Indian Penal Code, 1860

The case involved the murder of Mayurani, a Sri Lankan student, and the conviction of Balaprasanna under Section 302 IPC based primarily on circumstantial evidence and confessional statements that led to the recovery of various items. The prosecution relied on statements made by the accused while in custody, invoking S…

During a marriage ceremony that turned violent, three members of the bridegroom party (Baratis) shot and killed two men and injured others. They were convicted under Section 302 read with Section 34 of the IPC and sentenced to life imprisonment. On appeal, the Supreme Court examined whether the offence could be reduced…

The appellant Chittar Lal was convicted of murder under Section 302 IPC for killing Lattor Lal. The sole surviving eyewitness, PW3, was not named in the FIR, and two other eyewitnesses turned hostile during trial. The appellant argued that conviction could not rest on a single witness whose name was omitted from the FI…

Lakshmanaiah was charged with murdering his wife Nagarathnamma and with theft of his mother‑in‑law's property. The prosecution relied on circumstantial evidence showing a motive of money, prior maltreatment of the wife, and that the accused sent the mother‑in‑law, her daughter and a relative out of the house, leaving h…

The petitioner Jharia was convicted under IPC s.302 read with s.34 and sentenced to life imprisonment, a conviction upheld by the Rajasthan High Court while his co‑accused were acquitted. He applied for special leave to appeal to the Supreme Court under Article 136, but the petition was dismissed, as was a subsequent r…

The State of Punjab appealed the High Court's acquittal of Kewal Krishan, who had been convicted for murder under Section 302 IPC. The prosecution relied on circumstantial evidence: the deceased was last seen with the accused on 10‑12‑1998, the body was discovered on 12‑12‑1998, an alleged extra‑judicial confession to …

Manubhai Atabhai and his brothers attacked the complainant's son, Danabhai, during a dispute over a wall. Manubhai stabbed Danabhai in the stomach with a six‑inch knife, causing a deep wound that penetrated the liver, a vital organ, and the victim died instantly. The trial court convicted Manubhai under IPC s.304 Part …

The State of Uttar Pradesh appealed against a Allahabad High Court order that granted bail to Surendra Kumar Solanki, an accused under IPC sections 363 and 366 and the SC/ST Act, 1989. While granting bail, the High Court issued sweeping criticisms of the State Government and police, alleging improper investigation desp…

The appellant Sukhdev was charged with murder of his brother‑in‑law Kishan Singh and with causing injuries to two other persons under Sections 302, 324 and 326 of the IPC. The incident arose from a quarrel after Sukhdev alleged that the deceased had set fire to a heap of chaff; he retrieved a knife and inflicted fatal …

The deceased Rubina, a married woman, died from severe burn injuries allegedly caused by her husband, sister‑in‑law and mother‑in‑law who were charged under IPC s.302 read with s.34 and s.498‑A. The trial court and the Bombay High Court convicted the accused primarily on two dying declarations recorded within a short i…

A ten‑year‑old boy was fatally run over by a bus driven at high speed by the appellant. The trial court convicted the driver under Section 304 Part II of the IPC for culpable homicide not amounting to murder, imposing five years' rigorous imprisonment, a decision affirmed by the Kerala High Court. On appeal, the Suprem…

The deceased's father and brother died after touching a live electric wire that the accused, Chittarmal, had allegedly fixed near a field. The prosecution alleged that the wire was placed with the intention to kill the father, leading to a conviction under Section 302 IPC by the trial court. The accused claimed the wir…

Krishna, Kaira and Sumera borrowed money from Chunua Chamar and later denied the debt. When the deceased went to lodge a police complaint, the accused assaulted him with lathis, causing his death. The trial court convicted them of murder, attempt to murder and assault under Sections 302, 307 and 323 IPC, and the High C…

The brothers Bachha Lal and others sued a Sales Tax Officer of the State of Madhya Pradesh alleging that he abused his powers to conduct illegal searches, revoked their sales‑tax registration and lodged a false criminal complaint under Section 353 IPC, leading to a malicious prosecution claim. The trial court held the …

Kulwant Singh and Awadh Singh were convicted under Section 302 read with Section 109 of the IPC for abetting the murder of Manji Singh by Uma Shankar, who shot the victim after being urged to do so. The appellants challenged the conviction on two grounds: that the eye‑witnesses were relatives of the deceased and theref…

The appellant was accused of murdering his nephew after the two were last seen together at a river and later at a cashew field. The prosecution relied on the "last seen together" theory, a recovered stone alleged to be the weapon, and a motive based on alleged marital suspicions, but no direct evidence linked the appel…

The case concerns a pre‑planned terrorist attack on the police guarding the American Centre in Calcutta on 22 January 2002, which resulted in five police deaths and multiple injuries. The accused, including Md. Jamiludin Nasir and Aftab Ahmed Ansari, were convicted under the waging‑war provisions of the IPC and various…

The case concerned the alleged murder of Kusum Rani, who was burnt alive by her parents‑in‑law. The prosecution relied primarily on the victim’s dying declaration recorded by an executive magistrate and a thumb impression on the FIR, along with medical evidence of 100 % burns. The High Court acquitted the accused, hold…

The State of Rajasthan convicted Darshan Singh for murder under Section 302 IPC based on the testimony of Geeta, a deaf‑and‑dumb eyewitness, whose statement was recorded in sign language through her father who acted as interpreter. The High Court set aside the conviction, holding that the witness and the interpreter we…

The appellant, Ramesh Harijan, was charged with raping and murdering a 5‑6‑year‑old girl. The prosecution relied on the mother’s FIR, eyewitnesses who claimed to have seen the accused committing the crime, and forensic evidence of blood and semen on a recovered sheet. The trial court acquitted, citing lack of proof tha…

The appellant was convicted under the POCSO Act and sentenced by the Special Court to seven years of rigorous imprisonment. On appeal, the High Court and the Special Court altered the sentence to life imprisonment with a fine, leading the appellant to serve eleven years and eight months, exceeding the original term. Th…

The appellant was convicted under the POCSO Act and IPC for penetrative sexual assault on a four‑year‑old girl and sentenced to seven years' rigorous imprisonment. In his appeal against conviction, the High Court affirmed the conviction but, finding that the trial court had overlooked aggravated provisions, issued a sh…

The appellant, Sanjay Colaro, was convicted under Sections 279 and 304A of the IPC for causing a fatal road accident by rash driving. He was sentenced to six months' simple imprisonment and a fine, which he appealed through the criminal appellate hierarchy up to the Supreme Court. The appellant argued that, given the l…

The petitioners, Anoop Bartaria and World Trade Park Ltd., challenged an Enforcement Case Information Report (ECIR) and a prosecution complaint filed under the Prevention of Money Laundering Act, 2002 (PMLA), arguing that they lacked knowledge that the funds they received were proceeds of crime and that such knowledge …

The appellants were convicted for kidnapping, ransom, and murder of an 18‑year‑old victim, and were sentenced by the trial court to life imprisonment without remission for 30 years, a sentence affirmed by the Delhi High Court. The Supreme Court examined whether a trial court can impose a "special" or fixed‑term sentenc…

The appellants, Dakkata Balaram Reddy and Chinapana Gopi, were convicted for the murder of Vetcha Kesava Rao's son and wife and for robbery of gold ornaments and cash, based largely on circumstantial evidence and the recovery of stolen property from their possession. The prosecution presented testimony of three indepen…

The deceased Sushila, married to Devender Singh, went missing six months after her marriage and her body was later recovered from a river. The prosecution alleged that she was subjected to dowry harassment, including a demand for Rs.2 lakh or a house, and that she died from injuries before falling into the river, const…

The respondent, Rajendra D. Harmalkar, was appointed as a casual employee of Indian Oil Corporation Ltd. and later secured a regular position by submitting a forged Secondary School Leaving Certificate (SSLC). After a vigilance complaint and verification by the Karnataka Secondary Education Board revealed the certifica…

The case arose from a night-time religious procession at a temple where nine accused allegedly attacked the deceased Rajesh and the complainant Vinod (PW2), leading to Rajesh's death. One of the accused, A-2, was found dead hanging from a tree the next day, and the remaining eight were charged under IPC sections 143, 1…

The appellants were convicted for murder under Section 302 read with Section 149 of the IPC for attacking the complainant's family with weapons, injuring them and preventing medical treatment, which led to the death of the complainant's brother. The FIR listed only five names but expressly mentioned that seven other pe…

The appellant, Santosh Pawar, was convicted of murdering his wife by pouring kerosene on her and setting her ablaze after suspecting infidelity. The prosecution relied on the victim's dying declaration, corroborating testimony of relatives and neighbours, and a post‑mortem report showing death from 60% burns. The appel…

The State of Karnataka charged eight persons with robbery and dacoity under Section 397 read with Section 120‑B IPC, alleging they conspired and used deadly weapons on a KSRTC bus. The trial court acquitted all accused, finding the prosecution failed to prove conspiracy and the identification of the accused was unrelia…

The appellant Fahim Khan and two others were accused of murdering Sagir Hasan Siddique. The trial court acquitted them, but the High Court set aside the acquittal, finding the trial court's judgment perverse and convicting the appellant. On appeal, the Supreme Court examined whether the High Court could interfere with …

The Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI) appealed against the Andhra Pradesh High Court’s order granting bail to S. Gopalakrishnan (external auditor) and V.S. Prabhakara Gupta (internal auditor) in the massive Satyam corporate fraud case. The Supreme Court examined whether the bail was justified given the accused’s al…

The case arose from a politically motivated clash between two village factions in Chinthalajuturu, Andhra Pradesh, where a group of accused attacked a jeep, killing two persons (D‑1 and D‑2) and injuring several witnesses. The first information report (FIR) was challenged as a fabricated document and the fitness of ser…

The case concerned an assault with a sword and knife that resulted in the death of Johnson and injuries to others. The trial court acquitted the accused, but the Madras High Court set aside the acquittal, finding the prosecution evidence credible and convicting them under Sections 302, 341, 307 and 34 IPC. On appeal, t…

The State of Maharashtra appealed the acquittal of Guntabai @ Bhagirathabai and two others for murder (Sec. 302 IPC) and dowry death (Sec. 498A read with Sec. 34 IPC). The trial court had rejected the victim's dying declaration because no doctor’s certificate confirmed her consciousness, relying on Paparambaka Rosamma …

The State of Madhya Pradesh appealed a High Court order acquitting Lakhhan, who had been convicted by a trial court for the murder of a nine‑month‑old child under Section 302 read with Section 34 of the IPC. The trial court relied on the testimony of an informant (PW‑1), deeming it cogent and credible. The High Court s…

The appellants challenged the constitutional validity of Sections 54A, 69(4)‑(9) and 98 inserted by amendment to the Rajasthan Excise Act, 1950, alleging that they usurped the jurisdiction of criminal courts, removed the remedy of judicial review and violated Articles 14, 19, 20, 21, 301 and 254 of the Constitution. Th…

Saibanna, already serving a life sentence for murdering his first wife, was released on parole and subsequently murdered his second wife Nagamma and their 16‑year‑old daughter Vijayalakshmi with a hunting knife while they slept. He was convicted under Section 302 IPC and sentenced to death by the Sessions Court, which …

Mukhtiar Ahmed Ansari was convicted under TADA (Sec. 5) and the Arms Act (Sec. 25(IB)) for allegedly possessing firearms and ammunition in a notified area after being arrested near Delhi's Bahai Temple in 1993. He had earlier been acquitted of the related kidnapping charge. On appeal, the Supreme Court examined whether…

Manoranjan Das, a businessman, introduced Loknath Acharya to a bank for opening a current account. Acharya later presented forged demand drafts and withdrew money, leading the bank to discover the fraud and file a police complaint against Acharya, Das and a bank employee under Sections 420 and 109 of the Indian Penal C…

The appellant, a police officer, was convicted under IPC s.302 for allegedly setting his wife on fire and under s.377 for sodomy. The sole evidence of his guilt was the victim's dying declaration recorded by a Judicial Magistrate, which the defence argued was inadmissible because it was not in question‑answer form, lac…

The case concerned the murder of Laxman Singh on 3 November 1977, for which Kalu, Meharaj Singh and others were charged under Section 302 IPC. The trial court acquitted all accused, finding the First Information Report (FIR) to be ante‑timed and the eyewitness testimony unreliable, especially in view of contradictory m…

Rajinder Singh was charged with murder under Section 302 IPC and illegal use of a pistol under Section 27 of the Arms Act for allegedly shooting Chamkaur Singh, who later died of injuries. The prosecution relied on two eye‑witnesses (Harbans Singh and Hakam Singh) and two dying declarations of the deceased, one recorde…

The incident occurred on 10 November 1979 when Wazir Singh, armed with a kulhari, and his accomplices Darbara Singh and Dalip Singh attacked Sadha Singh, inflicting a fatal incised wound and multiple blunt injuries. The trial court convicted all three under Section 302/34 IPC and sentenced them to life imprisonment, wh…

The case concerned a dacoity that occurred on the night of 5-6 April 1970 at the house of Dhaniram Singh (PW‑11) in Awadhiya village. The prosecution alleged that five of the accused, including Munni Singh, participated in the robbery and murder of the victim's uncle. Four sets of eyewitnesses were produced, but three …

Vinod Kumar, a college student, was convicted for leading a pre‑planned triple murder in 1973 and sentenced to life imprisonment under IPC s.302 read with s.149. He appealed, the High Court affirmed the conviction, and later obtained special leave to raise a belated claim that he was a child (under 16) at the time of t…

The State of Haryana prosecuted Uttam alias Cheaku and three others for a highway robbery on the Delhi‑Jaipur road, during which the victims Om Parkash and his wife Jai Rani were assaulted, robbed and injured. The trial court, after detailed consideration of victim testimony and identification parades, convicted Uttam …

Kuljeet Singh alias Ranga was convicted along with a co‑accused for the murder of two children and sentenced to death under sections 302 and 34 of the Indian Penal Code, with additional convictions under sections 363, 365, 366 and 376. The conviction and sentence were affirmed by the High Court and the Supreme Court di…

The appellant Sudam Prabhakar Achat was convicted under Section 302 read with Section 34 IPC for the death of his cousin Motiram Deoram Achat, based on testimony of relatives who witnessed a quarrel in which the appellant, armed with a stick, and a co‑accused, armed with the blunt side of an axe, assaulted the deceased…

The case arose from a large-scale riot in Vadod village where over a thousand people clashed, resulting in police firing and a stampede. Seven persons, including the appellants, were arrested on the spot and named in the FIR, while a total of nineteen were tried. The trial court acquitted all accused due to lack of spe…

The appellant, Nagaraj Reddy, was convicted of murder and attempt to murder under Sections 302 and 341 IPC based primarily on the testimony of his deceased brother, PW‑1, an interested witness who admitted prior enmity between the parties. The trial court and High Court upheld the conviction despite the lack of any eye…

The petitioner, Sundar, was convicted of kidnapping and murdering a seven‑year‑old child and sentenced to death by the trial court, a decision affirmed by the High Court and the Supreme Court. He filed a review petition alleging errors in the evidence, especially the admissibility of call‑detail records (CDRs) without …

The appellant, an editor, published a news report disclosing the name of a 16‑year‑old girl who was a victim of sexual harassment, leading to a complaint under Section 23 of the Protection of Children from Sexual Offences Act (POCSO). The police investigated, filed a charge‑sheet and the Special Court took cognizance, …

The State of Uttar Pradesh charged Om Pal and two others with murder under Sections 302 and 34 IPC for the death of Mahipal on 25‑03‑1993. The trial court convicted them based primarily on the testimony of the complainant (PW‑1) and two eyewitnesses (PW‑2 and PW‑3). On appeal, the Allahabad High Court acquitted the acc…

The respondent company borrowed Rs 900 lakhs from a consortium led by State Bank of Travancore (SBT). SBT assigned the debt to Kotak Mahindra Bank on 29‑03‑2006 but failed to inform the borrower. Unaware of this, the borrower later assigned a separate debt to Kotak and discovered the earlier assignment only when Kotak …

The Supreme Court reviewed a series of criminal appeals arising from the 1993 Bombay serial blasts, all tried under the Terrorist and Disruptive Activities (Prevention) Act, 1987 (TADA). The appeals concerned convictions for offences such as unauthorised possession of arms and explosives (s.3(3), s.5, s.6 TADA), conspi…

On March 12, 1993, a series of 12 bomb explosions occurred in Bombay, killing 257 people and injuring 713, with property damage worth Rs. 27 crores. The conspiracy was hatched by Tiger Memon and Dawood Ibrahim, with Yakub Abdul Razak Memon (A-1) playing a key role. The Designated Court convicted 100 accused, sentencing…

The Supreme Court of India disposed of multiple appeals arising from the 1993 Bombay serial bomb blasts, which killed 257 people and injured 713. The Designated Court under TADA had convicted numerous accused, sentencing most to life imprisonment. On appeal, the Supreme Court examined the evidence, including confession…

The Supreme Court of India delivered a consolidated judgment on multiple appeals arising from the 1993 Bombay serial blasts case under the Terrorist and Disruptive Activities (Prevention) Act, 1987 (TADA). The appeals challenged convictions and acquittals of various accused persons involved in the conspiracy, landing, …

The Supreme Court examined 19 appeals filed by the State of Maharashtra against acquittals in the 1993 Bombay serial bomb blast case, focusing on conspiracy charges under the Terrorist and Disruptive Activities (Prevention) Act (TADA) and the Indian Penal Code. It reiterated the limited circumstances in which an appell…

The Supreme Court examined a series of appeals arising from the Designated Court's judgments in the 1993 Bombay bomb blast case under the Terrorist and Disruptive Activities (Prevention) Act, 1987 (TADA). The Court held that confessional statements recorded under Section 15 of TADA are substantive evidence admissible a…

Shankar Diwal Wadu killed his brother Mahu Wadu after a quarrel that arose when he attempted to force the widow Kamlibai into becoming his mistress. The victim intervened, prompting the accused to strike him with a wooden plank, resulting in death. The trial court convicted the accused under Sections 302 (murder) and 5…

The petition concerned a kidnapping for ransom where the victim was abducted in Lucknow (U.P.), ransom demands were made in Haldwani (Uttarakhand) and the bodies were recovered in Unnao (U.P.). The FIR was lodged and investigation commenced at Haldwani. The question before the Supreme Court was which court had territor…

The husband, Naveen Kohli, filed a petition for divorce under the Hindu Marriage Act, 1955 on the ground of cruelty, alleging that his wife, Neelu Kohli, was bad‑tempered, engaged in indecent conduct, transferred property to herself, and repeatedly harassed him through criminal and civil complaints. The trial court fou…

The case involves a head‑on collision between a car driven by Dr. Venkatesh Kanakareddy and a mini‑lorry driven by Sharanappa Basanagouda Aregoudar, resulting in four deaths and one injury. The accused was convicted under IPC Sections 279, 337, 338 and 304A for rash and negligent driving. The trial magistrate sentenced…

Gian Kaur and her husband were convicted under Section 306 of the IPC for abetting the suicide of Kulwant Kaur. They appealed, arguing that Section 306 (and Section 309) were unconstitutional because Article 21 of the Constitution includes a "right to die", as held in P. Rathinam. The Supreme Court, sitting as a Consti…

The case involved three Yadav appellants convicted for rioting, arson and murder during communal violence in Bihar in 1985. The appellants challenged the High Court’s transfer of the trial from the 10th to the 5th Sessions Court, arguing that the transfer was beyond its jurisdiction and amounted to a de novo trial viol…

The Supreme Court examined the murder trial of three inter‑related accused (two sisters, A‑1 and A‑2, and the husband of a younger sister, A‑3) who were convicted for killing a devotee, Ramakoti Reddy, based largely on the testimony of a single maid‑servant (PW‑1) and a disputed letter. The Court found PW‑1’s evidence …

The appellants, a Tehsildar and a Village Assistant, were convicted under the Prevention of Corruption Act and IPC for demanding a bribe in a land‑patta case. The main issue was whether the testimony of the bribe‑giver, who was an accomplice, required corroboration before a conviction could be sustained. The Supreme Co…

The petitioner, N.K. V. Bros (P) Ltd., owned a stage carriage that, after nightfall, struck an over‑hanging high‑tension wire, killing eight passengers and injuring many others. The driver was tried under IPC s.304A but was acquitted on the ground that the accident was an act of God. The Accident Claims Tribunal, apply…

The appellant, M. Vijayakumar, was convicted under IPC sections 306, 342 and 365 for allegedly kidnapping and wrongfully confining the deceased, leading to the latter's suicide. The prosecution argued that the appellant’s abduction and confinement forced the victim to commit suicide, thereby satisfying the elements of …

The appellant Ram Singh was convicted under Sections 301, 302 and 307 of the Indian Penal Code for the death of his mother-in-law, based on eyewitness testimony that he fired a pistol at the informant but the bullet struck the mother. The prosecution failed to recover the alleged weapon, did not obtain a ballistic repo…

The petitioners, Ram Nath and others, challenged prosecutions under Sections 272 and 273 of the Indian Penal Code (IPC) for alleged adulteration and sale of noxious food, arguing that the Food Safety and Standards Act, 2006 (FSSA) had an overriding effect. The State of Uttar Pradesh contended that simultaneous prosecut…

The deceased Rukseena died by suicide after alleged dowry harassment, leading her brother to file an FIR against her husband, his mother, and the husband’s father‑in‑law, sister‑in‑law and brother‑in‑law. The investigating agency found no incriminating material against the three relatives and only charged the husband a…

The case arose from a partition suit (O.S. No. 388/77) where the trial court decreed shares only to plaintiffs 2 and 3, rejecting plaintiffs 4‑8. The appellant‑defendant appealed and the First Appellate Court set aside the trial decree, but the High Court restored it and, on remand, divided the property among the appel…

The appellant was convicted of raping and murdering a five‑year‑old girl, with DNA evidence and an extra‑judicial confession establishing his guilt. The trial court sentenced him to death for murder and life imprisonment for rape, a sentence confirmed by the High Court. The Supreme Court examined whether the death pena…

In March 1994 a group of caste Hindus attacked the hut of Murugaiyan, the father‑in‑law of PW1, setting it alight and assaulting him with sickles, resulting in his death. The prosecution relied on the testimony of PW1, PW2, PW3 and PW5, along with medical evidence, to identify twenty‑four accused; the trial court convi…

Zenith Infotech Ltd filed a reference under the Sick Industrial Companies (Special Provisions) Act, 1985 before the Board for Industrial and Financial Reconstruction (BIFR). The Registrar of the Board refused to register the reference on the ground that the company was not an "industrial company" within the meaning of …

The State of Andhra Pradesh (appellant) challenged a civil suit filed by Mis. Star Bone Mill & Fertiliser Co. (respondent) seeking declaration of title over a 3.525‑acre land. The respondent relied on a registered sale deed dated 11‑Nov‑1959 executed by M/s A. Allauddin & Sons, who were merely lessees of the State sinc…

The Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI) investigated K.M. Sharan, former Vice‑Chairman of the Delhi Development Authority, and his son for alleged illegal gratification from DLF and for possessing cash of Rs.36 lakh recovered from the son’s residence. The CBI filed a charge‑sheet under IPC sections 120B (criminal con…

The appellants were acquitted by a trial court of kidnapping a minor girl. The Jharkhand High Court set aside that acquittal and remitted the case to the trial court for a fresh hearing, but did so without recording any reasons or analysing the evidence. The appellants challenged this order before the Supreme Court, ar…

The Supreme Court reviewed the conviction of the father‑in‑law, mother‑in‑law and others for murder under Sections 302 and 34 of the IPC, which was based solely on the victim’s dying declaration that they set her on fire over a dowry dispute. The Court reiterated that a dying declaration can support a conviction only i…

The Supreme Court upheld the decree of divorce granted to the husband on the ground of cruelty under the Hindu Marriage Act, 1955. The husband alleged that his wife repeatedly demanded money, denied food, threatened him and the children, and physically abused the children, culminating in the death of three children. Th…

The appellant, A.D. Das, was charged under Sections 406, 467, 468, 471 and 420 IPC and applied to the Calcutta High Court for anticipatory bail under Section 438 of the CrPC, claiming a conspiracy against him. The High Court rejected the application, and the appellant appealed to the Supreme Court. The Court held that …

The appellant, editor of the magazine 'Mother India', was convicted under Section 153A of the Indian Penal Code for two articles titled 'A Tale of Two Communalisms' and 'Lingering Disgrace of History'. He argued that the articles were political theses and historical protests, not attacks on any religion, and thus could…

The State of Jharkhand filed an FIR alleging that Dr. Nishkant Dubey and others forcibly entered the Air Traffic Control (ATC) room at Deoghar Airport, exerted pressure on officials, and caused an unsafe take‑off, invoking Sections 336, 447 and 448 of the IPC and Sections 10 and 11A of the Aircraft Act. The High Court …

The appellant, Smt. Laxmi Das, mother of Babu Das, was charged under Section 306 read with Section 34 of the IPC for abetment of suicide of Souma Pal. The High Court upheld the charge against her, finding prima facie material that she had allegedly told the deceased she need not be alive. On appeal, the Supreme Court e…

Mushtt Rehana Begum (appellant) sought to quash a criminal complaint filed by her husband (second respondent) under Sections 494 and 495 of the IPC, alleging that she married him while a prior marriage subsisted. The dispute over her matrimonial status had already been adjudicated by the Principal Judge of the Family C…

Paul was married to Jessy and was accused of cruelty and of causing her death. The trial court initially acquitted him, but the Kerala High Court set aside the acquittal, remanded the case for further examination under Section 313 Cr.PC, and the trial court subsequently convicted him under Section 302 IPC, sentencing h…

The appellant, Dr Nallapareddy Sridhar Reddy, was originally charged under Section 498A IPC and the Dowry Prohibition Act. After the trial had proceeded, the public prosecutor filed an application under Section 216 of the CrPC to add charges of cheating (IPC ss. 406 and 420) based on an additional charge‑sheet filed in…

Ramesan was convicted under Sections 55(a) and 55(g) of the Kerala Abkari Act and sentenced to two years' imprisonment and a fine of Rs.1 lakh for each charge. He appealed the conviction, but died while the appeal was pending. The Kerala High Court held that the imprisonment portion of the sentence became unworkable du…

The case involved two violent incidents on 15 October 1998 in Kodebod, where a large group of armed men assaulted Dhanwaram, causing grievous injuries, and later beat Govind Singh to death. The trial court convicted ten of the eighteen accused under Sections 147, 148, 302/149 IPC, while acquitting eight, and the High C…

In a village in Gujarat, two rival groups clashed, resulting in a free fight in which appellant No.1 Pathubha Govindji Rathod was stabbed with a knife and subsequently fired a revolver, killing Natha Nagabhai. Both appellant No.1 and appellant No.2 Hemubha Govindji were convicted under Section 302/304 read with Section…

The Supreme Court entertained a batch of writ petitions filed under Article 32 by death‑row convicts and their families alleging that the executive had unreasonably delayed the disposal of their mercy petitions under Articles 72 and 161, and that other supervening circumstances such as mental illness, solitary confinem…

The Supreme Court examined whether disciplinary proceedings against employees of M/s Stanzen Toyotetsu India Ltd. could be stayed pending the criminal trial arising from the same incident. The Court held that there is no legal bar to conducting disciplinary and criminal proceedings simultaneously, but a stay is only ju…

Biswanath Bhatiacharya, who had been detained under COFEPOSA in the 1970s, was served a notice under Section 6(1) of the Smugglers and Foreign Exchange Manipulators (Forfeiture of Property) Act, 1976 (SAFEMA) to explain the source of his wealth, and later a forfeiture order was passed under Section 7. He challenged the…

The appellant, a retired post‑office employee, was convicted for misappropriating Rs 1,35,240 under Section 477‑A IPC read with Sections 3(1)(c) and 13(2) of the Prevention of Corruption Act, 1988. The trial court, instead of imposing a custodial sentence, released him under the Probation of Offenders Act, 1958 on a bo…

The case concerns the 1999 arson and murder of Australian missionary Graham Staines and his two sons by a mob in Orissa. The trial court convicted fourteen accused, sentencing Dara Singh (A‑1) to death and the others to life imprisonment; the High Court modified Dara Singh's sentence to life imprisonment and acquitted …

Eight persons were tried for the murder of Hari Dutt Singh. The trial court convicted all under Section 302 read with Section 149 IPC and sentenced them to life imprisonment. On appeal, the High Court converted the convictions of Satvir (appellant), Ram Saran and Harbir to Section 302 read with Section 34 IPC and acqui…

Shiva Karam Payaswami Tewari, employed at Hotel Premier, got into a sudden quarrel with the manager Muttukumar and struck him with a wooden log, causing Muttukumar's death. The accused made an extra‑judicial confession to a friend, admitting the incident. The trial court convicted him under IPC sections 302, 321 and 20…

The State of Maharashtra prosecuted three accused—two brothers and their uncle—for the murder of Madhukar, alleging they acted out of jealousy over his illicit relationship. The trial court convicted them under IPC s.302 read with s.34 and sentenced the brothers to death and the uncle to life imprisonment. The Bombay H…

The appellant, Ranveer Singh, and his son Munnu were involved in a violent incident where the son shot and killed Lalita, the sister of the complainant, after the father allegedly instructed him to fetch a revolver. The trial court convicted the father under Section 302 IPC read with Section 109 (or Section 34) and sen…

The appellant Vikas and others were convicted for murder and conspiracy under Sections 302, 342 and 34 of the IPC based primarily on two dying declarations of the victim, Rekha, recorded by a Special Judicial Magistrate and a Police Sub‑Inspector. The victim's father and a Panch witness, who turned hostile, were disreg…

During the Deshara festival, a group of Hindu villagers performing pooja at a temple were attacked by a large crowd from a nearby mosque who pelted stones and urged them to leave for prayer. The accused, numbering 32, along with others, assaulted the villagers with sticks, stones and knives, causing serious injuries an…

Four accused assaulted Kuttappan with the handles of an axe, spade and an iron rod at night, causing injuries mainly on non‑vital parts and a single fatal head wound. The trial court convicted them of murder under Section 302 read with Section 34, a decision affirmed by the Kerala High Court. On appeal, the Supreme Cou…

The appellants Rizan and Duda were convicted for assaulting Jhanguram (PW‑2) and his wife (PW‑4) under IPC sections 326 and 323. They appealed, claiming the acts were in private defence, that related witnesses should be disbelieved, that the conviction was unsafe because four co‑accused were acquitted, and that the sen…

The appellant, Paul George, was convicted under Sections 279 and 304A of the IPC and sentenced to fine and imprisonment. He appealed, and the High Court dismissed his criminal revision under Section 397 of the CrPC by a non‑speaking order stating merely that no illegality, impropriety or jurisdictional error was found.…

The case arose from a land dispute in which the appellants, armed with deadly weapons, allegedly attacked the complainant party, resulting in the death of Virender Singh and injuries to several witnesses. The trial court convicted the appellants under Sections 302/34, 341/34 and 307/34 of the IPC and the High Court aff…

Harpreet Kaur, the wife of Harvinder Singh, challenged the detention of her husband under the Maharashtra Prevention of Dangerous Activities of Slumlords, Bootleggers and Drug Offenders Act, 1981. The husband had been involved in bootlegging, threatened police, attempted to run them over, injured a pedestrian and escap…

N.M. Parthasarathy, a former Inspector of Industries, and another Inspector were charged with criminal conspiracy to obtain a Small Scale Industries Registration Certificate, Essentiality Certificate and import licences by making false representations. The trial court acquitted them, but the Madras High Court, after re…

Pradumansinh Kalubha was accused of stabbing Harijan painter Keshav Uka after a collision at Piplawala Chowk, leading to Uka's death. The trial court acquitted Kalubha, finding the prosecution story implausible, but the Gujarat High Court reversed the acquittal, convicting him under IPC Section 304 Part II and sentenci…

Krishna alias Raju, a bus driver, was convicted of rash and negligent driving under IPC sections 279, 337, 304-A and Motor Vehicles Act sections 89(a) and 89(b) after his bus struck a bullock cart, causing one death and one injury. The magistrate imposed only nominal fines totaling Rs.345. The State appealed under Sect…

The Supreme Court examined a writ petition filed by directors of Maharashtra Antibiotics & Pharmaceuticals Ltd. seeking relief against the Bombay High Court's order directing the State to arrest them and to compel the investigating agency to file a charge‑sheet. The Court held that arrest is a discretionary power of th…

In a partition suit over ancestral coparcenary property, the children of a second wife (Jinia Keotin) born from a marriage that was void under the Hindu Marriage Act, 1955 claimed a share in the property. The trial court and the High Court allowed them a share only in the parents' property, invoking Section 16(3) of th…

The State of Karnataka charged Panchakshari Gurupada Yya Hiramath under Section 302 IPC for the murder of DSP Shankaraiah Hiremath, alleging a fatal attack with a sickle following a land dispute. The prosecution’s case rested primarily on the eye‑witness testimony of PW3, who saw the accused assault the victim, and on …

The appellants were convicted of murder for a shooting that occurred on an open terrace on a moonless night, where the victims and neighbours identified them as the assailants. The defence argued that darkness made identification impossible and that there was no discernible motive. The Supreme Court held that despite l…

A highway robbery on 20 April 1975 resulted in the death of Naresh Chand after he was stabbed. Five persons were initially charged; the Delhi High Court acquitted one, leaving four accused. The High Court convicted the four under Sections 302/34 IPC (murder with common intention) and 394 IPC (voluntarily causing hurt i…

The case concerned an alleged misappropriation of funds collected for party souvenirs by the former Chief Minister of Orissa, Nandini Satpathy. After a vigilance case was filed and charges under the IPC were framed, the state government decided to withdraw politically motivated prosecutions. The Special Public Prosecut…

Four persons were tried before a Sessions Judge for murder and related offences; Mohinder Singh was convicted under Section 304 IPC and sentenced to seven years' rigorous imprisonment, while the other three were acquitted. The State appealed the acquittals and also appealed Mohinder Singh's acquittal under Section 302 …

Sunil Batra, a death‑row convict, wrote to the Supreme Court alleging that another prisoner, Prem Chand, had been brutally tortured by a warder in Tihar Jail to extort money. The Court, acting on a habeas corpus petition under Article 32, appointed amicus curiae who verified the injury and the attempts to conceal it. T…

The appellant, Sunny @ Santosh Dharmu Bhosale, was convicted under Section 302 IPC for the death of Gopal Bhosale, who was allegedly assaulted with a bamboo stick after a quarrel over a loan. The prosecution alleged that the appellant abused the householder and his wife, was confronted by the deceased, and subsequently…

The case arose from allegations that a piece of evidence (an underwear) seized in a 1990 NDPS case was tampered with after being released from judicial custody, leading to the conviction of an Australian national being set aside and a subsequent FIR being lodged against court staff and a junior lawyer for conspiracy an…

The appellant was charged under Sections 376(2)(n) and 506 of the IPC for an alleged forceful sexual relationship and intimidation, based on an FIR filed in 2019. The complainant claimed the appellant had threatened her and refused to marry her after a consensual relationship that began in 2017. The High Court rejected…

The appellant, a Vice President of Purchases at Shakti Bhog Foods Ltd., was arrested under the fourth supplementary complaint filed under Sections 44 and 45 of the Prevention of Money Laundering Act, 2002 (PMLA) for alleged money‑laundering offences linked to a bank fraud investigated under the Prevention of Corruption…

The Supreme Court examined applications for anticipatory bail filed by the husband and his family in a matrimonial cruelty case where the FIR was lodged in Rajasthan but the bail applications were made in Karnataka. The Court considered whether a High Court or Court of Session can grant anticipatory bail for an FIR out…

The State of Rajasthan prosecuted Ramesh for the death of his daughter Sheela, alleging that he slapped her, took her inside the house and caused her death by strangulation and throttling. The defence claimed the death was a suicide by hanging. The trial court convicted Ramesh under Sections 302 and 201 IPC, but the Hi…

The appellant, a wife, filed an application under Section 12 of the Protection of Women from Domestic Violence Act, 2005 seeking seizure of her stridhan held by her husband after they were judicially separated. The trial court, Sessions Court and High Court dismissed the application on the grounds that she was no longe…

The Supreme Court examined an appeal by Tamil Nadu Mercantile Bank Ltd. against the Madras High Court's order quashing criminal proceedings under Section 482 of the CrPC against five non‑bank accused in a fraud case involving Rs 2.51 crore. The FIR and charge‑sheet alleged that the accused, in collusion with bank offic…

Six persons, including appellants Sandeep and Narender, were convicted of murder, attempt to murder, rioting and other offences for the killings of Ranbir, Simla, Seema and a child, Rahul. The trial court sentenced the appellants to death and the others to life imprisonment; the High Court affirmed the death sentences.…

Baliram, a Minimum Wages Inspector, demanded Rs 100 from Shivaji Padwal for dropping an action for not maintaining a service register. Padwal complained, and a trap was arranged using currency notes treated with anthracene powder and two independent witnesses. The treated notes were offered, accepted by Baliram, and re…

The husband allegedly poured kerosene on his wife Kamalam, causing severe burns; she was taken to hospital where she gave a dying declaration implicating him. The trial court convicted the husband under Section 302 IPC based on the dying declaration, medical officer's report, and oral testimonies of relatives. The Madr…

The appellant D. Sailu was convicted under Section 302 IPC for stabbing the deceased during a quarrel over bore water. He appealed, arguing that the eyewitnesses were relatives of the deceased and thus unreliable, that medical evidence contradicted their testimony, and that the incident was a sudden fight falling under…

Sanghamitra Ghosh filed a transfer petition seeking to move a matrimonial suit for restitution of conjugal rights to Bangalore, alleging physical and mental torture by her husband Kajal Kumar Ghosh and his parents, and claiming she was driven out of the marital home with their minor child. Both parties later entered in…

The case arose from an incident where two police constables attempted to arrest Ram Avtar and his associates; the accused’s relatives intervened with weapons, leading to a violent clash that resulted in the deaths of two members of the complainant’s family. The trial court convicted eight accused under IPC sections 224…

The case concerned a violent assault on 23 May 1985 in which six accused, armed with a double‑barrel gun, gandhalis, kirpans and gandasas, attacked two men (Harbhajan Singh and Baldev Singh) and injured a third witness (Suba Singh). The trial court convicted four of the accused and acquitted two; the Punjab and Haryana…

Six accused were convicted under IPC sections 147, 148, 307 and 302 for a homicide. The Madras High Court set aside the convictions, acquitting them on the ground that the appellant's statement recorded under Section 164 of the CrPC (initially a dying declaration) materially contradicted the FIR report. The Supreme Cou…

Gajanan and his co-accused were tried for murder under IPC sections 302 and 34 for the death of Suryabhan on 10 September 1984. The trial court acquitted them, finding that the alleged eye‑witnesses had not actually seen the assault, their testimony conflicted with the medical report, and the purported extra‑judicial c…

The Depot Manager of Andhra Pradesh State Road Transport Corporation initiated disciplinary proceedings against driver Mohd Yousuf Miya under Regulation 28(ix) of the Employees Conduct Rules, 1963 after a fatal accident caused by his alleged failure to anticipate the incident. Simultaneously, the driver faced criminal …

The Supreme Court examined an appeal against the grant of regular bail to the accused (Respondent No.1) in a murder case involving sections 109, 120B, 201, 302, 450 and 454 IPC. After the bail was granted, key witnesses – the mother, sister and father of the deceased – turned hostile within twenty days, raising concern…

The respondent, convicted of multiple serious offences including rape and assault, applied for furlough under the Bombay Furlough and Parole Rules. The Director General of Police (DGP) rejected the application, citing the respondent's criminal conduct, threats to witnesses, illegal activities in jail, and the risk to p…

The appellant Jaswant Singh was named in an FIR for alleged cheating and breach of trust under Sections 406 and 420 IPC, arising from a dispute over a promised job placement in Italy. The complainant later settled the matter with the main accused Gurmeet Singh, and the offence against him was compounded, but the procee…

Mohan Singh was murdered on 26 June 1982; his head was severed and the crime was witnessed by his daughter (a child) and his father. The trial court convicted six accused under Sections 302 and 149 of the IPC, but the Allahabad High Court later acquitted them, citing alleged delays in FIR dispatch, defects in the inque…

The case arose from the murder of Balbir Singh on 21‑12‑1993, alleged to have been committed by Sheeshpal and his associates in a pre‑planned conspiracy. The trial court convicted the accused under Sections 302, 149 and 120B IPC, sentencing them to life imprisonment. On appeal, the High Court acquitted all accused, hol…

The Supreme Court examined the convictions of three accused (A1‑Pratham, A2‑Pancho and A3‑Gajraj) for murder and robbery of a tractor owner. The prosecution’s case hinged on an extra‑judicial confession made by A1, five months after the incident, to a villager with no close relationship, and on the belated recovery of …

The case concerned a rice mill that consumed electricity beyond its contracted load, leading the Executive Engineer to issue a provisional assessment under Section 126 of the Electricity Act, 2003. The mill challenged the assessment and the accompanying notice of "unauthorised use" before the High Court, arguing lack o…

The appellants were accused of murdering the chairman of a bank, with the prosecution alleging that they were hired by co‑accused to carry out the attack. The trial court convicted the appellants based on a chain of circumstantial evidence, including a blood‑stained loan application, knives recovered at the appellants'…

Iridium India Telecom Ltd. filed a criminal complaint alleging cheating by Motorola Inc. (respondent No.1) for misleading investors about the Iridium satellite system. The Bombay High Court, invoking Article 227 and Section 482 of the CrPC, quashed the magistrate's process, holding that a corporation cannot possess the…

The appellants Asraf SK and another were convicted by the trial court and the Calcutta High Court for murder of the father of two witnesses under IPC s.302 read with s.34, based primarily on the testimony of the victims' daughters (PW‑1 and PW‑2) and other circumstantial evidence. The Supreme Court examined whether the…

The deceased John Peter was attacked on a footpath by a group of seven accused. The trial court convicted all of them for offences including murder under s.302 read with s.149 IPC. The High Court acquitted accused Nos.2‑6 and modified the conviction of accused Nos.1 and 7 to s.302 read with s.34 IPC, also acquitting th…

The appellant, S. Ramakrishna, was convicted of raping a 14‑year‑old girl and threatening her life under Sections 376 and 342 of the Indian Penal Code. The trial court and the Andhra Pradesh High Court upheld the conviction, relying on the victim’s testimony and medical evidence showing semen and protozoa. The appellan…

The deceased, Darshan Kaur, a dumb (and allegedly deaf) woman, was set on fire on 6 April 2001 and gave two dying declarations identifying the accused. The Sessions Judge refused to discharge the accused under Section 227 of the CrPC, but the High Court, on revision, allowed the discharge, preferring one dying declarat…

The State of Assam charged Muhim Barkataki and Oulu Dutta with murder and arson, alleging they set fire to the deceased Nagen Dey's shop and body after pouring kerosene. The prosecution relied on eye‑witnesses who saw the fire, a dying declaration made by the victim while in severe pain, and statements recorded under S…

The Supreme Court examined the constitutionality of the Special Bearer Bonds (Immunities and Exemptions) Ordinance, 1981 and the subsequent Act, which granted anonymity and tax exemptions to holders of special bearer bonds intended to canalise black money. The petitioners argued that the President lacked authority unde…

The Supreme Court examined criminal appeals filed in the name of Bhagwan Singh, who alleged that his son‑in‑law and daughter had fabricated vakalatnamas, affidavits and other documents to lodge a Special Leave Petition and related proceedings without his knowledge, thereby attempting to falsely implicate Ajay Katara, a…

The deceased, Neelam, died from extensive burn injuries within seven years of her marriage to the son of the appellants, who were her father‑in‑law and mother‑in‑law. The prosecution alleged that the accused demanded a motorcycle and Rs 50,000 as dowry and threatened her, invoking the presumption of dowry death under S…

The respondent, Bhupendra Yadav, applied for a constable post in the Madhya Pradesh police and truthfully disclosed in his verification form that he had been tried for offences under IPC and the POCSO Act, but was acquitted by the trial court. The Superintendent of Police deemed him unfit on the ground of moral turpitu…

The appellant, Bhagwan Narayan Gaikwad, was convicted under IPC s.326 read with s.149 for violently amputating the victim's right arm and leg in 1993. The High Court upheld the conviction and sentenced him to five years' rigorous imprisonment and a monetary compensation under CrPC s.357. After serving five months, the …

Sharad Hiru Kolambe was convicted under several IPC provisions (364A, 395, 397, 387) and three provisions of the Maharashtra Control of Organised Crime Act (MCOCA) and sentenced to imprisonment, hefty fines and default imprisonment for non‑payment of those fines. After serving the substantive term of 14 years, he was r…

The appellant was accused of tampering with a medical report and a complaint under Sections 463, 465, 468, 471 and 114 IPC was filed. The appellant sought to quash the complaint under Section 482 CrPC, arguing that the complaint was not maintainable unless filed by the court under Section 195 CrPC. The High Court rejec…

The Supreme Court examined the conviction of three accused—Vyas Ram, Naresh Paswan and Sugai Mochi—under TADA and several IPC provisions for a 1992 massacre that killed 35 people. The Court found serious investigative flaws, including non‑examination of the informant, absence of a test identification parade and delayed…

The appellants, a Deputy Superintendent of Police and a constable, were convicted for abducting seven members of a family and for their alleged murder. The prosecution alleged that the victims were taken on 29 October 1991, later seen in various police stations, and never returned, leading to convictions under IPC sect…

The appellant lodged an FIR alleging that the accused, Shiv Raj Singh (alias Lalla Babu), a known history‑sheeter, orchestrated the kidnapping, confinement for eight days and assault of Bihari Lal under threat, offences punishable under Sections 364 and 506 IPC. The trial court denied bail, but the High Court granted b…

The appellant, Haresh Mohandas Rajput, was accused of raping and murdering 10‑year‑old Pooja, whose body was discovered under a cot in his house with blood‑stained sheets and forensic evidence of sexual assault and strangulation. The prosecution relied solely on circumstantial evidence, including the location of the bo…

The appellant, Ranjit Singh, was found in a locked room with a blood‑stained sword after the step‑mother was discovered dead with incised wounds. The trial and High Courts convicted him under Section 302 IPC based on oral, medical and documentary circumstantial evidence, rejecting his claim that he was already in polic…

The appellants were charged under Sections 302 and 34 of the Indian Penal Code for the murder of Lakshman, who was sleeping on the 'katta' of his house. The trial court acquitted them, finding that the mother of the deceased (PW‑1) was not a truthful eyewitness and that the younger brother (PW‑2) was not an eyewitness,…

The appellant, Bipin Bihari, was convicted under Section 307 of the Indian Penal Code for attempting to murder the complainant after firing a gun that injured the complainant's calf. The trial court sentenced him to life imprisonment and a fine; the High Court reduced the imprisonment to two years but increased the fin…

The appellants were convicted of offences under Sections 148, 323 and 324 of the IPC and were placed on probation for two years under Sections 3 and 4 of the Probation of Offenders Act, 1958. The complainant filed an appeal under Section 11(2) of the Act challenging the propriety of the probation order and also contend…

The case arose from a land dispute in which Dila (appellant No.1) and his son Telu (appellant No.2) allegedly attacked Om Pal, who had purchased the contested land, and Telu shot Om Pal, causing his death. The trial court acquitted all accused, but the Allahabad High Court reversed the acquittal of Dila and Telu, convi…

The respondent, a police constable, was prosecuted for bigamy after his wife alleged he had contracted a second marriage. He was discharged in the criminal trial for lack of evidence, but was suspended and a departmental enquiry was initiated under Rule 28 of the Karnataka Civil Service Rules, which prohibits a governm…

The petitioner, a police SHO, was alleged to have misbehaved with a process server who was serving court summons, leading the process server to lodge a private complaint under s.195 CrPC. The Chief Metropolitan Magistrate (CMM) ordered registration of an FIR under s.186 and s.341 IPC and directed police investigation u…

The appellant, Neelam Kumari, was convicted under Section 302 IPC for the murder of her infant son based primarily on alleged extra‑judicial confessions to her husband and other villagers. The prosecution also relied on a green dupatta found with blood stains and circumstantial evidence, but failed to establish a clear…

The Supreme Court examined two bail appeals arising from a 2020 FIR under the IPC, Arms Act and UAPA, involving accused no.11 (Saleem Khan) and accused no.20 (Mohd. Zaid). Both had been denied bail by the trial court, but the Karnataka High Court granted bail to Khan while refusing it to Zaid. The Court held that Khan'…

The Supreme Court examined a criminal appeal filed by the State of West Bengal against a High Court order that set aside the conviction of a 25‑year‑old accused under Section 6 of the POCSO Act and Sections 376(2)(n) and 376(3) of the IPC for raping a 14‑year‑old girl who later gave birth to his child. The Court held t…

The case concerned two village assistants who, on the instructions of the village administrative officer, received Rs 600 as alleged gratification for signing papers to transfer an electric connection. The money was counted by one assistant, handed to the other, and the pair were caught in a police‑run trap; the cash w…

The respondent, Dilip Mulani, was charged under IPC section 120‑B and several provisions of the Prevention of Corruption Act, 1988. The trial court rejected his discharge application, relying on documentary evidence, telephonic transcripts and witness statements that suggested his participation in a bribery conspiracy.…

A blast in the factory of M/s Kee Pharma Private Limited in Gurgaon on 27 June 1996 caused a stampede that killed seven workers. An FIR was lodged against the company’s shareholders/directors under Section 302 of the IPC, and the accused sought to quash the FIR by invoking Section 482 of the CrPC. The High Court partia…

The first respondent, Chaudhuri Nayak, obtained a Freedom Fighters' Pension under the 1972 scheme by claiming imprisonment in 1943, supported by a typed jail certificate and a certified extract of a challan register. A public interest litigation alleged that the documents were fabricated and that Nayak had misrepresent…

The appellant, a former managing director of a company that had defaulted on a loan from Andhra Bank, was charged by the CBI with cheating, forgery and corruption offences. The bank’s civil suit for recovery was later compromised, with clause 11 stating that both parties withdrew all claims against each other. The appe…

The case concerns the murder of Ajay Sharma, the nephew of Rangnath Sharma, by three accused who allegedly took the victim to a terrace, restrained him, and shot him with a pistol. The trial court convicted all three under Sections 302 read with 34 of the IPC and Section 27 of the Arms Act, but the Patna High Court acq…

The case arose from a political mob attack on 29 January 2000 in which a group of accused assaulted two houses, resulting in the deaths of D‑1 and D‑2. The trial court convicted several accused under s.302 IPC and s.302 r.w. s.149 IPC; the High Court upheld the s.302 convictions but acquitted on s.149, holding that no …

Twenty-five persons were charged with offences including murder under Section 302 read with Section 149 of the IPC, arising from an assault on the deceased Kenchappa and his sons. The trial court convicted six accused of all charges except the murder provision, relying on eye‑witness testimony, while acquitting the res…

The appellant Gorige Pentaiah was charged in a criminal complaint filed by Bakaram Eswar alleging offences under the Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes (Prevention of Atrocities) Act, 1989 and IPC sections 427, 447 and 506, relating to demolition of a wall, caste insult and intimidation in a land dispute. The appell…

The Supreme Court examined the appeal of three accused (A1, A2, A3) convicted of murder and assault under Sections 302 and 341 IPC. The appellants claimed they acted in private defence, arguing that the injuries they sustained indicated they were the aggressors. The Court held that the number of injuries is not a relia…

The State of Uttar Pradesh charged five accused with murder and other offences arising from a violent incident on 3 August 1974 during a festival, where the accused formed an assembly, used firearms and sticks, and killed two persons while injuring others. The trial court convicted them under Sections 302/34, 302/149 a…

The accused, charged under IPC s.120‑B and the Prevention of Corruption Act, applied to the trial court for the production of eight documents. The CBI and Punjab National Bank (the appellant) claimed the documents were privileged communication under Evidence Act s.124. The trial court ordered production, but the High C…

The appellant, Nallabothu Venkaiah, was one of sixteen accused who allegedly formed an unlawful assembly, hurled bombs and used axes, knives and spears to kill R. Venkateswarlu on 13 October 1992. The trial court convicted him under Section 302 IPC (simpliciter) and sentenced him to life imprisonment, relying on the te…

The appellant was charged with cheating for allegedly making false representations that a business, Calcutta Cafe, was free of encumbrances, leading the complainant to advance a loan of Rs.30,000. The trial court convicted him under Section 420 read with Section 34 of the IPC, a decision upheld by the High Court. On ap…

The appellant, an agriculturist, struck the deceased with a hoe during a verbal altercation over a pathway, causing a head injury that led to death. The trial court convicted him of culpable homicide not amounting to murder under Section 304 Part I and sentenced him to ten years' rigorous imprisonment. The High Court a…

The case involved an appeal by Shatrughan against his conviction for murder under section 302 of the Indian Penal Code for the death of his nephew Jagat Ram. The prosecution's case relied mainly on the testimony of the deceased's uncle, who claimed to have heard the victim shout that Shatrughan was assaulting him with …

The Supreme Court examined a writ petition filed by Mohammed Zubair, co‑founder of ALT News, who faced five FIRs in Uttar Pradesh and one in Delhi arising from the same set of tweets. The petitioner sought quashing of the FIRs and, alternatively, their consolidation with the Delhi FIR, along with interim bail in all ca…

The trial court acquitted five accused persons of offences under Sections 302 read with 149, 304B and 498A of the IPC and Sections 3 and 4 of the Dowry Prohibition Act. The informant filed a criminal miscellaneous application under Section 378 of the Code of Criminal Procedure seeking leave to appeal the acquittal. The…

The complainant, brother of the deceased Sumer Singh, challenged the High Court's grant of bail to three accused (Kamlesh, Arif and Bhojraj Singh) who were alleged to have participated in an unlawful assembly that brutally murdered Sumer Singh and injured his brother Vikram Singh, causing 26 and 11 injuries respectivel…

The A.P. Mahesh Cooperative Urban Bank Shareholders Welfare Association (petitioner) challenged the election of the bank's board, alleging voter fraud and later loan fraud, and filed criminal complaints under various IPC sections. The accused respondents filed petitions under CrPC Section 482 seeking quash of the compl…

The appellant was detained under the National Security Act, 1980 on 12 July 2017, and the District Magistrate reported the detention to the State Government only on 17 July 2017, a five‑day delay. The petitioner challenged the detention on the ground that the report was not made "forthwith" as required by Section 3(4) …

Satwant Singh, an investigating officer, arrested Malkeet Singh on a charge of murder (Section 307 IPC) after the latter had been granted anticipatory bail under Section 438 of the CrPC. The High Court had ordered that the bail protection applied only to offences listed in its order, leading to a conviction of Satwant …

The State of Uttar Pradesh prosecuted Ram Kumar and others for the murder of informant Mohan Lal, his wife, and three children by firearms and arson, alleging a common intention to kill. The trial court convicted all accused and imposed the death penalty. The Allahabad High Court acquitted them, holding that the lanter…

The appellants were charged with murder and related offences under the IPC. The trial court issued summons and warrants but failed to verify whether they were served, recorded that witnesses were absent and acquitted the accused under Section 232 CrPC. The informant filed a criminal revision under Section 401 CrPC; the…

The dispute involved alleged illegal disposal of association plots through forged documents, leading Respondent No.2 to lodge an FIR against three accused, including the appellant. The appellant sought quash of the FIR under Section 482 of the CrPC, but the High Court dismissed the application. Subsequently, the appell…