SANJAY KAROL

The appellant Raju was convicted of kidnapping, gang rape and wrongful confinement under IPC sections 366, 376(2)(g) and 342, and of an offence under the SC/ST Act 3(2)(v). The prosecution relied primarily on the uncorroborated but consistent testimony of the prosecutrix, who described being abducted, gagged, and sexua…

Pankaj Srivastava filed a writ petition seeking a compassionate appointment as a clerk after the death of his father, a Bank of India employee. The bank opposed, invoking Clause 10(iv) of its compassionate appointment scheme and a 2002 board letter that required Government approval where disciplinary proceedings could …

The Bank of Baroda issued a possession notice under the SARFAESI Act to recover defaulted loans, but a clerical error inflated the outstanding amount, leading the borrower Phoenix India to allege defamation and file a criminal complaint under Sections 499, 500 and 501 IPC against the Bank's senior officers. The magistr…

The appellant, Ravish Singh Rana, was accused by his live-in partner of raping her after refusing to marry, leading to FIR No. 482 of 2023 under IPC sections 376, 323, 504 and 506. The appellant sought quash of the FIR invoking Section 528 of the Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita, arguing that the two-year cohabitatio…

The Narcotics Control Bureau seized a large quantity of alleged heroin from Man Singh Verma, who was arrested and placed in judicial custody. After two laboratory tests returned negative results, the Special Judge ordered his release on 10 April 2023. Despite his release, the Allahabad High Court entertained a pending …

Dr. Sheikh Javeed Ahmad and Dr. Abdul Hamid Rather were appointed as Senior Residents in Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation at SKIMS with the promise of sponsorship for a two‑year diploma and subsequent appointment as Assistant Professors. The diploma could not be obtained because the sponsoring institute failed to sec…

The appellant was convicted under sections 323, 352, 504 of the IPC and section 8(2) of the Goa Children’s Act, 2003 for allegedly hitting a child with a school bag. The High Court reduced the sentences, but the appellant challenged the conviction for child abuse and the applicability of probation. The Supreme Court ex…

The appellant, Ravindra Pratap Shahi, challenged the prolonged delay in pronouncing a judgment in a criminal appeal pending before the Allahabad High Court since 2008, which was heard and reserved for orders on 24 December 2021 but remained undelivered for almost a year. The Supreme Court examined whether such delay vi…

The suit concerned the partition of ancestral lands belonging to the deceased Dasabovi, who had two wives – the plaintiffs' mother (first wife) and Chowdamma (second wife). The plaintiffs claimed that their mother was lawfully married to Dasabovi and therefore entitled to a share of the property, while the defendants d…

The deceased Silak Ram died in a motorcycle accident on 4 August 2015. His family filed a claim before the Motor Accident Claims Tribunal (MACT) which awarded Rs 19,35,400 with 7.5% interest. The Punjab & Haryana High Court reduced the award to Rs 9,22,336, relying on the deceased’s age as 47 years derived from his Aad…

A.S. Pharma Pvt. Ltd. filed a complaint under Section 138 of the Negotiable Instruments Act, 1881 against Nayati Medical Pvt. Ltd. The respondents offered to settle and applied to compound the offence under Section 320 of the Cr.P.C., but the trial court dismissed the application. The Delhi High Court then exercised it…

Jyoti Devi underwent an appendectomy at Suket Hospital and later suffered chronic abdominal pain. Investigation revealed a 2.5 cm needle left in her abdomen, necessitating a second surgery. She claimed medical negligence and sought compensation; the District Consumer Forum awarded Rs 5 lakhs, the State Commission reduc…

The appellant was accused of murdering his nephew after the two were last seen together at a river and later at a cashew field. The prosecution relied on the "last seen together" theory, a recovered stone alleged to be the weapon, and a motive based on alleged marital suspicions, but no direct evidence linked the appel…

Moushmi Ann Jacob owned 14.57 acres of land classified as paddy land and applied to change its nature under the Kerala Conservation of Paddy Land and Wetland Act, 2008 to obtain an education loan. The State demanded a conversion fee of 10% of the fair value of the entire land, invoking a 2021 Government Notification th…

Rambalak was charged under IPC sections 419, 420, 467, 468 and 471. The Allahabad High Court rejected his second bail application and, while exercising its bail jurisdiction, directed the trial court to issue summons under CrPC ss.62 and 69 and to take coercive measures against persons delaying the proceedings. The Sup…

The appellant, Ramayan Singh, filed an FIR alleging that Respondent No.2 (Vivek Pal) and co-accused Punit Pal violently assaulted his uncle, resulting in the uncle's death. Both accused were charged under multiple IPC sections, the Criminal Law Amendment Act, 2013 and were initially denied bail by the trial court. The …

The appellant, Rofiqul Hoque, was declared a foreigner by the Foreigners Tribunal in Assam for allegedly entering India after 25 March 1971, a finding upheld by the Gauhati High Court. He challenged the declaration, arguing that his name appeared in the draft National Register of Citizens (NRC) in 2018 and that minor d…

The State of Rajasthan appealed against the Rajasthan High Court’s order quashing FIR No.131 of 2022, which alleged that the respondent, Surendra Singh Rathore, demanded bribes for bio‑diesel sales and license renewals. A first FIR (No.123 of 2022) dealt with a specific bribe demand on 4 April 2022, while a second FIR,…

Maya Singh died leaving a registered Will dated 16 May 1991 that bequeathed his 67-kanal land to his nephew, Gurdial Singh, while omitting any reference to his wife, Jagir Kaur, and providing no reason for her disinheritance. The nephew sued to enforce the Will, and the wife filed a separate suit claiming she was the l…

The appellants, who are the legal heirs of Dhaiya, a Scheduled Tribe woman, filed a suit for partition of land that belonged to their maternal grandfather, claiming that their mother was entitled to an equal share. The trial court and the High Court dismissed the suit, holding that the plaintiffs failed to prove any cu…

The Tamil Nadu Medical Services Corporation (TNMSC), a government‑owned company, employed a number of workers who sought regularisation under the Tamil Nadu Industrial Establishments (Conferment of Permanent Status to Workmen) Act, 1981. An Inspector of Labour found that 53 workers had completed the requisite 480 days …

The appellant, Ankit Mishra, alleged that respondent No.2, Abdul Razzak, a known gangster, hurled obscene abuses and death threats at him in a hospital, leading to FIR No.176 of 2023 under IPC sections 195A, 294 and 506. The High Court of Madhya Pradesh granted anticipatory bail to the respondent under Section 438 of t…

The case involved a complaint by Mohammad Kaleem regarding the murder of Ammar, wherein the complainant sought to summon two additional persons, Rajendra and Mausam, as accused under Section 319 of the Criminal Procedure Code. The Trial Court and the Allahabad High Court rejected the application, holding that the evide…

Mala Devi, the widow of a temporary railway employee who died in harness after 9 years 8 months of service, sought family pension under the Railway Pension Rules, 1993. The Central Administrative Tribunal and the Patna High Court dismissed her claim, holding that her husband’s service was not regularized and that the t…

The appellant Shiv Baran filed a criminal appeal against the High Court's order quashing a summons issued under Section 319 of the CrPC against Rajendra Prasad Yadav, who was not charge-sheeted but named in the FIR. The trial court had earlier summoned Rajendra based on eyewitness statements that he was present at the …

The appellants, who are relatives of a husband, were summoned in a complaint under IPC sections 498A, 323, 504, 506 and Dowry Act s.4 after the husband’s marriage had been dissolved by an ex‑parte divorce decree on 31‑05‑2012. The complaint, filed three years after the divorce, alleged that the appellants had visited t…

Air Commodore N.K. Sharma, a Judge Advocate General (Air) in the Indian Air Force, claimed that the Ministry of Defence failed to form a policy for filling the upgraded AVM JAG (Air) post and that his promotion was unjustly denied. He filed a complaint under Section 27 of the Air Force Act, which led the Armed Forces T…

The appellant, Ashok Dhankad, challenged a Delhi High Court order that granted regular bail to accused wrestler Sushil Kumar under Section 483 of the Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita, 2023, in connection with an FIR alleging abduction, assault with dangerous weapons, and the death of a complainant's son. The High Cou…

In 1947 a mother, Thayammal, executed a First Settlement Deed granting interests in her property to her two sons and her daughter. Subsequent deeds in 1952 and later altered those interests, ultimately leaving the daughter’s husband, Gopalakrishnan, claiming a vested right as heir of the daughter under the First Settle…

The appellants, legal representatives of two deceased motorcyclists, claimed compensation under Section 166 of the Motor Vehicles Act, 1988, alleging that a canter lorry driven by respondent No.1 caused the fatal accident. The Motor Accident Claims Tribunal and the Karnataka High Court dismissed the claims, finding tha…

The case arose from the death of N. Subramanya by electrocution and a similar injury to Muizz Ahmad Shariff, leading the victims' families to file writ petitions under Article 226 seeking compensation from Karnataka Power Transmission Corporation Limited (KPTC). The High Court had entertained the petitions, held them m…

The appellants, employees of the Air Force Group Insurance Society (AFGIS), challenged the Society's decision to revise their pay scales without linking them to the Sixth Pay Commission, filing writ petitions in the Delhi High Court. The High Court dismissed the petitions, holding that AFGIS could not be classified as …

The appellant Jothi @ Nagajothi and her husband were intercepted by police who seized 23.5 kg of ganja and seized cash, drawing two samples (S-1 and S-2) at the spot and forwarding one for forensic analysis. The trial court convicted them under Sections 8(c) r/w 20(b)(ii)(C) and 8(c) r/w 29(1) of the NDPS Act, imposing…

Shatrughn Yadav was appointed as a Technician (Process) by The Fertilizers and Chemicals Travancore Ltd. (F.A.C.T.) and declared on his attestation form that no criminal case was pending against him. Six months later the employer discovered a Non‑Cognizable Report (NCR) dated 03‑04‑2019 under IPC sections 323 and 504 a…

The appellant, the Commissioner of Bruhat Bangalore Mahanagara Palike, was sued for injuries suffered by a passenger when a branch from a roadside tree fell on a stationary auto‑rickshaw during heavy rain. The passenger filed a claim under the Motor Vehicles Act, 1988, seeking compensation, which was initially dismisse…

The dispute concerned a 95.80‑acre family property originally transferred in 1960 to the appellant, Makardhwaj Ram, and his mother. Subsequent sales by a cousin acting under a General Power of Attorney were later cancelled, leading to multiple suits challenging those sales, all of which were dismissed. The appellant la…

Surekha Domaji Bele, an Upper Division Clerk with over two decades of service at MSEDCL, was suspended in 2006 for alleged indiscipline and related misconduct. A domestic enquiry was held but later declared unfair, leading to a de novo adjudication before the Labour Court where misconduct was proved. The employer dismi…

The District Civil Surgeon, acting as the appropriate authority under the Pre‑Natal Diagnostic Techniques (Prohibition of Sex Selection) Act, 1994, conducted a search, seized Dr. Ramesh’s sonography equipment and issued a notice under s.20(1) of the Act. Dr. Ramesh appeared before the Advisory Committee, which found pr…

The Supreme Court heard appeals by Harpreet Sawhney against Puneet Sharma challenging the Delhi High Court's maintenance order. The husband argued that deductions for Provident Fund and Employee Stock Purchase Plans (ESPPs) were compulsory, reducing his net income, while the wife contended they were voluntary and shoul…

The accused, Dr. Anand Rai, was charged under several IPC provisions and the SC/ST Act for allegedly taking part in a stone‑throwing scuffle at a public event. He sought discharge under s.227 CrPC, arguing that the SC/ST charges lacked essential ingredients such as the victim’s caste status and his knowledge of it. The…

The case concerned a parcel of shamlatdeh (village common) land in Punjab/Haryana that had been granted rent‑free to Narain Dass as a bhondedar in return for secular services to the village temple. Narain Dass later sold the land to Lajja Ram and his sons, who claimed ownership. The village inhabitants and the land pro…

The appellant, Amlesh Kumar, was charged with multiple offences including dowry harassment and murder after his wife went missing. While seeking regular bail, the High Court of Patna accepted the Sub‑Divisional Police Officer's proposal to conduct narco‑analysis tests on all accused and witnesses. The Supreme Court hel…

Malkit Singh, president of the Manimajara Vyaapar Mandal, filed a writ petition seeking the removal of fruit‑vendors, hawkers and other street sellers who were encroaching on public paths, roads and property in Chandigarh, alleging nuisance and traffic hazards. The High Court dismissed the petition and imposed costs, p…

The appellant, a self‑employed mechanic with 30 years of experience, suffered a road accident on 23‑04‑2013 resulting in a 17% whole‑body disability as certified by Dr. Alok Mehta. The Motor Accidents Claims Tribunal awarded Rs.87,700 as loss of future income, which the High Court enhanced to Rs.1,27,700, both based on…

The appellant, an officiating director of a medical institute, reprimanded an assistant professor in a high‑pitched voice for filing complaints against him during the COVID‑19 pandemic. The professor filed an FIR alleging offences under Sections 269, 270 and 504 of the Indian Penal Code, claiming the director's admonit…

The State of Uttar Pradesh appealed against a High Court order that granted bail to the accused Anurudh and directed that a medical board determine the victim's age in all POCSO cases. The accused was charged under IPC sections 363 and 366 and POCSO sections 7 and 8 for allegedly abducting a 12‑year‑old girl. The High …

Mahaveer, a director of a steel company, was charged under Sections 39 and 44 of the Electricity Act, 1910 for alleged theft of electricity and tampering with a meter box that had three holes. The trial court acquitted him, finding the prosecution failed to prove the use of artificial means or any tampering. The High C…

The appellant, an 8‑year‑old child, suffered permanent disability after being struck by a negligent vehicle in 2012 and filed a claim under Section 166 of the Motor Vehicle Act, 1988. The Motor Accident Claims Tribunal awarded Rs.3.90 lakh, assessing only 30% disability and providing a modest loss‑of‑earnings component…

The dispute concerned three settlement deeds executed by the deceased parents in favour of their elder son, which the appellant, Dr. C.S. Prasad, claimed were obtained fraudulently by the respondents exploiting the parents' age and medical vulnerability. He filed a criminal complaint in 2020, leading to FIR No. 229 of …

The complainant, Sumit Bansal, entered into a sale agreement with MGI Developers and its proprietor Manoj Goyal, paying the full consideration. When the sale deeds were not executed, the parties issued several cheques—both from the firm and personally by the proprietor—which were subsequently dishonoured and statutory …

The West Bengal State Electricity Transmission Co. Ltd. advertised 30 Junior Engineer posts, including one unreserved vacancy reserved for persons with disability‑low vision (UR‑PWD‑LV) and five posts for OBC‑A. Respondent No.1, a PWD‑LV candidate, applied for the unreserved post and scored 55.667 marks, while Responde…

The appellant, Muskan, married Ishaan Khan in 2020 and later alleged dowry harassment by her husband and his family, filing complaints in early 2023 and an FIR in January 2024 under Section 498A IPC and Sections 3 and 4 Dowry Prohibition Act. The respondents filed a petition under Section 482 of the Cr.PC seeking quash…

The deceased, an Assistant Engineer aged 51, died in a road accident and his wife and children claimed compensation under Section 166 of the Motor Vehicles Act, 1988. The Motor Accidents Claims Tribunal awarded Rs.44,04,912, applying a multiplier of 9 and other heads of loss. The Kerala High Court reduced the loss of d…

The appellant’s husband, Rajesh, who runs a lending firm, was declared a ‘notorious goonda’ and detained under Section 3(1) of the Kerala Anti‑Social Activities (Prevention) Act, 2007 based on a police recommendation citing several criminal cases. He was already on bail in those cases, and the detaining authority did n…

Hindustan Organic Chemicals Ltd. (HOCL) occupied a premises leased from the Harchandrai family for over three decades before the landlords served a notice of termination in 2000 and obtained an eviction decree. After a protracted litigation spanning more than 25 years, the Supreme Court examined the appropriate per‑squ…

The appellant Raja Khan was convicted for murder and concealment of evidence based on circumstantial evidence, including a weapon and gold chains recovered after his alleged disclosure under Section 27 of the Evidence Act. The prosecution relied on the recovery of a stone, a gandasa, and gold chains, as well as testimo…

The appellant, Bishwajit Dey, owned a truck that was stopped at a police checkpoint in Assam where two soap boxes containing 24.8 g of heroin were discovered. The drug was found in the vehicle but the charge‑sheet named only a third‑party occupant, Md Dimpul Ali, as the accused; the owner and driver were not alleged to…

The Union of India, as railway authority, issued demand notices alleging mis‑declaration of goods under Section 66 of the Railways Act, 1989, after the consignments had been delivered. The respondents paid the demands but later sought refunds, contending that such post‑delivery notices were illegal under Sections 73 an…

The complainant, a betel nut trader, was threatened at gunpoint by the accused and his associates, who demanded a monthly payment of five lakh rupees and attempted to kidnap him. The trial court issued a summons under Section 387 of the Indian Penal Code (IPC) for putting the complainant in fear of death to commit exto…

The appellant, Saroj Salkan, filed a partition suit under Section 6 of the Hindu Succession Act seeking division of five properties inherited from her father, Major General Budh Singh, against the legal heirs of her brother and sister. The Single Judge of the Delhi High Court dismissed the suit under Order XII Rule 6 o…

The appellant Vijay Bahadur contested the election of Gram Pradhan in Chaka village, alleging a discrepancy of 19 votes between the Presiding Officer’s oral statement (1194 votes) and Form 46 (1213 votes) and claiming irregularities such as missing poll‑booth diaries and police interference. He filed an election petiti…

The case involved a long‑standing family dispute over 79 agricultural parcels in Tiruchirappalli, where the plaintiff sought a one‑fourth share of the properties alleging they were joint Hindu family assets, while the appellant claimed several parcels were self‑acquired and that alienations by the family head were vali…

The appellant filed an FIR alleging his sister was shot by her husband, based on a nine‑year‑old niece’s information. The deceased gave two statements to police under Section 161 CrPC, first naming the husband and later implicating the husband’s mother, brother and brother‑in‑law as instigators; she later died. The pro…

The appeal arose from a motor accident in which the deceased, Mr. T. Ramu, was killed when his car was rear‑ended by a lorry; his legal representatives claimed compensation from National Insurance Co. Ltd., the insurer of the vehicle. The High Court had held that the policy was a comprehensive one and thus covered the …

The father of the appellants filed a criminal complaint in 2007 alleging that while on Haj pilgrimage the accused forged his signature and created bogus partition and sale deeds to insert their names into revenue records. Despite multiple orders, the investigation stalled, case papers were lost, and a re‑investigation …

The Greater Mohali Area Development Authority (GMADA) launched a residential flat scheme and accepted payments from buyers, including Anupam Garg, who later withdrew due to delayed possession. The State Consumer Disputes Redressal Commission ordered GMADA to refund the amounts paid with 8% interest and also to compensa…

Harina​gar Sugar Mills Ltd. (Biscuit Division) (HSML) applied to close its biscuit unit after Britannia Industries terminated a 32‑year job‑work agreement. The State Government, through a Deputy Secretary, sent a letter on 25 September 2019 asking HSML to resubmit its application, claiming the original lacked cogent re…

The complainant company alleged that the appellants forged documents to obtain a property measurement and sought registration of a FIR. After filing complaints with the Deputy Superintendent of Land Records, the authority declined coercive action and referred the matter to the police, which returned the case to the lan…

Rousanara Begum married S.K. Salahuddin in 2005 and divorced him in 2011. At the time of marriage her father gave Rs 7 lakh and 30 bhori of gold, which the appellant sought to recover under Section 3 of the Muslim Women (Protection of Rights on Divorce) Act, 1986. Lower courts awarded partial amounts, but the Calcutta …

The State of Punjab appealed a High Court order that granted regular bail to Balraj Singh, who was accused of directing a heroin trafficking network from inside jail and was charged under Sections 21(c), 29, 61 and 85 of the NDPS Act. The High Court had relied on the length of the respondent's custody and the anticipat…

The marriage between Dr. Sonal Talpada and Dr. Veerbhan Singh, solemnised in 2007, quickly deteriorated, with the parties cohabiting for only two to three months and living apart for about fifteen years thereafter. The husband filed a divorce petition in 2009 alleging cruelty, primarily the wife's persistent refusal to…

The appellant, Shankar, was convicted for brutally beating his wife, Sugna Bai, pouring kerosene on her and setting her on fire, resulting in her death. The trial court sentenced him to life imprisonment under Section 302 IPC and a year under Section 342 IPC, relying heavily on the victim's dying declaration. On appeal…

The appellant borrowed Rs.2,00,000 from the complainant and issued a cheque which was later dishonoured for insufficient funds. The complainant filed a criminal complaint under Section 138 of the Negotiable Instruments Act, while the appellant simultaneously filed a civil suit seeking a declaration that the same cheque…

The appellant obtained a decree for possession in 1986, which became final on 9 November 2000. Seeking to enforce the decree, the appellant filed an execution application before the Tehsildar on 18 December 2000, which was rejected on 29 January 2005 on the ground of lack of jurisdiction. The appellant then filed a fre…

Manoranjan Pandey, a 39‑year‑old construction contractor and sole breadwinner, died in a road accident on 29 May 2018. His legal representatives filed a claim under Section 166 of the Motor Vehicles Act, 1988, and the Motor Accident Claims Tribunal awarded Rs 2.27 crore based on the deceased’s income tax return (ITR) f…

Chandrikaben Kishor Dafda appealed against the High Court's refusal to quash a criminal case initiated for allegedly suppressing her spouse's property in an election affidavit filed for the 2015 municipal councillor election. The trial magistrate had taken cognizance under Section 125A of the Representation of Peoples …

The suit concerned a partition of land and houses belonging to the late Dajiba, claimed by his four daughters and his wife Darubai. The daughters sought a 4/5 share, while Darubai, as the original defendant, argued she could sell part of the property as karta of the family under the doctrine of legal necessity. The low…

The appellants, former night‑guard casual labourers of the Department of Posts, were granted "temporary status" under the 1991 Casual Labourers Scheme and later treated at par with temporary Group ‘D’ employees after three years of service, but were never formally regularised. They sought pension and family‑pension ben…

The appellant, Jai Prakash Saini, was an in‑charge of a paddy procurement centre of U.P. Cooperative Federation Ltd. He was served with a charge‑sheet alleging short delivery of paddy and embezzlement of Rs. 2,00,850. A departmental enquiry found the charges proved and dismissed him, also ordering recovery of the amoun…