VIKRAM NATH

The appellants, large industrial consumers and captive power generators, challenged the Rajasthan Electricity Regulatory Commission's (RERC) 2016 Open Access Regulations, alleging that they exceeded RERC's jurisdiction over inter‑state open access, imposed unreasonable penalties for drawal variations, required a 24‑hou…

The appellant, Faime Makers Pvt. Ltd., owned a parcel of land in Mumbai after acquiring it from Byramjee Jeejeebhoy Private Limited. The respondent society applied for a Unilateral Certificate of Deemed Conveyance under Section 11 of the Maharashtra Ownership of Flats Act, 1963, which was dismissed on 22 February 2021 …

The appellant, Kuldeep Singh, was charged under Sections 366, 376 and 506 IPC for alleged abduction and rape of his wife, Respondent No.3, after she filed a statement alleging forced marriage. The appellant contended that the marriage was solemnised voluntarily under Sikh rites and that, under Exception 2 to Section 37…

The marriage between Sau. Jiya and Kuldeep was dissolved by a family court on the ground of cruelty, a decree later affirmed by the High Court. After the husband remarried in 2019, the parties disputed a permanent alimony settlement, with the wife seeking a lump‑sum amount and the husband contesting his income and asse…

The workmen, employed as gardeners in the Ghaziabad Nagar Nigam's horticulture department since the late 1990s, alleged that they were dismissed orally in July 2005 while a conciliation proceeding was pending, without notice or retrenchment compensation. They claimed the termination violated Sections 6E and 6N of the U…

The appellant, Bharat Sher Singh Kalsia, purchased a portion of land from a Power of Attorney (PoA) holder who had been authorized by the landowners to manage, sell, and register their property. A FIR was lodged alleging criminal offences under Sections 409, 467, 468, 471 and 420 IPC, claiming the sale deed was fraudul…

The Additional Tahsildar filed a writ petition challenging an order of the Kerala Upa Lokayukta that directed the correction of revenue records and tax collection concerning a property owned by the respondents. The respondents had earlier lodged a complaint with the Lokayukta seeking such correction, and the Upa Lokayu…

The dispute involved a property originally leased to Burma Shell Oil Storage and Distribution Company, whose lease expired on 31‑12‑1997. The respondent, the absolute owner, filed a suit in 2006 seeking possession of the property, which was decreed in 2010, but did not claim damages for the period of unlawful occupatio…

The appellant, ELDECO Housing, filed a suit for specific performance of a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) dated 31‑08‑1998 concerning the sale of a property, after learning that the vendor was attempting to sell to third parties. The respondent filed an application under Order VII Rule 11(d) CPC seeking dismissal of …

The appellants, serving officers of the Armed Forces, applied for the post of Village Development Officer in Uttar Pradesh under the Ex‑Servicemen category after obtaining No‑Objection Certificates. The advertisement required candidates to be Ex‑Servicemen as of the last date of application (10‑Feb‑2016) and to possess…

Jasminbhai Bharatbhai Kothari, convicted under IPC Section 302 read with Section 34 and the Arms Act, sought an extension of temporary bail, which the Gujarat High Court refused. While filing a Special Leave Petition (SLP) before the Supreme Court, he also filed an interlocutory application seeking exemption from surre…

The appellants were appointed as temporary part‑time sweepers under a Special Recruitment Drive to fill vacant, sanctioned posts in the Madhya Pradesh Veterinary Department. They sought regular pay‑scale benefits under a 1984 circular that granted revised pay‑scale to temporary employees after three years of service, a…

The deceased owner of a property allegedly named his tenants as abettors in a suicide note, leading the police to detain the tenants and demolish the premises with the help of the deceased's relatives. The two tenants filed complaints under Section 156(3) of the Cr.P.C., which were initially mishandled by the magistrat…

The appellant, a practising advocate and former army officer, repeatedly threatened a lady counsel, failed to appear before the Delhi High Court despite several adjournments, and filed baseless applications maligning judges, prompting the High Court to invoke its suo motu contempt jurisdiction. The High Court convicted…

The appellants were appointed as temporary Accounts Clerks in 1992 under a scheme‑based notification and served continuously for more than 25 years, undergoing promotions through a Departmental Promotional Committee. Their applications for regularization were rejected by the Central Administrative Tribunal and upheld b…

The CBI investigated a violent attack on the house of Sekh Jamir Hossain that occurred on the day election results were announced in West Bengal, where a mob assaulted the complainant, looted his property and molested his wife. The accused, including politically influential respondents, were arrested and a charge‑sheet…

Rakhi Sadhukhan filed for divorce from Raja Sadhukhan and was awarded permanent alimony of Rs.20,000 per month with a 5% increase every three years by the Calcutta High Court. She later contended that the amount was insufficient given the husband’s higher income and the standard of living she enjoyed during the marriag…

The mother, a working professional, filed a petition seeking permanent custody of her two minor children, alleging the father might forcibly remove them. The Family Court restrained the father and granted limited visitation, which the father appealed. The High Court then ordered a 15‑day monthly interim custody for eac…

The appellant, a wife, sought maintenance under Section 18 of the Hindu Adoption and Maintenance Act after separating from her husband, who later obtained an ex‑parte divorce decree and remarried. The Family Court granted modest maintenance, which the High Court later enhanced, but the appellant argued that the respond…

The appellants, Vishnu Kumar Shukla and his wife, were charged under IPC sections 448, 454 and 380 for allegedly breaking into a shop and stealing goods. They contended that the complaint was frivolous, based on a forged tenancy agreement, and that the FIR was an abuse of process. The trial magistrate rejected their di…

The appellants were convicted under Section 307 of the Indian Penal Code for attempting to murder the complainant, based on an incident where they allegedly tried to stab him with knives, causing only simple abrasions. The trial court sentenced them to ten years' rigorous imprisonment, which the High Court reduced to f…

The dispute concerned a 11,200 sq ft parcel in Nachimuthu Nagar that was earmarked for public purpose in a layout plan approved in 1978 and revised in 1981 under the Tamil Nadu Town and Country Planning Act. After the original owner, Nachimuthu Mudaliar, died in 2004, his heirs sold the land to the appellants in 2009 a…

The plaintiff filed a suit for specific performance of a 1999 agreement to sell land, but the agreement was marked as Exhibit‑1 with an objection for insufficient stamp duty. The trial court dismissed the suit, holding the agreement inadmissible under the Indian Stamp Act, 1899. The Calcutta High Court reversed that de…

The Chandigarh Administration appealed against several orders of the Punjab and Haryana High Court that directed the construction of a verandah in front of Court Room No.1 of the High Court and the laying of green paver blocks in a kutcha parking area. The Administration argued that the verandah could jeopardise the UN…

The appellants were charged under sections 120B, 420, 468 and 471 of the IPC and section 13(2) read with 13(1)(d) of the Prevention of Corruption Act for allegedly diverting bank funds. Parallel civil recovery proceedings before the Debt Recovery Tribunal were settled through a One Time Settlement (OTS) in which the ba…

The appellant, Batlanki Keshav (Kesava) Kumar Anurag, sought to quash FIR No. 103 of 2022 alleging offences under Section 376(2)(n) IPC and Section 3(2)(v) of the SC/ST (Prevention of Atrocities) Act, claiming the allegations of sexual relations under a false promise of marriage were fabricated. The de‑facto complainan…

The appellant, a former District Collector, was charged under Sections 409, 219 and 114 of the IPC for allegedly misusing his official position to restore government land to private allottees who were not cultivating it and were residing abroad. The High Court dismissed his application under Section 482 CrPC to quash t…

The appellant, Gambhir Singh, was convicted and sentenced to death for the murder of his brother, sister‑in‑law and their four children. The prosecution relied on three alleged incriminating circumstances – motive, last‑seen testimony and recoveries of weapons – to link the appellant to the crime. The Supreme Court hel…

Dr. Sheikh Javeed Ahmad and Dr. Abdul Hamid Rather were appointed as Senior Residents in Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation at SKIMS with the promise of sponsorship for a two‑year diploma and subsequent appointment as Assistant Professors. The diploma could not be obtained because the sponsoring institute failed to sec…

The appellant accused were convicted for kidnapping and gang‑rape of a village girl who was under 17 years of age at the time of the offences. The trial court and the High Court held that the victim was a minor, that she was held captive for two months, and that her testimony was reliable despite the absence of physica…

The plaintiffs, operating a petrol pump on a jointly owned property, claimed a specific performance of an oral agreement dated 06‑06‑1993 to purchase the land, alleging that the co‑owner brother had authority to bind the three sister co‑owners via a General Power of Attorney. The trial court dismissed the suit, finding…

The Supreme Court examined the conviction of two accused, Putai and Dileep, for the rape and murder of a 12‑year‑old girl, based solely on circumstantial evidence and forensic material. The trial and High Courts had upheld the death penalty for Putai and life imprisonment for Dileep, relying on recovered items, a sniff…

The appellant, Edelweiss Asset Reconstruction Ltd (EARC), challenged a Karnataka High Court order that dismissed its writ petition and directed the transfer of Rs.75 lakh deposited by it to the EPFO. The dispute arose from the default of Acropetal Technologies Ltd in paying provident fund dues, leading to EPFO assertin…

The appellants owned a property that was leased to Aditya Motors, a sole proprietorship of Pilla Durga Prasad. After the lease expired, the appellants filed an eviction suit against the lessee and its assignees. The suit was later amended to substitute the proprietor, Pilla Durga Prasad, in place of the firm. The defen…

The appellants, Suresh Thipmppa Shetty (A4) and Sadashiv Seena Salian (A2), were convicted under Sections 302 and 120B of the IPC for the murder of Mahendra Pratap Singh and sentenced to life imprisonment and fines. They appealed the conviction, arguing that they were not present in the car where the murder occurred an…

The State of Odisha appealed against the High Court’s order that quashed the cognizance taken by the Special District Judge, Bhubaneswar, of offences under sections 420, 467, 468, 471, 477(A), 120(B) and 34 of the IPC relating to a conspiracy to forge documents and illegally transfer government land. The FIR, lodged in…

The Karnataka State Financial Corporation (KSFC) recovered a debt from Hoysala Thermo Farmers Pvt. Ltd. and, after default, auctioned agricultural land (Sy. No.67) belonging to the managing director, G.M. Krishna. The appellant, R. Raghu, purchased the land at the auction and later obtained a sale certificate as truste…

The petitioner, Vasanta Sampat Dupare, was convicted of rape and murder of a four‑year‑old girl and sentenced to death, a sentence that was affirmed on appeal, reviewed, and followed by rejected mercy petitions. He filed a writ petition under Article 32 seeking a fresh sentencing hearing in accordance with the procedur…

The appellant was convicted for aggravated penetrative sexual assault of a five‑year‑old girl under Section 6 of the POCSO Act and Section 376AB IPC, and was sentenced to imprisonment for the remainder of his natural life. The offence occurred on 20 May 2019, before the 2019 amendment to Section 6 of the POCSO Act, whi…

The appellant, Sukdeb Saha, challenged the Andhra Pradesh High Court's refusal to transfer the investigation of his 17‑year‑old daughter's suspicious death at a coaching institute to the CBI. He alleged that the local police investigation was biased, incomplete, and that crucial forensic evidence and CCTV footage were …

The appellant, a mother‑in‑law, was accused of repeatedly torturing her daughter‑in‑law over dowry demands, leading the young woman to commit suicide by poison. The trial court convicted her under Sections 304B and 498A IPC and Sections 3 and 4 of the Dowry Prohibition Act, but the High Court acquitted her of those off…

The Builder Durga Builders purchased 235 acres in Faridabad to develop a residential colony and was contractually obliged to allocate plots to Economically Weaker Sections, No Profit No Loss (NPNL) and open‑market categories. The Builder failed to honour the allotment terms, prompting allottees to file Writ Petition (C…

The appellants, who were flat buyers, entered into a settlement with ICICI Bank and the builder to resolve disputes over loan repayment and possession of apartments. Under the settlement, the appellants paid the outstanding principal and pre‑EMI amounts, the builder contributed its share, and the bank waived interest a…

The appellant, accused No.1, was convicted of murder (s.302 IPC) for stabbing the deceased during a heated verbal quarrel, while co‑accused No.2 and No.3 were acquitted. The issue before the Supreme Court was whether the appellant's act fell under Exception 4 to s.300 IPC, thereby constituting culpable homicide not amo…

The Bar Council of Maharashtra and Goa referred a complaint filed by Khimji Devji Parmar against advocate Rajiv Narula to its Disciplinary Committee under Section 35 of the Advocates Act, alleging professional misconduct for identifying a plaintiff in consent terms of a civil suit. The Supreme Court examined whether di…

Shri Gurudatta Sugars Marketing Pvt. Ltd. entered into agreements with Cane Agro Energy Ltd., which failed to supply sugar and issued two cheques that were later dishonoured for insufficient funds. The appellant filed a complaint under the Negotiable Instruments Act and obtained an order of interim compensation under S…

The petitioners, displaced tea estate workers, and public interest litigants sought the removal of long‑standing encroachments and restoration of forest lands in the Agasthyamalai landscape, which includes the Singampatti Zamin forest leased to Bombay Burma Trading Corporation Limited for tea cultivation for over 95 ye…

The appellants purchased a flat and paid stamp duty, but later cancelled the booking due to the developer's delay and executed a cancellation deed on 17 March 2015, which was registered on 28 April 2015 after an amendment to Section 48(1) of the Maharashtra Stamp Act reduced the refund limitation period from two years …

The complainant filed Criminal Complaint No. 1828 of 2019 alleging offences under several sections of the IPC against the accused. The accused first filed a quashing petition under s.482 CrPC, which the High Court dismissed. Six months later they filed a second quashing petition on the same grounds, and the High Court …

The appellant, a Manager at the Head Office of HDFC Ltd., was charged in an FIR for allegedly suppressing the fact that a mortgaged property had been acquired by the Tamil Nadu Housing Board and for cheating the purchaser at a public auction conducted in 2012. He filed a petition under Section 482 of the CrPC seeking t…

The appellant, Sakina Sultanali Sunesara, challenged two consent decrees arising from compromises in suits concerning disputed land, alleging she had no notice of the compromises and that they were procured by fraud. She filed applications under Order XLIII Rule 1‑A to set aside the decrees, while the respondents argue…

The Shikshan Prasarak Mandal, a charitable society, faced a dispute over the validity of its 2002 executive elections after the President, Vice‑President, Secretary and other office‑bearers had died, leaving a Working President, Adv. Babasaheb Wasade, to manage affairs. Sixteen members requested a meeting to elect a ne…

The parties entered into an Agreement to Sell on 31 July 1975, which required the sellers to obtain permission from the District Magistrate within eight days and then inform the buyers, who were to execute the sale deed within fifteen days. The sellers never applied for permission, and the buyers filed a suit for speci…

The Supreme Court, acting suo moto, took cognizance of a news report of a child’s death from a stray dog bite in Delhi and issued directions to pick up, sterilise, deworm and vaccinate stray dogs across the National Capital Region, initially prohibiting their release back onto the streets. Several NGOs and individuals …

The appellants, Pitchu Mani and Esakkimuthu, were convicted of murder under Sections 302 and 302 read with 34 of the IPC based primarily on the testimony of the deceased's son and wife, who were interested witnesses. The appellants challenged the convictions, arguing that the witnesses could not have covered the 16 km …

The appellant, a non‑executive director of Procter & Gamble Hygiene Ltd., was summoned as an accused in a criminal complaint alleging that the company distributed expired drugs to an unlicensed dealer, violating the Drugs & Cosmetics Act, 1940. The appellant challenged the summoning order under Section 482 of the CrPC,…

The appellant, Ramanuj Kumar, filed a petition for divorce under Sections 13(1)(ia) and (iii) of the Hindu Marriage Act, alleging irretrievable breakdown of his marriage to Priyanka. The parties had been living separately for over eleven years, with the appellant caring for their elder daughter and the respondent carin…

The plaintiff Rehan Ahmed sued Ghulam Mohiuddin (Defendant No.1) and his brother Saeeduddin (Defendant No.2) for specific performance of a 1967 agreement to sell a house and shops in Jaipur. While the suit was pending, the parties entered into a compromise in 1978, which was later verified by the trial court and a decr…

The appellant, a BPL card holder, filed a complaint under Section 12 of the Consumer Protection Act, 1986 alleging that his 13‑year‑old son lost vision after a cataract surgery performed by the respondents. The District Consumer Disputes Redressal Commission found a deficiency in the medical services and awarded compen…

The appellant, Manish Yadav, was charged under the IPC for rape, assault and criminal intimidation and under the SC/ST Act for caste-based atrocities, based on allegations that he induced a consensual relationship through a false promise of marriage and later abused the complainant. The complainant’s statement under Se…

The appellants Thammaraya and Basappa were convicted for murder and concealment of dead body under Sections 302, 201 and 34 of the IPC based largely on circumstantial evidence and alleged disclosure statements that led to the recovery of certain articles. The prosecution's case hinged on the recovery of a gold chain, d…

The Supreme Court examined the approval of a resolution plan for ACIL Ltd., where the Committee of Creditors (CoC) had approved a plan with an 88.56% majority after multiple revisions. The National Company Law Tribunal (NCLT) had stayed the plan and ordered a re‑valuation of ACIL's assets by the Official Liquidator, a …

The appellant, who filed the FIR, was convicted along with three others for murder and related offences based on eyewitness testimony and forensic evidence. During the trial, the defence counsel admitted the genuineness of the prosecution's documents and dispensed with formal proof, invoking Section 294 of the CrPC. Th…

The appellant, a police constable, was summoned to the Senior Superintendent's office and allegedly detained illegally for six days during which he suffered severe genital mutilation and other injuries, as confirmed by medical reports. His wife complained to the police seeking registration of an FIR against the officia…

The case concerned allegations that the Superintendent of a women’s protection home in Patna administered intoxicating substances to inmates and facilitated their sexual exploitation. The accused, respondent No.2, was granted bail by the Patna High Court despite the victim not being notified, contrary to Section 15A(3)…

The dispute concerned the ownership of a 4‑acre 16‑gunta plot in Dasnapur village, claimed by the second wife of the deceased Metpalli Rajanna (Lasum Bai) under a registered Will dated 24 July 1974 and an oral family settlement. The trial court held that the Will was genuine, that it allocated a specific share to Lasum…

The appellants, engaged as Work Charged and Muster Roll workers in various departments of the Government of Assam before 1 April 1993, rendered continuous service for decades. The State, through a Cabinet decision dated 22 July 2005, regularized about 30,000 similarly situated workers, but due to clerical lapses the ap…

The appellant, Sanjay Colaro, was convicted under Sections 279 and 304A of the IPC for causing a fatal road accident by rash driving. He was sentenced to six months' simple imprisonment and a fine, which he appealed through the criminal appellate hierarchy up to the Supreme Court. The appellant argued that, given the l…

The case concerned a plot of land allotted by the West Bengal Relief and Rehabilitation Department to a refugee family that migrated from East Pakistan in 1950. The lease deed was initially executed in the name of Smt. Hem Prova Basak, but the government later ordered inclusion of the two younger brothers' names and ev…

The Supreme Court examined two bail appeals arising from a 2020 FIR under the IPC, Arms Act and UAPA, involving accused no.11 (Saleem Khan) and accused no.20 (Mohd. Zaid). Both had been denied bail by the trial court, but the Karnataka High Court granted bail to Khan while refusing it to Zaid. The Court held that Khan'…

The case involved an appeal by Shatrughan against his conviction for murder under section 302 of the Indian Penal Code for the death of his nephew Jagat Ram. The prosecution's case relied mainly on the testimony of the deceased's uncle, who claimed to have heard the victim shout that Shatrughan was assaulting him with …

The appellant, a Sri Lankan national named Ranjan, was arrested in 2021 and charged under multiple statutes for allegedly being the absconding accused "Sri" (A‑5) involved in a conspiracy to revive the banned LTTE. The prosecution’s case rested solely on the belated testimonies of two witnesses who identified the appel…

The respondents claimed that a lease (patta) of a government grazing land was granted to them by the Gram Panchayat in 1959 and filed a suit for permanent injunction without seeking a declaration of title. The appellants argued that the Panchayat lacked authority to lease the land, the lease deed was unproved, and the …

The Kerala Public Service Commission (KPSC) conducted recruitment for Junior Health Inspector Grade‑II positions and published rank lists, but several vacancies remained unfilled due to overlapping candidates and non‑joining. The State Government, after a Tribunal order, recommended that KPSC expand the rank lists to f…

The appellants were employed by the Central Water Commission on part‑time, ad‑hoc contracts as Safaiwalas and a Khallasi from 1993 to 2004, performing essential housekeeping and maintenance functions for more than ten years. After their application for regularisation was rejected by the Central Administrative Tribunal,…

The appellants, directors of a construction company and employees of a bank, were charged under IPC sections 409, 420 and 120B and the Prevention of Corruption Act for cheating, criminal breach of trust and diversion of funds. The bank had declared the loan a non‑performing asset, recovered part of the amount through a…

The appellant, Dwarika Prasad, was unaware of an ex‑parte decree passed against him in 1994 because his former counsel failed to inform him. Upon learning of the decree, he filed a restoration application under Order IX Rule 13 of the CPC on 31‑Oct‑1994, explaining his ignorance and alleging fraud by his previous lawye…

The appellant, Shambhu Debnath, reported that his 20‑year‑old nephew was set on fire by the accused, leading to the nephew's death and the filing of an FIR alleging murder under Section 302 IPC along with other offences. The accused (respondents Nos. 2‑4) sought anticipatory bail, which was initially denied by the Sess…

The Supreme Court heard an appeal by Sugirtha challenging a High Court order that required her to travel 150 km each way every Sunday to hand over her two‑year‑old daughter to the father, Gowtham, for visitation. The parties had been married in 2021, separated shortly after the child's birth, and the mother had filed f…

Amutha and A.R. Subramanian were married in 2002 but lived apart for more than fifteen years following a series of disputes, including the wife filing a false dowry harassment complaint against the husband. The husband filed for divorce on grounds of cruelty and desertion, which were initially rejected by the trial and…

The plaintiff, Leela Agrawal, mortgaged her two‑acre agricultural land to the defendant, Sarkar, in 1990 by executing a registered mortgage deed that stipulated a three‑year period for redemption, after which the deed would become an absolute sale upon default. The plaintiff attempted to redeem the mortgage in 1993, bu…

The plaintiffs, heirs of Amin Lal, sued the State of Haryana and the Public Works Department for possession of land on the basis of revenue records, sale deeds and mutation entries. The trial court ruled in favour of the plaintiffs, holding that the State had not proved adverse possession. The State appealed and the fi…

The husband filed for divorce under Section 10(i) of the Indian Divorce Act, 1869 and the wife sought interim maintenance. The Family Court awarded the wife Rs.1,75,000 per month, considering her lack of residence, sacrifice of employment, the husband’s extensive income and property holdings, and the standard of living…

The appellant, Ruchir Rastogi, filed an FIR alleging that his brother Pankaj Rastogi, a co‑partner in a family HUF, illegally removed gold, silver, diamonds and other assets from a jointly‑run shop in violation of an interim injunction ordered under the Arbitration and Conciliation Act. The High Court had quashed the F…

The Central Warehousing Corporation sought acquisition of 80 kanals of land in Naraingarh, Ambala, and the Land Acquisition Collector initially fixed compensation at Rs.72.31 per square yard based on market rates as of the 2000 notification under Section 4 of the Land Acquisition Act, 1894. The respondents filed a refe…

The appellants, six former daily‑wage employees (Class‑IV peons/attendants and a Class‑III driver) were engaged by the U.P. Higher Education Services Commission between 1989 and 1992 and continued to work for decades. The Commission repeatedly sought sanction of fourteen permanent posts for such workers, but the State …

The appellant, Sd. Shabuddin, was convicted under Section 411 of the IPC for dishonestly receiving stolen property after being found in possession of cash amounts of Rs.25,000 and Rs.2,60,000, which he could not account for. Both he and co-accused Moulana were acquitted of theft (Section 379 IPC) by the Trial Court and…

M/s Rewa Tollway entered into a BOT concession agreement with Madhya Pradesh Rajya Setu Nirman Nigam Ltd. in 2002, believing, based on executive clarifications, that no stamp duty would be payable. The State later amended the Indian Stamp (M.P.) Act in 2002, imposing a 2% stamp duty on the amount spent by the lessee, a…

The appellants purchased half of a 3.40‑hectare land from respondent No.2 in 1985, and a sale deed was executed on 02‑12‑1985 but remained unregistered due to stamp‑duty deficiency until 14‑06‑2011. Respondent No.2 later executed a second conveyance in 2010 in favour of respondent No.1 for the same land, leading the ap…

Jadunath Singh appealed against the Allahabad High Court's order granting bail to three convicted murderers—Arvind Kumar, Chandra Kumar, and Rishi Kumar—who were serving life sentences for a 2011 shooting that killed two persons. While in judicial custody, Chandra Kumar and Rishi Kumar murdered a police constable, Ajay…

The appellant, a chartered accountant, was accused of offences under Sections 498A, 406, 384, 420 and 120(B) of the IPC in two FIRs – the first lodged in Hisar, Haryana on 10 Oct 2015 and the second in Udaipur, Rajasthan on 15 Oct 2015, both based on the same allegations. The appellant sought quashing of the second FIR…

The appellants, who held post‑graduate degrees in microbiology, food science and technology, applied for the post of Food Safety Officer (FSO) under a Jharkhand Public Service Commission notification that required a "degree" in specified subjects or a Master’s in Chemistry. After clearing the written exam, they were di…

The CBI filed a case alleging that R.C. Sabharwal, a former public servant, owned assets disproportionate to his known sources of income and that his son, Puneet Sabharwal, abetted him. The trial court framed charges under Section 13(1)(e) read with Section 13(2) of the Prevention of Corruption Act, 1988 and Section 10…

The dispute involved two properties originally purchased by Roop Kishore Khanna (RKK) for the joint Hindu family of his father Tek Chand Khanna. After RKK's death, his brother Attar Chand Khanna's (ACK) heirs claimed a 50% share in the Kamla Nagar property, alleging it remained joint family property, while the appellan…

The appellant complained to the district collector in 2021 that respondent No.6 had demanded money to secure a job for his brother, leading to an inquiry that recorded mutual allegations of money‑extraction. Despite being aware of the complaint, respondent No.6 waited three years before lodging an FIR in July 2022 alle…

The applicant‑appellant filed a miscellaneous application seeking clarification of a Supreme Court judgment dated 12 September 2023 in Civil Appeal No. 2085 of 2022, specifically the use of the term “unsecured creditor” in paragraph 20. The Court, after hearing counsel, held that the term should be read as “secured cre…

Kusha Duruka, accused under the NDPS Act, filed multiple bail applications after his arrest on 3 February 2022. The first bail request was rejected by the Sessions Court, and a subsequent application before the Odisha High Court was also dismissed, while his co‑accused was granted bail. During the pendency of a Special…

The appellant underwent cataract surgery on 19 January 1999 performed by the respondent. In the days following the operation he repeatedly complained of severe pain, pus discharge, headache and loss of vision, but the respondent reassured him and prescribed medicines. The condition worsened and three independent ophtha…

The appellants, licensed distributors of aromatic tincture of cardamom, were prohibited from selling the product by a District Magistrate’s order and subsequent actions of a drug inspector, who classified it as an "alcohol mixed tincture" and a prohibited article. The appellants challenged these restrictions in the Hig…

The appellant, Asim Akhtar, was charged with kidnapping and related offences under the IPC and Arms Act. During trial, the victim and her parents were examined-in-chief, but their cross‑examination was delayed after the appellant filed an application under Section 319 CrPC to summon the appellant's parents. The prosecu…

The appellant alleged that Respondent No.2 and his two sons murdered his father and injured his brother, leading to an FIR under sections 147, 148, 302, 304 and 34 of the IPC. After the charge‑sheet, the trial proceeded to the stage of recording the accused's statement under Section 313 of the CrPC. Respondent No.2 app…

The appellant-wife filed for divorce on the ground of mental cruelty and was granted a decree of divorce and permanent alimony of Rs.15,00,000 by the Family Court, which the High Court upheld. The appellant challenged the alimony amount, arguing she was unemployed, while the respondent, a doctor, demonstrated a higher …

The appellants, a 70‑year‑old widow and her daughter, entered into an oral agreement to sell a plot of land in Telangana, receiving a large sum via bank transfers but later refusing to execute the sale deed. The complainant, an agent of a powerful builder, filed a criminal complaint alleging fraud and intimidation, lea…

The appellant, a District Judge, was criticised by a Rajasthan High Court Single Judge for granting bail to an accused (Sethu @ Angrej) in a manner deemed cavalier and for ignoring the accused's criminal antecedents. The High Court's strictures labelled the appellant's conduct as indiscipline, negligence, and disobedie…

Satish Jain sued the State of Madhya Pradesh and a private defendant for declaration, permanent and mandatory injunctions over land owned by the State but allegedly possessed by the private defendant through adverse possession. The trial court had earlier passed an ex‑parte decree in favour of the plaintiff, which was …

The Supreme Court considered an FIR (Case No.227 of 2017) registered in Arunachal Pradesh alleging cheating under sections 420, 120B and 34 IPC in connection with a Rs 1 crore payment for land situated in Rajasthan. The accused contended that the dispute was purely civil, involving a loan or advance for property purcha…

The borrowers defaulted on a loan from Bank of Baroda, which initiated SARFAESI proceedings and conducted an open auction of the mortgaged premises. The appellants, who were tenants of the borrowers, became the highest bidders and were issued a sale certificate, thereby converting their status to owners. The borrowers …

The appellant was summoned after a Chief Judicial Magistrate (CJM) in Aligarh rejected a police closure report under Section 173(2) CrPC and took cognizance of offences under Sections 147, 342, 323, 307 and 506 IPC as well as Section 190(1)(b) CrPC. The CJM based this decision not only on the protest petition filed by …

The appellant, a 68‑year‑old former managing trustee of two charitable trusts, was convicted under the Prevention of Corruption Act, 1988 for criminal misconduct, criminal breach of trust and misappropriation of grant‑in‑aid funds meant for schools for specially‑abled children. The High Court rejected his appeal agains…

The appellant was arrested for theft and granted bail, but a police officer (respondent No.2) allegedly paraded him half‑naked, verbally abused him on the basis of caste and physically assaulted him, illegally detaining him for four hours despite bail. An inquiry by the Sub‑Divisional Police Officer found the officer r…

The appellant Raj Kumar was convicted of murder under Section 302 IPC based primarily on the identification by the injured eye‑witness, PW‑18, whose testimony was recorded via video‑link eight and a half years after the incident. The High Court upheld the conviction, relying on the witness's identification, the appella…

The plaintiffs, illiterate landowners, executed a limited Power of Attorney (PoA) with the defendant to develop their land, but the defendant surreptitiously added clauses allowing him to sell the property and executed sale deeds on the day of registration. The trial court dismissed the suit, accepting the PoA as genui…

The petitioners, contractual toll‑collection employees, were arrested after an altercation with an advocate who allegedly refused to pay toll charges, leading to an FIR under several sections of the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita. While one lawyer filed a bail application, members of the Barabanki Bar and the Bar Council enga…

In 1986 a minor girl (referred to as V) was found unconscious and bleeding after the accused Chatra allegedly raped her. The trial court convicted Chatra under Section 376 IPC based on medical evidence, circumstantial evidence and the testimony of a key eyewitness, Gulab Chand, despite the victim’s silence. The High Co…

The Patna Municipal Corporation (PMC) sought to recover payments from advertising agencies for hoardings, asserting a tax/fee/royalty demand. The agencies challenged the demand, arguing that it was a tax levied without legislative authority under Article 265 of the Constitution. The Supreme Court examined whether the c…

The Maharashtra State Electricity Board filed a Special Civil Suit for recovery of money against Miraj Electric Supply Co. and its directors. During the plaintiff's evidence, the defendants' counsel withdrew his vakalatnama, and the trial court proceeded under Order XVII Rule 2 CPC, ultimately decreeing the suit ex par…

Baljinder Kumar, accused of murdering his wife, two children and sister‑in‑law, was convicted by the Trial Court and sentenced to death under Sections 302, 308 and 325 IPC. The High Court upheld the conviction, relying mainly on the testimonies of three witnesses despite contradictions and lack of forensic linkage. On …

The appellant, Byluru Thippaiah, brutally murdered his wife, sister‑in‑law and three children on 25 February 2017, alleging that his wife and the children were not his and accusing them of promiscuity. He was tried under Section 302 of the Indian Penal Code, convicted and sentenced to death by the trial court, a senten…

The appellant, Jai Prakash, was convicted of raping and murdering a 10‑year‑old girl. Evidence included the victim’s body recovered from his hut, the last‑seen testimony of child witnesses, and DNA matches linking the appellant to the victim’s underwear and hair. The trial and High Courts affirmed conviction under IPC …

The Bihar Staff Selection Commission advertised 152 City Manager posts, requiring a minimum qualifying percentage in the written test (32% for women) and awarding additional marks for experience. Respondent No.1, a female candidate with no experience, scored 22.5 out of 70 marks in the written exam, which equals 32.14%…

Major Singh, the appellant, struck his uncle Makhan Singh with a wooden cot leg ("bahi") after a quarrel the previous day, causing a head injury that led to the uncle's death a day later. The trial court acquitted Singh, but the Punjab and Haryana High Court set aside the acquittal and convicted him under Section 302 I…

The case arose from a suit for perpetual injunction where the plaintiff claimed ownership of land by natural succession, while the defendants relied on a Will that the trial court held to be suspicious and invalid. The trial court's decree in favour of the plaintiff was set aside by the first appellate court, which gra…

The appellant, a retired IAS officer, challenged the registration of multiple FIRs relating to alleged land allotment irregularities during his tenure as Collector of Kachchh. He sought a writ of mandamus directing the police to conduct a preliminary inquiry before registering any further FIRs, relying on Lalita Kumari…

The appellant, a former collector, was charged under the Prevention of Money Laundering Act, 2002 (PMLA) for alleged financial transactions involving proceeds of crime arising from land allotments, bribery and hawala. He sought discharge at the pre‑trial stage, arguing that the PMLA could not be applied retrospectively…

The complainant filed an application under Sections 216 and 319 of the CrPC seeking the summoning and impleadment of two appellants as accused in a case involving offences under Sections 452, 294(b), 323 and 506(1) IPC. The trial court rejected the application, finding no sufficient evidence against the appellants, but…

The appellants Irfan and Asif Mevati were convicted of kidnapping, rape, and related offences and sentenced to death based largely on a DNA profiling report (Exhibit‑157). The trial court and the High Court relied on the report without examining any of the scientific experts who prepared it, and the appellants were giv…

The mother filed review petitions after the Supreme Court dismissed appeals that had granted permanent custody of their 11‑year‑old son to the father. New psychological reports showed the child suffering anxiety and separation‑disorder anxiety due to the impending custody change. The Court examined whether such fresh e…

The appellant-husband filed a petition for divorce under Section 13(1)(a) of the Hindu Marriage Act, alleging cruelty, but the Family Court dismissed it and the High Court upheld that dismissal. The parties had been living separately since October 2009, amounting to over sixteen years of estrangement, and the appellant…

The appellant, a building owner, conspired with officials of the Thiruvananthapuram Municipal Corporation and an architect to obtain a spurious renovation permit and then demolish an existing structure to erect a four‑storeyed commercial building in a zone where such construction is prohibited. A vigilance enquiry esta…

The appellant was convicted and sentenced to death for murder, rape and robbery based on circumstantial evidence, a last‑seen theory, confessions, recovered items and DNA evidence. The Supreme Court examined whether these evidentiary pillars were proved beyond reasonable doubt and whether the investigation complied wit…

The plaintiffs entered into an agreement to sell a Bangalore property in 1981, paying an advance but failing to execute the sale deed within the stipulated three‑month period, citing a government restriction on registration. The defendants sent multiple notices demanding payment of the balance and eventually forfeited …

The respondents filed a suit seeking declaration of ownership and a permanent injunction, alleging a prior compromise that purportedly made them owners of the disputed land. The trial court dismissed the suit, but the first appellate court set aside that dismissal on the basis of alleged settlement statements, a decisi…

M/s Punjab Spintex Ltd., a cotton yarn manufacturer, sought exemption from both Market Fee and Rural Development Fee under the Punjab Industrial Policy, 2003, claiming that the policy's exemption of Market Fee automatically covered the Rural Development Fee. The State of Punjab contended that the two fees are levied un…

The State of Bihar issued a resolution on 1 July 2015, based on the State Backward Commission’s recommendation, to delete the "Tanti‑Tantwa" caste from the Extremely Backward Classes list and merge it with the "Pan/Sawasi" entry in the Scheduled Castes list, thereby extending Scheduled Caste benefits to its members. Th…

The case involved a double murder in 1994 for which ten persons were charged under several IPC sections. One accused, Chhote Singh, was elected MLA in 2007 and the trial court allowed his prosecution to be withdrawn under Section 321 CrPC, citing his good public image, while rejecting similar applications of the other …

The appellant-wife filed criminal and civil proceedings alleging cruelty, hurt and dowry demands by her husband, leading to multiple interim maintenance orders. After nine years of separation, failed reconciliations and pending litigations, the parties mutually agreed that the marriage was irretrievably broken. The Sup…

The appellant, Virender Pal, was convicted under Section 304‑B of the IPC for the dowry death of his wife, Punita, who allegedly died after being harassed for dowry demands. The prosecution presented testimony that the husband and his relatives repeatedly demanded money, subjected the victim to physical and mental crue…

The appellant, Suresh Kumar Agarwal, was accused by M/s Haldia Steels Ltd. of fraud and criminal misappropriation relating to a memorandum of understanding (MOU) for the transfer of a mining lease and share transfer. The complaint, filed six years after the alleged breach, alleged that an advance of Rs.50 lakh was paid…

The Supreme Court entertained a miscellaneous application seeking recall of its own judgment dated 03.01.2024 in Civil Appeal No. 37 of 2024 on the ground that the respondents had not been served and therefore did not appear. The Court held that non‑service justified recalling the judgment and ordered the appeal to be …

The husband filed a divorce petition in 2012 on grounds of cruelty and adultery, and the Family Court granted a decree of divorce in 2016 on the ground of cruelty. The wife appealed, and the Madras High Court set aside the decree, holding that the alleged cruelty stemmed from the wife's father's rude utterances, which …

The petitioners, senior Assistant Professors appointed directly in 2001, claimed that their junior colleagues—former ad‑hoc lecturers regularised later—were drawing higher pay because of senior‑scale and selection‑grade benefits counted from their ad‑hoc service. They invoked Rule 21 of the Gujarat Civil Services (Pay)…

The appellant, a daughter of the late K.G. Yellappa Reddy, alleged that her brothers and their sons forged a family tree and a partition deed to exclude her and her sisters from a Rs 33 crore compensation awarded for family land acquired by the Bengaluru Metro Rail Corporation. Based on these forged documents, the resp…

The appellants were charged under two FIRs, the first involving offences such as unlawful assembly and assault, and the second containing grave charges of sexual assault under Section 376 IPC. The complainant in the second FIR later filed an affidavit stating she no longer wished to pursue the case, having received a m…

The respondents filed a summary suit under Order XXXVII of the CPC seeking recovery of Rs. 1,04,16,576 and later submitted a memo under Rule 3(6)(b) asking the trial court to decree the suit. The trial court rejected the memo, but the Karnataka High Court set aside that order and directed the trial court to accept the …

The appellant, a police constable, was reverted from Head Constable to Constable and had adverse remarks entered in his Annual Confidential Report (ACR). After a series of representations, the Inspector General of Police partially and later fully expunged the remarks, which the Director General of Police (DGP) later ch…

The Supreme Court examined the fallout from the denial of renewal of recognition to Sardar Rajas Medical College, Hospital and Research Centre (SRMCH) due to serious deficiencies, which forced the transfer of 124 MBBS students to three private medical colleges in Odisha. Interim orders had required the students to pay …

The complainant, a sub‑contractor, alleged that the appellants (directors of Bharat Udyog Ltd.) had partially paid him for work on a sewerage plant and had forged engineers' signatures to claim they performed the work. He filed an FIR alleging cheating, forgery and related offences under the IPC, seeking recovery of th…

The appellants, members of a political party, were arrested after a communal protest triggered by an incendiary social media post on 10 October 2022 and were later released on bail. Six months later, the police prepared a gang chart and lodged a fresh FIR on 30 April 2023 under the Uttar Pradesh Gangsters & Anti-Social…

The parties, married in 2016, separated in 2023 when the mother left the matrimonial home with their daughter. The father, employed on rotational overseas assignments, filed a petition for permanent custody and sought interim visitation. The Family Court allowed limited weekend and video contact and required the father…

The appellants, mother and aunt of Deva Pardhi, challenged a High Court order that refused to transfer the investigation of Deva's custodial death to another agency and denied bail to the sole eyewitness, Gangaram Pardhi. Deva was allegedly tortured and killed by local police officers, and Gangaram, who witnessed the t…

Shahdeo Das joined Bharat Coking Coal Limited in 1990 with a service record showing his date of birth as 18‑09‑1960, which he himself declared at the time of joining. In 2015, after a gap of 25 years, he applied for correction of his date of birth to 05‑01‑1972 based on a school leaving/transfer certificate issued that…

The Competition Commission of India (CCI) alleged that Schott Glass India abused its dominant position in the neutral glass tubing market by offering volume‑based target rebates, functional "no‑Chinese" rebates, a long‑term supply agreement with its joint‑venture Schott Kaisha, and by allegedly tying clear and amber tu…

The former Jharkhand minister Anosh Ekka was convicted in two separate cases arising from the same set of allegations of acquiring disproportionate assets and misusing his office. The High Court rejected his application for suspension of sentence and bail during the pendency of the appeal, prompting a special leave pet…

The appellants, a group of agriculturists and a nearby school, challenged a Change of Land Use (CLU) dated 13‑12‑2021 that permitted a cement‑related grinding unit on land classified as a rural agricultural zone in the Sangrur Master Plan. The High Court had upheld the CLU, relying on a subsequent approval recorded on …

The appellant, a bank manager, was convicted of murdering his two minor children, his sister‑in‑law and mother‑in‑law in June 2010, motivated by his disapproval of his sister‑in‑law’s relationship. The trial court sentenced him to death, a judgment affirmed by the Karnataka High Court. On appeal, the Supreme Court exam…

The appellants purchased 23.98 acres of agricultural land from Sushila Devi under an Agreement to Sell dated 30‑08‑1990, paid full consideration and took possession, but the legal heirs refused to execute a sale deed. The trial court decreed specific performance, but the High Court reversed, holding the agreement void …

The appellant was married to the deceased for four and a half years during which she alleged continuous cruelty and assault by him and his parents. After being left at her parents' house, the deceased poured kerosene on herself and died, leading to charges under Sections 498A and 306 of the IPC. The trial court convict…

The parties were married in 1996 and later lived separately, with the husband filing for divorce on grounds of cruelty in 2009. The Family Court granted the divorce in 2019, which the High Court affirmed in 2023. The wife appealed, seeking a payment of Rs.10,00,000 towards their daughter's marriage expenses, alleging t…

The petitioners, a charitable trust and an individual, sought enforcement of the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (RPwD) Act, 2016 to improve conditions in state‑run care homes for persons with cognitive disabilities, citing overcrowding, inadequate health care, abuse and lack of education. The Court examined whethe…

Axis Bank Limited (appellant) appealed against the admission of a Section 7 petition filed by State Bank of India (respondent No.2) against Shreem Corporation Limited (the corporate debtor). The dispute centered on whether the petition was time‑barred under the three‑year limitation period, given that the debtor was de…

The appellants filed a public interest litigation seeking the inclusion of the Rajasthani language in the syllabus of the Rajasthan Eligibility Examination for Teachers (REET) 2021 and the use of Rajasthani as a medium of instruction in schools. The High Court dismissed the petition, holding that a writ of mandamus req…

Jawala Real Estate Pvt Ltd (later merged with Macrotech Developers) allotted a three‑bedroom flat to Haresh in 2013, who paid an advance but failed to pay the balance, leading the developer to cancel the allotment. Haresh filed a complaint before the National Consumer Disputes Redressal Commission (NCDRC), which set as…

The case concerned employees of cooperative societies that were merged into the Madhya Pradesh State Electricity Board (MPSEB) and sought pension benefits. The key issue was whether these absorbed employees were entitled to pension and, if so, whether their service in the societies prior to absorption could be counted …

The dispute concerned the appointment to the solitary post of Physical Education Trainer (PET) at a Gram Panchayat school in Odisha. The appellant, Bichitrandanda Behera, was appointed by a Managing Committee on 14 May 1994, while Respondent No.5 claimed to have been appointed on 10 January 1993 based on a resolution o…

The appellant, Md. Rahim Ali, was declared a foreigner by the Foreigners Tribunal, Nalbari, on the basis that he failed to prove his Indian citizenship under Section 9 of the Foreigners Act, 1946. He challenged the Tribunal's order, arguing that the authorities had no material basis for the allegation of illegal migrat…

The appellant, Shahid Ali, fired a country-made pistol during a celebratory firing at a marriage ceremony on 17 March 2016, striking the deceased Ishfaq Ali in the neck and causing his immediate death. The trial court and the High Court convicted him under Section 302 of the Indian Penal Code (IPC) for murder, along wi…

The State of Haryana appealed against a High Court order that set aside a CAT decision which had upheld the Chief Minister’s downgrade of an IAS officer’s performance appraisal score. The officer’s self‑appraisal was initially graded 8.22 by the Reporting Authority, raised to 9.92 by the Reviewing Authority, and then r…

The complainant, Karan Gambhir, filed a police complaint in Gautam Budh Nagar alleging that the promoters of three Delhi‑based companies had induced his firm to give short‑term loans which were later converted into equity. The FIR, registered on 29 July 2018, listed the accused companies and promoters with incomplete a…

The Hello Home Education Society sought to establish a junior high school in Vasant Kunj and obtained an essentiality certificate and sponsorship letter only for Jasola. Despite an in‑principle approval by the Lieutenant Governor in 2003, the Delhi Development Authority (DDA) changed its policy in December 2003 to allo…

Vineeta Srinandan, a former director of Seawoods Estates Ltd., issued a circular alleging a "dog mafia" influencing judges, which the Bombay High Court held to be criminal contempt under Section 2(c) of the Contempt of Courts Act, 1971 and sentenced her to one week imprisonment and a fine. She promptly filed a reply af…

The appellants, husband and in‑laws, were charged under Sections 306, 498A and 114 of the IPC for the alleged suicide of the wife after twelve years of marriage, based on a FIR filed by her father. They sought discharge under Section 227 of the CrPC, arguing that no prima facie case existed, particularly for abetment o…

Parvin Kumar Jain and Anju Jain were married in 1998 and have lived apart since 2004. The husband, a senior banker, was ordered to pay interim maintenance under Section 24 of the Hindu Marriage Act, which was later enhanced, while the wife sought further increase and permanent alimony. The Supreme Court examined whethe…

MITC Rolling Mills Pvt. Ltd. filed a commercial suit for recovery of Rs.2.5 crore. The trial court rejected the plaint under Order VII Rule 11 of the CPC on the ground that the plaintiff had not complied with the mandatory pre‑institution mediation under Section 12A of the Commercial Courts Act, 2015. The appellant cha…

The appellants were convicted for the rape and murder of a minor girl based on circumstantial evidence, a disputed 'last seen' theory, alleged motive of lust, and DNA forensic reports. The Supreme Court examined the credibility of the motive, the reliability of the last seen testimony, and the integrity of the forensic…

The appellant, Rohini Sudarshan Gangurde, was charged under Section 306 of the IPC for allegedly abetting her husband’s suicide by harassing him over money and property. The husband was found hanged in their jointly owned house, and the mother filed an FIR alleging physical and mental abuse by the wife. The trial court…

The appellant and respondent entered into a leave‑and‑license agreement for a warehouse, which the respondent later terminated for non‑payment of storage charges. The respondent filed a suit for permanent injunction and vacant possession, expressly reserving the right to claim arrears of rent and damages, and was grant…

The plaintiff, Tota Ram, claimed ownership of a land based on a registered Will dated 12‑12‑1988 executed by the deceased Beli Ram, while the defendants relied on a later Will dated 16‑05‑1994 to transfer the land to themselves and subsequent purchasers. The trial court dismissed the suit, but the first appellate court…

The Forest Department conducted a public auction of forest produce in 1998, where the respondents emerged as the highest bidders and executed an agreement. Despite being given deadlines to deposit the bid amount and complete the work, the respondents failed to comply despite multiple notices, leading to the forfeiture …

The State of Punjab claimed that a 2176.6 sq. yard parcel of land had been donated by Shri Inder Singh in 1958 for a veterinary hospital, which the State built and has occupied ever since. The plaintiff, Bhagwantpal Singh, son of the donor, filed a suit for possession in 2001, alleging that the State had no title. The …

The Central Information Commission (CIC) issued Management Regulations in 2007, including provisions to constitute benches and form committees for case management. The Delhi Development Authority (DDA) challenged these actions, and the Delhi High Court quashed the regulations, holding that the RTI Act did not expressly…

The appellant purchased farming land from a seller during the pendency of a suit challenging earlier release deeds, and obtained a registered sale deed while fully aware of the litigation. He applied to be impleaded as a defendant under Order 1 Rule 10 of the CPC, but the Additional District Judge dismissed the applica…

Dr. Vikas Kanaujia filed a petition for divorce under Section 13 of the Hindu Marriage Act alleging cruelty, after his wife Dr. Sarita left the marital home within a month of their 2002 marriage and the couple lived together for only about 43 days over a 22‑year separation. The Family Court granted a decree of divorce …

The parties were married in 2002 and have two children. They lived separately from 2018, with the husband filing for divorce on grounds of cruelty and desertion under Sections 13(1)(ia) and 13(1)(ib) of the Hindu Marriage Act. The Family Court found that the wife’s conduct amounted to cruelty and that the husband had b…

The appellant Pooranmal was convicted along with co‑accused Ladu Lal for the murder of Ladu Lal’s wife, Aruna, under Sections 302/34 and 201 of the IPC. The prosecution’s case against Pooranmal rested solely on three pieces of circumstantial evidence: call detail records showing frequent communication with Ladu Lal, a …

The petitioners, parents of individuals who died after receiving COVID‑19 vaccines, filed a writ petition under Article 32 seeking an independent medical board, protocols for early detection of adverse events and compensation. Similar petitions were filed in the Kerala High Court, which directed the Union to formulate …

The appellant, a descendant and trustee of the Srimati Radhika Sinha Institute and Sachchidanand Sinha Library, challenged the Bihar State Legislature's 2015 Act that compulsorily acquired the Institute and dissolved its trust. The High Court had upheld the Act, but the Supreme Court examined whether the legislation wa…

Ramadebi Rautray contested the election of Basanti Sahoo (the respondent) as Chairman of the Delang Panchayat Samiti, alleging that the respondent was disqualified under Section 45(1)(v) of the Orissa Panchayat Samiti Act, 1959 for having a third child after the statutory cut‑off date. The Election Tribunal found the r…

The sellers (Alagammal and others) entered into a registered agreement of sale on 22‑Nov‑1990 with the buyers (Ganesan and others) for Rs.21,000, stipulating that the balance be paid within six months. The buyers paid only a fraction of the amount and failed to complete the purchase before the deadline, while the selle…

The appellants challenged the forfeiture of their properties under the Smugglers and Foreign Exchange Manipulators (Forfeiture of Property) Act, 1976 (SAFEMA), arguing that the detention order against them under the Conservation of Foreign Exchange and Prevention of Smuggling Activities Act, 1974 (COFEPOSA) had been re…

The appellants, followers of the Dam Dama religious shrine, filed a suit seeking a declaration that certain land belonged to the shrine and an injunction against its transfer as surplus. The trial court noted that the respondents had not raised any jurisdictional objection and decided in favor of the plaintiffs, but la…

Transporters and tour operators filed a batch of 117 writ petitions under Article 32 challenging the levy of Border Tax/Authorization Fee by several State Governments, alleging that the All India Tourist Vehicles (Permit) Rules, 2023 had abolished such levies. The petitioners claimed double taxation and argued that the…

The appellant, Shuvendu Saha, was involved in a tenancy dispute with the respondent‑2 complainant, which was settled in a civil suit that was subsequently dismissed. Despite the settlement, the complainant filed a criminal complaint leading to an FIR for offences under Sections 409, 417, 418, 419, 420 and 506(2) IPC an…

The appellants, Gobind Singh and others, sued the Union of India and others for a declaration of title and permanent injunction over land in Gwalior. The trial court decreed in their favour, but the respondents appealed; during the appeal the appellants filed an application under Order XLI Rule 27 CPC to produce certif…

The complainant, married to Dr. Rishi Raj, filed an FIR in March 2022 alleging torture, dowry demands and an attempt to strangle her, implicating her husband, his parents (the appellants) and his sister‑in‑law. The parents‑in‑law and sister‑in‑law sought quashing of the criminal proceedings under Section 482 CrPC; the …

The appellants were appointed as junior staff nurses on an "academic arrangement" basis under the 2009 SRO, and later sought regularisation under the Jammu and Kashmir Civil Services (Special Provisions) Act, 2010, which excluded such appointments via Section 3(b). The State argued that the exclusion was valid because …

The Akola Municipal Corporation revised property tax rates for the years 2017‑18 to 2021‑22 after a 16‑year hiatus, invoking its statutory powers under the Maharashtra Municipal Corporations Act. Dr. Zishan Hussain filed a public interest litigation alleging that the revision was irrational, arbitrary and procedurally …

The appellant Govind Mandavi was convicted for murder under IPC s.302 r/w s.34 and for an offence under the SC/ST Act based on the testimony of the deceased's wife (PW‑2) and her father‑in‑law (PW‑1), who identified the accused after a delayed statement and a Test Identification Parade (TIP). The Supreme Court examined…

The dispute concerned the cancellation of a Scheduled Tribe (ST) caste certificate issued in 1993 to respondent No.15, which he later used to challenge land sale deeds executed by his father, Ramanand Baraik, in 1983 under the West Bengal Land Reforms Act, 1955. The father, a government driver, was recorded as belongin…

The complainant, Parmeshwar Ramlal Joshi, lodged FIRs alleging threats and interference in his granite mining business by a former minister and police officials, and sought transfer of the investigation to the CBI. He first filed a criminal writ petition in the Rajasthan High Court, which was dismissed as withdrawn. He…

The appellant was convicted and sentenced to death for murder, kidnapping, rape and offences under the POCSO Act based on four alleged pillars of evidence: a last‑seen‑together theory, CCTV footage, a confession‑derived disclosure statement and DNA profiling. The Supreme Court examined whether each of these pillars was…