Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973

The State of Karnataka prosecuted four respondents for the murders of two brothers, alleging they were killed with an axe and sickle. The trial court convicted them under IPC sections 302, 34 and 324 based on eye‑witness testimony, recovered blood‑stained weapons, and post‑mortem reports. The Karnataka High Court acqui…

Ten persons, including eight appellants, were tried for murder (Sec. 302 read with Sec. 149 IPC) and other offences arising from an assault on the deceased Halke. The High Court convicted them of murder and sentenced them to life imprisonment, along with convictions under Sec. 323 and Sec. 325 IPC for causing hurt. On …

The Supreme Court examined the appeal of Laxman Naik, who was convicted of raping and murdering his 7‑year‑old niece. The prosecution case was built entirely on circumstantial evidence, including eyewitnesses who saw the accused and victim together, the accused’s false statements about the victim’s whereabouts, medical…

The appellant's premises were raided by Customs officials, leading to the seizure of gold, silver, and cash and the filing of two criminal complaints under the Customs Act, 1962 and the Gold Control Act, 1968. After the trial magistrate closed evidence, the prosecution sought, under Section 540 of the old Code (now Sec…

Captain Subash Kumar, master of the Panamanian‑flagged MV Eamaco, was charged under section 363 of the Merchant Shipping Act, 1958 for alleged negligence in failing to launch lifeboats when the ship sank 232 nautical miles from India. The appellant contended that the Act did not apply because the vessel was foreign, th…

The appellant, Manish Yadav, was charged under the IPC for rape, assault and criminal intimidation and under the SC/ST Act for caste-based atrocities, based on allegations that he induced a consensual relationship through a false promise of marriage and later abused the complainant. The complainant’s statement under Se…

Mohd. Tahir Hussain, an under‑trial accused in multiple FIRs including rioting and the murder of an IB official, has been in custody since March 2020 and sought interim bail to contest and campaign in the 2025 Delhi Assembly elections. The Delhi High Court allowed only a custodial parole for filing his nomination, prom…

The appellants Thammaraya and Basappa were convicted for murder and concealment of dead body under Sections 302, 201 and 34 of the IPC based largely on circumstantial evidence and alleged disclosure statements that led to the recovery of certain articles. The prosecution's case hinged on the recovery of a gold chain, d…

The appellant filed a complaint under Section 138 of the Negotiable Instruments Act alleging that a cheque dated 06‑03‑2017 issued by Respondent No.2 was dishonoured. The underlying transaction dated 2011 gave rise to a debt of approximately Rs 20.1 lakh, which the High Court held to be time‑barred and consequently qua…

The appellants, a married couple, obtained a passport for their minor child allegedly without the husband’s genuine consent, leading the husband to file a complaint alleging forgery of his signature and cheating. The trial magistrate ordered further investigation, resulting in a supplementary charge‑sheet that added of…

The marriage between the respondent and appellant No.14 was solemnised in Rajasthan, after which the couple lived in Chennai. In 2014 the respondent travelled to Bengaluru for her sister's wedding and subsequently refused to return to the matrimonial home, alleging domestic violence by her husband, his parents, and sev…

Pooja Pal, the widow of slain MLA Raju Pal, alleged that the state police and administration were complicit or indifferent in the murder of her husband and sought a fresh investigation by the Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI). The High Court dismissed her writ petition, but the Supreme Court held that when an inves…

Lehna was convicted of murder (Sec. 302 IPC), attempt to murder (Sec. 324 IPC) and assault (Sec. 458 IPC) for killing his mother, brother and sister‑in‑law and injuring his father and nephew during a family land dispute. The trial court sentenced him to death, which the High Court confirmed. On appeal, the Supreme Cour…

The Supreme Court examined a murder case where Sanjiv Kumar was seen entering and exiting the victim's house with a knife, was found with blood‑stained clothes, and a knife bearing human blood was recovered from his residence. The prosecution relied on circumstantial evidence, including the recovery of blood‑stained cl…

Chandra Mohan Tiwari and Ram Pal Singh Sengar were convicted of murder after the Madhya Pradesh High Court set aside a trial court acquittal. They appealed to the Supreme Court under Section 379 of the CrPC and Section 2(a) of the Supreme Court (Enlargement of Criminal Appellate Jurisdiction) Act, 1970, challenging the…

The dispute arose over a proposed drain through the fields of the complainant, Baghel Singh, leading to a violent clash between his party and that of Swaran Singh and his brothers. During the altercation, Swaran Singh, armed with a rifle, fired two shots that killed Kandhara Singh and Darbara Singh, while his brothers …

The appellant S.D. Soni was married to Varsha, who was found dead in their matrimonial home. The defence claimed suicide, citing a note (Exh. 80) and alleged poisoning, while the prosecution alleged homicide, pointing to internal injuries to the pancreas and spleen and a fabricated suicide note. The Court held that the…

The respondent, a Lt. Colonel of the Indian Army, was attached to another unit, made to relinquish his acting rank and suspended while disciplinary proceedings were pending for alleged torture leading to a soldier’s death. The Army opted to try him before a General Court‑Martial, but the court‑martial could not proceed…

Pawan Kumar was convicted of murder and attempt to murder (IPC ss.302, 307 read with s.34) and sentenced to life imprisonment and seven years rigorous imprisonment. He contended that he was a juvenile at the time of the offence (01‑12‑1995) and sought the benefit of the Juvenile Justice Act. The trial court and High Co…

The Supreme Court upheld the convictions of Harpal Singh @ Chhota and co‑accused for kidnapping, abduction for ransom and conspiracy under IPC §§ 364A, 395, 412, 471, 1208 and Arms Act § 25. The Court found the victim’s testimony – recorded under §§ 161 and 164 Cr.P.C. and reiterated at trial – to be truthful and suffi…

The appellant Subhasish Mondal was convicted of murdering his elder brother and mother in Kharagpur, allegedly motivated by a grievance over a job given to his brother after their father's death. The prosecution relied on circumstantial evidence, including the victim's injuries, the presence of a silver chain belonging…

The appellant, the divorced wife of the first accused, challenged summons issued against her in a case under Section 420 read with Section 34 IPC. The police investigation had filed a refer report stating that the complaint was not proved, and the complainant testified that only the husband had been entrusted with mone…

The case arose from a violent clash between two rival families over a land dispute, which culminated in the murder of Gurdial Singh and injuries to several others. Eight persons, armed with guns and gandasas, assembled and attacked the victims; three of the accused died during trial, leaving five to stand trial. The tr…

On 31 July 1989, a group of accused, including Kalyan Singh, allegedly surrounded a well where Durga Singh Rawat was bathing and Kalyan Singh is said to have urged Budh Singh to fire, resulting in the victim's death. The trial judge, after detailed analysis of witness statements and noting inconsistencies and the enmit…

The appellant, a beneficiary of an enhanced compensation award in a land‑acquisition case, was found by the reference court to have used forged documents and was directed to be prosecuted under Section 340 of the Criminal Procedure Code, 1973. He appealed to the High Court under Section 341, contending that the referen…

The State of Haryana filed a special leave appeal after the Punjab and Haryana High Court quashed a First Information Report (FIR) that had been lodged on a complaint alleging that former Chief Minister Ch. Bhajan Lal had amassed wealth through corrupt means. The Supreme Court examined whether the allegations disclosed…

Murari Lal was convicted of murder and related offences on the basis of two key pieces of evidence: a wrist‑watch belonging to the deceased recovered at his instance, and a handwritten note found beside the dead body that a handwriting expert identified as being written by the appellant. The appellant contended that th…

Mafabhai Motibhai Sagar was convicted of murder and related offences and sentenced to life imprisonment. After the Supreme Court directed a speedy decision on his remission application, the Gujarat Government granted remission but imposed four conditions, two of which the appellant challenged as vague and arbitrary. Th…

The appellant, who filed the FIR, was convicted along with three others for murder and related offences based on eyewitness testimony and forensic evidence. During the trial, the defence counsel admitted the genuineness of the prosecution's documents and dispensed with formal proof, invoking Section 294 of the CrPC. Th…

Bijay Agarwal, an authorized signatory and director of M/s Gee Pee Infotech Pvt. Ltd., was convicted under Section 138 of the Negotiable Instruments Act for the dishonour of cheques issued by the company. The trial court imposed a fine and the appellate court suspended the sentence on the condition that Agarwal deposit…

The appellant, mother of a 12‑year‑old girl, alleged that her brother‑in‑law sexually assaulted the child, causing severe trauma and a decline in academic performance. An FIR was filed under IPC sections 354 and 354A and POCSO Act sections 7, 8, 9 and 11. The Sessions Court denied anticipatory bail to the accused, but …

The appellant Prem Shankar Prasad filed an FIR against respondent No.2 for offences under sections 406, 407, 468 and 506 IPC. An arrest warrant was issued, the accused absconded and a proclamation under s.82 CrPC was made, followed by proceedings under s.82‑83. The trial court dismissed the accused's anticipatory bail …

The complainant alleged that a property inherited from her father was fraudulently transferred to her brother through a forged will and deed, and that the brother subsequently executed a lease to accused No.4, who sub‑leased it to HPCL. The complaint also implicated several other parties, but the High Court quashed the…

The appellant, D. Velusamy, filed an appeal against a family court and High Court order that granted maintenance under Section 125 of the CrPC to the respondent, D. Patchaiammal, on the basis that she was his wife. The appellant contended that he was already lawfully married to another woman, Lakshmi, in 1980, and that…

The Supreme Court examined the constitutionality of sections 2(3) and 2(5) of the Prevention of Terrorism (Repeal) Act, 2004, which allow a Review Committee to deem cases registered under the repealed POTA as withdrawn when it finds no prima facie case. The petitioners (relatives of Godhra‑train victims) argued that th…

The case involved the murder of Chandra Pal Singh, for which respondent No.2 was alleged to have conspired with S.B. Singh to hire shooters. The trial court denied bail, but the Allahabad High Court granted bail, reasoning that the prosecution case was weak and that key statements were recorded only after 2.5 months. T…

The State of Goa charged Subhash Ghogle with murder under Section 302 IPC for allegedly strangling Bendita Parriera on 4 January 1999. The trial court convicted him based on a series of circumstantial facts, including alleged motive, presence at the scene, noises of a quarrel, and forensic evidence, and sentenced him t…

The appellant, a shopkeeper, alleged that police officers assaulted him on 18 February 1997 for keeping his shop open past the prescribed closing time. He claimed the officers questioned him, were dissatisfied with his explanation, and then forcibly placed him in a jeep and beat him. The trial court, after evaluating t…

The case involved a mass murder in which 24 persons were accused of killing five members of a family, including the brutal decapitation of three victims and the burning alive of a ten‑year‑old boy, allegedly as revenge for the earlier murder of A‑1's brother. The prosecution relied on two eye‑witnesses who were close r…

Three brothers—Raj Mohammad, Niaz Ali and Gulzar Ali—were convicted for the murder of Tara Chand, a factotum of Jai Paul, based on circumstantial evidence, letters showing motive, and recovered weapons. The prosecution relied on letters seized from the accused, expert handwriting analysis, and statements by the accused…

The case involved a dacoity and murder where five accused were committed to the Sessions Court; one accused, MR, was granted pardon by the Chief Judicial Magistrate after commitment and examined as an approver. The Supreme Court held that after a case is committed to a Sessions Court, only that Court can grant pardon u…

The case arose from an altercation between two families in Jahangir Puri, Delhi, after which Babu Ram (non‑appellant) fetched a licensed gun and fired indiscriminately from a roof, killing two persons and injuring twenty‑six others. The appellants – Sunil, Shri Krishan and Ravinder – were convicted under Sections 302 a…

The Foreign Exchange Management Act, 1999 (FEMA) repealed the Foreign Exchange Regulation Act, 1973 (FERA) but saved prosecutions for offences under sections 56 and 57 of FERA if cognizance was taken within two years of FEMA's commencement. An Enforcement Officer appointed under FERA filed a complaint on 11 February 20…

The appellant, a Sub Registrar, was convicted under Sections 7 and 13(1)(d) r/w 13(2) of the Prevention of Corruption Act, 1988 for allegedly demanding and accepting Rs.1500 as gratification. The complainant had died before trial, and the prosecution relied on pre‑trap and post‑trap witnesses and documentary evidence t…

The petitioner, convicted of murder and robbery under Sections 302 and 392 IPC, had been in actual imprisonment for over 26 years and had served a total sentence of 35 years including 8 years of remission. He repeatedly sought premature release, and the Jail Advisory Board recommended his release three times, but the K…

The case concerned the kidnapping and murder of 15‑year‑old Ajit Pal, for which three relatives – Rajesh Yadav, Raja Yadav and Om Prakash Yadav – were convicted and sentenced to death (two of them) and life imprisonment based largely on circumstantial evidence and confessions recorded before they were formally accused.…

The CBI investigated a scheme in which bank officials and private individuals defrauded Vijaya Bank of Rs 1.27 crore by sanctioning housing loans. K. Narayana Rao, a panel advocate for the bank, was charged as accused 6 for allegedly giving false legal opinions on ten loans. The High Court, invoking Section 482 of the …

The appellant, Malleshippa, was convicted of murder, kidnapping and concealment of dead body under Sections 302, 364 and 201 IPC based on the testimony of the deceased's mother and wife and police officers. The body was highly decomposed, headless and handless, and its identification relied solely on underwear and a wa…

The appellants were convicted by the Andhra Pradesh High Court for causing the death of Khambam Venkatramana Reddy, based primarily on the eye‑witness testimony of the victim's wife that the accused threw a 25‑30 kg stone on the victim's head. The defence argued that the principal accused was crippled by polio and coul…

The Supreme Court examined whether J. Jayalalithaa, convicted under the Prevention of Corruption Act and sentenced to three years' rigorous imprisonment, could be appointed Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu after her party won a majority. The Court held that a person convicted and sentenced to imprisonment of two years or m…

The appellants, Rammi alias Rameshwar and Bhura alias Sajjan Kumar, were charged with murder of Sardar Singh Thakur inside a moving bus, allegedly as revenge for a prior killing. The prosecution relied on the testimony of the bus driver, the conductor, and a passenger, as well as weapons recovered under Section 27 of t…

The State of U.P. prosecuted Dharmendra Singh and Narendra for the pre‑meditated murder of five members of a complainant’s family, including children and an elderly man, after a personal grievance and an attempted molestation. The trial court convicted them under Section 302 IPC and sentenced them to death, calling the…

The dispute arose when the respondents, armed, attacked Partap Singh after a protest over burnt sugarcane damaging his wheat crop, leading to his death. The trial court convicted the respondents under section 302 IPC (murder) and sentenced them to life imprisonment. The High Court, however, acquitted them of murder, co…

Seven persons were tried for a series of murders allegedly committed as part of a criminal conspiracy under s.302 read with s.120B IPC, and for murder under s.302 read with s.34 IPC. The trial court acquitted all of them of the conspiracy charge but convicted two of them (accused 1 and 6) for the murder of Malan. The H…

The appellant, Pramod Suryabhan Pawar, sought to quash a First Information Report (FIR) filed under Sections 376, 417, 504, 506(2) of the IPC and Sections 3(1)(u), (w) and 3(2)(vii) of the SC/ST Act, alleging that the allegations were based on a false promise to marry and on WhatsApp messages sent before the relevant p…

The case involved the murder of Chander Bhan, an election agent of a losing candidate, allegedly killed by supporters of the same candidate to frame the winning candidate in a false case. The prosecution relied on circumstantial evidence, including an extra‑judicial confession, forensic recovery of a gun and pellets, a…

The Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI) filed criminal complaints against Classic Credit Ltd. and other private parties under the SEBI Act, 1992, which originally required trial before a Metropolitan Magistrate or a Judicial Magistrate of the first class. The SEBI (Amendment) Act, 2002 altered Section 26(2) t…

Lt. Col. Prasad Shrikant Purohit, a serving Army officer, was accused of conspiring with others to plant a bomb in Malegaon in 2008, resulting in six deaths. The case was investigated first by the Anti‑Terrorist Squad (ATS) and later by the National Investigation Agency (NIA), leading to divergent charge‑sheets, with t…

The case arose from the killing of nine persons and injuries to many villagers in Netai, West Bengal, where the CBI investigated and filed a charge sheet against 21 accused, some of whom were absconders. After the charge sheet, several proclaimed offenders were arrested and the CBI sought police remand under Section 16…

Prof. K.V. Rajendran, an associate professor, alleged that a Revenue Divisional Officer (RDO) and other officials tortured him in 1998 and that the State police investigation was inadequate. He repeatedly approached the High Court seeking transfer of the investigation to the Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI), but t…

The respondent, Sanjay Kumar, was convicted of raping and murdering an 18‑year‑old girl, Divya Rani, and was sentenced to death by the Sessions Court. The High Court of Allahabad commuted the death sentence to life imprisonment, holding that the case did not fall within the "rarest of rare" category. The State of Uttar…

The appellants, bank officials, filed a petition under Section 482 of the Code of Criminal Procedure seeking to quash a criminal complaint filed by a guarantor alleging offences under the IPC. The Sub‑Divisional Judicial Magistrate had taken cognizance of the complaint and issued non‑bailable warrants without examining…

The State of Maharashtra prosecuted fifteen accused for a violent incident in which two persons were killed and three injured. The trial court convicted five of them under Section 302 IPC (murder) with life imprisonment and others under Sections 324 and 452 IPC. The Bombay High Court acquitted the accused of the murder…

The Supreme Court heard writ petitions filed as public‑interest litigation by two MPs alleging that former Bihar Chief Ministers Lalu Prasad Yadav and Rabri Devi had unduly influenced the transfer of an Income‑Tax Appellate Tribunal member, the appointment of a Special CBI Judge, and the change of public prosecutors in…

The case involved a mob of sixty persons who formed an unlawful assembly with the common object of murdering Satwa and his sons. The trial court convicted thirteen accused and acquitted the rest, including Ganesh K. Gulve (accused No.24). The High Court upheld the convictions of eleven accused, reversed Gulve's acquitt…

The case concerned the murder of Pallamareddi Ramanareddi by bombs allegedly hurled by Tallurri Venkaiah Naidu (appellant) and co‑accused. The trial court acquitted several accused but convicted the appellant under sections 120‑B/302 IPC and related provisions. The High Court set aside the trial court's acquittals and …

An FIR was lodged alleging that the appellants stone‑pelleted an informant’s house, causing damage and injuring three women. The Judicial Magistrate discharged two appellants (Vijya Bai and Jiya Bai) of all charges and limited the remaining three appellants (Sohan Lal, Padam Chand and Vishnu) to a charge under s. 427 I…

Haya Singh, aged about 18, was convicted of murder under sections 302/34 IPC and sentenced to life imprisonment. Because he was under 21, he was sent to a Borstal Institution under the Punjab Borstal Act, 1926. After turning 21 he was transferred to a district jail and continued to serve his sentence. He filed a writ p…

The appellant, a police constable, was summoned to the Senior Superintendent's office and allegedly detained illegally for six days during which he suffered severe genital mutilation and other injuries, as confirmed by medical reports. His wife complained to the police seeking registration of an FIR against the officia…

The case concerned allegations that the Superintendent of a women’s protection home in Patna administered intoxicating substances to inmates and facilitated their sexual exploitation. The accused, respondent No.2, was granted bail by the Patna High Court despite the victim not being notified, contrary to Section 15A(3)…

The State filed a criminal appeal against the discharge of K.N. Nehru, a former minister, and his wife under the Prevention of Corruption Act, 1988. The FIR alleged that they had amassed assets disproportionate to their known income, with the investigation also focusing on the income and assets of their son, Arun. Whil…

The appeal concerned the interpretation of Section 2(d) of the Protection of Children from Sexual Offences (POCSO) Act, 2012, where the appellant, a mentally retarded adult, argued that "age" should include mental age so that she could be treated as a child. The Court examined the POCSO Act's objects and reasons, its d…

The appellants, directors of Mukka Welfare Society, were summoned in a criminal complaint alleging breach of trust and cheating in respect of a 1996 sale of society land. The complainant, not a member of the society, filed the complaint more than a decade after the deeds were executed, despite an earlier police investi…

The appellant, a Sub‑Inspector, married a woman (the second wife) by concealing that he was already married, collected money from her family and threatened them. The second wife filed a complaint alleging offences under Sections 494, 495, 417, 420 and 498A IPC. The High Court quashed the complaint under Section 498A, h…

Mohd. Ayub Dar was convicted by a designated TADA court for conspiracy under Section 3(3) of the Terrorist and Disruptive Activities (Prevention) Act, 1987 and for murder under Section 302 of the Ranbir Penal Code, Samvat 1989. The conviction rested primarily on a confession recorded under Section 15 of the TADA Act, w…

The appellants, members of the managing committee of Shastri Memorial School, obtained a civil decree for possession of a plot of land and later sold a portion of it, after which a First Information Report (FIR) was lodged alleging cheating and offences under Sections 420, 465, 467, 468, 471 and 120B of the IPC. The ap…

Kishan Lal filed a complaint alleging that nine (later ten) accused cheated him of Rs 4.65 crore. An FIR was lodged against all accused, but the charge‑sheet was filed only against Accused 1 and 2, and the Metropolitan Magistrate took cognizance of them. The complainant sought, under Section 173(8) of the CrPC, a direc…

The respondent, a Sub‑Registrar, was convicted by a Special Judge under the Prevention of Corruption Act, 1988 and Section 120‑B IPC and sentenced to rigorous imprisonment. While his appeal was pending, he filed an application under Section 389(1) read with Section 482 of the CrPC seeking suspension of the conviction, …

The father (respondent No.2) lodged an FIR under Section 366 IPC alleging that Nitin Agnihotri (respondent No.1) abducted his daughter. The High Court quashed the FIR and, despite finding no police lapse, imposed a cost of Rs.50,000 on the State and the complainant. The State appealed, contending that cost should not b…

The case involved the murder of Mayurani, a Sri Lankan student, and the conviction of Balaprasanna under Section 302 IPC based primarily on circumstantial evidence and confessional statements that led to the recovery of various items. The prosecution relied on statements made by the accused while in custody, invoking S…

During a marriage ceremony that turned violent, three members of the bridegroom party (Baratis) shot and killed two men and injured others. They were convicted under Section 302 read with Section 34 of the IPC and sentenced to life imprisonment. On appeal, the Supreme Court examined whether the offence could be reduced…

The Supreme Court examined a batch of appeals concerning searches under the Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Act, 1985. It held that an empowered officer must inform a suspect of his right to be searched before a Gazetted Officer or Magistrate, and that this duty is imperative, not merely directory. Failure t…

The Karnataka State Government deputed police officers to the Lokayukta and created the post of Director General of Police, Lokayukta by administrative order without amending the recruitment rules. Petitioners, who were under investigation, challenged the validity of investigations conducted by these deputed officers u…

The State of Punjab appealed the High Court's acquittal of Kewal Krishan, who had been convicted for murder under Section 302 IPC. The prosecution relied on circumstantial evidence: the deceased was last seen with the accused on 10‑12‑1998, the body was discovered on 12‑12‑1998, an alleged extra‑judicial confession to …

Balbir Singh and Paljit Kaur were charged under Sections 3, 4, 5 and 6 of the Terrorist and Disruptive Activities (Prevention) Act, 1987 (TADA) and Sections 25 and 26 of the Arms Act, 1959 for offences alleged to have occurred on 5 December 1992. The Designated TADA Court, on 19 April 1997, held the proceedings non est…

Kuldip Singh was injured when police fired on him during a terrorist chase on 7 July 1991, resulting in the loss of his right forearm. He received a special ex-gratia grant of Rs 20,000 and Rs 3,378 for medical expenses under a 1991 government notification that fixed a ceiling for such relief. Ten years later he filed …

The deceased's father and brother died after touching a live electric wire that the accused, Chittarmal, had allegedly fixed near a field. The prosecution alleged that the wire was placed with the intention to kill the father, leading to a conviction under Section 302 IPC by the trial court. The accused claimed the wir…

The brothers Bachha Lal and others sued a Sales Tax Officer of the State of Madhya Pradesh alleging that he abused his powers to conduct illegal searches, revoked their sales‑tax registration and lodged a false criminal complaint under Section 353 IPC, leading to a malicious prosecution claim. The trial court held the …

The Chief Judicial Magistrate ordered the Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI) to investigate a theft of cash (Muddamal) and later rejected the CBI's request to recall that order. The CBI challenged both orders before the Gujarat High Court, which held the petition non‑maintainable, directing that the CBI should have …

The appellant was accused of murdering his nephew after the two were last seen together at a river and later at a cashew field. The prosecution relied on the "last seen together" theory, a recovered stone alleged to be the weapon, and a motive based on alleged marital suspicions, but no direct evidence linked the appel…

The case concerns a pre‑planned terrorist attack on the police guarding the American Centre in Calcutta on 22 January 2002, which resulted in five police deaths and multiple injuries. The accused, including Md. Jamiludin Nasir and Aftab Ahmed Ansari, were convicted under the waging‑war provisions of the IPC and various…

The case concerned the alleged murder of Kusum Rani, who was burnt alive by her parents‑in‑law. The prosecution relied primarily on the victim’s dying declaration recorded by an executive magistrate and a thumb impression on the FIR, along with medical evidence of 100 % burns. The High Court acquitted the accused, hold…

The State of Rajasthan convicted Darshan Singh for murder under Section 302 IPC based on the testimony of Geeta, a deaf‑and‑dumb eyewitness, whose statement was recorded in sign language through her father who acted as interpreter. The High Court set aside the conviction, holding that the witness and the interpreter we…

The appellant was convicted under the POCSO Act and sentenced by the Special Court to seven years of rigorous imprisonment. On appeal, the High Court and the Special Court altered the sentence to life imprisonment with a fine, leading the appellant to serve eleven years and eight months, exceeding the original term. Th…

The appellant was convicted under the POCSO Act and IPC for penetrative sexual assault on a four‑year‑old girl and sentenced to seven years' rigorous imprisonment. In his appeal against conviction, the High Court affirmed the conviction but, finding that the trial court had overlooked aggravated provisions, issued a sh…

The appellant, Sanjay Colaro, was convicted under Sections 279 and 304A of the IPC for causing a fatal road accident by rash driving. He was sentenced to six months' simple imprisonment and a fine, which he appealed through the criminal appellate hierarchy up to the Supreme Court. The appellant argued that, given the l…

The petitioners, Anoop Bartaria and World Trade Park Ltd., challenged an Enforcement Case Information Report (ECIR) and a prosecution complaint filed under the Prevention of Money Laundering Act, 2002 (PMLA), arguing that they lacked knowledge that the funds they received were proceeds of crime and that such knowledge …

The appellants were convicted for kidnapping, ransom, and murder of an 18‑year‑old victim, and were sentenced by the trial court to life imprisonment without remission for 30 years, a sentence affirmed by the Delhi High Court. The Supreme Court examined whether a trial court can impose a "special" or fixed‑term sentenc…

The appellants, Dakkata Balaram Reddy and Chinapana Gopi, were convicted for the murder of Vetcha Kesava Rao's son and wife and for robbery of gold ornaments and cash, based largely on circumstantial evidence and the recovery of stolen property from their possession. The prosecution presented testimony of three indepen…

The case arose from a night-time religious procession at a temple where nine accused allegedly attacked the deceased Rajesh and the complainant Vinod (PW2), leading to Rajesh's death. One of the accused, A-2, was found dead hanging from a tree the next day, and the remaining eight were charged under IPC sections 143, 1…

The appellants were convicted for murder under Section 302 read with Section 149 of the IPC for attacking the complainant's family with weapons, injuring them and preventing medical treatment, which led to the death of the complainant's brother. The FIR listed only five names but expressly mentioned that seven other pe…

The appellant, Santosh Pawar, was convicted of murdering his wife by pouring kerosene on her and setting her ablaze after suspecting infidelity. The prosecution relied on the victim's dying declaration, corroborating testimony of relatives and neighbours, and a post‑mortem report showing death from 60% burns. The appel…

The appellant was intercepted while driving a vehicle and, after refusing a search by a gazetted officer or magistrate, consented to a police search during which three bags containing 120 kg of poppy husk were seized. The prosecution’s case rested mainly on the testimony of official police witnesses, while two independ…

The Indian Bank Association and other banking entities filed a writ petition under Article 32 seeking uniform guidelines for the trial of cheque‑dishonour cases under Section 138 of the Negotiable Instruments Act, 1881, alleging that despite the 2002 amendment (Sections 143‑147) courts were not following a uniform summ…

The State of Karnataka charged eight persons with robbery and dacoity under Section 397 read with Section 120‑B IPC, alleging they conspired and used deadly weapons on a KSRTC bus. The trial court acquitted all accused, finding the prosecution failed to prove conspiracy and the identification of the accused was unrelia…

The appellant Fahim Khan and two others were accused of murdering Sagir Hasan Siddique. The trial court acquitted them, but the High Court set aside the acquittal, finding the trial court's judgment perverse and convicting the appellant. On appeal, the Supreme Court examined whether the High Court could interfere with …

The case arose from a politically motivated clash between two village factions in Chinthalajuturu, Andhra Pradesh, where a group of accused attacked a jeep, killing two persons (D‑1 and D‑2) and injuring several witnesses. The first information report (FIR) was challenged as a fabricated document and the fitness of ser…

The appellants challenged the constitutional validity of Sections 54A, 69(4)‑(9) and 98 inserted by amendment to the Rajasthan Excise Act, 1950, alleging that they usurped the jurisdiction of criminal courts, removed the remedy of judicial review and violated Articles 14, 19, 20, 21, 301 and 254 of the Constitution. Th…

Saibanna, already serving a life sentence for murdering his first wife, was released on parole and subsequently murdered his second wife Nagamma and their 16‑year‑old daughter Vijayalakshmi with a hunting knife while they slept. He was convicted under Section 302 IPC and sentenced to death by the Sessions Court, which …

Mukhtiar Ahmed Ansari was convicted under TADA (Sec. 5) and the Arms Act (Sec. 25(IB)) for allegedly possessing firearms and ammunition in a notified area after being arrested near Delhi's Bahai Temple in 1993. He had earlier been acquitted of the related kidnapping charge. On appeal, the Supreme Court examined whether…

The State of Uttar Pradesh did not renew the term of Johri Mal as District Government Counsel (Criminal) despite a vacancy notice. The respondent challenged the non‑renewal, and the Allahabad High Court ordered renewal, directing that a collegium headed by the District Judge recommend the appointment. The State appeale…

The appellants, Muniyandi and Jeevanantham, were convicted under Sections 8(c) and 20(b)(2) of the Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Act, 1985 for possession of hashish. The investigating officer, a police inspector, received information about drug sales, conducted a search, recovered the narcotic, prepared th…

The Government of Maharashtra appointed police prosecutors as Assistant Public Prosecutors under a notification issued on 1 April 1974 pursuant to Section 25 of the Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973, but retained them within the police department's administrative and disciplinary hierarchy. The appellants filed a petiti…

The case concerned the murder of Laxman Singh on 3 November 1977, for which Kalu, Meharaj Singh and others were charged under Section 302 IPC. The trial court acquitted all accused, finding the First Information Report (FIR) to be ante‑timed and the eyewitness testimony unreliable, especially in view of contradictory m…

Rajinder Singh was charged with murder under Section 302 IPC and illegal use of a pistol under Section 27 of the Arms Act for allegedly shooting Chamkaur Singh, who later died of injuries. The prosecution relied on two eye‑witnesses (Harbans Singh and Hakam Singh) and two dying declarations of the deceased, one recorde…

Vinod Kumar, a college student, was convicted for leading a pre‑planned triple murder in 1973 and sentenced to life imprisonment under IPC s.302 read with s.149. He appealed, the High Court affirmed the conviction, and later obtained special leave to raise a belated claim that he was a child (under 16) at the time of t…

The appellant Sudam Prabhakar Achat was convicted under Section 302 read with Section 34 IPC for the death of his cousin Motiram Deoram Achat, based on testimony of relatives who witnessed a quarrel in which the appellant, armed with a stick, and a co‑accused, armed with the blunt side of an axe, assaulted the deceased…

The petitioner, Sundar, was convicted of kidnapping and murdering a seven‑year‑old child and sentenced to death by the trial court, a decision affirmed by the High Court and the Supreme Court. He filed a review petition alleging errors in the evidence, especially the admissibility of call‑detail records (CDRs) without …

The appellant, an editor, published a news report disclosing the name of a 16‑year‑old girl who was a victim of sexual harassment, leading to a complaint under Section 23 of the Protection of Children from Sexual Offences Act (POCSO). The police investigated, filed a charge‑sheet and the Special Court took cognizance, …

The State of Uttar Pradesh charged Om Pal and two others with murder under Sections 302 and 34 IPC for the death of Mahipal on 25‑03‑1993. The trial court convicted them based primarily on the testimony of the complainant (PW‑1) and two eyewitnesses (PW‑2 and PW‑3). On appeal, the Allahabad High Court acquitted the acc…

Ram Kishan Fauji challenged the Haryana Lokayukta's recommendation to register an FIR and investigate alleged corruption. The Punjab & Haryana High Court, sitting as a Single Judge, quashed the recommendation and the FIR under a writ petition filed under Article 226. The State appealed the judgment via a Letters Patent…

The appellants, who cleared the Uttar Pradesh Post Graduate Medical Entrance Examination but were not allotted seats in the first round of counselling, filed a writ petition seeking a mandamus directing the State to conduct second, third and mop‑up rounds of counselling as prescribed in the information brochure. The Hi…

On March 12, 1993, a series of 12 bomb explosions occurred in Bombay, killing 257 people and injuring 713, with property damage worth Rs. 27 crores. The conspiracy was hatched by Tiger Memon and Dawood Ibrahim, with Yakub Abdul Razak Memon (A-1) playing a key role. The Designated Court convicted 100 accused, sentencing…

The Supreme Court examined a series of appeals arising from the Designated Court's judgments in the 1993 Bombay bomb blast case under the Terrorist and Disruptive Activities (Prevention) Act, 1987 (TADA). The Court held that confessional statements recorded under Section 15 of TADA are substantive evidence admissible a…

The petition concerned a kidnapping for ransom where the victim was abducted in Lucknow (U.P.), ransom demands were made in Haldwani (Uttarakhand) and the bodies were recovered in Unnao (U.P.). The FIR was lodged and investigation commenced at Haldwani. The question before the Supreme Court was which court had territor…

The appellant, Tahir, was arrested during a communal riot in Delhi while brandishing a country‑made pistol. The pistol was seized, and because the arrest occurred in an area notified under the Terrorist and Disruptive Activities (Prevention) Act, 1987 (TADA), he was charged under section 5 of TADA and convicted by the …

The case involved three Yadav appellants convicted for rioting, arson and murder during communal violence in Bihar in 1985. The appellants challenged the High Court’s transfer of the trial from the 10th to the 5th Sessions Court, arguing that the transfer was beyond its jurisdiction and amounted to a de novo trial viol…

The heirs of an employee who died while in service were prosecuted by the employer under Section 630 of the Companies Act, 1956 for refusing to vacate premises allotted to the deceased. The heirs filed petitions under Section 482 of the Cr.P.C. seeking to quash the proceedings, arguing that the provision did not apply …

The appellants, a Tehsildar and a Village Assistant, were convicted under the Prevention of Corruption Act and IPC for demanding a bribe in a land‑patta case. The main issue was whether the testimony of the bribe‑giver, who was an accomplice, required corroboration before a conviction could be sustained. The Supreme Co…

The Department of Revenue Intelligence (DRI) intercepted a truck carrying a large quantity of hashish and, during the investigation, obtained confessional statements from Raj Kumar Karwal and Kirpal Mohan Virmani. The appellants argued that these statements should be excluded under Section 25 of the Evidence Act becaus…

The appellant, M. Vijayakumar, was convicted under IPC sections 306, 342 and 365 for allegedly kidnapping and wrongfully confining the deceased, leading to the latter's suicide. The prosecution argued that the appellant’s abduction and confinement forced the victim to commit suicide, thereby satisfying the elements of …

The petitioners, Ram Nath and others, challenged prosecutions under Sections 272 and 273 of the Indian Penal Code (IPC) for alleged adulteration and sale of noxious food, arguing that the Food Safety and Standards Act, 2006 (FSSA) had an overriding effect. The State of Uttar Pradesh contended that simultaneous prosecut…

The petitioners Yogesh Upadhyay and Shakti Buildcon faced six complaint cases under Sections 138 and 142 of the Negotiable Instruments Act, filed by Atlanta Limited for dishonoured cheques relating to a single purchase transaction. Two of the cases were instituted in Nagpur because the cheques were presented through a …

The deceased Rukseena died by suicide after alleged dowry harassment, leading her brother to file an FIR against her husband, his mother, and the husband’s father‑in‑law, sister‑in‑law and brother‑in‑law. The investigating agency found no incriminating material against the three relatives and only charged the husband a…

The petitioners, members of the Lohar community in Bihar, challenged a 2016 Bihar Government notification that authorised the issuance of Scheduled Tribe certificates to the Lohar (also referred to as Lohara) community, alleging it was illegal and violated their fundamental rights. They sought quashing of the notificat…

The appellant was convicted of raping and murdering a five‑year‑old girl, with DNA evidence and an extra‑judicial confession establishing his guilt. The trial court sentenced him to death for murder and life imprisonment for rape, a sentence confirmed by the High Court. The Supreme Court examined whether the death pena…

Transparency International India and Centre for Media Studies filed a writ petition under Article 32 challenging contempt proceedings initiated by a Judicial Magistrate, Class I, Kangan, Jammu & Kashmir, against them for a study that alleged 92% of the lower judiciary in the State was corrupt. The magistrate issued a s…

The State of Andhra Pradesh (appellant) challenged a civil suit filed by Mis. Star Bone Mill & Fertiliser Co. (respondent) seeking declaration of title over a 3.525‑acre land. The respondent relied on a registered sale deed dated 11‑Nov‑1959 executed by M/s A. Allauddin & Sons, who were merely lessees of the State sinc…

The Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI) investigated K.M. Sharan, former Vice‑Chairman of the Delhi Development Authority, and his son for alleged illegal gratification from DLF and for possessing cash of Rs.36 lakh recovered from the son’s residence. The CBI filed a charge‑sheet under IPC sections 120B (criminal con…

The appellant, Managing Director of M/s Hewlett Packard Global Soft Ltd., was the subject of a complaint under section 200 CrPC for alleged violation of the Karnataka Shops & Commercial Establishments Act, 1961. He sought quashal of the complaint and the FIR under section 482 of the Code of Criminal Procedure, but the …

The appellants were acquitted by a trial court of kidnapping a minor girl. The Jharkhand High Court set aside that acquittal and remitted the case to the trial court for a fresh hearing, but did so without recording any reasons or analysing the evidence. The appellants challenged this order before the Supreme Court, ar…

Vinod G. Asrani and three others filed writ petitions challenging their prosecution under the Maharashtra Control of Organized Crime Act, 1999 (MCOCA), arguing that no approval under s.23(1)(a) was obtained for investigating Asrani and that the subsequent sanction under s.23(2) was therefore invalid. The High Court exa…

In a property dispute, the appellant obtained a stay order protecting his possession, but respondents broke the lock and removed articles from the premises. The appellant lodged a complaint on 9 and 13 September 1997 alleging a cognizable offence against a police officer, but the police refused to register an FIR under…

The appellant, A.D. Das, was charged under Sections 406, 467, 468, 471 and 420 IPC and applied to the Calcutta High Court for anticipatory bail under Section 438 of the CrPC, claiming a conspiracy against him. The High Court rejected the application, and the appellant appealed to the Supreme Court. The Court held that …

The Enforcement Directorate detained Subhash Sharma under a Look Out Circular at IGI Airport on 4 March 2022 and later took him into physical custody on 5 March 2022, but failed to produce him before the nearest magistrate within the statutory 24‑hour period. The High Court held that this breach of Article 22(2) of the…

The State of Jharkhand filed an FIR alleging that Dr. Nishkant Dubey and others forcibly entered the Air Traffic Control (ATC) room at Deoghar Airport, exerted pressure on officials, and caused an unsafe take‑off, invoking Sections 336, 447 and 448 of the IPC and Sections 10 and 11A of the Aircraft Act. The High Court …

The appellant, Smt. Laxmi Das, mother of Babu Das, was charged under Section 306 read with Section 34 of the IPC for abetment of suicide of Souma Pal. The High Court upheld the charge against her, finding prima facie material that she had allegedly told the deceased she need not be alive. On appeal, the Supreme Court e…

Mushtt Rehana Begum (appellant) sought to quash a criminal complaint filed by her husband (second respondent) under Sections 494 and 495 of the IPC, alleging that she married him while a prior marriage subsisted. The dispute over her matrimonial status had already been adjudicated by the Principal Judge of the Family C…

Actress Ragini Dwivedi was arrested after a police search of her residence, which yielded only electronic devices and cigarettes, no narcotics. The prosecution relied on a statement by B.K. Ravishankar and alleged that she consumed drugs at parties, invoking Section 37 of the NDPS Act to deny bail, citing a total seizu…

The Supreme Court considered a Special Leave Petition filed by Rekha Sengar seeking bail under Section 439 of the CrPC after being charged in a non‑bailable offence under the PC&PNDT Act for alleged prenatal sex determination and sex‑selective abortion. A sting operation led to the seizure of an unregistered ultrasound…

Paul was married to Jessy and was accused of cruelty and of causing her death. The trial court initially acquitted him, but the Kerala High Court set aside the acquittal, remanded the case for further examination under Section 313 Cr.PC, and the trial court subsequently convicted him under Section 302 IPC, sentencing h…

The appellant, Dr Nallapareddy Sridhar Reddy, was originally charged under Section 498A IPC and the Dowry Prohibition Act. After the trial had proceeded, the public prosecutor filed an application under Section 216 of the CrPC to add charges of cheating (IPC ss. 406 and 420) based on an additional charge‑sheet filed in…

Ramesan was convicted under Sections 55(a) and 55(g) of the Kerala Abkari Act and sentenced to two years' imprisonment and a fine of Rs.1 lakh for each charge. He appealed the conviction, but died while the appeal was pending. The Kerala High Court held that the imprisonment portion of the sentence became unworkable du…

The case involved two violent incidents on 15 October 1998 in Kodebod, where a large group of armed men assaulted Dhanwaram, causing grievous injuries, and later beat Govind Singh to death. The trial court convicted ten of the eighteen accused under Sections 147, 148, 302/149 IPC, while acquitting eight, and the High C…

Vinod Kumar, an octroi inspector, was convicted under Sections 7 and 13(2) of the Prevention of Corruption Act, 1988 for demanding and accepting a bribe of Rs.500. The prosecution relied on the recovery of the tainted notes, the testimony of an independent clerk (PW‑6), a shadow witness (PW‑7) who was later declared ho…

The Supreme Court entertained a batch of writ petitions filed under Article 32 by death‑row convicts and their families alleging that the executive had unreasonably delayed the disposal of their mercy petitions under Articles 72 and 161, and that other supervening circumstances such as mental illness, solitary confinem…

Five candidates who were serving as Assistant District Attorneys, Public Prosecutors or Deputy Advocate General were selected for the post of Additional District and Sessions Judge in Haryana through direct recruitment. The Punjab and Haryana High Court quashed their appointments, holding that they did not satisfy the …

The case concerns the 1999 arson and murder of Australian missionary Graham Staines and his two sons by a mob in Orissa. The trial court convicted fourteen accused, sentencing Dara Singh (A‑1) to death and the others to life imprisonment; the High Court modified Dara Singh's sentence to life imprisonment and acquitted …

Eight persons were tried for the murder of Hari Dutt Singh. The trial court convicted all under Section 302 read with Section 149 IPC and sentenced them to life imprisonment. On appeal, the High Court converted the convictions of Satvir (appellant), Ram Saran and Harbir to Section 302 read with Section 34 IPC and acqui…

The appellant, Jagdish Bagri, was convicted under Section 138 of the Negotiable Instruments Act for issuing a Rs.1 lakh cheque as security for a Rs.2,30,000 instalment payment that he failed to make. The conviction was affirmed by the Additional Sessions Judge and the Calcutta High Court dismissed his revision petition…

The appellant, Paul George, was convicted under Sections 279 and 304A of the IPC and sentenced to fine and imprisonment. He appealed, and the High Court dismissed his criminal revision under Section 397 of the CrPC by a non‑speaking order stating merely that no illegality, impropriety or jurisdictional error was found.…

The case arose from a land dispute in which the appellants, armed with deadly weapons, allegedly attacked the complainant party, resulting in the death of Virender Singh and injuries to several witnesses. The trial court convicted the appellants under Sections 302/34, 341/34 and 307/34 of the IPC and the High Court aff…

N.M. Parthasarathy, a former Inspector of Industries, and another Inspector were charged with criminal conspiracy to obtain a Small Scale Industries Registration Certificate, Essentiality Certificate and import licences by making false representations. The trial court acquitted them, but the Madras High Court, after re…

Krishna alias Raju, a bus driver, was convicted of rash and negligent driving under IPC sections 279, 337, 304-A and Motor Vehicles Act sections 89(a) and 89(b) after his bus struck a bullock cart, causing one death and one injury. The magistrate imposed only nominal fines totaling Rs.345. The State appealed under Sect…

The Supreme Court examined a writ petition filed by directors of Maharashtra Antibiotics & Pharmaceuticals Ltd. seeking relief against the Bombay High Court's order directing the State to arrest them and to compel the investigating agency to file a charge‑sheet. The Court held that arrest is a discretionary power of th…

The appellant, Randhjr Singh Rana, challenged a order by a Judicial Magistrate who, after taking cognizance of the offence and after the accused had appeared, directed further police investigation. The High Court refused relief and the matter reached the Supreme Court. The Court examined whether a magistrate, post‑cogn…

The appellants were convicted of murder for a shooting that occurred on an open terrace on a moonless night, where the victims and neighbours identified them as the assailants. The defence argued that darkness made identification impossible and that there was no discernible motive. The Supreme Court held that despite l…

The appellant, Mohd. Mumtaz, challenged the order allowing the withdrawal of prosecution against respondent Nandini Satpathy under Section 321 of the Criminal Procedure Code. Satpathy had been charged under the Prevention of Corruption Act for possessing assets disproportionate to her known income. The Special Public P…

The case concerned an alleged misappropriation of funds collected for party souvenirs by the former Chief Minister of Orissa, Nandini Satpathy. After a vigilance case was filed and charges under the IPC were framed, the state government decided to withdraw politically motivated prosecutions. The Special Public Prosecut…

The Supreme Court examined the validity of a consent order under Section 321 of the Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973, which allowed the withdrawal of prosecution against Dr. Jagannath Misra and others. The Court considered whether the public prosecutor acted independently, whether the magistrate properly exercised its …

Four persons were tried before a Sessions Judge for murder and related offences; Mohinder Singh was convicted under Section 304 IPC and sentenced to seven years' rigorous imprisonment, while the other three were acquitted. The State appealed the acquittals and also appealed Mohinder Singh's acquittal under Section 302 …

The case arose from allegations that a piece of evidence (an underwear) seized in a 1990 NDPS case was tampered with after being released from judicial custody, leading to the conviction of an Australian national being set aside and a subsequent FIR being lodged against court staff and a junior lawyer for conspiracy an…

The appellant was charged under Sections 376(2)(n) and 506 of the IPC for an alleged forceful sexual relationship and intimidation, based on an FIR filed in 2019. The complainant claimed the appellant had threatened her and refused to marry her after a consensual relationship that began in 2017. The High Court rejected…

The appellant, a Vice President of Purchases at Shakti Bhog Foods Ltd., was arrested under the fourth supplementary complaint filed under Sections 44 and 45 of the Prevention of Money Laundering Act, 2002 (PMLA) for alleged money‑laundering offences linked to a bank fraud investigated under the Prevention of Corruption…

The Supreme Court examined applications for anticipatory bail filed by the husband and his family in a matrimonial cruelty case where the FIR was lodged in Rajasthan but the bail applications were made in Karnataka. The Court considered whether a High Court or Court of Session can grant anticipatory bail for an FIR out…

Two offences under the NDPS Act were investigated – one for contraband recovered from a car in Hyderabad and another for contraband seized from a factory in Maharashtra. A combined complaint covering both offences was filed in the Special Court at Omerga on 6 July 2018, well within the 180‑day period prescribed for fil…

The appellant, a widow, sought to have her private counsel assist the prosecution in a murder trial by making oral arguments, examining and cross‑examining witnesses, invoking Section 301 read with the proviso to Section 24(8) of the CrPC. The trial court and the Calcutta High Court rejected the application, holding th…

The State of Rajasthan prosecuted Ramesh for the death of his daughter Sheela, alleging that he slapped her, took her inside the house and caused her death by strangulation and throttling. The defence claimed the death was a suicide by hanging. The trial court convicted Ramesh under Sections 302 and 201 IPC, but the Hi…

The appellant, a wife, filed an application under Section 12 of the Protection of Women from Domestic Violence Act, 2005 seeking seizure of her stridhan held by her husband after they were judicially separated. The trial court, Sessions Court and High Court dismissed the application on the grounds that she was no longe…

The Supreme Court examined an appeal by Tamil Nadu Mercantile Bank Ltd. against the Madras High Court's order quashing criminal proceedings under Section 482 of the CrPC against five non‑bank accused in a fraud case involving Rs 2.51 crore. The FIR and charge‑sheet alleged that the accused, in collusion with bank offic…

Six persons, including appellants Sandeep and Narender, were convicted of murder, attempt to murder, rioting and other offences for the killings of Ranbir, Simla, Seema and a child, Rahul. The trial court sentenced the appellants to death and the others to life imprisonment; the High Court affirmed the death sentences.…

The husband allegedly poured kerosene on his wife Kamalam, causing severe burns; she was taken to hospital where she gave a dying declaration implicating him. The trial court convicted the husband under Section 302 IPC based on the dying declaration, medical officer's report, and oral testimonies of relatives. The Madr…

Sanghamitra Ghosh filed a transfer petition seeking to move a matrimonial suit for restitution of conjugal rights to Bangalore, alleging physical and mental torture by her husband Kajal Kumar Ghosh and his parents, and claiming she was driven out of the marital home with their minor child. Both parties later entered in…

The Central Bureau of Investigation filed a charge‑sheet against former Karnataka Chief Minister S. Bangarappa under the Prevention of Corruption Act, 1988, alleging that he had amassed assets disproportionate to his known sources of income. The trial court framed a charge under Section 13(2) read with Section 13(1)(e)…

The case concerned a violent assault on 23 May 1985 in which six accused, armed with a double‑barrel gun, gandhalis, kirpans and gandasas, attacked two men (Harbhajan Singh and Baldev Singh) and injured a third witness (Suba Singh). The trial court convicted four of the accused and acquitted two; the Punjab and Haryana…

Six accused were convicted under IPC sections 147, 148, 307 and 302 for a homicide. The Madras High Court set aside the convictions, acquitting them on the ground that the appellant's statement recorded under Section 164 of the CrPC (initially a dying declaration) materially contradicted the FIR report. The Supreme Cou…

Gajanan and his co-accused were tried for murder under IPC sections 302 and 34 for the death of Suryabhan on 10 September 1984. The trial court acquitted them, finding that the alleged eye‑witnesses had not actually seen the assault, their testimony conflicted with the medical report, and the purported extra‑judicial c…

The Supreme Court examined an appeal against the grant of regular bail to the accused (Respondent No.1) in a murder case involving sections 109, 120B, 201, 302, 450 and 454 IPC. After the bail was granted, key witnesses – the mother, sister and father of the deceased – turned hostile within twenty days, raising concern…

The respondent, convicted of multiple serious offences including rape and assault, applied for furlough under the Bombay Furlough and Parole Rules. The Director General of Police (DGP) rejected the application, citing the respondent's criminal conduct, threats to witnesses, illegal activities in jail, and the risk to p…

An FIR was lodged on 14 July 2016 alleging that the accused had links with ISIS and were planning bombings under the UAPA. The Anti‑Terrorism Squad (ATS) of Nanded began investigation, arrested four persons and, on 8 September 2016, the Central Government directed the National Investigation Agency (NIA) Mumbai to take …

The appellant Jaswant Singh was named in an FIR for alleged cheating and breach of trust under Sections 406 and 420 IPC, arising from a dispute over a promised job placement in Italy. The complainant later settled the matter with the main accused Gurmeet Singh, and the offence against him was compounded, but the procee…

Mohan Singh was murdered on 26 June 1982; his head was severed and the crime was witnessed by his daughter (a child) and his father. The trial court convicted six accused under Sections 302 and 149 of the IPC, but the Allahabad High Court later acquitted them, citing alleged delays in FIR dispatch, defects in the inque…

The case arose from the murder of Balbir Singh on 21‑12‑1993, alleged to have been committed by Sheeshpal and his associates in a pre‑planned conspiracy. The trial court convicted the accused under Sections 302, 149 and 120B IPC, sentencing them to life imprisonment. On appeal, the High Court acquitted all accused, hol…

The Supreme Court examined the convictions of three accused (A1‑Pratham, A2‑Pancho and A3‑Gajraj) for murder and robbery of a tractor owner. The prosecution’s case hinged on an extra‑judicial confession made by A1, five months after the incident, to a villager with no close relationship, and on the belated recovery of …

Sansar Chand, a long‑time organiser of illegal wildlife trade, was convicted under the Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972 for receiving leopard skins. The prosecution’s case rested on an extra‑judicial confession by a co‑accused, Balwan, which was corroborated by oral and documentary evidence, including recovered hunting …

Iridium India Telecom Ltd. filed a criminal complaint alleging cheating by Motorola Inc. (respondent No.1) for misleading investors about the Iridium satellite system. The Bombay High Court, invoking Article 227 and Section 482 of the CrPC, quashed the magistrate's process, holding that a corporation cannot possess the…

The appellants Asraf SK and another were convicted by the trial court and the Calcutta High Court for murder of the father of two witnesses under IPC s.302 read with s.34, based primarily on the testimony of the victims' daughters (PW‑1 and PW‑2) and other circumstantial evidence. The Supreme Court examined whether the…

The deceased John Peter was attacked on a footpath by a group of seven accused. The trial court convicted all of them for offences including murder under s.302 read with s.149 IPC. The High Court acquitted accused Nos.2‑6 and modified the conviction of accused Nos.1 and 7 to s.302 read with s.34 IPC, also acquitting th…

The Prohibition and Excise officers filed FIRs alleging that the accused were transporting or storing black jaggery/molasses for the purpose of manufacturing illicit distilled liquor, offences punishable under the Andhra Pradesh Excise Act, 1968 and the Andhra Pradesh Prohibition Act, 1995. The accused moved the High C…

The appellant, S. Ramakrishna, was convicted of raping a 14‑year‑old girl and threatening her life under Sections 376 and 342 of the Indian Penal Code. The trial court and the Andhra Pradesh High Court upheld the conviction, relying on the victim’s testimony and medical evidence showing semen and protozoa. The appellan…