Code of Civil Procedure, 1908

The appellant, who was the original defendant, challenged a lower‑court order that allowed the plaintiffs to amend their suit seeking redemption of a mortgage and possession of a shop. The plaintiffs had earlier filed a small‑cause suit that was dismissed for non‑prosecution, and later filed a civil suit under Section …

The plaintiff, holder of the trademark ‘SHYAM’, sued the appellants for infringement and sought a temporary injunction. The Single Judge of the Calcutta High Court refused an interim injunction, granting the appellants time to file an affidavit and postponing the matter. The plaintiff appealed this order to the Divisio…

The plaintiffs filed a title suit seeking a declaration under Section 53A of the Transfer of Property Act, a permanent injunction and related reliefs, alleging continuous possession of the property for over twelve years. The defendants moved an application under Order VII Rule 11 of the CPC to have the plaint rejected …

The appellant’s predecessor sold tribal agricultural land to the respondent’s predecessor in 1964. After the 1980 amendment inserting Section 170B of the Madhya Pradesh Land Revenue Code, the appellant’s successor (Beniram) sought reversion of the land, and the Collector ordered the land restored to him. The respondent…

The appellants borrowed Rs.3,000 from the respondents and executed a sale deed and a reconveyance agreement in 1964. After the respondents failed to execute the reconveyance despite repeated notices, the appellants sued for specific performance of the agreement in 1970. The trial court allowed the amendment of the plai…

The Rajasthan State Road Transport Corporation (the Corporation) appealed against judgments that had upheld a civil suit filed by its former trainee conductor, Bajrang Lal, challenging his removal from service for alleged embezzlement. The lower courts had found that the disciplinary enquiry violated principles of natu…

The Kerala Financial Corporation (KFC) took over a defaulting borrower under Section 29 of the State Financial Corporations Act, 1951 and invited tenders for the sale of the borrower’s assets. Vincent Paul submitted the sole tender, paid earnest money and was later offered a price of Rs. 8.25 lakh subject to conditions…

The respondent obtained an ex‑parte decree in a title suit (No. 140 of 1999) against several defendants. During the pendency of that suit, two of the defendants sold their shares to the appellant, Usha Sinha, by a registered deed. The decree‑holder filed an execution petition, and the appellant sought an injunction to …

The plaintiff entered into a 1964 agreement of sale with the vendor, paid half the price and sought specific performance after the vendor failed to appear for registration and later died. Subsequent consolidation altered the revenue survey (Khasra/Khewat) numbers of the land, leading the trial court to deny specific pe…

R. Suresh, a Development Officer of the Life Insurance Corporation of India (LIC), was dismissed after a departmental enquiry found him guilty of negligence, though he was cleared of breach of trust and forgery. He raised an industrial dispute before an Industrial Tribunal under s.11A of the Industrial Disputes Act, 19…

The appellant entered into an agreement of sale for 14 acres with the second respondent but the sale deed was never executed, prompting the appellant to file a suit for specific performance (OS No.31 of 2000). The first respondent, the wife of the second respondent, obtained a maintenance decree and, after the second r…

The plaintiffs filed a summary suit under Order XXXVII Rule I of the CPC for recovery of amounts due to four dishonoured cheques issued by the defendants. The defendants applied for leave to defend, but the Single Judge of the Delhi High Court held the defence to be a moon‑shine defence and refused leave, granting a de…

M. Singh, appointed as Patwari in 1958, claimed his date of birth was 1 Oct 1934, but an enquiry established it as 25 Nov 1931, leading to his dismissal. He sued to have the service book entry of 1 Oct 1934 upheld, relying on a horoscope. The trial court dismissed the suit; the first appellate court accepted the horosc…

The M.P. Housing Board advertised residential and commercial units, stating an estimated cost of Rs 39 lacs for a showroom. The respondent, Anil Kumar Khiwani, applied and paid the 10 % registration amount based on that advertisement. After detailed project reports, the Board revised the actual cost to Rs 71 lacs and g…

The Motor Accident Claims Tribunal awarded compensation to Rajendra Singh and his son Sanjay Singh for injuries allegedly sustained in a 1993 road accident involving an insured vehicle. United India Insurance Co. later discovered police reports indicating the claimants were actually injured in a separate tractor accide…

The landlord filed a suit for possession of a plot, claiming it was open land not covered by the Central Provinces and Berar Letting of Houses and Rent Control Order, 1949, and that the tenancy had expired. The tenant appealed, arguing that the plot formed part of a house and that the amendment introducing clause 13‑A …

The appellant filed a suit for declaration of ownership and possession of two plots, which was dismissed by the trial court and affirmed by the appellate court. The High Court, in a review, reversed the appellate decree, claiming that relevant precedents were not cited, and held the transaction to be a genuine sale. Th…

The Punjab State Electricity Board supplied electricity to Ashwani Kumar, later issuing a bill of Rs.1,90,498.79 for the period Dec 1983‑Jan 1985. Kumar filed a civil suit seeking a permanent injunction to restrain the Board from recovering the amount. The trial court decreed in his favour, an appeal upheld the decree,…

The Supreme Court examined whether an intra‑court appeal under clause 15 of the Bombay High Court's Letters Patent is available against a judgment of a Single Judge hearing a petition under Article 227 (or Article 226) of the Constitution. The Division Bench had dismissed the appeal on the basis of a prior Full Bench d…

The appellant, B N Padmanabhaiah and Sons, had obtained a permanent injunction against the State of Karnataka in O.S. No.80 of 1978 concerning a parcel of land, and the decree became final after being upheld by appellate courts. Later, former students of a government school and other citizens filed a representative sui…

Prakash Corporates filed a money suit against Dee Vee Projects Limited on 21‑12‑2020. The defendant failed to file a written statement within the 30‑day period and sought extensions, which were granted up to 15‑04‑2021, but the 120‑day deadline fell on 06‑05‑2021. The trial court and the High Court refused further exte…

The plaintiff, C. Doddanarayana Reddy, claimed he was a minor at the time of his father's death in 1963 and therefore sought partition of his share in the family property, alleging that a release deed executed that year was void. To prove minority, he relied on a school leaving certificate, but the certificate was not …

In a suit for partition, the plaintiffs filed the suit through power of attorney holders. The appellants sought to impound the powers of attorney under Order XIII Rule 8, contending that they were conveyances within the meaning of Article 23 of the Stamp Act (as amended by the Orissa Act, 2003) and therefore insufficie…

The Cement Workers' Union filed a Special Civil Application (SCA) in the Gujarat High Court seeking to compel Indian Bank and Global Cements Ltd. to pay outstanding wages to workers of a cement factory in Porbandar, Gujarat, and to set aside a Debt Recovery Tribunal order that transferred sale proceeds to the bank. The…

The petitioners filed a transfer petition under Section 25 of the Code of Civil Procedure seeking to move a motor accident claim (MACT No. 138 of 2009) from the MACT Court in Gautam Budh Nagar, Uttar Pradesh to a competent court in Pune, Maharashtra, alleging that the Uttar Pradesh court lacked jurisdiction. The Suprem…

The appellant, Management of M/s. Sonepat Co‑operative Sugar Mills Ltd., terminated the services of Ajit Singh, who was employed as a Legal Assistant. Singh claimed that he was a "workman" under Section 2(s) of the Industrial Disputes Act, 1947 and sought reinstatement with back wages. The Labour Court and the Punjab &…

The appellant, an agricultural tenant, occupied a four‑acre plot that the deceased original owner had repeatedly agreed to sell to various parties, including the plaintiff who paid part consideration but the sale deed was never executed. The plaintiff sued for specific performance of the sale agreement; the trial court…

The case concerned a Dharamsala built by Raj Kumar Bir Singh, allegedly dedicated to the public, which later passed to his heirs and was sold to the appellants. The State, through the Advocate General, sued under Section 92 of the Code of Civil Procedure claiming the property was a public trust. A single High Court jud…

The wife of the deceased, Dr. Ramani Kanta Bezbaruah, claimed compensation after her husband died in a road accident. The Motor Accident Claims Tribunal awarded Rs. 2,50,200 with 6% interest, which the Gauhati High Court enhanced in both compensation and interest (to 8%). The appellant contended that the multiplier for…

The case involved a dispute between two rival managing committees of Sri Ratnamuni Jain Inter College, Agra. The education authorities initially recognized the appellants' scheme of administration but later withdrew that recognition, prompting the appellants to file a civil suit seeking an interim injunction. The respo…

Mukhtar Ahmed filed a suit seeking a declaration that he was entitled to a two‑thirds share in a house as a co‑owner. Earlier, in a suit filed by a co‑sharer, the court had determined that the co‑sharer was only entitled to a one‑fifth share, and that decree became final. The issue before the appellate court was whethe…

The Steel Authority of India sued New Marine Coal Co. to recover Rs 1,13,000 for coal supplied under an agreement that required Grade‑I coal between Dec 1962 and June 1967. Instead, Grade‑II coal was delivered but the plaintiff collected the price of Grade‑I, and the contract contained a clause permitting adjustment of…

The appellant landlord created a three‑year limited tenancy for the first respondent under Section 21 of the Delhi Rent Control Act, 1958, and sought possession of the premises at the tenancy's expiry. After the tenant failed to vacate despite two registered notices, the landlord obtained a warrant of possession from t…

The plaintiff, Chemplast, entered into an agreement to sell a parcel of land to the appellant, Cuddalore Powergen, but registration of the sale deed was blocked by a Government Order (GO) that reserved the land for a power project. The plaintiff filed a first suit seeking a permanent injunction against the appellant an…

The husband filed a petition for divorce under the Hindu Marriage Act, 1955, and the Family Court initially proceeded ex parte when the wife could not be served. The wife later appeared, the ex parte order was set aside, and the case was adjourned for conciliation, but she remained absent at subsequent hearings. The Fa…

The case involved a dispute between two brothers concerning family and business matters. The petitioners sought relief from the High Court, but the Supreme Court examined whether the parties should be directed to resolve the dispute through mediation. Relying on the purpose of Section 89 of the Code of Civil Procedure …

Nirma Ltd. filed a Special Leave Petition under Article 136 of the Constitution seeking to appeal an order of the City Civil Court, Ahmedabad, which had decided an appeal under sub‑section (2) of Section 37 of the Arbitration and Conciliation Act, 1996. The petition raised the question of whether a second appeal is bar…

Munshi Ram filed a suit for possession of land, invoking his pre-emption right against Narsi Ram and another, based on a certified copy of a sale deed that listed only those two respondents. During the trial, the original sale deed was read out, revealing a third vendee, Munni Devi, who had not been impleaded. The appe…

The Supreme Court considered contempt petitions filed by the successful auction purchaser (Celir LLP) against the original borrower, a subsequent transferee, and the bank, alleging wilful disobedience of the Court’s 21 September 2023 judgment that confirmed the 9th auction of a secured asset and directed issuance of a …

In a 2019 Lok Sabha election for the Hassan constituency, the appellant A. Manju, who finished second, filed an election petition under Section 81 of the Representation of People Act, 1951 alleging that the elected candidate, Prajwal Revanna, had committed corrupt practices by filing a false affidavit and concealing ma…

The plaintiffs filed a suit for declaration of title, possession and mesne profits, which was dismissed by the trial court. The trial court's decision was set aside by the first appellate court, and the defendants appealed the decree in a second appeal before the High Court of Tripura. On the scheduled hearing date, th…

The appellant, Sundaram Industries Ltd., directed its moulders to place production bags on an electronic weighing scale after their shift, which required extra effort and time without additional pay. Thirteen moulders refused, were suspended and later dismissed for alleged misconduct, persistent disobedience and insubo…

Retired judges of the Bombay High Court complained that the Central Government Health Scheme (CGHS) was unavailable in many areas, limiting their medical treatment and reimbursement. The Bombay High Court, treating the complaint as a suo motu writ, directed the Maharashtra Government to frame rules under Section 230 of…

The Supreme Court reviewed a 2007 order that directed the Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI) to inquire into alleged disproportionate assets of a political family and to submit its report to the Union of India. The petitioners sought a review, arguing that the Court lacked jurisdiction to order a CBI inquiry without…

The suit property was bequeathed to respondent No.2 by a will, but respondent No.1 filed a suit claiming title based on an oral family settlement and obtained an ex‑parte injunction restraining respondent No.2 from transferring the property. While the injunction was in force, the appellant purchased the property from r…

The appellants, settled abroad, filed a suit for declaration and possession but their advocate could not appear on the scheduled date due to a family emergency, and no notice of the next hearing was received. The trial court dismissed the suit for non‑prosecution and later dismissed two restoration applications under O…

A contempt application was filed under Section 17 of the Administrative Tribunals Act, 1985 before the Andhra Pradesh Administrative Tribunal against the Principal Secretary for wilful disobedience of the Tribunal's order. The State and the Principal Secretary challenged the Tribunal's jurisdiction in the Andhra Prades…

The plaintiff B.K.N. Pillai sued P. Pillai for eviction, alleging that the defendant was a licensee. The defendant initially pleaded that he was a lessee, but later sought to amend his written statement to add an alternative defence that, if he were a licensee, his licence was irrevocable under Section 60(b) of the Ind…

The appellant, Viswanath (deceased) by LRs, sought ejectment of the respondent who occupied land under a mortgage executed by Hanuman Singh, the brother‑in‑law of a minor, before the U.P. Zamindari Abolition and Land Reforms Act, 1950 came into force. The Assistant Collector and Board of Revenue held the mortgage void …

The appellant had paid part consideration for a property and was given possession, but the respondent failed to execute the registered sale deed as agreed. The appellant sued for specific performance, but the plaint omitted an averment that he was ready and willing to perform his part, which is required under Section 1…

The plaintiff, Tribhuvansankar, purchased a property and sued the defendant, Amrutlal, under the Madhya Pradesh Accommodation Control Act, 1961 for eviction and mesne profits. The defendant denied any landlord‑tenant relationship and pleaded adverse possession, claiming 18‑19 years of uninterrupted possession. The tria…

Manohar Singh filed a suit for damages against his former employer NTPC and its General Manager. During the trial he repeatedly sought adjournments, prompting the trial court to levy costs under Section 358 of the Code of Civil Procedure (CPC) for causing delay. The plaintiff failed to pay the costs despite several ext…

Mahabir Prasad Singh filed a civil suit for recovery of possession before the Additional District Judge, Delhi. The respondent, Jacks Aviation Pvt. Ltd., sought a suo motu transfer of the case because its counsel was boycotting the court under a Bar Association resolution, but the trial judge dismissed the transfer app…

The appellant mortgagor and his co‑heirs mortgaged two‑thirds of a property for a loan. A mortgage suit was filed and the trial court passed a preliminary decree on 25‑July‑1962 ordering payment in instalments and authorising a sale on default. Because of non‑payment, a final decree for sale was passed on 6‑March‑1963 …

The Central Warehousing Corporation (CWC), a statutory corporation, had sub‑leased 34 acres of land to operate a warehouse, which later became part of a Special Economic Zone (SEZ) notified by the Ministry of Commerce and Industry. CWC sought de‑notification of the land and, after a series of negotiations, accepted a s…

Vinod Kumar filed a suit for specific performance of a contract to purchase a house; the trial court dismissed the suit and the High Court, acting as the first appellate court, affirmed the dismissal. The appellant contended that the High Court had not examined the evidence, ignored the submissions and grounds of appea…

The case concerned the T. Thomas Educational Trust, founded by a Christian philanthropist to run schools and a college. After the founder's death, allegations of mis‑management by his widow led three interested persons to file a suit under Section 92(1)(g) of the Code of Civil Procedure seeking a scheme for the trust. …

The appellants, land owners, challenged the appointment of Shri V.I. Gohil as the Competent Authority under the Petroleum and Minerals Pipelines (Acquisition of Right of User in Land) Act, 1962, arguing that his salary, allowances, accommodation and transport were paid by the private gas‑pipeline company whose project …

Dharam Singh filed a suit seeking a declaration of ownership of a property and restraining the defendants from transferring it. The trial court and the first appellate court decreed in his favour, but the High Court, on a second appeal filed by the defendants under Section 100 of the Code of Civil Procedure, set aside …

The State of Madhya Pradesh enhanced the royalty payable on coal and sought recovery of the differential amount from South Eastern Coalfields Ltd. (the Coalfields) and the ultimate consumers. The Coalfields, bound by their mining lease and Mineral Concession Rules, were required to pay simple interest of 24% on delayed…

The appellant, a Member of the Manipur Legislative Assembly, was elected from the Saikul constituency in 2022. The respondent filed an election petition alleging that the appellant concealed assets worth about Rs. 2 crore and falsified her income, thereby committing corrupt practices. The appellant moved an application…

M/S. Shivali Enterprises entered into an agreement to sell land to the respondents, receiving Rs.1,50,000 of the Rs.1,65,000 purchase price and taking possession, while the respondents were required to obtain an Income‑Tax Clearance certificate and have the revenue records mutated before execution of the sale deed. The…

The case concerned a lease of 540 acres of land granted by the Sri Udasin Mutt, a charitable religious institution, to Gulf Oil Corporation Ltd. The State of Telangana sought eviction on the ground that the land is agricultural and, under Section 82 of the Telangana Charitable and Hindu Religious Institutions and Endow…

The Punjab Wakf Board sued Dharampal (deceased) and others for possession of land it owned. Dharampal's heirs claimed title by adverse possession, asserting continuous possession since 1953 through his father. The lower courts initially upheld the board's claim, rejecting the adverse possession plea. On appeal, the Sup…

The Supreme Court examined appeals arising from the acquisition of 561.38 acres in Haryana where the High Court had fixed compensation at Rs.1.46 crore per acre by applying a 15% cumulative annual increase and relying heavily on the Swaran Singh judgment. The Court held that such reliance was improper because prior awa…

The case concerned a dispute over several properties in Bangalore, where the respondents claimed that Nirmala, a natural daughter of Kadarappa, had been adopted by her uncle Obalappa and therefore inherited his estate. The Supreme Court examined whether a daughter can be validly adopted under Hindu law, concluding that…

Tea Auction Ltd. sued Grace Hill Tea Industry for a sum of about Rs.37.26 lakh with interest. An ex‑parte decree was passed against Grace Hill for non‑appearance. The Single Judge of the Calcutta High Court allowed the decree to be recalled but conditioned it on the defendant furnishing security of the entire amount (R…

Ravi Constructions Co. appealed a Bombay High Court order that had allowed a second appeal under Section 100 of the CPC without framing a substantial question of law, challenging the validity of a consent decree entered in an earlier suit filed by the chief trustee of the Somvanshi Arya Kshatriya Samaj trust. The trust…

The appellant B.S.N.L. entered into a works contract containing an arbitration clause that designated the Chief Engineer (or administrative head) of the Telecommunication/Postal Department to appoint the arbitrator. After the appellant’s Managing Director failed to respond to the respondent’s notice, the respondent fil…

The tenants (appellants) challenged a second eviction petition filed by the landlord (respondent) under Section 15(3) of the Kerala Buildings (Lease and Rent Control) Act, 1965, claiming the landlord’s bona‑fide requirement for his son. An earlier appellate authority had held that the second petition was not barred by …

Rattan Dev filed a suit for a permanent injunction which was decreed by the trial court. The defendant appealed and the first appellate court reversed the decree, dismissing the suit on the ground that the plaintiff did not appear as a witness and an adverse inference was drawn. Rattan Dev filed a second appeal under S…

The plaintiff filed a suit in 1988 for a permanent injunction over agricultural land. In 1999, before trial commenced, he sought to amend the plaint under Order VI Rule 17 of the CPC to add relief for declaration of title and recovery of possession, alleging dispossession by the defendant in 1989. The trial court and t…

The appellants and respondent were co‑owners of a property that had been partitioned and subsequently mutated in revenue records. The respondent filed an appeal under Section 11 of the Bombay Revenue Jurisdiction Act, which was dismissed, after which the appellants instituted a civil suit for declaration of title and a…

Larsen & Toubro Ltd. (appellant) entered into a contract with Maharashtra State Electricity Board (respondent) for a coal handling plant, furnishing five bank guarantees for advance, performance, retention money and liquidated damages. After the plant was taken over, the respondent invoked all guarantees except the per…

The landlord filed a suit for ejectment and recovery of rent arrears against the tenant. The tenant applied for time to file a written statement and to deposit the entire arrears under Section 20(4) of the U.P. Urban Buildings (Regulation of Letting, Rent and Eviction) Act, 1972, claiming that the deposit was made befo…

The case arose from an oral family settlement reduced to a Memorandum of Understanding/Family Settlement Deed (MoU/FSD) signed by Pawan Gupta (PG) and Kamal Gupta (KG) but not by KG's son Rahul Gupta (RG). PG and others filed a petition under Section 11(6) of the Arbitration and Conciliation Act, 1996 seeking appointme…

The plaintiffs entered into agreements dated 20‑09‑1965 and 28‑04‑1966 for the sale of 50 acres of agricultural land, paying part of the consideration and taking partial possession. The defendants contended that the documents were merely collateral security for a loan. The Supreme Court held that the agreements were un…

The appellant, the estate of the deceased, claimed ownership of a bungalow and the land on which it stood, asserting title derived from a purchase in 1848. The Union of India contended that an 1836 grant vested only the building in the appellant’s ancestors, with the land remaining subject to a right of resumption. The…

The landlord, Balvant N. Viswamitra, sued the heirs and legal representatives of a deceased tenant for possession of land after the tenant defaulted on rent. The landlord attempted service of notice by registered post, certificate of posting and affixing it on the premises, but could not obtain the heirs' names and add…

In the 1999 election for the Amgaon Legislative Constituency, the appellant was declared elected and the defeated respondent filed an election petition under the Representation of the People Act, 1951 alleging corrupt practices such as unaccounted money and distribution of goods. The appellant moved the High Court unde…

In a partition suit, a final decree was passed on 20‑Nov‑1970 but the decree holder failed to furnish the required stamp paper, delaying the drawing up of the decree. The decree holder's legal representatives filed an execution petition on 21‑May‑1984, more than twelve years after the decree. The respondents argued tha…

The plaintiff, an undischarged insolvent, entered into a joint application with the creditor to sell his land for the debt amount, with a clause allowing repurchase within five years. After the sale deed was executed by the Official Receiver, the plaintiff was adjudicated insolvent, but later obtained an unconditional …

Aysha Umma appealed against a Kerala High Court order that had set aside a civil court's award of Rs.3,00,000 as market value of six acres of land and had confirmed a separate capitalisation award for fruit‑bearing trees. The Supreme Court examined the proper method of valuation, holding that land and trees must be val…

The plaintiffs, A.K. Ghosh & Co., filed a commercial suit for unpaid dues and the defendants filed a counter‑claim. The defendants served the counter‑claim on 18 July 2023, but the plaintiffs sought leave to file a written statement only on 15 March 2024, well beyond the statutory period. The Calcutta High Court reject…

Bali Ram, a CRPF constable, was medically invalidated in 1998 after developing severe ophthalmic disability. He sought only a disability pension, but the Single Judge invoked Section 47 of the Persons with Disabilities Act, 1995 and ordered his reinstatement with full service benefits. The Union of India and other CRPF…

The dispute involved a residential house in Munger, Bihar, owned by Hira Mistry, whose eviction decree against tenant Surendra Narayan Sinha was eventually reversed. An agreement to sell the house to Vijay Kumar was executed in 1983 while eviction proceedings were pending, leading to a specific‑performance suit in 1986…

Northern Coalfield Ltd., a government-owned corporation, entered into two contracts with Heavy Engineering Corp. Ltd. which contained an arbitration clause. Disputes were referred to the Government's "permanent machinery of arbitration" and awards were made, which Northern Coalfield challenged before the Law Secretary …

Vijay Mallya, Chairman of United Breweries Ltd., was summoned under Section 40 of the Foreign Exchange Regulation Act, 1973 (FERA) to appear before the Enforcement Directorate regarding alleged violations of foreign exchange rules in a Benetton advertising agreement. He failed to appear on several summons, leading to a…

The vendor, a life tenant of a property, entered into a sale agreement with HPA International to sell his life interest and the reversionary interest of the remaindermen, subject to obtaining a High Court sanction. The sanction suit was opposed by the reversioners and, after two years of delay, the vendor served a noti…

The plaintiff, Mrs. Vimal Duti, filed a suit for dissolution of partnership and for accounts, valuing the suit at Rs.25 lakhs for jurisdiction and Rs.500 for court fee. The defendants contended that the valuation for court fee was grossly undervalued and sought dismissal of the plaint under Order VII, Rule 11(b) of the…

The appellant, sister of the respondent, filed a suit for partition of ancestral lands (items 1 and 2 of Schedule ‘A’) and a self‑acquired land (item 3 of Schedule ‘A’) claiming a one‑fourth share in the former and a one‑half share in the latter. The trial court granted these shares and ordered specific performance of …

The plaintiffs filed a partition suit claiming a half‑share in the coparcenary property of the Kattukandi Edathil family, asserting that the first plaintiff was the legitimate son of Damodaran and Chiruthakutty. The defendants denied that a marriage existed between Damodaran and Chiruthakutty and contended that the pla…

The Competition Commission of India (CCI) alleged that Schott Glass India abused its dominant position in the neutral glass tubing market by offering volume‑based target rebates, functional "no‑Chinese" rebates, a long‑term supply agreement with its joint‑venture Schott Kaisha, and by allegedly tying clear and amber tu…

The landlord filed a petition under the East Punjab Urban Rent Restriction Act, 1949 to evict the tenant for alleged rent arrears, and the Rent Controller fixed a provisional rent and ordered payment. The tenant applied to recall that order, alleging the controller had ignored his payment records, but the controller re…

The mother, Ruchi Majoo, filed a petition under the Guardians and Wards Act, 1890 seeking interim custody of her 11‑year‑old son who had been residing in Delhi for three years, while the father, Sanjeev Majoo, contested jurisdiction, claiming the child’s ordinary residence was in the United States and invoking the prin…

The respondents, owners of insured goods, claimed insurance reimbursement after a burglary, which the insurer denied. The dispute was taken to the Permanent Lok Adalat (PLA) under the Legal Services Authorities Act, 1987, despite a pending criminal case for the alleged non‑compoundable offence of burglary. The PLA held…

In a partition suit, a final decree was passed on 7 August 1981 but was not engrossed on stamp paper until the respondents furnished the required stamp papers on 25 May 1982. The appellant filed an execution application on 21 March 1994, arguing that it was barred by the 12‑year limitation period under Article 136 of t…

The case concerned the removal of Ajendraprasadji Narendraprasadji Pandey from the post of Acharya of a Swaminarayan religious institution and the subsequent appointment of Rakesh Prasadji Mahendra Prasadji. The removal was based on a resolution passed by a body calling itself Satsangha Mahasabha, whose authority was c…

Harendra Mehta and his family (appellants) and Mukesh Mehta and his family (respondents) were brothers who owned businesses and properties in India and the United States. They executed an arbitration agreement appointing their elder brother as arbitrator to divide the assets, and the arbitrator rendered an award in New…

GRID Corporation of Orissa Ltd. (GRIDCO) succeeded the Orissa State Electricity Board and sued Indian Charge Chrome Ltd. (ICCL) for non‑payment of electricity bills arising from ICCL's captive power plant supplying power to the board. Multiple proceedings were instituted: a reference before the Orissa Electricity Refor…

An auction of the judgment debtor's property was held on 25 May 1981. The debtor's objections under Order 21 Rule 90 were dismissed on 4 May 1982, after which he filed an application under Order 21 Rule 89 on 28 May 1982 seeking to set aside the sale. The executing court entertained the application, but the auction pur…

The landlord filed an eviction suit under Section 12(3) of the Bombay Rents, Hotel and Lodging House Rates Control Act, 1947, which was settled by a compromise decree granting the tenant a grace period to pay arrears and vacate by 10 October 1970, with a concession that the landlord would not execute the decree if the …

The original plaintiff, Sucha Singh, filed a suit for permanent injunction against the defendant in 1996, which he later withdrew with the court's permission to pursue appropriate proceedings before a competent forum. He subsequently filed a fresh suit for specific performance of the same agreement, which the defendant…

The plaintiff filed a suit seeking a declaration that a municipal survey Khatiyan was null and void. The defendants moved to frame a preliminary issue that the suit was barred by res judicata and that there was no cause of action. The trial court dismissed the suit on those grounds without formally framing any issue. T…

G.C. Pandya, a former Deputy Engineer of the Gujarat Maritime Board, was disciplined and censured in 2002 and superannuated as Superintending Engineer. He sued for a declaration that the departmental enquiry and punishment were illegal and sought promotion to Chief Engineer effective 1 January 2002. The Board did not f…

The appellants, Amit Kumar Shaw and Anand Kumar Shaw, purchased the suit property from the original defendants during the pendency of two second appeals before the Calcutta High Court. They filed applications under Order I Rule 10 and Order XXII Rule 10 of the CPC seeking substitution of their names in place of the ori…

The appellants (Swamy Atmananda and others) challenged a Madras High Court judgment that had upheld a decree declaring the respondent society (Sri Ramakrishna Tapovanam) as the sole educational agency of several private schools. The key issue was whether Sections 53 and 53A of the Tamil Nadu Recognized Private Schools …

The appellant, Swamy Atmananda, challenged a Madras High Court order that had granted a writ of mandamus under Article 226 directing the respondents to assist in taking over management of certain institutions in accordance with a decree of a civil court. The High Court had allowed the writ petition, treating it as an a…

The first respondent filed a suit claiming ownership and possession of a disputed parcel of land, alleging that his father had relinquished his rights and later sold the land to the appellant. The appellant contended that the father had taken loans, created a mortgage, and granted a 60‑year lease, making the appellant …

Shreenath and others, who were tenants of a mortgaged property, opposed the execution of a decree for vacant possession granted to Rajesh, the mortgagee, by filing an objection under Order 21 Rule 97 of the Code of Civil Procedure, claiming an independent right in the premises. The executing court dismissed the objecti…

The father and son, both Vaidyas, referred their long‑standing property disputes to an arbitrator, who issued an award on 18 January 1977 which was signed by both parties and contained an endorsement that the award was agreed to and binding. The son later filed an application under section 17 of the Arbitration Act, 19…

The plaintiff and his brother executed a registered gift deed in 1981 transferring land to the appellant, the appellant's son. Neither the plaintiff nor his brother contested the deed for about 22 years; the appellant filed a partition suit in 2001, in which the plaintiff was a defendant. In 2003 the plaintiff filed a …

The plaintiff filed a suit for perpetual injunction alleging ownership of land and challenged a will executed by the deceased brother. The trial court upheld the plaintiff's claim, but the first appellate court reversed that decision after re‑appraising the evidence and deeming the will genuine. The High Court, exercis…

The appellants filed a suit for title and possession of land in 1997. The respondent filed a written statement and, in 2006, sought to amend it to include a counter‑claim alleging a right to the same land, claiming the cause of action arose in 1998 after the written statement was filed. The trial court and the High Cou…

The plaintiff entered into an agreement of sale on 1 Oct 1978 with the owner of a suit property, paying Rs 20,000 of the Rs 30,000 price and agreeing to pay the balance and obtain a registered deed within three years. The owner later sold the property to the appellant on 15 May 1984. The plaintiff served a notice on 8 …

Sharda Devi appealed against the State of Bihar challenging a land acquisition award. The dispute turned on whether a Letters Patent Appeal (LPA) could be filed before a Division Bench of the High Court against the judgment of a Single Judge who had decided an appeal under Section 54 of the Land Acquisition Act, 1894. …

The plaintiff, M/s South East Asia Shipping Co. Ltd., filed a suit in the Delhi High Court seeking a perpetual injunction against the enforcement of a bank guarantee dated 16 July 1977. The underlying contract was executed in Bombay and required performance (transport of livestock) to be carried out in Bombay. The defe…

A suit was filed by Gouri Sankar Sarda against R. McDill Co. and Misrilal Bharamchand. The defendants applied under Section 34 of the Arbitration Act, 1940 for a stay of the suit, but the application was withdrawn for a formal defect and the court ordered them to make a fresh application. Instead of filing a joint fres…

The appellants, manufacturers of metallic yarn, entered into a contract with the respondent that included clause 11 stating that any dispute would be subject to the jurisdiction of the Kaira court. The respondent sued the appellants in the Subordinate Judge's court at Salem for unpaid amounts and damages. The trial cou…

Guda Vijayalakshmi (petitioner) filed a maintenance suit in Eluru, Andhra Pradesh, while her husband filed a divorce suit under the Hindu Marriage Act in Udaipur, Rajasthan. The petitioner sought transfer of the divorce suit to Eluru under Section 25 of the Code of Civil Procedure (CPC) so that both matters could be he…

M/s Tomorrowland Limited, the highest bidder for a 5‑star hotel site, paid the first instalment but argued that HUDCO (Housing and Urban Development Corporation) was obliged to obtain statutory approvals and execute a sub‑lease before demanding further payments. HUDCO failed to secure the necessary approvals and a perp…

Mahadeo Krishna Naik, a bus driver for Maharashtra State Road Transport Corporation (MSRTC), was dismissed after a fatal accident in 1996. The Labour Court upheld his dismissal, but the corporation later obtained a Motor Accidents Claims Tribunal (MACT) award that placed sole blame on the lorry driver, a fact it failed…

The appellants were admitted to MBBS courses in Madhya Pradesh through a systematic fraud involving computer manipulation, roll‑number tampering and assistance from meritorious candidates. Vyapam cancelled their admissions, a decision upheld by the High Court and earlier by this Court. The appellants sought relief unde…

The plaintiffs, residing abroad, entrusted their relatives (defendants 1 and 2) to purchase immovable property in Hyderabad in the name of plaintiff No.2. When the plaintiffs discovered in 1999 that the property had been transferred to other relatives (defendants 3 and 4), they issued legal notices and filed two suits …

Jagraj Singh married Birpal Kaur in 1993; the wife later filed for divorce under Section 13 of the Hindu Marriage Act alleging desertion and cruelty. The trial court ruled it lacked territorial jurisdiction but nonetheless decided the merits, denying divorce. The High Court, invoking Section 23(2) of the Act, ordered b…

Darshan Singh, an Accounts Clerk, was suspended in 1965 on allegations of embezzlement, later acquitted and reinstated with his suspension treated as duty. He sued the State of Punjab for full pay and allowances for the suspension period (25‑May‑1965 to 28‑Apr‑1978) and was awarded Rs 60,586.75 with interest at 12% per…

Kishore Kumar Khaitan filed a suit seeking a declaration of tenancy and a perpetual injunction against the owners of a building, also applying for an interim injunction. The trial court refused an ex‑parte injunction; the Additional District Judge then issued an ex‑parte order directing the parties to maintain the stat…

The appellant, son of the testator, applied for probate of his father's will. The Additional District Judge rejected the application, but the Gauhati High Court, on appeal under Section 299 of the Indian Succession Act, 1925, granted letters of administration. The respondents filed a letters‑patent appeal against the H…

The case concerned two tenants occupying premises let out by Army officers who, as classified landlords under Sections 14B‑14D of the Delhi Rent Control Act, 1958, sought immediate possession for their own residence. The Rent Controller denied the tenants leave to contest the eviction applications, and the High Court u…

The plaintiffs sought a declaration of title over land based on two sale deeds dated 3 September 1968 and 29 September 1968, the first executed by plaintiff 2 as an attorney of the original owner who allegedly executed a power of attorney (PoA) in East Pakistan. The trial court and the first appellate court dismissed t…

The National Commission for Protection of Child Rights (NCPCR) took cognizance of media reports of large‑scale child trafficking in Jalpaiguri, West Bengal, and sought information from the state police and the West Bengal Commission for Protection of Child Rights (WBCPCR). The Additional Director General of Police (ADG…

The case concerned a partition suit filed by the daughters of Shashidhar against his father, step‑mother and step‑sisters over extensive family properties. The trial court granted a preliminary decree allocating shares, which the defendants appealed. The Karnataka High Court disposed of the first appeal in a brief orde…

The dispute concerned the management of Gurudwara Sant Bela Sahib Patshahi, where the Mohtim, Sant Hari Singh, claimed exclusive control and the Managing Committee claimed joint management. Two suits—one by the Mohtim and one by the Managing Committee—were consolidated and heard together; the trial court granted an inj…

The Bombay Port Trust (BPT), an instrumentality of the State, engaged consultants to value its land and proposed a massive rent revision for its lessees, issuing notices of termination and higher rent. Lessees challenged the revision as arbitrary and violative of Article 14, leading a Single Judge to strike down the no…

In this civil appeal, the appellant (subsequent purchasers) challenged a Madras High Court decree for specific performance that had been affirmed after a trial court judgment. The High Court hearing concluded on 22 March 1989, but the judgment was delivered only on 24 January 1994, a delay of nearly five years. The app…

The petitioner, a lady, filed a transfer petition seeking to move a succession application pending before the Civil Judge, Senior Division, Valsad, Gujarat, to the Civil Judge, Sadar, Pratapgarh, Uttar Pradesh, alleging difficulty in traveling and meeting expenses. The respondents offered to bear her travel and stay co…

The Supreme Court dismissed a Special Leave Petition filed by the Indian Triathlon Federation against an order of the Assistant Judge, City Civil Court, Madras, as the petition was withdrawn. The Court also dismissed a transfer petition seeking to move the appeal from the City Civil Court to the Arbitration Board under…

Rameshwar Dayal, claiming ownership of a house, had earlier obtained an eviction decree against tenant Habib and sub‑tenant Banda from a Small Causes Court. Banda later sued Dayal asserting title to the property and seeking a declaration that the earlier eviction decree was a nullity and an injunction against disposses…

The appellant's property was attached and sold in execution of a decree. He claimed the sale proclamation contained several irregularities and filed an application under Section 47 of the Code of Civil Procedure to set aside the sale. The executing court agreed that the irregularities vitiated the sale and set it aside…

The appellant, Navratan Lal Sharma, filed a suit for declaration and injunction which was dismissed, leading him to file a first appeal. During the pendency of the appeal, the parties executed a compromise deed that provided for the restoration of the appeal if the respondents failed to honor payment obligations. The H…

The petitioner, a U.S. citizen, married a U.S. citizen husband and had two children who are U.S. citizens. After a visit to India, the petitioner refused to return to the United States with the children, prompting the husband to obtain custody orders in a Connecticut Superior Court and later file a habeas corpus petiti…

The appellant, a landlord, stepped into the shoes of a lessor who had executed a 99‑year lease in 1992. After the lessee defaulted on rent, the appellant filed a suit in 2007 for recovery of possession, mesne profits and an injunction. The lessee sought dismissal of the suit under Order VII Rule 11, CPC, arguing that t…

The dispute arose from a family arrangement and partnership deed concerning a cinema hall, where the appellant sought execution of an ex‑parte arbitral award dated 25 August 1999. The respondent contested the award, claiming he never received it and filed a Section 34 application beyond the 90‑day limit. The executing …

The plaintiffs filed a suit for specific performance of a sale agreement and filed a written statement in April 2004. After issues were framed and affidavits were filed as evidence, the defendants sought to amend their written statement in November 2006. The trial court dismissed the amendment, holding it introduced a …

The appellant and respondents were brothers involved in a partition suit filed by Respondent No.1. A preliminary decree was passed in 1999, after which a special petition was treated as an application for a final decree. A local commissioner reported the property to be impartible and a sale proclamation was issued, lea…

The case concerned the acquisition of 19.87 acres of land in Andhra Pradesh and the award of compensation for the land and palmyrah and cashew trees standing thereon. The Sub‑Judge enhanced the land compensation to Rs 55,000 per acre and increased the per‑tree rates, but retained the original count of 1,000 big and 500…

The respondent, a conductor, was suspended and later removed from service for not issuing tickets. The Labour Court reinstated him but held he was not a permanent conductor and therefore denied back wages. The respondent filed an application under Section 6(6) of the Uttar Pradesh Industrial Disputes Act seeking modifi…

The landlord, a retired Indian Revenue Service officer, constructed a house in Moga and later let part of it to the tenant. After a decade he sought eviction on the ground of needing the premises for his own occupation because of age, health and lack of alternative residence. The Rent Controller and the Appellate Autho…

The Supreme Court examined the constitutional validity of the U.P. High Court (Abolition of Letters patent Appeals) (Amendment) Act, 1972, which sought to eliminate letter‑patent appeals in land‑reform matters. Petitioners contended that the Act exceeded State legislative competence, violated Article 14’s equality guar…

The Government of Orissa entered into a construction contract with G.C. Roy, which contained an arbitration clause. After the work was completed, a dispute arose and the arbitrator awarded the contractor the claimed sum plus 9% interest pendente lite from the date the amount became due. The Sub‑ordinate Judge set aside…

The Central Government referred an industrial dispute between Grindlays Bank Ltd. and its workmen to the Central Government Industrial Tribunal under s.10 of the Industrial Disputes Act, 1947. After several adjournments, the Tribunal refused a further adjournment on 9 December 1976 and passed an ex‑parte award, relying…

Embassy Hotels Pvt. Ltd. filed a suit for specific performance of a 1978 agreement for sale of land that had been mortgaged by the vendor, M/s. Gajaraj & Co., to Srinivasa Perumal Financing Corporation. The mortgaged land was sold by court auction to the appellant, who obtained a sale certificate that was confirmed by …

The dispute involved the Barai community, owners of a group of tanks used for betel leaf irrigation, and the Dhimar fishing community who had been allowed to fish in those tanks under a historic Wajib-ul-arz agreement. The Barais sought an injunction to stop the Dhimars from fishing, claiming the right was only a licen…

The trustees of a public trust filed an execution application to enforce a scheme framed by the Charity Commissioner, seeking possession of Survey No. 14. The respondents claimed that the first respondent was a tenant of the land and therefore entitled to retain possession until an eviction order. The executing court r…

The petitioners, Sarguja Transport Service, obtained a transport permit which was later set aside by the State Transport Appellate Tribunal. They filed a writ petition (M.P. No. 2945/85) under Articles 226/227 of the Constitution, which the High Court allowed them to withdraw and dismissed as withdrawn. Subsequently th…

The appellant, a defendant in a 2004 suit for specific performance, filed a counter‑claim on 7 September 2018, well after his written statement but before the suit's issues were framed. The Single Judge of the Bombay High Court allowed the counter‑claim on 2 May 2019 to avoid multiplicity of proceedings. The Division B…

The landlord filed a small‑cause suit for eviction, rent and damages against the tenant. The suit, originally valued at Rs.21,175, was later amended to Rs.27,775 and transferred to an Additional District Judge (ADJ) because its value exceeded the then pecuniary limit of Rs.25,000 for a Small Causes Court. While the sui…

The appellant Sanjeev Kumar Jain appealed against a Delhi High Court order that awarded the respondents Rs 45,28,000 as costs in an appeal concerning a vacated interim injunction. The Supreme Court examined whether the High Court could award such a sum, given the provisions of Section 35 of the Code of Civil Procedure …

A suit for partition of a Mitakshara coparcenary property was filed by a son (respondent No.1) against his father, brother and two sisters (the appellants). The trial court passed a preliminary decree in 1999, amended in 2003, determining the parties' shares, but a final decree had not been rendered. While the suit was…

The hereditary priests of a Karnataka temple entered into a consent decree in the 1950s to settle their inheritance dispute over temple offerings. A later civil suit sought a share of perishable and non‑perishable offerings, and the trial court and first appellate court upheld the plaintiffs' claim based on the decree …

The respondent (Sonargon Housing Co‑operative Society Ltd.) obtained a decree for declaration and possession of a property, which was affirmed by the High Court and the Supreme Court. The respondent later applied to amend the plaint and the decree to correct blanks and misdescriptions in the schedule of the property. T…

The appellant, Kanwarjit Singh Dhillon, filed a civil suit seeking a declaration that certain immovable and movable properties left by his father, the late S. Kirpal Singh, were joint Hindu family assets and an injunction restraining the respondent from alienating them. The respondent had obtained probate of an unregis…

The dispute concerned whether Site Nos. 432 and 433 in Survey No. 15/1 were acquired by the Government under the Bangalore Development Authority Act and, consequently, whether an injunction could be granted to restrain construction. The trial court rejected the injunction without examining if the land had been acquired…

Mahabir Singh filed a suit in 1985 and, after serving summons, obtained an ex‑parte decree against Subhash on 19‑Feb‑1986 when the defendant failed to appear. Subhash sought to set aside the decree under Order IX Rule 13 of the CPC on 7‑Feb‑1997, claiming improper service of summons. The trial court and the appellate c…

P. Janardhana Rao obtained a decree for possession of his property in an ejectment suit filed in 1989. When the decree was executed, three persons (Kannan, Krishnan and Raji) obstructed his taking possession, prompting Rao to file a miscellaneous petition under Order 21 Rule 97 of the CPC for removal of the obstruction…

Savita Garg filed a consumer complaint before the National Consumer Disputes Redressal Commission (NCDRC) alleging that her husband, A.K. Garg, died due to medical negligence at the National Heart Institute. The Commission dismissed the petition on the ground that the treating doctors and nurses were not impleaded as p…

Brace Transport Corporation of Monrovia sold a vessel to Orient Middle East Lines Ltd. and its nominee under a contract that provided for arbitration in England. An arbitral award granted the appellant a monetary sum, part of which remained unpaid. The vessel was subsequently sold to a third respondent (an Indian gover…

The appellant filed a suit in 2012 seeking a declaration that her sister‑in‑law could not sell a jointly owned bungalow and that an agreement to sell dated 21‑10‑2011 was void. After the sister‑in‑law died, the court substituted a Nazir as defendant No.1. In 2021 the respondent (defendant No.2) applied to amend his wri…

The appellant, a faculty member of NUJS, filed a complaint on 26 December 2023 alleging sexual harassment by the Vice‑Chancellor, claiming the last incident occurred in April 2023. The Local Complaint Committee dismissed the complaint as time‑barred because the filing was beyond the three‑month statutory period and the…

A. Valliammai entered into an agreement to sell land to K. Sriram in 1988, with an advance paid and the balance due by May 1989, later extended to November 1989. After disputes and notices in 1991 indicating Valliammai's refusal to perform, Sriram filed an injunction suit, which was later dismissed, and assigned his ri…

The plaintiff filed a suit for specific performance of an alleged 1993 agreement to sell land, after an earlier suit for declaration was withdrawn without liberty to re‑file. The plaintiff’s plaint stated that no litigation was pending concerning the agreement, while the earlier suit and its withdrawal were not disclos…

The case involved 90 non‑management workers (NMRs) of the Rengali Hydro Electric Project who claimed that they were forced to sign applications for a Voluntary Separation Scheme (VSS) through fraud and undue influence, and consequently were denied reinstatement. The Labour Court held that the VSS was thrust upon them a…

Bharat Bhushan Bharti, calling himself the Mahant and Manager of the ancient Sri Laxman Sidh Maharaj temple, filed a civil suit seeking a declaration of ownership over the temple and its surrounding five‑acre land and a permanent injunction restraining the State and the Divisional Forest Officer from interfering with h…

Amardeep Singh filed a civil appeal challenging the Family Court's order granting a waiver of the six‑month cooling‑off period under Section 13B(2) of the Hindu Marriage Act, 1955, for a mutual‑consent divorce. The parties had been living separately for over eight years, had settled all pending disputes including a mas…

The plaintiffs filed a suit for declaration and injunction and later amended the plaint, increasing the valuation and creating a deficiency in court fee. The trial court did not order a time limit for payment of the deficit fee. The defendants appealed; the first appellate court observed the lack of a time order and al…

The State of Uttarakhand appealed against the Board of Revenue’s order that had allowed a second appeal under Section 331(4) of the Uttar Pradesh Zamindari Abolition and Land Reforms Act, declaring that respondents had acquired Bhumidar rights by adverse possession. The Supreme Court examined whether Section 331(4) inc…

The appellants, heirs of Ambya Kalya Mhatre, owned land acquired for the New Bombay project and were awarded compensation by the Special Land Acquisition Officer. Dissatisfied, they applied under section 18 of the Land Acquisition Act, 1894 for a reference to the civil court, initially seeking only an increase for the …

The Management Committee of Montfort Senior Secondary School terminated Assistant Teacher Vijay Kumar on disciplinary grounds. Kumar appealed the termination to the Delhi School Tribunal under Section 8(3) of the Delhi School Education Act, 1973, while the school sought referral of the dispute to arbitration under Sect…

The respondent was appointed as an Assistant Professor on a one‑year probationary basis on 6 September 1994, relieved before the term ended, and then re‑appointed on 1 September 1995 for a six‑month probationary period ending 29 February 1996. He challenged the order relieving him on 1 March 1996, arguing that the appo…

The appellant, a seller of a land‑and‑building, executed an agreement and memorandum to sell the property to the respondents. The respondents filed a suit under clause 12 of the Letters Patent of the Bombay High Court seeking a declaration of the agreement’s validity and specific performance of the sale, without expres…

The appellants Hari Shanker Jain and Hari Krishna Lal challenged the election of Sonia Gandhi to the Lok Sabha, alleging that she was not a citizen of India despite holding a certificate of citizenship under Section 5(1)(c) of the Citizenship Act, 1955. They also questioned the constitutional validity of the Citizenshi…

Mis. Estralla Rubber sued Dass Estate Pvt Ltd for eviction. The defendant sought to amend its written statement under Order VI Rule 17 of the CPC, but the trial court rejected the amendment on the ground that it was inconsistent and would displace an admission. The District Judge, on revision, allowed the amendment; th…

The case concerned a suit for redemption of a mortgage executed in 1902 by a widow, Lakshamania, in favour of Ram Charan Sonar. The plaintiff, claiming to be an heir of Lakshamania, filed the suit in 1960 after a series of subsequent mortgages, sales and redemptions involving the property. The trial court and the first…

The respondents filed a suit against the State of Madhya Pradesh and a sales tax officer, which was dismissed for lack of jurisdiction. The District Judge reversed that decision, and the State filed a second appeal before the High Court but omitted the required application for condonation of delay under Order 41 Rule 3…

The appellant, a tenant of Smt. Ajudhia, sought a declaration of title over a parcel of agricultural land that had been sold in execution of a money decree against her and later transferred to an auction‑purchaser, respondent No. 11. The appellant had earlier obtained a decree under the Punjab Pre‑emption Act, 1913, as…

The landlord filed an eviction suit against the tenant, who admitted the tenancy but claimed an agreement to sell the premises and alleged payment of Rs. 82.5 lakhs, also filing a suit for specific performance. The trial court invoked Order 12 Rule 6 of the CPC and passed a decree for eviction on the basis of the tenan…

The doctors filed a petition before the National Consumer Disputes Redressal Commission (NCDRC) alleging that a complaint of medical negligence against them should be dismissed or stayed, arguing that the case involved complicated questions of law and fact and that a nine‑year delay in disposal rendered the consumer fo…

The Directorate General of Supplies & Disposals (DGS&D) entered into a standard form contract with Kamaluddin for timber supply, which contained Clause 18 allowing the Government to recover any claimed sum by appropriating amounts due under other contracts, and Clause 24 providing for arbitration. Kamaluddin failed to …

The respondents claimed ownership of land that had been recorded in the 1962 Record of Rights and later allotted to the Reserve Bank of India. They appealed to the Settlement Officer in 1990, filed a civil suit in 2003 (withdrawn in 2007 without permission to re‑file), and finally filed a writ petition in 2008 seeking …

Asian Hotels (North) Ltd., the licensor, granted individual shop licenses to various shopkeepers, including the respondents, and later revoked those licenses. The respondents filed suits seeking a declaration that their licenses were irrevocable and perpetual. While the suits were pending, they applied to amend their p…

The State of Uttar Pradesh sued Farooqi Begum for declaration, possession and mesne profits of a 20‑bigha land that was claimed to be a government grove. The land had been granted rent‑free to Begum in 1924 by the Nawab of Rampur, but the successor allegedly resumed the grant in 1930 and the State took possession. Begu…

The appellant, Pam Developments Private Ltd., was awarded a sum of Rs.2.87 crore by an arbitrator in a dispute with the State of West Bengal over a highway repair contract, but the award remained unpaid. The State filed a Section 34 petition challenging the award and later sought a stay of its operation under the amend…

The Supreme Court examined the Jaipur Development Authority’s attempt to regularise illegal land allotments in the Lal Kothi Scheme, which were based on a letter dated 6 December 2001 purporting to be a government policy. The Court held that the letter was not a valid policy order under Article 166 because it was not i…

The Union of India challenged an arbitral award that granted interest on amounts payable to M/s. Krafters Engineering & Leasing (P) Ltd. under a works contract, arguing that Clause 1.15 of the General Conditions expressly prohibited any interest on such amounts. The High Court had upheld the award, but the Supreme Cour…

The appellant, Smt. Ram Sakhi Devi, challenged a judgment of the Patna High Court that restored a trial court decree in a land title suit on a second appeal under Section 100 of the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908. The High Court had decided the appeal without formally framing a substantial question of law as mandated by…

The husband of the respondent relinquished his ownership of a house in a village panchayat settlement but did not execute a registered deed. He later executed a mortgage and, together with the mortgagee, sued the wife for a permanent injunction; the suit was dismissed and the judgment became final. The husband subseque…

The tenant Mukrigopalan appealed an eviction order of the Rent Control Court under the Kerala Buildings (Lease & Rent Control) Act, 1965. The appeal was filed after the statutory 30‑day period, and the District Judge acting as appellate authority dismissed it as time‑barred, holding that he was a "persona designata" an…

The plaintiff N.P. Thirugnanam had entered into a sale agreement for a property and paid a small advance, thereafter taking possession as a tenant. He sued for specific performance, alleging the defendants had refused to execute the sale deed, while the defendants contended that the plaintiff had not paid the further a…