal and convicted him under Section 302 IPC, imposi…

The case concerned the murder of Channegowda, who was attacked with choppers by three accused. The trial court convicted accused No.2 (Seena @ Srinivasa) under Section 302 IPC and accused No.3 under the same section. The High Court modified the conviction of accused No.2 to Section 326 IPC and acquitted accused No.3, p…

Arjun Jadav was convicted of murder in 1991 and sentenced to life imprisonment simplicitor. He served more than 20 years, including remission, and his wife’s two mercy petitions were rejected; the Superintendent of Alipore Central Jail later recommended his release. Jadav filed a writ petition under Article 32, arguing…

The respondents filed a suit seeking a declaration of title and a permanent injunction against the Gwalior Municipal Corporation, claiming ancestral ownership of a one‑bigha parcel of land. The trial court dismissed the suit, holding that the land belonged to the municipality and that the suit was not maintainable with…

The dispute concerned the respondent's traditional easementary right of access, which the appellant allegedly blocked by constructing walls. The respondent initially approached the Mamlatdar under Section 4 of the Mamlatdar's Court Act, but the application was dismissed; the Additional Collector later ordered the Mamla…

The appellant Suryakant Bitale was acquitted by the Sessions Court of offences under Sections 302 and 498A IPC relating to the death of his wife, Archana, who suffered severe burns. The complainant, her father Dilip Kale, sought revision of the acquittal under Section 397 of the CrPC, alleging misappreciation of two dy…

The appellant, Pradeep Kumar, was convicted under Sections 304‑B (dowry death) and 498‑A (cruelty) of the IPC for the death of his wife Manju, who died from burns nine months after marriage. The prosecution relied on her dying declaration, which contained an initial statement of accident that was later found to be tuto…

The appellant, Davinder Singh, was married to Amarjit Kaur who died within seven months of marriage from severe burns. Prior to her death, she had telephonically complained of harassment and dowry demands by her husband and in‑laws, a fact corroborated by her brother and maternal uncle who witnessed the incident. The p…

The CBI filed a criminal case against Jagjit Singh and others for cheating and forgery under Sections 420 and 471 IPC, alleging that they obtained bank loans through forged documents with the collusion of bank officials. The accused later settled the debt with Indian Overseas Bank by complying with an order of the Debt…

The appellant, a Development Officer of Life Insurance Corporation of India, claimed a deduction of 40% of his incentive bonus in his income‑tax returns, arguing that the amount represented expenses incurred in canvassing business. The Income Tax authorities rejected the claim, holding that the bonus formed part of his…

Amar Singh Yadav, a police constable, was convicted for murdering his wife and three of his children by locking them in a van and setting it ablaze. The trial court relied on the dying declarations of the wife and two daughters, which were corroborated by injured eyewitnesses, to uphold convictions under Sections 302, …

The appellant, an unpaid candidate working as a revenue clerk since July 1985, had her service terminated on 20 April 1998. She challenged the termination before the Maharashtra Administrative Tribunal, which on 24 November 2011 set aside the termination and directed regularisation of her service in accordance with the…

The appellant, Manohar Lal, was convicted under Section 3048 of the IPC for the alleged dowry death of his wife, who died from burn injuries within seven years of marriage. The prosecution alleged that the deceased was subjected to cruelty and harassment for dowry, culminating in her death, and charged the appellant un…

The Kaikara Construction Company entered into a work contract with the State of Kerala and later claimed that it had completed a major portion of the work, while the State contended only 41% was done and withheld payment. The contractor invoked Section 11(6) of the Arbitration and Conciliation Act, 1996 seeking appoint…

The appellants sought compensation for 36 acres of land acquired in Mussoorie for the extension of the Lal Bahadur Shastri National Academy. The High Court had applied the "belting area" principle, presuming the entire tract to be sloppy and hilly, and rejected the claim for 12% enhanced compensation under Section 23(1…

The case involved the abduction and murder of Mani alias Parai Mani, a quarry leaseholder, by accused Paramasivam and two others. The prosecution proved motive, the victim's last sighting with the accused, DNA identification of the exhumed body, and recovered incriminating items obtained through confessional statements…

The appellant Duryodhan Rout was convicted of rape, murder and concealment of evidence of a ten‑year‑old girl based solely on circumstantial evidence and his own confession recorded under Section 27 of the Evidence Act. The trial court sentenced him to death for murder, rigorous imprisonment for the rape and concealmen…

The case concerned the murder of Manikandan, who was allegedly abducted, beaten, and strangulated by accused persons 1 to 3, with the body later recovered from a borewell. The trial court convicted accused 1, 2 and 3 under IPC sections 364, 302 and 201 read with section 34, relying mainly on circumstantial evidence, th…

The case involved a Rs 65 crore investment in CANCIGO units of Canbank Mutual Fund (CMF) by four subscribers, where B. Raghuvir Acharya (Trustee/General Manager) and Hiten P. Dalal (approved broker) were alleged to have obtained a false brokerage of Rs 32.5 lakhs. The Special Court convicted Acharya and Dalal, but acqu…

The landlord filed an eviction suit which was dismissed by the trial court; the appellate court reversed that decision, finding that the landlord had a bona‑fide need for the premises under Section 7(5) of the Maharashtra Rent Control Act and ordered the tenants to vacate. The tenants obtained a writ of certiorari from…