Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973

The appellant, an officer of the Southern Power Distribution of Telangana Limited, filed a criminal appeal against the High Court’s order that quashed proceedings for electricity theft under the Electricity Act, 2003. The respondent had allegedly tampered with an electricity meter, leading to a loss of Rs.6.28 lakh, an…

The Supreme Court examined a public interest litigation filed by Mazdoor Kisan Shakti Sangathan challenging the repeated issuance of Section 144 orders that effectively banned all public meetings, dharnas and peaceful protests in Central Delhi, and the National Green Tribunal's order banning demonstrations at Jantar Ma…

Mohammed Zakir appealed to the Supreme Court after the Karnataka High Court used Section 362 of the Criminal Procedure Code to recall its own order dated 18‑04‑2017, deeming it "patently erroneous" and withdrawing it. The Supreme Court held that Section 362 is limited to correcting clerical or arithmetical mistakes and…

The appellants were seized at night while travelling in a jeep that contained ten bags of poppy husk (total 410 kg). They were convicted under Section 15 of the Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Act, 1985 and sentenced to ten years of rigorous imprisonment. On appeal they argued that the prosecution failed to …

The appellant, Polamuri Chandra Sekhararao, was convicted under s.302 IPC for murdering his elder sister's son, Ravi Kishore, on 6 April 2004. The prosecution alleged that the deceased visited the appellant's house, proposed to marry the appellant's daughters, and was subsequently stabbed repeatedly with a knife (M.O.-…

The State of Bihar seized 5,923 bags of wheat from the flour mill of Arvind Kumar & Anr. after a raid based on secret information indicating diversion of subsidised food grains for black marketing. The respondents filed a writ petition seeking quashing of the FIR under the Essential Commodities Act, 1955 and release of…

The case arose from the suicide of a 21‑year‑old woman, Sunita, who alleged that the accused, Amit, had exploited her sexually after promising marriage and threatening to expose her. The trial court convicted Amit under IPC s.306 (abetment of suicide) and s.376 (rape), sentencing him to life imprisonment for the latter…

The case concerns the murder of MP Magunta Subbarama Reddy, his gunman, and injuries to two witnesses. Accused No.1, Pantangi Balarama Venkata Ganesh, a member of the Peoples War Group, was arrested on the day of the incident with a pistol, cartridges and a pink shirt bearing his blood. Eye‑witnesses, DNA profiling lin…

The appellant Bantu was convicted of raping a five‑year‑old girl and murdering her by inserting a wooden stick into her vagina, leading to her death. The trial court sentenced him to death under IPC sections 302, 376 and 364, a decision affirmed by the High Court. On appeal, the Supreme Court examined whether the convi…

The Central Bureau of Investigation filed a charge‑sheet against B.S. Goraya under Sections 13(1)(e) and 13(2) of the Prevention of Corruption Act, 1988. Goraya, then a Colonel, was suspended and dismissed from Army service in January 1993, but his dismissal was later set aside and he was reinstated. He contended that,…

The appellant and his brother were convicted of double murder under IPC s.302 and s.302/34 and sentenced to life imprisonment. On appeal, the Allahabad High Court division bench was split, leading to the matter being referred to a third judge. The third judge upheld the conviction but based his opinion largely on the t…

The accused were convicted of murder and related offences by a Sessions Court, which then scheduled a hearing on sentence. The accused failed to appear, leading the trial court to issue non‑bailable warrants. Instead of filing a statutory appeal, the accused filed a petition under Section 482 of the Criminal Procedure …

Madhu Bala filed two complaints alleging offences under Sections 498A and 406 IPC before Chief Judicial Magistrates. The magistrates, invoking Section 156(3) of the Criminal Procedure Code, directed the police to register a case and investigate; the police registered FIRs, investigated, and submitted charge‑sheets. The…

The appellant, Vinod Bihari Lal, was named as a leader of an alleged gang under the Uttar Pradesh Gangsters & Anti‑Social Activities (Prevention) Act, 1986, based on a subject FIR registered in 2018 that drew on several earlier base FIRs. He filed two applications under Section 482 of the Code of Criminal Procedure see…

Mahavir Singh and co‑accused Jagbir Singh were convicted under IPC §§302, 1208 and 201 for murdering Suraj Mal at the behest of the deceased's wife, Sudesh Rani. The prosecution relied on circumstantial evidence, including the "last seen" theory, medical testimony that the death occurred about a week before the post‑mo…

The Punjab Public Service Commission’s chairman was found to have taken bribes and manipulated the recruitment of executive, allied services and judicial officers between 1998‑2002. Consequently, the State terminated the services of all appointed officers. The High Court upheld the termination, treating the entire sele…

The case involves the murder of Ramasamy, for which 17 persons, including the appellants Paulmeli and Chockaiah, were alleged to have assembled with a common object (aruval) and inflicted multiple incised wounds, causing death. The victim's wife (PW‑1) positively identified the appellants despite claims of darkness, an…

The appellants Sudarshan and others were convicted for the murder of two persons at a holiday resort, based on an FIR that was lodged at a police station outside the incident’s jurisdiction after the complainant first consulted an advocate 15 km away. The Supreme Court examined the abnormal conduct of the complainant, …

The deceased K. Raghunath, a successful realtor and close confidant of MP D.K. Adikeshavalu, was found hanging in 2019 under mysterious circumstances, leading his wife and son to allege murder by certain relatives who were also claimants to his property. Two wills – one dated 2016 favoring the wife and another posthumo…

The appellant, a former Inspector of Police, was charged with dereliction of duty for allegedly failing to control the 1984 anti‑Sikh riots. An inquiry officer exonerated him, but the disciplinary authority disagreed and issued a punishment of reduction in rank, which the High Court set aside and directed a fresh disag…

The complainant Ramyash lodged a FIR alleging that the accused Bhupendra Singh, Moti Lal and Prahlad assaulted his family, resulting in the death of his father. The trial court convicted the accused under Sections 302, 323, 324 (with 34) and other offences, sentencing them to life imprisonment. The Allahabad High Court…

The appellant, a Manager at the Head Office of HDFC Ltd., was charged in an FIR for allegedly suppressing the fact that a mortgaged property had been acquired by the Tamil Nadu Housing Board and for cheating the purchaser at a public auction conducted in 2012. He filed a petition under Section 482 of the CrPC seeking t…

The State of Himachal Pradesh prosecuted Sanjay Kumar (A1) and Chaman Shukla (A2) for kidnapping, rape and related offences arising from the alleged abduction of a 14‑year‑old girl in March 2012. The trial court convicted both accused, but the Himachal Pradesh High Court set aside the convictions, acquitting them on th…

The appellants, relatives of the husband in a matrimonial dispute, were charged in an FIR alleging they instigated dowry demands, although they lived in Hyderabad while the complainant resided in Guntur. The complainant had earlier withdrawn a restitution of conjugal rights case and later filed a police complaint after…

The Supreme Court examined whether the Kerala High Court erred in quashing five FIRs filed under the Protection of Children from Sexual Offences (POCSO) Act against a computer teacher accused of inappropriate conduct with female students. The allegations included holding students' hands while using a mouse, asking inva…

The appellant, Puran Chand, was convicted under Section 376 IPC for raping a 17‑year‑old girl who later attempted suicide. He appealed, claiming false implication due to enmity, a 20‑day delay in filing the FIR, and that the medical report showing an intact hymen created reasonable doubt. The Supreme Court held that th…

Advocate Anjani Kumar Chaudhary was assaulted by a group demanding money for a Holi celebration; the assailants used lathis, rods, and sharp weapons, threatened to kill him, and inflicted multiple injuries. An FIR was lodged charging several offences including Section 307 IPC (attempt to murder). The Sessions Court, an…

The appellant was first prosecuted under Section 138 of the Negotiable Instruments Act for issuing a dishonoured cheque and was convicted, later acquitted on appeal, with the appeal still pending. Subsequently, the same complainant filed an FIR under Sections 406, 420 and 114 of the Indian Penal Code alleging criminal …

Three men, including Nafe Singh, attacked a group of farmers over a dispute concerning agricultural land, using weapons such as a ballam, gandasi and lathi. During the assault, Bhanwar Singh was killed and two others were injured. The trial court convicted all three under Sections 302, 323 and 324 read with Section 34 …

The appellant, the aunt of the husband, was convicted under Section 498A of the IPC for allegedly participating in dowry demand that led to the death of the wife. The prosecution alleged that the husband, his brother, and the aunt demanded jewellery and cash, and that the husband and brother strangulated the wife while…

The Supreme Court considered two appeals: one under Section 409 IPC where the appellant sought discharge under Section 167(5) of the CrPC after the two‑year investigation period expired, and another under Section 7(1)(a)(ii) of the Essential Commodities Act concerning the limitation bar under Section 468 of the CrPC. I…

The appellant, a Muslim advocate, divorced his wife Shah Bano Begum by irrevocable talaq and argued that under Muslim Personal Law he owed no further maintenance beyond the iddat period, having paid dower (mahr). The wife filed a petition under Section 125 of the Code of Criminal Procedure (CrPC) seeking maintenance, w…

The case concerns the murder of Suhas on 5 July 2011, for which three accused—Netaji Achyut Shinde (A‑1), Samadhan Shinde (A‑2) and Balasaheb Shinde (A‑3)—were charged under Section 302 read with Section 34 IPC. A telephonic intimation at 17:45 was treated by the trial court as the FIR, leading to the conviction of A‑2…

Gorusu Nagaraju was convicted of murder under IPC s.302 and of concealing the offence under s.201, based primarily on circumstantial evidence linking him to the victim's death. The trial court and the Andhra Pradesh High Court both upheld the conviction, relying on seven material circumstances, including the appellant'…

Satyendra Kumar Mehra was convicted under several IPC offences and sentenced to five years rigorous imprisonment with a fine of Rs.25,000 in each of four counts. He appealed the conviction and also sought suspension of his sentence. The High Court suspended the sentence, released him on bail, but directed that he depos…

The appellants were convicted for the murder of Rameshbhai Prajapati, who was attacked with a large knife while sleeping, after the accused objected to his brother's marriage. The trial court convicted four of the five accused under Sections 302, 147, 148 and 149 IPC, acquitting one; the High Court later set aside the …

The Supreme Court examined whether the Central Government's Rule 7 of the Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes (Prevention of Atrocities) Rules, 1995 – which mandates that investigations under the SCST Act be conducted by a police officer not below the rank of Deputy Superintendent of Police – is valid, and whether th…

The State of Madhya Pradesh appealed against the High Court’s order that set aside the trial court’s decision to frame charges against three municipal officials accused of corruptly granting building and completion certificates for Sayaji Hotel. The officials were alleged to have conspired to issue a revised building p…

Hari, the appellant, was convicted under Section 302 IPC for murdering his cousin Khemsingh and sentenced to life imprisonment, with a co‑accused also convicted under Section 324. The appellant challenged the conviction on three grounds: a delay of a few hours in lodging the FIR, the prosecution’s failure to explain in…

The appellant was part of a group that abducted Bhagvandas Sindhi and attempted to extort money; when the victim resisted, the appellant allegedly fired a revolver at him, causing a fatal head wound. The weapon and a bullet were later recovered, and a ballistic expert testified that the bullet was fired from the seized…

The victim Aruna suffered severe burns after the appellant Jaishree allegedly poured kerosene on her and set her alight; Aruna died fifteen days later. During her dying period she gave five dying declarations, which were recorded by medical staff and police. The trial court convicted Jaishree of murder under Section 30…

Madhumilan Syntex Ltd., a public limited company, failed to deposit Tax Deducted at Source (TDS) within the statutory period for AY 1989-90, though it later paid the amount with interest. The Income Tax Officer issued a show‑cause notice under Section 276B read with Section 278B, treating the company and its directors …

The appellants were convicted under Sections 3(1)(iii), 3(1)(v) and 3(1)(x) of the Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes (Prevention of Atrocities) Act, 1989. They appealed, contending that the Special Court – a Court of Session designated under the Act – could not take cognizance of the offence suo moto and register t…

The appellant, father of a woman allegedly murdered by her husband (respondent No.2), challenged the grant of regular bail by a Metropolitan Magistrate in a murder case (Section 302 IPC) after the accused had earlier obtained anticipatory bail for lesser offences. The High Court dismissed the revision petition without …

The respondents, convicted prisoners, filed writ petitions seeking premature release on the ground that the note appended to paragraph 631 of the Punjab Jail Manual had statutory force and thus overrode the State Government's executive instructions of 1971 and 1976 that modified paragraph 516‑B. The High Court accepted…

The State of Madhya Pradesh prosecuted Balveer Singh for the murder, concealment and conspiracy to murder his wife, relying heavily on the testimony of the 7‑year‑old daughter, Rani, as the sole eye‑witness. The High Court acquitted the accused, holding that the child’s delayed statement and residence with an inimical …

The Supreme Court examined orders issued by a Single Judge of the Madras High Court that, after disposing a petition to transfer a single land‑grabbing case, on "special mentioning" directed the transfer of 864 other cases pending in special courts to ordinary jurisdictional magistrates. The Court held that the High Co…

The Enforcement Directorate appealed a Bombay High Court order that granted default bail to respondents arrested under the Prevention of Money Laundering Act, 2002. The crux of the dispute was whether the day of remand should be counted when calculating the 60‑day (or 90‑day) period prescribed under Section 167(2)(a)(i…

The appellant filed a criminal complaint alleging cheating, forgery and offences under the SC/ST Act, which the Judicial Magistrate dismissed for lack of evidence. The appellant sought revision before the Sessions Court, which held that the appellant belonged to a Scheduled Caste, found a prima facie case and remanded …

Pankaj Jain, accused in a CBI case involving serious offences under the IPC and the Prevention of Corruption Act, was issued a non‑bailable warrant and proceedings under sections 82 and 83 of the CrPC. He voluntarily appeared before the Special Judge, CBI, and sought release on a bond under section 88 of the Code of Cr…

The appellants, armed with bombs and guns, attacked the informant's nephews, hurling bombs that caused two deaths and injuries to others. The trial court convicted several accused under Sections 302 and 149 of the IPC, Sections 3 and 4 of the Explosive Substances Act and Section 27 of the Arms Act, sentencing two to de…

The Central Bureau of Investigation filed an appeal against the Punjab and Haryana High Court’s order quashing FIR No. SIA‑2001‑E‑0006, which alleged cheating, forgery and conspiracy (IPC sections 420, 471, 120B) against Sadhu Ram Singla and others. The FIR arose from alleged fraudulent stock statements that enabled a …

The appellant, a neighbour, abducted a three‑year‑old girl from her home under the pretext of giving her biscuits, subsequently raping and murdering her. The trial court convicted him under IPC sections 364, 376, 377, 302 and 201 and imposed death for the murder, which the High Court affirmed. On appeal, the Supreme Co…

The appellant, Sonu Sardar, along with four others, entered the house of a scrap dealer, demanded money, and committed dacoity followed by the murder of five persons, including two children, using a knife, axe and iron rod. The prosecution proved the appellant's participation through the testimony of the victim's daugh…

The Supreme Court, hearing a suo motu writ petition, examined the midnight police raid on a sleeping crowd at Ramlila Maidan on 4-5 June 2011, where police used teargas, lathi charge and brick‑batting after revoking permission for a yoga camp and a fast led by Baba Ramdev. The Court found that the order under Section 1…

In a criminal revision, the revisionist failed to appear because his counsel did not note the case in the main list, leading the High Court to pass a judgment. An application was filed to recall that order on the ground that the case was not listed, and the High Court recalled the order and ordered a fresh hearing. The…

The State of Uttar Pradesh appealed to the Supreme Court under Article 136 against the Allahabad High Court’s acquittal of Guru Charan, Sunil, Pramod and Brahma Pal for the alleged murder of Ramesh Narain and Jitendra (Guddu) and the murderous assault on Nathu Singh. The trial court had convicted the accused under IPC …

The appellant, Kirpal Singh, was convicted for murdering Ram Kumar Singh after allegedly firing a gunshot during a family dispute. The trial court and High Court relied on the medical testimony confirming a homicidal death and on eyewitness accounts of the appellant's wife and son, which were corroborated by the FIR fi…

The appellants, a husband and his in‑laws, were convicted for the death of the wife by strangulation allegedly motivated by a dowry demand. Both the trial court and the Madras High Court upheld convictions under IPC sections 302 (murder) and 498A (dowry death based on dowry demand). On appeal, the Supreme Court examine…

The complainant appealed against a Madras High Court order that granted anticipatory bail under Section 438 of the Cr.P.C. to three accused who were apprehending arrest in a dowry‑related murder case. The High Court had stipulated detailed conditions and effectively released the accused without requiring their surrende…

J.K. International filed a complaint alleging criminal breach of trust and cheating, leading to an FIR and a charge‑sheet. The accused sought a writ in the Delhi High Court to quash the criminal proceedings, and the complainant applied to be impleaded as a party so that he could be heard. The High Court dismissed the a…

Kusum Ingots and Alloys Ltd., a company, issued post‑dated cheques to Pennar Peterson Securities Ltd. The cheques were dishonoured, a statutory notice was sent, and the payee filed a complaint under Section 138 of the Negotiable Instruments Act. Before the 15‑day notice period expired, the company was declared "sick" b…

The appellants, senior employees of Juniper Networks India, were accused by a former employee of forcibly terminating her employment, confiscating her laptop, and using "filthy language" while evicting her from the premises. The complainant filed a non‑cognizable report, followed by an FIR alleging offences under secti…

The case involved the murder of a widow, Brijitha, during a robbery. Accused No.1 (the appellant) was living with the deceased and was arrested after giving a disclosure statement that led to the arrest of Accused No.2, who was later convicted of murder and robbery. The trial court acquitted Accused No.1, holding that …

The case arose from FIR 205/2015 alleging murder, attempted murder and offences under the Arms Act in a land‑dispute incident, with Resham Chand Kaler, a British national, alleged to be the kingpin. The trial court rejected his bail application, but the Punjab & Haryana High Court later granted regular bail. The compla…

The Municipal Corporation of Greater Mumbai filed a complaint under Section 354 read with Section 475A(1)(a) of the Mumbai Municipal Corporation Act against respondents for failing to repair a structurally unsafe building. The Metropolitan Magistrate dismissed the complaint on the ground of a two‑month delay, dischargi…

The complainant Priya lodged an FIR alleging that the accused Prashant Bharti had assaulted, molested, and later raped her under sections 328, 354 and 376 IPC, claiming these acts were committed on the promise of marriage. Investigation revealed mobile‑phone records disproving the presence of both parties at the allege…

The appellant, C.P. Subhash, the General Manager of SNP Ventures, filed a criminal complaint alleging that senior managers of Gorden Woodroff Ltd. forged two 1922 sale deeds to fraudulently claim title over land he possessed. An FIR was registered under IPC sections 468 and 471, but the respondents obtained a quashing …

Thana Singh, an undertrial accused of an offence under the NDPS Act, had been detained for over twelve years without trial despite repeated bail refusals. The Supreme Court examined whether such prolonged detention violated the right to speedy trial under Article 21 of the Constitution. Relying on earlier decisions tha…

The father of the deceased, Madan Lal Kapoor, filed a criminal complaint alleging his daughter Dr. Monica Thapar was poisoned, later also claiming strangulation. The trial court discharged the accused, Rajiv Thapar and others, on the basis of post‑mortem, forensic and inquest reports showing natural death due to a card…

The appellant, Rajendra Ramchandra Kavalekar, was accused of obtaining a forged degree from Ranchi University in collusion with university officials and using it to secure employment with ITDC. The CBI filed a case in Ranchi, Jharkhand, under sections 120(b), 420, 467, 468, 471 of the IPC and sections 13(2) and 13(1)(d…

The appellant, a truck driver, was convicted under Section 376 of the Indian Penal Code for raping the prosecutrix, who was also assaulted by other accused persons. The appellant challenged the conviction on the ground that his name was not mentioned in the FIR, alleging false implication, and contended that the eviden…

Vakil Prasad Singh, an Assistant Engineer of the Bihar State Electricity Board, was accused in 1981 of demanding a bribe and a charge‑sheet was filed in 1982. The case languished for decades, with the High Court ordering a fresh investigation in 1990 that was never completed, and a new charge‑sheet only filed in 2007. …

The petitioner, Rajesh, sought transfer of a criminal case (FIR No.352 dated 7‑12‑2005) under Sections 406, 498A read with Section 34 IPC, pending in the Judicial Magistrate First Class, Chittorgarh, to a court in Hissar. The matter was posted before the Supreme Court Lok Adalat on 6‑12‑2008, where both parties appeare…

The respondent, Ratian Mallik, was convicted under Sections 27A and 29 of the NDNDPS Act for financing and trading 14.9 kg of heroin and sentenced to ten years' rigorous imprisonment for each offence along with fines. He appealed the conviction and, while his appeal was pending, sought suspension of the sentence and ba…

The appellants were convicted under Sections 302 and 506 of the IPC for the murder of Shiv Kumar. While the conviction was under appeal, the co‑accused (respondents 2 and 3) applied for bail under Section 389 of the CrPC. The Allahabad High Court granted bail without recording detailed reasons, relying merely on the ab…

Navjot Singh Sidhu, a sitting Member of Parliament, was convicted by the Punjab High Court under Section 304 Part II IPC and sentenced to three years' rigorous imprisonment. He resigned from the Lok Sabha and sought a fresh mandate, filing an application to suspend the order of conviction, arguing that under Section 8(…

The case involved a murder arising from a rivalry between two village groups, leading to the death of Ramkumar. Five persons were tried; the trial court convicted all under Sections 148, 302 and 149 of the IPC, sentencing them to life imprisonment. The Rajasthan High Court acquitted three of the accused of the charges …

The Supreme Court examined the conviction of Bhagwan Singh and two co‑accused for murder and related offences under the IPC and the Madhya Pradesh Dacoity Vihavaran Kshetra Act. The conviction was based primarily on the testimony of a six‑year‑old child eye‑witness and a judicial confession recorded under Section 164 C…

The case involved three brothers—Husna, Rupa and Jalour Singh—accused of house trespass, murder of Salish Kumar and illegal possession of arms. The FIR did not name the accused; they were later identified in a supplementary statement recorded by police during investigation. The Supreme Court held that such a supplement…

Harbans Lal was convicted for the murder of his wife Punni Devi, who died from burns, along with his two sons. The trial court sentenced all three to life imprisonment; the High Court acquitted the sons but upheld the husband's conviction. On appeal, the Supreme Court examined the prosecution's case, which rested mainl…

The appellants were convicted under Sections 364, 302, 120-B and 201 of the IPC for the abduction and murder of Gurpal Singh, based largely on the testimony of an alleged eyewitness, CCTV footage, and confessional statements made to police. The Supreme Court examined the credibility of the eyewitness, noting material o…

The appellant, an Additional District and Sessions Judge, appealed to the Supreme Court seeking expungement of adverse remarks recorded by the Delhi High Court in its order dated 2 March 2023. The remarks criticized the appellant’s conduct in rejecting an anticipatory bail application and directing inquiries against po…

The case arose from a land‑dispute over a pathway between the prime accused Surjaram and the deceased Ladduram, which escalated into a violent clash on 18‑07‑1989 resulting in two deaths and several injuries. The trial courts and the High Court delivered mixed judgments, convicting some accused under Section 302 r.w. S…

The appellant challenged an FIR filed by the respondent by filing a petition under Section 482 of the Criminal Procedure Code before the High Court. The High Court, on 20 April 2021, quashed the FIR by a detailed reasoned order. On 28 April 2021, the same High Court, acting suo moto, recalled its earlier order. The app…

The appellant, a government medical officer, was charged under Section 376(2)(b) IPC, Section 420 IPC read with Section 34, and Section 3(1)(x) of the SC/ST Act after a widow nurse alleged that he had a consensual relationship and failed to marry her. The appellant sought quashing of the FIR and charge sheet under Sect…

The case involves the death of Roshni, who suffered 100% burns and gave a dying declaration to a Judicial Magistrate in hospital after a doctor certified her fitness to speak. The trial court acquitted the four accused, rejecting the dying declaration and relying on the victim's brother's testimony that the accused wer…

The appellant, a former Deputy Director of the Enforcement Directorate, alleged that respondents deliberately suppressed material facts about a mistaken Interpol notice, causing him to remain in judicial custody for 36 days. He filed a criminal contempt petition under Article 215 of the Constitution, claiming the respo…

The CBI appealed against the Delhi High Court’s order quashing a Special Judge’s grant of pardon to respondent No.2 (Abhishek Verma) under Section 306 of the CrPC, who had confessed to forging a fax message on the instructions of respondent No.1 (Ashok Kumar Aggarwal). The Supreme Court examined the scope of the court’…

The CBI filed a case against Ashok Kumar Aggarwal for possessing disproportionate assets and obtained sanction for prosecution under Section 19 of the Prevention of Corruption Act, 1988. The respondent challenged the validity of the sanction, alleging that material was not placed before the Finance Minister and that th…

The appellant, Vadlakonda Lenin, was accused of murdering his wife while she slept and fleeing the scene. The prosecution's case relied entirely on circumstantial evidence, including the appellant's history of dowry demands, a quarrel with the victim, the victim being found injured in her home, the appellant seen runni…

Three men were stopped by police while travelling in a car and, after giving consent, were searched in the presence of village panchas. Opium packets were recovered from their persons and from the vehicle, leading to conviction under Sections 8 and 18 of the NDPS Act and a ten‑year rigorous imprisonment sentence. The a…

Satish Mehra filed a criminal complaint alleging cheating and forgery in the renewal and encashment of five foreign currency non‑resident fixed deposits (FCNRFD). The trial court framed charges against two bank officials (Chief Manager and Senior Manager of Canara Bank) and against the complainant's wife and father‑in‑…

The appellants were charged under Section 138 of the Negotiable Instruments Act for dishonouring cheques. The complaint filed by the payee was not signed by the complainant but was later verified and signed on a verification statement before the magistrate. The legal issue was whether a complaint "in writing" under Sec…

Shiv Shankar Singh filed two protest petitions against the State of Bihar after two FIRs were lodged for the same incident, one alleging a dacoity and the other alleging murder for property disputes. The first petition, filed before the police final report, was deemed incompetent, while the second petition was entertai…

Bangaru Laxman appealed against the order of a Special Judge that granted pardon to an accomplice (respondent No.2) before the charge‑sheet was filed. The appellant argued that the Special Judge under the Prevention of Corruption Act, 1988 (PC Act) lacked jurisdiction to grant pardon at the investigation stage and that…

Manoj Yadav challenged a High Court order granting his wife maintenance of Rs.4,000 per month under Section 125 of the Criminal Procedure Code, contending that a Madhya Pradesh amendment capped maintenance at Rs.3,000. The Supreme Court granted the husband time to challenge the constitutional validity of the state amen…

Four accused were convicted under the Terrorist and Disruptive Activities (Prevention) Act, the Indian Penal Code and the Explosive Substances Act on the basis of confessional statements recorded by a Superintendent of Police under Section 15 of TADA. The police officer failed to furnish the certificate of satisfaction…

The Supreme Court examined whether the addition of saccharin, an artificial sweetener, to supari (pan masala) violated the Prevention of Food Adulteration Rules, 1955. The appellants were convicted under sections 7(i) and 16(1)(a)(i) of the Prevention of Food Adulteration Act for selling adulterated supari containing s…

The Maharashtra Government appointed all Assistant Commissioners of Police in Greater Bombay as Special Executive Magistrates (SEMs) under a 1974 notification and later conferred on them the powers of an Executive Magistrate under Section 107 of the CrPC by a 1976 notification. A complaint was lodged against several pe…

The trial court acquitted Ms. Uma and co‑accused of murder, holding that the prosecution had not proved its case beyond reasonable doubt, particularly discounting medical evidence in the absence of an eyewitness. The State appealed, and the Madras High Court reversed the acquittal, convicting the appellants on charges …

The Income Tax Department ordered HDFC Bank to stop operation of certain lockers and accounts, but later revoked the order only for the accounts, leading bank officials to mistakenly allow a locker to be operated. The department filed a complaint and an FIR was registered against the bank and its officials for multiple…

The Central Bureau of Investigation filed a case against former Finance Minister P. Chidambaram under Sections 120B, 420 IPC and Sections 8, 13(2), 13(1)(d) of the Prevention of Corruption Act for alleged irregularities in the FIPB clearance of INX Media. After his arrest, the Delhi High Court refused regular bail, cit…

A complaint under the IPC and the Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes (Prevention of Atrocities) Act was filed against the appellant. The Chief Judicial Magistrate initially dismissed the complaint, finding no case, but the Additional Sessions Judge remanded the matter for a fresh review. On remand, the magistrate re…

The case arose from a caste‑based election dispute in Melavalavu village where six Dalits were murdered and forty persons were charged, seventeen of whom were convicted under IPC sections 302, 149 and 34 and the SC/ST (Prevention of Atrocities) Act. The appellants challenged their convictions on the ground that the Fir…

Six persons were charged with offences under Sections 452, 323 read with 34, and 376(2)(g) of the Indian Penal Code for abducting and raping a woman. The prosecutrix identified some of the accused by hearing them address each other by names, but the appellant, Arjun Singh, was not apprehended at the scene and no test i…

The appellant, Sonu Kumar, was one of six accused charged under IPC sections 452, 323 r/w 34, 376(2)(g) and SC/ST Act section 3(x) for the alleged rape of a woman belonging to a Scheduled Caste. The prosecution’s case relied on the victim’s testimony that the accused were addressing each other by names, and on a test i…

The prosecution alleged that Bal Kishan, along with others, forcibly dragged the prosecutrix to a forest and raped her. The trial court convicted the accused based on the testimonies of the prosecutrix, her son and an elderly neighbour, despite finding that the test identification parade conducted by the magistrate did…

A writ petition challenged the selection of Panchayat Secretaries and alleged irregularities involving the former Rural Development Minister, Nirmal Singh Kahlon. The High Court, after a prima facie finding of fraud, directed an inquiry which led to a Vigilance Department FIR and charge‑sheet. The Court then ordered th…

The son of the petitioner was injured in a firearm attack and a case was registered under IPC s.307. The investigating officer submitted a final report excluding the accused on the basis of an alibi, prompting the petitioner to file a writ petition under Art.226 seeking a fair investigation. The High Court directed the…

The Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI) filed a Special Leave Petition seeking cancellation of bail granted to the accused, Mir Usman, in a rape case, alleging that the trial court had adjourned the victim's examination for four months after she fell ill, thereby conducting the trial piecemeal. The Supreme Court exam…

The case arose from a 2005 drug seizure in Chandigarh where the Narcotics Control Bureau (NCB) recovered heroin from a car driven by Satnam Singh and later arrested Balwinder Singh based on a confession recorded under Section 67 of the NDPS Act. The High Court had upheld both convictions, relying on the confessional st…

The Narcotics Control Bureau intercepted a vehicle traveling from Dimapur to Rampur and discovered 3.3 kg of heroin concealed under the wiper of the car. The three occupants, including Md. Nawaz Khan, were arrested; a personal search of Khan revealed no contraband, but the drug was found in the vehicle. The trial court…

The petitioners, National Alliance for People’s Movements and others, challenged the categorisation adopted by the High‑Powered Committee (HPC) of Maharashtra for granting interim bail or parole to prisoners during the Covid‑19 pandemic, alleging that the exclusion of certain categories—such as serious economic offence…

Shantanu Sitaram (also known as Anil Divekar) was convicted along with two co‑accused for the murder of his wife Supriya, whose body was found in a car with ligature marks. The prosecution proved that gold ornaments worn by the victim were recovered from a neighbour of Shantanu and that a rope, stick and knife used in …

The Supreme Court examined a dispute arising from a 1999 technology‑transfer agreement between the government‑run research institute ARCI and private firm Nimra Cerglass. Nimra alleged that ARCI made false representations about having a perfected extruded ceramic honeycomb technology, leading it to invest heavily and l…

The appellant Gajraj Singh was convicted for the murder of his brother-in-law Harish Kumar after the victim's body was discovered with a missing revolver, mobile phone and Rs.3 lakh. Investigation revealed that the victim's SIM (9871879824) was used on a handset bearing IMEI No.35136304044030, which was later used with…

The appellant lodged an FIR alleging murder and later filed a protest petition that was treated as a complaint, leading to two parallel criminal proceedings: one based on a police charge‑sheet and another on the complaint. The accused in the police case were the witnesses in the complaint case and vice‑versa, and none …

The appellants, a family of five, were charged under Sections 302 and 34 of the IPC for allegedly pouring kerosene on the wife of one of them, setting her on fire and causing her death. The trial court acquitted them, finding the post‑mortem report of Dr PW‑7 showed death by asphyxia due to smothering and that the burn…

The appellants, wholesale dealers in dry chillies, stored and handled large quantities of chillies in a godown located in a residential locality. Residents complained that the loading, unloading and storage caused health problems and physical discomfort, and invoked Section 133(1)(b) of the Code of Criminal Procedure b…

The State of Punjab appealed the acquittal of Pohla Singh and Balkaur Singh, who had been convicted by the trial court for murder under s.302 r/w s.34 IPC. The Punjab and Haryana High Court set aside the conviction, citing an alleged delay in lodging the FIR and questioning why the murder was committed at 5.30 a.m. The…

The appellant, Bhaskar, was tried before a Designated Court under the Terrorist and Disruptive Activities (Prevention) Act (TADA) for offences under Sections 302 and 120B of the IPC, Section 4 of the Tamil Nadu Public Property Act and Sections 3 and 5 of TADA. While the trial was pending, the TADA Act expired and the D…

The Central Bureau of Investigation sought clarification and modification of the Supreme Court's directions in Raj Deo Sharma I, which prescribed time limits for closing prosecution evidence to enforce the right to a speedy trial under Article 21. The Court held that the directions are prospective, that periods of dela…

The accused Rajendran, a jobless alcoholic, was alleged to have strangled his wife and set fire to their hut, resulting in the deaths of his wife and two daughters. The trial court, relying on a series of corroborative circumstantial facts – including repeated quarrels, the accused’s presence in the house at the time o…

The appellant Ranjit Singh was named in an FIR for an unlawful assembly in which a rifle was seized and used to fire at the deceased; the police investigation under Section 173 exonerated him and the case was committed to the Sessions Court. The complainant filed a petition before the Sessions Judge seeking to have the…

Maniyeri Madhavan, a journalist, alleged that Kerala police assaulted him and his newspaper office and sought an impartial investigation. The Kerala High Court directed a Deputy Inspector General to investigate, but the investigation stalled and the Supreme Court, exercising its Article 142 jurisdiction, ordered the CB…

Girish Gandhi, facing 13 FIRs across six states, obtained bail in all cases but could not furnish the multiple sureties required by each bail order. He petitioned the Supreme Court under Article 32 seeking to have the personal bond and a single set of sureties, already furnished in two cases, deemed sufficient for the …

The respondent, an Iranian citizen married to an Indian national, applied for an Overseas Citizen of India (OCI) card but was denied because the authorities required her estranged husband to be present, either physically or virtually, for a personal interview. She challenged this requirement in the Delhi High Court, wh…

The appellants, the mother‑in‑law and sister‑in‑law of the deceased Sahitya, were convicted by the trial court and the Karnataka High Court for murder under Section 302 read with Section 34 of the IPC based on a prosecution theory that they conspired with alleged assailants (accused Nos. 4 and 5). The Supreme Court exa…

The Supreme Court examined whether a secured creditor under the SARFAESI Act could obtain possession of a secured asset by invoking Section 14 without first attempting possession under Section 13(4), and whether such a route would defeat the borrower's right to appeal under Section 17. It held that the creditor may dir…

The appellant, accused of insulting her sister‑in‑law's religious sentiments, was charged under Section 504 of the IPC after a complaint alleging that she dragged a deity's idol from a puja room, causing damage and intending to provoke a breach of peace. The Additional Chief Metropolitan Magistrate, applying Section 20…

Kheraj Ram, suspecting his wife's infidelity, murdered his wife, two daughters and his brother‑in‑law on the night of 10‑10‑1992. The trial court convicted him under Section 302 IPC and imposed death, relying on a series of circumstantial facts – motive, prior quarrels, his presence with the victims, an extra‑judicial …

The case involved nine accused who conspired to kidnap foreign nationals in India to demand the release of jailed militants. The main conspirator, Umar Sheikh, escaped after an exchange of hijacked‑plane passengers, while six co‑accused were convicted under the Terrorist and Disruptive Activities (Prevention) Act (TADA…

The appellant, a non‑executive director of Procter & Gamble Hygiene Ltd., was summoned as an accused in a criminal complaint alleging that the company distributed expired drugs to an unlicensed dealer, violating the Drugs & Cosmetics Act, 1940. The appellant challenged the summoning order under Section 482 of the CrPC,…

The appellant Somesh Chaurasia sought cancellation of bail granted to the second respondent, who had been convicted of murder under Section 302 IPC and whose sentence was suspended under Section 389(1) CrPC. While the suspension was in force, an FIR (No. 143 of 2019) alleged that the second respondent had murdered the …

The Supreme Court examined appeals filed by the State of Uttar Pradesh challenging the High Court's grant of bail to several convicts who had been sentenced to life imprisonment for serious offences under the IPC and the Criminal Law (Amendment) Act, 2013. The central issue was whether, at the post‑conviction stage, th…

Saurabh Kumar was arrested in connection with a land‑dispute case and was produced before the Additional Chief Judicial Magistrate, who remanded him to judicial custody under an order dated 1 July 2013. The petitioner filed a writ of habeas corpus under Article 32, alleging illegal detention, police brutality and claim…

Shyam Narain Pandey, a school principal, was convicted under IPC sections 147, 148, 302/144 read with 120B and sentenced to life imprisonment. He applied for a stay of his conviction under Section 389(1) of the Code of Criminal Procedure, arguing that the conviction would deprive him of his livelihood, but the High Cou…

The appellant Ohan Singh was convicted for the death of his brother Shiv Ram, who died after being struck on the head with an iron rod during a family property dispute. The prosecution relied on Shiv Ram's dying declaration, recorded by a Head Constable after a doctor certified that he was fit to speak, which identifie…

Mannu Sao was convicted under IPC sections 302 and 201 for murdering his wife, Bimla Devi, whose body was found burnt. He claimed she had committed suicide by self‑immolation, but the post‑mortem showed death by throttling before the burns. The trial and High Courts upheld the conviction based on a chain of circumstant…

The appellant, an accused in a criminal case registered in Tamil Nadu, obtained a transfer of the case to the Principal District and Sessions Court in Pondicherry under Section 406 of the CrPC, alleging bias by the Tamil Nadu prosecution. After transfer, the Tamil Nadu government appointed a Special Public Prosecutor a…

Swamy Shraddananda, convicted of murdering his wife Shakereh under sections 302 and 201 IPC, was sentenced to death by the trial court and the Karnataka High Court affirmed the sentence. The Supreme Court, hearing a split decision on sentencing, noted that while the murder was cold‑blooded and motivated by greed, the d…

The appellant wife filed a petition under Section 125 of the Criminal Procedure Code seeking maintenance, alleging that her husband, who had sufficient means, had neglected and refused to maintain her and was living with another woman. The husband contended that the wife could not prove a second marriage under Section …

Kesar Singh was convicted of murder under Sections 302 and 34 of the IPC and sentenced to life imprisonment on 28 May 1987. After serving a little over eight years, he filed a petition under Section 482 of the CrPC in the Punjab & Haryana High Court seeking premature release. The High Court entertained the petition and…

The CBI filed an FIR in 2006 alleging that a senior Cotton Purchase Officer and his associates conspired to buy cotton at market rates, hoard it, and sell it to the Cotton Corporation of India (CCI) at the higher Minimum Support Price (MSP) through benami farmers, causing an alleged loss of Rs 21.19 crore. A chargeshee…

The appellant challenged the arrest of his son, Kessireddy Raja Shekhar Reddy, alleging that the police failed to provide appropriate and meaningful grounds of arrest, thereby violating Article 22 of the Constitution. The son was arrested on 21 April 2025 by the CID in connection with offences under Sections 420, 409, …

The appellants were convicted under Sections 302, 307 and 34 of the IPC for the murder of Sukha based primarily on the testimony of the complainant and other prosecution witnesses. During bail proceedings, three eyewitnesses submitted affidavits stating that the appellants were not involved, but the investigating offic…

The Supreme Court examined a criminal appeal filed by the State of West Bengal challenging a High Court order that had set aside the conviction of an accused under the POCSO Act and IPC for raping a 14‑year‑old girl who later married him and bore a child. The Court restored the conviction for offences under Section 6 o…

The National Investigation Agency (NIA) investigated members and office bearers of the Popular Front of India (PFI) for alleged offences under the IPC and the Unlawful Activities (Prevention) Act (UAPA), including conspiracy, recruitment, and weapons training aimed at establishing an Islamic state. The respondents were…

The appellant Jose was convicted for murdering his wife by dousing her with petrol and setting her ablaze while she slept, and for attempting to murder his grandchild. The prosecution relied on the victim's dying declaration, recorded by a doctor, and a series of circumstantial facts indicating motive, opportunity, and…

The appellant Rohtash was convicted by the High Court for dowry death under Sections 304‑B and 498‑A IPC, based on alleged dowry demands of Rs.10,000 and Rs.5,000 and the claim that his wife Indro committed suicide by poison. The trial court had acquitted all accused, finding material inconsistencies in witness stateme…

The Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI) appealed against the High Court's order discharging Ramesh Chander Diwan of offences under Sections 120B and 420 of the IPC, on the ground that no sanction under Section 197 of the Code of Criminal Procedure (CrPC) had been obtained. Diwan, originally appointed by the Governmen…

The case concerned the alleged murder of Amina and her three daughters by setting them on fire, for which the accused, Aejaz Ahmad Sheikh's brother, was initially convicted and sentenced to death. The High Court later acquitted him, prompting appeals by the State and the complainant. The Supreme Court examined the reli…

The appellants, a mother‑in‑law and her son‑in‑law, were convicted under Section 498‑A of the IPC for cruelty to a woman and sentenced to rigorous imprisonment and fine. They sought to replace the imprisonment with an enhanced fine, but the court held that fine cannot substitute imprisonment under Section 498‑A. The pr…

The case involves a murder and related offences under the IPC where ten persons were charged, including Accused No.6 (Mohammed Bhava) and Accused No.8 (Mohammed Musthafa). Both had been granted anticipatory bail and regular bail respectively by the Karnataka High Court, orders which were later challenged by the complai…

The petitioner, convicted of murder and related offences, served 16 years of a life sentence and applied for premature release under Chhattisgarh Prison Rule 358. The appropriate government sought the opinion of the Special Judge who, without providing detailed reasons or considering the factors laid down in Laxman Nas…

The case involved a violent clash between members of two political parties in Kerala, resulting in the murder of a CPI(M) member. Sixteen accused were charged, but the trial court acquitted A-10 to A-16 while convicting five others. The High Court upheld the convictions but reversed the acquittals of A-10 to A-13, rely…

The appellant, a resolution professional for National Plywood Industries Ltd., challenged a High Court order that allowed an operational creditor (Respondent No.1) to operate its bank account despite a moratorium imposed under the Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code (IBC). The appellant alleged that the creditor had receive…

Several convicts sentenced to life imprisonment filed writ petitions challenging Rule 8(2)(i) of the Rajasthan Prisons (Shortening of Sentences) Rules, 2006, which required them to serve 14 years of actual imprisonment and earn a minimum of four years of remission before their cases could be considered for remission. T…

Kumar Ghimirey was convicted under Sections 9 and 10 of the Protection of Children from Sexual Offences (POCSO) Act, 2012 and Section 341 of the IPC for attempting to sexually assault a seven‑year‑old girl, and was sentenced to seven years’ imprisonment and a fine. On appeal, the Sikkim High Court altered the convictio…

The case arose from a clash between two groups in 1997 where the appellant, Ramesh Kumar @ Babla, was alleged to have struck the complainant with a sword, causing head injuries. The trial court convicted him under Section 307 of the IPC for attempted murder and sentenced him to three years' rigorous imprisonment, a dec…

The appellant Shaukat and his father Sabbir were charged with killing Wilayat and injuring Rahmat over a dispute about digging earth from a village pond. The trial court convicted Shaukat under Sections 302 and 307 IPC; the High Court reduced the conviction to Section 304(Part I) and 308 IPC, invoking Exception 4 to Se…

The appellant, M.A. Antony, was convicted of murdering six members of a family in Kerala and sentenced to death, along with other imprisonments, based largely on circumstantial evidence. The prosecution relied on motive, the appellant's presence at the crime scene, forensic evidence such as fingerprints and scalp hair,…

The State of Punjab prosecuted Harjagdev Singh for the murder of his parents. The accused was arrested, gave a disclosure statement that led to the recovery of the murder weapon, and subsequently made a confession before a Judicial Magistrate under Section 164 of the CrPC admitting his guilt. The trial court convicted …

The appellants, owners of Lakhani Rubber Udyog Ltd, lodged a complaint alleging trademark infringement by Saraswati Utpadan Pvt Ltd. The complaint was initially made to the Station House Officer (SHO), who directed the complainant to approach the Senior Superintendent of Police (SSP). The SSP ordered an investigation, …

The case involved the murder of two villagers in Uddandarayunipalem, for which twelve accused were charged under various IPC provisions. The trial court convicted all except A-3 (who died) and the High Court upheld convictions of A-1, A-2, A-10, A-11 and A-12 while acquitting A-4 to A-9 on the ground of insufficient ev…

Govindasami was accused of murdering his uncle Nagamalai, the latter's wife, two sons and a daughter in May 1984. The prosecution relied on circumstantial evidence: a land‑dispute motive, a wrist‑watch recovered from the crime scene that belonged to the accused, a blood‑stained lungi and a promissory note found on him,…

The appellants inherited land that had been sold by a Mool Raiyat in 1939 to Bimal Kanti Roy Choudhury and subsequently in 1950 to their father, Radha Prasad Singh. The sale of 38.09 acres was approved and mutated by the Sub‑Divisional Officer and Deputy Commissioner after a seven‑month scrutiny, creating a vested righ…

The Supreme Court examined the convictions of five accused (Al, A2, A3, A4, A5) for the murders of Savitri Devi and her grandson Sunil and related robbery. The Sessions Court had sentenced them to life imprisonment, but the Karnataka High Court enhanced the sentences of Al, A2 and A3 to death. The Court held that the H…

The petitioner, Poonam Lata, filed a writ petition under Article 32 seeking habeas corpus for her husband Shital Kumar, who had been detained under section 3(1) of the Conservation of Foreign Exchange and Prevention of Smuggling Activities Act, 1974 (COFEPOSA) on 28‑Feb‑1986. After a rejected representation and confirm…

The State of Haryana appealed the Punjab & Haryana High Court's order that quashed an FIR registered against Dr. Ritu Singh, a veterinary doctor, on the ground that the complainant and the accused had reached a compromise. The FIR alleged that Dr. Singh fraudulently withdrew government salary by undertaking unauthorize…

The appellant, a 17‑year‑old at the time of the 2016 offence, was identified as a Child in Conflict with Law (CICL) but the charge sheet was filed directly before a Sessions Court without referral to a Juvenile Justice Board (JJB). The trial court convicted him under sections of the IPC and the POCSO Act and sentenced …

The appellants, directors of Priknit Apparel Ltd, received an investment of Rs 2.5 crore from Respondent No. 2 (SMC Global Securities) in exchange for 2,50,000 equity shares, but failed to launch an IPO as per the memorandum of understanding. The complainant filed a police complaint in Delhi which was dismissed, and su…

Umesh Singh was convicted for the murder of Shailendra Kumar, who was shot with a revolver and rifle by Singh and several co‑accused. The prosecution relied on the eye‑witness testimony of the victim’s cousin (PW2) and corroborating statements of other witnesses, while the defence challenged the validity of the FIR (ar…

The GHCL Employees Stock Option Trust filed a criminal complaint alleging that the Managing Director, Company Secretary and other directors of M/s. India Infoline Ltd. (the respondents) had sold 8,76,668 of its shares and misappropriated the proceeds, constituting criminal breach of trust and cheating. A Metropolitan M…

The appellant Sayed Darain Ahsan was convicted under IPC sections 302 and 34 for the murder of Mughal, based on the testimony of four local eyewitnesses who identified him and his associate as the shooters. The defence argued that the eyewitness accounts conflicted with medical evidence showing only a single bullet wou…

The case involved the murder of Pratima Nandi on 23 February 2002. An eight‑year‑old girl, Manika (PW‑2), testified that the accused, Promode Dey, entered the house with a large dao and killed her mother. Her testimony was corroborated by her grandmother (PW‑1), her father (PW‑11), a village resident (PW‑8) and the rec…

The appellant-wife, K. Neelaveni, complained that her husband had contracted a second marriage, given gold ornaments, subjected her to cruelty and forced her to abort a pregnancy, leading to a police charge‑sheet under IPC sections 406, 494 and 498A. The accused filed a petition in the Madras High Court seeking quash o…

Jagdish, a Class‑3 life convict sentenced in 1999, applied for premature release after serving more than ten years. The High Court ordered his case to be considered under the remission policy dated 04‑02‑1993, rejecting the newer short‑sentencing policy of 13‑08‑2008. The State appealed, arguing that the later policy, …

Following the demolition of the Babri Masjid, two criminal cases (197/92 and 198/92) were registered and investigated by the CBI. The Uttar Pradesh Government, after consulting the Allahabad High Court, established a Special Court at Lucknow via a notification dated 9 September 1993, but later issued an amendment on 8 …

The Revenue initiated prosecution under Section 276C of the Income Tax Act, 1961 for alleged concealment of income for AY 1988‑89. The assessees filed a petition under Section 482 Cr.P.C. seeking quash of the prosecution, contending that applications for settlement under Section 245C were pending before the Settlement …

The Inspector of Police (Vigilance & Anti‑Corruption) in Tiruchirappalli received information that the accused, V. Jayapaul, was extracting money from vehicle owners using bogus notices. He lodged a First Information Report under Sections 420, 201 IPC and Section 13(2) read with 13(1)(d) of the Prevention of Corruption…

The appellant Devender Pal Singh was arrested after being deported from Germany and recorded a confessional statement under Section 15 of the Terrorist and Disruptive Activities (Prevention) Act (TADA). The Designated Court convicted him of offences under TADA and the IPC, including criminal conspiracy, and sentenced h…

Modi Cements Ltd. filed three criminal complaints under Section 138 of the Negotiable Instruments Act against K.K. Nandi for dishonour of cheques that were returned with a "payment stopped by the drawer" endorsement. The High Court quashed the complaints on the ground that the stop‑payment instruction precluded liabili…

The Deputy Chief Controller of Imports and Exports filed a complaint under Section 5 of the Imports and Exports (Control) Act, 1947 against Parle Bottling Co. Ltd. and its Managing Director, alleging contravention of licence conditions. The complaint was transferred to another magistrate court, where cognizance was tak…

The accused were tried for murder, dacoity and robbery after the victim's jeep was allegedly hijacked; the trial court acquitted them of murder and dacoity but convicted them of robbery. The State appealed, and the Gujarat High Court reversed the acquittal, convicting the accused of murder and related offences. The Sup…

The appellant Vikas Chandra challenged the summons issued to respondent No.2, the former Secretary of Mandi Samiti, for alleged abetment of his father's suicide under Section 306 IPC. The father had died by poison after allegedly being denied salary, and a suicide note blamed the respondent, but the note contained no r…

The appellant Vahitha was convicted under Section 302 IPC for allegedly strangling her five‑year‑old daughter in the house of her mother‑in‑law. The prosecution relied on the testimony of the mother‑in‑law, two other family members, and two independent neighbours who saw the appellant near the child's body, as well as …

M/s TRL Krosaki Refractories Ltd. (the appellant) issued cheques to M/s SMS Asia Private Ltd. which were dishonoured. The appellant filed a complaint under Section 138 of the Negotiable Instruments Act, 1881 before a Sub‑Divisional Judicial Magistrate, the complaint being filed in the name of the company and signed by …

The State of Madhya Pradesh appealed against two orders of the Madhya Pradesh High Court that quashed FIRs relating to serious offences including IPC sections 307, 294, 34, 394 and Arms Act sections 25 and 27 on the ground that the complainant had reached a compromise with the accused. The Supreme Court examined whethe…

The case arose from the 2009 hooch tragedy in Ahmedabad, Gujarat, where spurious country‑made liquor containing methyl alcohol caused 147 deaths and 205 injuries. Ravindersingh @ Ravi Pavar (appellant) and Jayesh Hiralal Thakker (respondent) were charged under several sections of the IPC and the Bombay Prohibition Act …

During a ceremonial feast at Kishan Singh's house, appellant Som Raj (Soma) assaulted his nephew Sardari Lal with a sharp‑edged agricultural implement called a 'darat', striking the back of the victim's head and causing a fatal skull injury. Five eyewitnesses (PW1, PW2, PW3, PW6, PW8) testified that the appellant was a…

The case concerned the admissibility of evidence recorded in the main trial of the 1993 Bombay blast (BBC No.1/1993) against a co‑accused, Mustafa Ahmed Dossa, who was arrested years later. The Designated Court had held that evidence recorded before Dossa was declared a proclaimed offender could not be used against him…

The appellants, Pulin Das @ Panna Koch and Mahendra Saikia @ Dilip Saikia, were arrested after a police raid on 8 December 1993 during which arms were seized and they were alleged to be members of the banned ULFA outfit. They were convicted by a designated TADA court under Section 3(2)(ii) of the Terrorist and Disrupti…

The respondents were acquitted by a trial court of offences under IPC sections 498A and 304B. The State of Rajasthan filed an application under CrPC section 378(1) seeking leave to appeal the acquittal, which the Rajasthan High Court dismissed without recording any reasons. The Supreme Court held that an order refusing…

The accused, Rajendra Prasad Jain, was acquitted by a Special Judge under Sections 7 and 13(1)(d) read with 13(2) of the Prevention of Corruption Act, 1988, on the ground that the prosecution failed to prove demand and acceptance of a bribe. The State of Rajasthan filed an application under Section 378(1) of the Code o…

The appellant, Satish Jaggi, filed a petition under Section 407 of the Code of Criminal Procedure seeking transfer of a criminal trial from the Sessions Judge, Raipur, on the ground that the judge's brother was a sitting MLA closely associated with the father of one of the accused, a former Chief Minister. The High Cou…

Bipin S. Panchal was arrested under the Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Act for a massive seizure of methaqualone tablets. The trial court failed to complete the trial within the six‑month period ordered by this Court, leading the Directorate of Revenue Intelligence to seek a further six‑month extension. Whi…

Om Prakash, a 23‑year‑old BSF constable, was convicted of murdering seven members of a rival family in a pre‑meditated attack stemming from a long‑standing land dispute. The trial court sentenced him to death, which the High Court upheld. On appeal, the Supreme Court examined whether the case qualified as a "rarest of …