Indian Penal Code, 1860

The case involved four accused who tied, beat, strangled and poisoned the deceased, who was the brother of three accused and son of the fourth. The wife of the deceased (PW‑1) initially gave a false account to the Village Administrative Officer under threat, but later narrated the true events to her father, the police …

The appellant, an Additional District & Sessions Judge, granted bail to an under‑trial accused in a murder case after considering factors such as the filing of the charge‑sheet, the accused's ill father, and lack of prior convictions. A complaint was filed alleging the judge had taken illegal gratification for the bail…

The appellants, a group of five men, were convicted for the murder of Abdul Samad and for causing injuries to two eyewitnesses under Sections 302, 324 and 34 of the IPC. The High Court altered one conviction from Section 302 to Section 304 (II) but upheld the others. On appeal, the accused argued that the prosecution f…

Alpesh Na Vinchandra Shah and his brother were arrested for mis‑declaring import consignments and evading customs duty. Both were detained under section 3(1) of the COFEPOSA Act. They later applied for settlement under section 1278 of the Customs Act; the Settlement Commission accepted full duty payment, granted immuni…

The petitioner, Prakash Kaur, had taken a hire‑purchase loan from ICICI Bank for a truck and defaulted on instalments. The bank, through its agent Kartik Associates, forcibly seized the vehicle. The petitioner filed a writ petition seeking registration of a FIR against the bank and police for alleged criminal offences …

The deceased Bhavani and her infant daughter set themselves on fire and died. The prosecution alleged that the husband, Lella Srinivas Rao, and his mother had subjected Bhavani to cruelty and harassment, driving her to suicide, and charged them under IPC sections 498‑A and 306. Two dying declarations were recorded: the…

Hans Raj was convicted under Section 306 IPC for abetting the suicide of his wife, Jeeto Rani, and also under Section 498A IPC for cruelty. The prosecution’s case relied on the presumption in Section 113-A of the Evidence Act, asserting that the wife’s suicide within seven years of marriage and alleged cruelty implied …

The appellant, a long‑time tenant, was forcibly evicted by the respondent landlord while an eviction suit was pending. The appellant filed a criminal complaint and, within six months, instituted a suit for restoration of possession under Section 6 of the Specific Relief Act, 1963. The trial court dismissed the suit; th…

Jiwan Dass and Mittar Pal Yadav, employees of the Government Heat Treatment Centre, were authorized to procure 10,000 litres of light diesel oil from Indian Oil Corporation. The diesel delivered was short by 4,300 litres. The prosecution charged both under Section 409 of the IPC for criminal breach of trust. The Suprem…

During the construction of Yeshwant Stadium, two accidents caused seven deaths and eight injuries. The municipal officers responsible for the work were suspended pending a departmental inquiry, first on 23 September 1974 and again after a charge‑sheet under IPC 304A was filed in 1976. The High Court quashed the suspens…

The appellant, Sangram Sadashiv Suryavanshi, was charged with counterfeiting offences under Sections 489A, 489B and 489C read with Section 34 of the Indian Penal Code, involving six counterfeit Rs.500 notes. He had been in custody for two and a half years, with no prior criminal record and the trial unlikely to conclud…

The appellants, Vijaya Singh and his mother Basanti Devi, were convicted for the murder of Devaki, the appellant's wife, based largely on circumstantial evidence and statements recorded under Section 164 of the CrPC. The appellants challenged the conviction, arguing that the FIR was delayed, the circumstantial evidence…

The case concerns the murder of Debo! Kumar Ghosh on 16 June 2000, for which Anjan Dasgupta and Biswanath Paul were alleged to have directed shooters. The trial court acquitted them, citing alleged ante‑dating and ante‑timing of the FIR and discarding eye‑witness testimony. The Calcutta High Court reversed the acquitta…

The deceased Seema was married in 1991 and soon after faced repeated dowry demands for a motorcycle and cash from her husband, Chandrahas, and his relatives. Despite a Panchayat‑mediated compromise deed in 1994, the harassment continued, culminating in her being beaten and later burnt to death in 1995. The prosecution …

The appellant Motilal Yadav was convicted, along with six co‑accused, for kidnapping a six‑year‑old boy and demanding ransom, under IPC sections 364A read with 34 and 120B. The trial court sentenced each accused to life imprisonment and a fine, and the High Court of Patna affirmed the conviction. The appellant challeng…

The State of Gujarat appealed against the High Court’s order upholding the quashing of a magistrate’s permission to add Sections 364, 394 and 398 IPC to a charge‑sheet that had already been filed after investigation of an FIR under Section 154 CrPC. The dispute centered on whether a magistrate exercising jurisdiction u…

The State of Andhra Pradesh appealed the acquittal of Thummala Anjaneyulu, who was charged with murdering Bhoomaiah during a village Panchayat after being provoked for allegedly ogling women. The trial court had convicted him under Section 302 IPC, but the High Court set him free, doubting the credibility of eyewitness…

On 15 September 1997 three accused—Md. Mizazul Haq, Abbas Ahmad Choudhary and an absconding Ranju Das—kidnapped, gagged and raped a girl aged about 13‑15 years. The trial court convicted both appellants under Sections 376 and 336 of the Indian Penal Code, a decision upheld by the Gauhati High Court. On appeal before th…

The appellants Ashraf and Afras were convicted for murder under Section 302 read with Section 34 of the IPC based primarily on the testimony of PW1, who claimed to have seen the accused stabbing the victim. The Supreme Court noted serious contradictions between the statements of PW4 (police constable), PW17 (investigat…

The appellant, A. Yadav (Accused No.2), was acquitted by the trial court of charges under Sections 302 and 394 IPC, while Accused No.1 was convicted. The State appealed, and the Karnataka High Court set aside the acquittal, relying on circumstantial evidence such as the appellant’s acquaintance with Accused No.1, his p…

M. Viswanathan filed a criminal complaint alleging theft of documents, forgery, and intimidation by S.K. Tiles & Potteries Ltd. and others, leading to charges under IPC sections 379, 468, 471, 420 and 506(ii). The respondents sought quashing of the proceedings under Section 482 of the CrPC, arguing that the grievance w…

Four accused (A‑1 to A‑4) attacked the deceased with an aruval and metal‑tipped sticks, causing his death. The incident was witnessed by PW‑1 and PW‑3, whose eye‑witness testimony was accepted by the trial court, which convicted the accused under Section 302 of the IPC and Section 25 of the Arms Act. The Madras High Co…

Manoj Ramesh Mehta, accused No. 42 in the Telgi stamp counterfeiting case, was charged under IPC sections 120(8), 255, 34, 109 and MCOCA sections 3(1)(ii), 3(2), 3(5) and 4. He applied for bail, arguing that his role was limited to legitimate business transactions and was merely peripheral. The High Court rejected the …

The case concerned a complaint filed by a Dubai‑based bank (Respondent No. 2) in the Special Judicial Magistrate Court, Ghaziabad, alleging that the petitioner, Om Hemrajani, had defrauded the bank by obtaining loans in the United Arab Emirates and then fleeing the country. The magistrate took cognizance of the offence…

Four accused (A‑1 to A‑4) were convicted under IPC sections 326/34 and 325/34 for causing grievous hurt. The trial court sentenced A‑1, A‑2 and A‑3 to one year imprisonment and a fine of Rs.500; A‑4, being a minor, received one month imprisonment and a fine of Rs.500. The Bombay High Court reduced the sentences of A‑3 …

The appellants were convicted for the murder of Sarjug Rai under Section 302 read with Section 149 of the Indian Penal Code, alleging that they formed an unlawful assembly with a common object to kill the victim. The Supreme Court examined whether the prosecution had proved the essential ingredient of Section 149 – a c…

The appellants, Jeet Singh (who had two wives) and his first wife Mayawati, challenged the inclusion of two plots transferred to Mayawati in Jeet Singh's land holding under the U.P. Imposition of Ceiling on Land Holdings Act, 1960, arguing that Mayawati was a "judicially separated" wife and therefore the land should be…

The State of Madhya Pradesh charged Ramjan Khan, Musab Khan and Habib Khan with murder of Naseem Khan under Sec. 302 read with Sec. 34 IPC. The trial court convicted them based largely on oral testimonies of the deceased’s mother (PW‑8) and his two minor brothers (PW‑5, PW‑9), treating an alleged oral dying declaration…

The State of Madhya Pradesh appealed against the Madhya Pradesh High Court’s order reducing Mahendra alias Golu’s conviction from attempt to commit rape under s.376(2)(f) read with s.511 IPC to a lesser offence of outraging modesty under s.354 IPC. The facts revealed that the accused lured two minor girls to his house,…

Ramawatar, a resident of a Madhya Pradesh village, was convicted under Section 3(1)(x) of the SC/ST Act for allegedly insulting his neighbour Prembai, a Scheduled Caste woman, during a property dispute. The parties later entered into a voluntary compromise and the complainant sought to withdraw the criminal case. The S…

Miss XYZ, a personal assistant to the managing director of a company, filed a complaint alleging that the director repeatedly blackmailed her with nude photographs, threatened her employment, and raped her on several occasions. An FIR was lodged under Sections 376, 499 and 506(2) of the IPC. The director filed a specia…

The appellant Jitendra Kalla was convicted in two FIRs for murder and related offences, receiving rigorous life imprisonment in each case with a 30‑year cap on remission for the first and a consecutive life term for the second. The High Court, despite a statement that the appellant would not challenge the conviction, e…

The case arose from the beating of Hariya on 30 August 1990 by five persons, including Pooranlal and Gaya Prasad, who later died after 14 days of injuries. The trial court acquitted all five accused, but the High Court set aside the acquittal of Pooranlal and Gaya Prasad, convicting them under Section 304 Part II read …

The CBI prosecuted three police officers for grievously injuring a detainee, Jugta Ram, in police custody, including the amputation of his penis using a razor. The trial court convicted all three under sections 326, 308, 323, 342, 343 and 120B of the IPC, but the Rajasthan High Court acquitted the ASI and SHO and reduc…

The case concerned the alleged misappropriation of gold used to make a temple ornament (Golaka) by officials of the Cochin Devaswom Board. The prosecution claimed that the assistant commissioner (appellant) conspired with a Devaswom officer (A‑3) to fraudulently divert pure gold, and that the appellant either misapprop…

The State of Uttar Pradesh appealed against the Allahabad High Court's acquittal of Ganga Ram and Rajendra Singh for the murder of Tula Ram under IPC Sections 302 and 34. The trial court had convicted all four accused, but the High Court set aside the convictions, relying on the absence of any pedestrian witness and th…

The State alleged that the accused, Sanjay, set fire to his fiancée Veena by pouring petrol from a can on her while riding a scooter, leading to her death. The prosecution's case relied heavily on two dying declarations recorded at the hospital, statements of the victim's parents, and the testimony of a tea‑stall vendo…

The husband forced his wife to relinquish land given as stridhana, concealed her family’s mail, and, together with his parents, drove her out of the matrimonial home, leading her to commit suicide. The trial court convicted the husband under Section 498A IPC for cruelty and acquitted all accused of dowry death (Section…

The case involved the abduction and subsequent death of Neelam, whose husband and brother‑in‑law alleged that seven accused, including Vijay Singh and Tanik Singh, abducted her from her father's house over a property dispute. The trial court convicted five of the accused under Sections 302/34 and 364/34 IPC and acquitt…

The complainant, a wife, filed a criminal complaint in 2013 alleging dowry demand, threats, and cruelty by her step‑mother‑in‑law, step‑brother‑in‑law, father‑in‑law and a munim, leading to an FIR under Sections 498A, 323, 504, 506 read with 34 IPC and a subsequent chargesheet. The appellants sought quashing of the FIR…

The case involved police officers accused of torturing a suspect, Shama @ Kalya, while in custody, leading to his death and alleged tampering with evidence. The prosecution relied on witness testimony, a fingerprint test linking an unidentified burnt body to the victim, and claims of a staged escape, while the defence …

The appellants Anwar Ali and another were convicted by the Himachal Pradesh High Court for murder and related offences based on circumstantial evidence, overturning a trial court acquittal. The trial court had found material contradictions in the prosecution's version of the recovery of a knife, rope, and other items, …

The appellant, a Christian minority college, challenged three Government Orders (G.O.M. No. 57, 92 and 98) that prescribed criteria for determining minority status of B.Ed. candidates, mandated centralized counselling, and required vacant management‑quota seats to be filled by non‑minority students on merit. The colleg…

The petitioner filed a writ petition under Article 32 seeking a direction to bar Members of Parliament, Legislative Assemblies and Councils from practising as advocates while holding office, invoking Bar Council of India Rule 49 which prohibits advocates from being full‑time salaried employees. The Court examined wheth…

The husband and wife were convicted of murder under Section 302 IPC for the death of Asaram, who they alleged had raped the wife. The trial and High Courts upheld the conviction, but the Supreme Court examined medical evidence, eyewitness testimony, and the dying declaration, finding the death homicidal but caused in a…

Avinash Sadashiv Bhosale, a State Bank of India branch manager, was prosecuted under IPC sections 120B, 420, 467, 468, 471 and 201 for alleged fraud of Rs 12 crore, but was acquitted by the criminal court. Simultaneously, the bank instituted departmental proceedings under the SBI Officers Service Rules, 1992, charging …

The case involved a robbery on 24 April 2002 in which the victim, Nand Kishore, was assaulted with an iron rod and his bag was stolen. The accused, Aslam @ Deewan and Waseem @ Raju, were arrested after one of them provided information leading to the recovery of the stolen items and the weapon. The injured victim identi…

Manoj and Bijendra Singh, along with Ram Avatar, were convicted for voluntarily causing hurt with dangerous weapons under Section 324 IPC (originally under Section 307 IPC). The High Court altered the conviction to Section 324 IPC. The appellants sought to compound the offence with the complainant, Bahadur Singh, throu…

The State of Uttar Pradesh charged Mutahir Mian with murder under Section 302 of the IPC. The trial court convicted him based on the prosecution's version that the accused stabbed the deceased thrice. On appeal, the Allahabad High Court acquitted him, finding that the FIR was not proved to have been lodged at the alleg…

Vivek Gupta conspired with two State Bank of India officers to cheat the bank, causing substantial loss. All three were charged under Section 120B read with Section 420 of the IPC, while the two officers were additionally charged under the Prevention of Corruption Act, 1988 (PCA). The trial was before a Special Judge a…

The appellant, D.P. Gupta, was charged under Section 5 of the Explosive Substances Act and the TADA Act for possessing large quantities of gelatine, detonators and other explosive materials found in his godowns and an underground room. The key issue was whether he had "conscious possession"—i.e., both physical control …

The case arose from a property dispute in which Madan Rai and his three sons fired gunshots, killing a teenage boy. The trial court convicted Madan Rai under IPC sections 302 and 440 and the others under section 440, but the Allahabad High Court acquitted all accused, setting aside the convictions. The father of the de…

The appellants were convicted of murder (Sec. 302 IPC) and related offences for the killing of Krishnanand Chaudhary, despite the victim's body not being produced. The appellants argued that the prosecution failed to prove the victim's death and that the lack of corpus delicti, non‑examination of the investigating offi…

The case arose from a mob of about 200 armed persons who attacked labourers transplanting paddy on a field, resulting in the deaths of Razaullah and Ahmed Shah. The trial court convicted all accused under Sections 302/149 and 302/34 IPC; the High Court set aside the 302/149 convictions but upheld the 302/34 convictions…

The deceased Ranganathan was allegedly attacked by the appellants Periasami and Ramaswamy with a billhook, spear and lathi, leading to his death. Eye‑witnesses PW‑1 and PW‑2 identified the appellants, while the FIR was lodged after a delay and the inquest report contained an erroneous time of death. The Sessions Court …

Surja Ram was convicted of murdering his brother Raji Ram, the brother's two minor sons and their aunt, and of attempting to murder the brother's wife and daughter. The killings were carried out in a cool, calculated manner during the night while the victims were asleep, using a sharp cutting instrument to sever their …

The petition challenged a detention order issued under Section 3(2) read with 3(3) of the National Security Act, 1980 against Praveen Kumar Gupta, who was already in jail for an IPC 307 offence. The order was based on a solitary incident in which he shot a person, causing communal tension and an apprehension of a riot,…

The petitioner, serving a life sentence for murder and a weapons offence, applied for premature release after 24 years of incarceration, claiming denial of remission and parole. The Remission Board rejected his applications twice, relying heavily on adverse opinions of the presiding judge, despite favorable reports fro…

The Central Bureau of Investigation filed charge sheets in English in Vyapam scam cases, and the accused, who claimed they could not understand English, sought Hindi translations. The lower courts rejected the applications, but the Madhya Pradesh High Court held that Hindi, being the language of the criminal courts und…

The appellant, a head cashier of a bank branch, was convicted under Sections 201, 380, 435, 457 and 477 read with Section 120B of the IPC for a theft of Rs. six lakh from the bank's safe, based solely on his custody of one set of keys in a dual‑lock system. The trial and High Courts inferred a conspiracy between the ap…

The Commissioner of Police, Delhi appealed against a Delhi High Court order that directed the consideration of four candidates (Raj Kumar, Shiv Singh, Prem Singh Choudhary and Deepa Tomar) for appointment as constables despite their involvement in criminal cases. The candidates had either been acquitted or had their ca…

The appellant, Samir Sahay, was charged under Section 420 IPC for allegedly cheating a depositor after his father, Major P.C. Sahay (Retd.), gave false assurances that money deposited in Aneja Consultancy would be safe. The FIR alleged that the father, not the son, made the fraudulent promise, and the son was only said…

The appellant Gurdeep Singh was convicted under IPC sections 3048 (dowry death) and 498A for allegedly poisoning his wife Rajinder Kaur after a dowry demand. The prosecution alleged that the accused administered poison, that a dowry demand of Rs 25,000 was made shortly before death, and that the body was cremated hasti…

The respondent, a legislator and social activist, filed a writ petition alleging that the Rajasthan Chief Minister's Relief Fund was being distributed arbitrarily and discriminatorily among minor rape victims, seeking a uniform grant of Rs.5 lakh to each victim. The High Court ordered that Rule 5 of the Relief Fund Rul…

Gurmukh Singh was convicted of murder under Section 302 IPC for delivering a single lathi blow to Hazoor Singh, who died six days later. The trial and High Courts upheld the conviction and life sentence. On appeal, the Supreme Court examined whether the facts—no prior enmity, spur‑of‑the‑moment incident, single fatal b…

The appellants were convicted for the murder of Raj Kumar under Section 302 read with Sections 149, 147 and 148 of the Indian Penal Code. The prosecution's case rested on the testimony of two eye‑witnesses, Prahlad (PW‑4) and Daya Wati (PW‑5), who were alleged to be interested witnesses, and on medical evidence that th…

A Judicial Member of the Central Administrative Tribunal (CAT), Shri B.V. Rao, was staying in a state‑run guest house when senior police officials, led by Inspector General Nirmala Choudhary, forcibly entered his room, abused and intimidated him, and seized his documents. An FIR was lodged under Sections 143, 144, 146,…

The appellants were convicted under Sections 147 and 324 of the IPC for attacking Abdul Haque Laskar with deadly weapons in 1995. After the convictions, the parties entered into an amicable settlement and sought to compound the offences. The issue before the Supreme Court was whether the offence under Section 324 IPC c…

The case concerns the murder of Vyasdeo Yadav, who was allegedly dragged and shot by a group of armed men. The trial court convicted the accused under sections 364 r/w 302, 302 r/w 149, 201 and 148 IPC, but the Patna High Court acquitted them, holding that identification was impossible and that procedural lapses (delay…

The Assistant Commissioner of Commercial Taxes, GOONDLA VENKATESWARLU, inspected a business premises and later faced a criminal complaint alleging forcible seizure of books and extortion under IPC sections 448, 380, 384 and 506. The complaint was challenged on the ground that Section 37 of the Andhra Pradesh General Sa…

The father of a deceased woman appealed against the acquittal of her husband and his mother, who had been charged under IPC sections 302, 498A and Section 4 of the Dowry Prohibition Act for alleged dowry harassment and murder. The deceased was found hanging in a bedroom, and the trial court had convicted the husband ba…

The appellant, Santosh Kumar, was convicted under Section 376(2)(g) IPC for raping the prosecutrix, Halki Bai, inside a bus. The prosecution relied on the victim’s testimony, corroborating statements of two constables who entered the bus after hearing shrieks, and a hostile witness who partially supported the prosecuti…

The documentary "Father, Son and Holy War" produced by Anand Patwardhan, dealing with oppression of women, masculinity, and communal violence, was submitted to Doordarshan for telecast in 1995. Doordarshan refused, citing an internal circular that barred the telecast of any film certified "A" by the Central Board of Fi…

The State of Punjab and a lady surgeon were sued by Shiv Ram and his wife for damages after the wife became pregnant and gave birth despite having undergone a tubectomy in 1984. The trial court and the High Court awarded Rs.50,000, holding the State liable for the failed sterilisation. On appeal, the Supreme Court exam…

The appellants Bathusingh, Nar Singh, Bhal Singh and others were charged with the murder of Dhan Singh and Bhuru, based on the testimony of three eye‑witnesses and corroborating medical evidence showing multiple stab wounds and fractures. The accused pleaded self‑defence, alleging that their crops were set on fire and …

The appellant, a former employee of Rallis India Ltd., continued to occupy a residential flat after resigning, which the company claimed he held under its tenancy rights. The company prosecuted him under Section 408 of the IPC and Section 630 of the Companies Act for wrongful possession, and a criminal court convicted …

Seven accused were convicted of offences including attempt to murder (s.307/149 IPC) and assault (s.325/149, s.323/149, s.148 IPC). The High Court acquitted them of the attempt to murder charge, released them on probation under s.360 CrPC, and ordered each to pay Rs.2,500 compensation to the victim Joginder, who suffer…

The appellant, Jhummamal, was leased a shop by the mortgagee and took possession on 7 August 1982, which was contested by respondent No.2. The police initiated proceedings under Section 145 of the CrPC, and the Sub‑Divisional Magistrate eventually ordered that Jhummamal be entitled to possession. The respondent filed a…

The State of West Bengal charged four police officers with murder under IPC sections 302 and 34 for the deaths of Ranjit and Samir Chakraborty during a police operation in 1970. The trial court convicted them, but the Calcutta High Court acquitted, holding that the order to open fire given by the Deputy Commissioner wa…

The appellant was convicted for aggravated penetrative sexual assault of a five‑year‑old girl under Section 6 of the POCSO Act and Section 376AB IPC, and was sentenced to imprisonment for the remainder of his natural life. The offence occurred on 20 May 2019, before the 2019 amendment to Section 6 of the POCSO Act, whi…

The appellant, Sukdeb Saha, challenged the Andhra Pradesh High Court's refusal to transfer the investigation of his 17‑year‑old daughter's suspicious death at a coaching institute to the CBI. He alleged that the local police investigation was biased, incomplete, and that crucial forensic evidence and CCTV footage were …

The dispute arose between Sunair Hotels Ltd (SHL) and VLS Finance Ltd over a failed Memorandum of Understanding for a hotel project, leading to multiple FIRs and arbitration. SHL filed an application under Section 156(3) CrPC on 1 July 2005, prompting a Metropolitan Magistrate to order registration of FIR No.380/2005 f…

The appellant, a shareholder and former director of Seva Vikas Co-operative Bank, filed FIR No. 806 of 2019 alleging financial fraud by the bank's chief executive and former chairperson based on a forensic audit report. The Bombay High Court quashed the FIR, holding that Section 81(5B) of the Maharashtra Co-operative S…

The second respondent filed an application under Section 438 of the Code of Criminal Procedure seeking anticipatory bail for alleged offences under IPC sections 406, 420, 467 and 468. The Patna High Court granted the bail but, in the same order, directed the cancellation of the licence of Kanchan Kumari, the appellant,…

The Supreme Court examined whether the continuous humiliation and taunting of an 18‑year‑old girl by her relatives amounted to abetment of suicide under Section 306 read with Section 34 of the IPC. The Court held that the accused’s repeated insults, aimed at destroying the victim’s self‑esteem, constituted instigation …

The appellant, Sanjeev Kumar Gupta, alleged that his son was murdered and that the accused, the second respondent, was a juvenile at the time of the offence. The accused claimed juvenility based on a CBSE matriculation certificate showing a birth date of 17‑12‑1998, while school records, a transfer certificate, Aadhaar…

The appellants Ranjit Kumar Haldar and Mamta Mohanta were convicted for the murder of Netai Mohanta, whose body was found concealed under wooden flooring in a house they had rented. The prosecution relied on the discovery of the body, statements of witnesses, and a disclosure statement by the wife of the deceased. The …

The case concerned Sukh Ram, a Gram Sewak, who was alleged to have forged loan applications and misappropriated government funds between 1983 and 1986. During the investigation, an executive magistrate obtained specimen signatures of two witnesses, which were later compared by a handwriting expert who testified that th…

The appellant Devraj was convicted under Section 302 IPC for murdering his cousin amid a land dispute. The prosecution relied on three eye‑witnesses, two of whom were declared hostile, but their testimony was corroborated by other evidence showing Devraj’s assault on the victim. The defence argued that hostile witness …

The appellant, Kantilal Martaji Pandor, was married to two women; his second wife, Amriben, wrote a letter to the police alleging financial exploitation, starvation and threats, and subsequently died by jumping into a well. An FIR was lodged under Sections 498A and 306 IPC, leading to his conviction on both counts by t…

The appellant was charged under Sections 364, 302 and 201 of the Indian Penal Code for the murder of a six‑year‑old girl. The prosecution relied on five circumstantial facts: the child was last seen with the accused, the accused made an extra‑judicial confession, a blood‑stained shirt recovered at the accused’s request…

The State of Haryana appealed the acquittal of Shibu alias Shiv Narain and two others who were charged with murder of Vijay under IPC s.302, s.34. The trial court had convicted them, but the Punjab & Haryana High Court acquitted, holding that the alleged eye‑witnesses were not present and that the prosecution’s version…

The appellant, B.C. Deva, was convicted by the Sessions Court and the Karnataka High Court for forcible sexual assault under Section 376 of the Indian Penal Code, based primarily on the oral testimony of the prosecutrix and corroboration by her parents and independent witnesses. The appellant appealed to the Supreme Co…

The case arose from a dowry‑related dispute in which the complainant’s statement before the trial court differed from the statement recorded during investigation. An application under Section 311 of the CrPC seeking a fresh recording of the complainant’s statement was rejected by the trial court as an attempt to fill g…

The State of U.P. appealed the Allahabad High Court's acquittal of Mushtaq Alam, who was charged with murder under IPC s.302. The trial court had convicted him based on the testimony of an eye‑witness (PW‑1) and two other witnesses, but the High Court acquitted him, finding the witnesses' accounts unreliable and contra…

The appellants, the husband and his parents, were convicted for the suicide of their wife, who allegedly suffered dowry‑related cruelty. The trial court sentenced them under Sections 304‑B (dowry death) and 498‑A (cruelty) of the IPC, and the High Court reduced the sentence but upheld the convictions. On appeal, the Su…

The appellant, P.V. Radhakrishna, was convicted of murdering his wife by setting her on fire after a domestic quarrel. The deceased, Smt. Dharni, suffered extensive second and third degree burns and, while being treated in hospital, gave a statement in the presence of a police officer and a doctor, which was treated as…

Hasmukhbhai Patel was fatally injured on 12 August 1993 after a quarrel with Dhirajbhai Gorakhbhai Nayak, who was alleged to have assaulted him while he slept. The deceased's wife (PW I) and son (PW 3) testified that they saw the accused delivering blows, while a friend (PW 2) gave a contradictory statement. The FIR wa…

The State of Madhya Pradesh appealed the acquittal of Sardar, who had been convicted of murder under Section 302 read with Section 34 of the IPC. The High Court had set aside the conviction on the ground that, because two other accused had been given the benefit of doubt, Sardar should also receive the same benefit. Th…

The appellant, a former Chief Justice of the Madras High Court, was charged under the Prevention of Corruption Act, 1947 for possessing assets disproportionate to his known income. He sought to quash the criminal proceedings, arguing that judges are not "public servants" under the Act and that no prior sanction was req…

The State of Madhya Pradesh appealed the acquittal of lorry drivers, cleaners and a coolie who were intercepted while transporting fertiliser bags from Indore to Maharashtra without the permit required under the Fertiliser (Movement Control) Order, 1973. The trial court held that the prosecution had not proved mens rea…

The Supreme Court examined whether a 1973 notification that conferred the powers of a Deputy Superintendent of Police under the Motor Vehicles Act, 1939 on the General Manager of Haryana Roadways was valid. The petitioners, private motor transport operators, argued that the appointment violated their fundamental right …

Syad Akbar, a bus driver, was convicted under Section 304A IPC for the death of a four‑year‑old girl who was struck when he swerved his bus to avoid her. The prosecution’s eye‑witnesses were treated as hostile and their testimony was discarded by the trial court. On appeal, the Supreme Court held that hostile witnesses…

The appellants, Rahil and Noor Ahmed, were convicted of murder under Section 302 IPC after the Delhi High Court reversed their trial‑court acquittal. The prosecution's case was based on circumstantial evidence that the deceased had called the co‑accused Suraiya and allegedly went to her residence, where he was later fo…

The respondents, including Jaspal Singh Gill, were charged under sections 3, 5 and 9 of the Official Secrets Act, 1923 read with section 120‑B of the Indian Penal Code for allegedly passing classified military information to a foreign agency. While the trial was pending, Gill applied for bail before the Additional Sess…

The appellant, Gour Acharjee, was convicted for the murder of his wife Soma Acharjee, who died after being subjected to severe dowry-related torture. The prosecution alleged that Soma was beaten, sustaining head and chest injuries, and subsequently hanged to simulate suicide, while the defence claimed a voluntary suici…

The appellant, a 25‑year‑old student, was charged under IPC sections 376, 376(2)(n), 377, 504 and 506 for allegedly forcing sexual intercourse on a promise of marriage. The complainant, a previously married woman with a four‑year‑old child, claimed the appellant entered her house and had sexual relations after assuring…

The appellants Sunil Kumar and others were convicted under IPC sections 363, 366 and 376(1) and sentenced to separate terms of rigorous imprisonment without any indication whether the sentences should run concurrently or consecutively. Both the trial court and the High Court failed to specify the mode of running of the…

The appellant was convicted of rape under IPC s.376 based solely on the testimony of the prosecutrix, Indira, whose statement was recorded under Section 164 CrPC. The appellant appealed, arguing that the prosecutrix's evidence contained material contradictions, lacked corroboration, and was unreliable, especially given…

Mukut Bihari and another were accused of demanding a Rs.100 bribe for issuing a discharge ticket in a hospital. A trap was organised, the complainant handed the money to the accused, and both were arrested. The trial court convicted them under Sections 7, 13(1)(d) r/w 13(2) of the Prevention of Corruption Act, 1988, Se…

The appellant, a mother‑in‑law, was accused of repeatedly torturing her daughter‑in‑law over dowry demands, leading the young woman to commit suicide by poison. The trial court convicted her under Sections 304B and 498A IPC and Sections 3 and 4 of the Dowry Prohibition Act, but the High Court acquitted her of those off…

Rahul Kumar Yadav was convicted under Sections 302 and 394 of the IPC and Section 27(2) of the Arms Act, receiving a death sentence which was later commuted to life imprisonment. He claimed that he was a juvenile at the time of the alleged offence (27 July 2011) and filed applications under Section 7‑A of the Juvenile …

The appellant was convicted of raping his nine‑year‑old daughter under Sections 376, 377 and 506 of the IPC and sentenced to life imprisonment, with the trial judge adding a rider that no clemency could be granted before he served twenty years. The Delhi High Court affirmed the conviction and the same rider, and the ap…

The petitioner, Rajan, was convicted of multiple offences including dacoity, murder, and illegal possession of arms, receiving seven years' rigorous imprisonment for IPC 395, five years' rigorous imprisonment under the Arms Act, and life imprisonment for three counts of IPC 302 and four counts of IPC 307. He sought pre…

The accused Naresh, Suresh, Ashish and Rajendra were charged with attempting to murder and causing hurt by attacking Tej Singh with an axe in 1998. The Sessions Court acquitted them, but the High Court set aside the acquittal and convicted them under IPC sections 307/34, 323/34, 324/34 and 504, imposing imprisonment an…

The appellant Baliraj Singh and co‑accused were convicted for murder under Sections 302 and 34 of the IPC based on the testimony of three eyewitnesses who were relatives of the deceased and on a post‑mortem report indicating a fatal wound caused by a sharp object. The Supreme Court found serious contradictions among th…

The State of Madhya Pradesh appealed against the High Court's order quashing an FIR registered under Sections 307 and 34 of the IPC against Assistant Sub‑Inspector Rajveer Singh and others for allegedly shooting and beating a complainant. Rajveer Singh had filed a petition under Section 482 of the CrPC seeking to quash…

The petitioner, a wife, filed a dowry complaint against her husband and his family and later sought further investigation of her stridhan property and a palmtop communicator under Section 173(8) of the Cr.P.C. The magistrate ordered the investigating officer to conduct this additional inquiry under the supervision of a…

The Union of India moved a writ petition under Art. 32 seeking to quash a Tamil Nadu Government letter proposing remission of life sentences for seven convicts in the Rajiv Gandhi assassination case, after the Supreme Court had earlier commuted death sentences of three of them to life imprisonment. The Court examined w…

The Supreme Court examined the convictions of three accused in a kidnapping‑for‑ransom case. It upheld the life‑sentence convictions of Gautam Kumar (A2) and Vijay Ranglal Chorasiya (A5), finding that eyewitness testimony, telephone‑booth records and voice‑spectrography reliably proved their guilt beyond reasonable dou…

Manjeet Singh and two companions were charged with murder (Sec. 302 IPC), attempted murder, and offences under the Arms Act after firing a carbine in a hotel hall, killing Rajnish (Rintu) and injuring others. The trial court convicted Singh under Sec. 302, Sec. 324 IPC and Sec. 27 of the Arms Act; the High Court affirm…

The Supreme Court, hearing Special Leave Petition (Cr.) No. 5073 of 2011 filed by the State of Karnataka against Shivanna, observed the persistent incidence of rape and the inadequacy of existing procedural mechanisms. It noted the absence of a fast‑track procedure for rape cases despite the existence of Fast‑Track Cou…

The appellant husband was convicted under IPC sections 306 (abetment of suicide) and 498A (cruelty) read with section 34 for harassing his wife over dowry, leading her to set herself on fire and die. The prosecution’s case rested on the victim’s dying declaration, recorded by police before an Executive Magistrate while…

The appellants, Baskaran (A‑1) and an associate (A‑2), were charged with raping a girl and subsequently murdering her by strangulation. Both made extra‑judicial confessions to Village Administrative Officers, which were recorded in writing and witnessed by PW‑11 and PW‑14, although the latter later turned hostile on ce…

The appellant Dinesh was convicted for the death of his wife Manju Bala, who committed suicide by ingesting a pesticide within four years of marriage. The prosecution alleged that Dinesh and his brothers repeatedly harassed the deceased for additional dowry items such as a television and a gold chain, and barred her pa…

The case arose from an agrarian dispute over irrigation water where seven accused assaulted the complainant and his nephew, resulting in the nephew's death. The trial court convicted all accused under Sections 147, 323/149 and 302/149 IPC and imposed life imprisonment for the murder charge. On appeal, the Supreme Court…

Laut Kumar Yadav alias Kuri was convicted for murdering an 18‑year‑old girl and attempting to rape her. The prosecution relied on circumstantial evidence: a sniffer‑dog trail, recovery of a blood‑stained sickle and the accused’s clothes, and prior eve‑teasing of the victim. The trial court sentenced him to death under …

Prem Kaur, a labourer, was abducted, beaten and allegedly raped by a father, his son and others. She was hospitalized, but the FIR was lodged three days later. The trial court acquitted the accused, citing the delay in filing the FIR and the improbability of a father and son raping together, without providing reasoned …

Shankar Kisanrao Khade, aged about 52, and his wife abducted an 11‑year‑old girl with moderate intellectual disability, repeatedly raped her and later strangulated her to death. The trial court and the High Court convicted Khade under IPC sections 302, 376, 366‑A, 363 r/w s.34 and sentenced him to death, while his wife…

The appellants Asharam and four others were alleged to have ambushed Nandan, Tikaram and Koshabai in a field, assaulting them with a spear (ballam) and lathis, causing multiple serious injuries. The trial court acquitted them, citing contradictions in the eye‑witness statements and questioning the timing of the FIR. Th…

The appellants Budhan Singh and others were convicted under Section 201 of the Indian Penal Code for causing the disappearance of evidence after allegedly snatching away the injured deceased’s body from a cot at the scene of a shooting. The prosecution alleged that the accused, armed and present, assisted in removing t…

The appellant Jitendra Ram (Jitu) was convicted of murder and abetment of suicide under Sections 302 and 201 of the IPC and sentenced to life imprisonment. He contended before the Supreme Court that he was a minor at the time of the offence (18‑11‑1985) and therefore entitled to the protection of the Bihar Children Act…

Bir Singh approached a police out‑post seeking police escort to his village amid a reported faction fight. The Assistant Sub‑Inspector declined, asking him to stay, after which Bir Singh assaulted the officer with a khukhri, inflicting multiple grievous injuries. The assault was witnessed by two constables who overpowe…

The appellant, an Assistant Engineer, removed a tea stall from a hospital campus on the explicit direction of the Executive Engineer, in accordance with a government policy to eliminate kiosks for public health reasons. A complaint was filed by the stall owner's husband, but it made no allegation against the appellant;…

The complainant filed a criminal complaint under Section 138 of the Negotiable Instruments Act, 1881 and Sections 420 and 114 of the Indian Penal Code against Gujarat State Fertilizer Co. Ltd. and several of its employees and directors. The accused filed applications before the Chief Judicial Magistrate seeking to have…

The Secretary of a Gram Panchayat was prosecuted for offences under the IPC and the Prevention of Corruption Act. He moved the High Court under Section 482 CrPC to quash the prosecution, arguing that no sanction under Section 122 of the Kerala Panchayat Act was obtained. The High Court first dismissed the petition on 3…

The Supreme Court heard a contempt petition filed by Murray & Co. against Ashok K.R. Newatia and others after the respondents filed an affidavit in a transfer petition falsely claiming that the petitioner had not sold or dealt with the disputed immovable property, contrary to the facts. The Court examined whether such …

The Supreme Court examined the rape of a minor girl by Kamal Kishore, whose conviction was upheld by the Himachal Pradesh High Court but the sentence was reduced to three years under the proviso of Section 376 IPC, citing the offence's age and the accused's settled life as "adequate and special reasons." The Court foun…

Kuldeep Singh, Mahendra Singh, Uttam Chand and Surjeet Kaur were charged with the murder of Sohan Singh. The prosecution alleged that Singh's objection to an illicit relationship between Kuldeep and Surjeet, and to her attempt to sell her share of the house, provided motive for a conspiracy to kill. The accused lured t…

The State of Tamil Nadu appealed to the Supreme Court seeking to uphold criminal revision petitions filed in the Madras High Court against the trial of Selvi J. Jayalalitha. The accused, through counsel, requested permission to withdraw those revision petitions without prejudice to her right to raise all contentions af…

The case concerned a violent incident on 22 September 1990 in which five accused formed an unlawful assembly and attacked two victims, resulting in the deaths of Mohan and Sekhar. The prosecution charged the accused under various sections of the Indian Penal Code, including murder (302) and attempted murder (307). The …

In the 1987 Kerala Legislative Assembly election, M.J. Zakharia (appellant) was declared elected over T.M. Mohammed (first respondent). The respondent filed an election petition alleging two corrupt practices: a pamphlet re‑printing a 1983 newspaper item and a wall‑poster accusing the respondent of murder, both claimed…

Kashmeri Devi, the widow of a tonga driver who died in police custody, alleged that two sub‑inspectors and two constables beat her husband to death after arresting him. A complaint was filed and the case was initially registered under IPC Section 302, later converted to Section 304 and subsequently to Sections 323/342,…

In July 2020, a group of tribal youths attacked non‑tribal youngsters playing basketball in Lawsohtun, Meghalaya. Journalist Patricia Mukhim posted a Facebook message condemning the attack and urging the state government and police to act, which was complained about as hate speech. An FIR was lodged under Sections 153A…

The appellant, Pavan Vasudeo Sharma, was arrested during a raid on a kidnapping case and a 9 mm service pistol, live cartridges and two mobile phones were seized from him. The prosecution alleged that the pistol, originally belonging to a police Naik, was used to murder Bhima Waghmare and that the seized mobile phone w…

The appellants Vijay Singh and Hari Singh were part of a group that assaulted the deceased with various weapons, each inflicting one injury—Vijay with a ballam to the face and Hari with a farsa to the neck. The deceased sustained five injuries and died from excessive bleeding and shock, as per the post‑mortem report. T…

The appellants were convicted for conspiracy, cheating, forgery of a palmolein oil permit and offences under the Prevention of Corruption Act and Essential Commodities Act. The prosecution alleged that accused A1, A2 and A4 had interpolated and forged the permit, relying mainly on handwriting identification by witnesse…

The Supreme Court examined a petition under Section 482 of the CrPC filed by several family members of a rice‑mill proprietor who were charged under IPC sections 406, 420 and 424 r/w 34 for allegedly cheating paddy suppliers. The High Court had rejected the petition, holding that a prima facie case existed against all …

The appellant Rajesh Pandey's wife died from burns five years after their marriage. The prosecution alleged that Pandey, his parents and sister harassed the wife for dowry and burned her to death by pouring keroselle. The trial court convicted all accused under IPC sections 3048 and 498A and under sections 3 and 4 of t…

Sarvsheel Mago alleged that a police officer (respondent No.4) in collusion with private individuals (respondents No.5 and 6) repeatedly searched his vehicle and falsely implicated him for possession of contraband drugs, despite no incriminating material being found. He filed a petition under Section 482 of the Crimina…

The appellant Pravin was convicted under IPC sections 395, 397 and 450 for a daylight bank dacoity, and under the Arms Act for possession of an unlicensed firearm. He challenged the conviction on the ground that the identification parade was a farce, photographs of the accused had been shown to witnesses, and the recov…

The appellant, Bavisetti Kameswara Rao, was part of a group that planned to kill SR after a prior quarrel. On the night of the incident, Rao, armed with a long sharp‑ended screw driver, plunged it into the victim's abdomen, causing a 12 cm deep wound that lacerated the liver and spleen, leading to death. The trial cour…

Ram Swaroop was convicted for murdering Sumer Singh after eyewitnesses (PW3 and PW4) testified that he stabbed the victim, leading to death. The defence argued that the medical post‑mortem report conflicted with the eyewitness accounts and should overturn the conviction. The Supreme Court held that oral testimony enjoy…

The State of Madhya Pradesh charged Sanjay Rai and his parents with offences under Sections 302, 3048 and 201 IPC for the death of Rai's wife, Anita Bai. The trial court convicted Rai under Section 3048, relying heavily on textbook opinions on medical jurisprudence to infer strangulation. On appeal, the High Court acqu…

The case involved a dacoity on 22 December 1987 at the house of Sanfula Devi, during which three persons were murdered and valuables stolen. The trial court convicted twelve accused under Sections 396 and 120‑B IPC, and the High Court added convictions under Sections 302 and 34 IPC. The Supreme Court examined whether t…

The first accused in State of Maharashtra v. Shrishail Nageshi Pare was convicted of murder under Section 302 of the IPC by the Sessions Judge, a decision affirmed by the High Court. He filed Special Leave Petition (Criminal) No. 372 of 1985, challenging the High Court's view that an eye‑witness account was merely one …

The appellant was charged under the UAPA and related statutes, and the trial court declared five prosecution witnesses as protected under Section 44 of the UAPA and Section 173(6) of the CrPC, sealing their statements. The appellant later sought, under Section 207 of the CrPC, redacted copies of those statements so tha…

The appellant, Ram Vijay Singh, was convicted under IPC s.302 r/w s.34 for murder and claimed he was a juvenile at the time of the 20 July 1982 incident. He relied on a 1982 High Court bail order based on a radiologist’s report, an alleged age of 15½‑17½ years, and an arms‑licence application showing a birth date of 30…

The case concerned the murder of Ganeshram in July 1998, for which Devilal, his son Gokul and Amrat Ram (AR) were charged under IPC s.302 r/w s.34 and the SC/ST Act. The trial court relied on the FIR as a dying declaration and on eyewitness testimony of the victim's wife (PW1) and sister‑in‑law (PW2), corroborated by r…

The Life Insurance Corporation of India (LIC) issued a notice to show cause under Regulation 39(4) of its 1960 Staff Regulations seeking removal of employee Mukesh Poonamchand Shah after his conviction by a Special CBI Judge for offences under the Prevention of Corruption Act and the Indian Penal Code. Shah challenged …

The father of the deceased, Anand Singh, witnessed his son Partap being beaten to death with lathis and swords by several accused persons on 4 July 2003 and lodged an FIR the next morning. The accused argued that the FIR was delayed, they were falsely implicated, and that two witnesses named in the FIR were not examine…

Raj Kumar, a 32‑year‑old who was a regular visitor to a neighbour's house, was asked to stay overnight while the parents irrigated fields. He raped the 14‑year‑old girl Gounjhi, caused grievous injuries and she died of asphyxia by strangulation. A 10‑year‑old brother witnessed the assault; DNA analysis linked the appel…

A complaint alleging irregularities in construction works at the Madhya Pradesh Vidhan Sabha was investigated by the Lokayukt, which referred the matter to the Special Police Establishment (SPE) under the Prevention of Corruption Act. The Vidhan Sabha Secretary issued letters claiming a breach of legislative privilege …

The Society Common Cause filed a writ petition under Article 32 seeking a declaration that the "right to die with dignity" is a fundamental right under Article 21 and that persons should be allowed to execute a living will or attorney authorization to refuse life‑prolonging treatment. The petitioners argued that termin…

The father of a slain environmental activist filed a writ petition seeking transfer of the investigation into his son’s murder from the Gujarat police to an independent agency, alleging bias and protection of the accused, who was a sitting MP. The Gujarat High Court, after finding the state investigation unfair, partia…

The Maharashtra University of Health Sciences (MUHS) constituted a Grievance Committee under Section 53 of the Maharashtra University of Health Sciences Act, 1998 to address complaints of two unapproved lecturers (the 5th and 6th respondents) alleging sexual harassment and other mistreatment. The college and the two le…

The State of Uttar Pradesh appealed the acquittal of Dinesh, who had been convicted for murder under IPC s.302 and later acquitted by the Allahabad High Court. The High Court found material infirmities and contradictions in the testimony of two key eyewitnesses and noted that medical evidence contradicted the ocular ac…

The appellant Narayan was convicted for the murder of his wife Hunji and for causing the disappearance of evidence under Sections 302 and 201 of the Indian Penal Code. The dead body was discovered in a trunk at a bus stand, identified as Hunji, and the prosecution relied entirely on circumstantial evidence such as the …

The Supreme Court examined the murder of Prabha, for which seven accused were convicted under Section 302 IPC. The prosecution’s case rested primarily on the testimony of the victim’s mother (PW1), who narrated that the accused, armed with knives, had threatened and later chased and killed her son. Although several oth…

The appellants, a group of seven men, formed an unlawful assembly armed with knives and murdered Prabha, the son of PW‑1, after threatening him at the mother’s house. PW‑1, the mother, testified that the accused had previously killed her other son Babu and later threatened and killed Prabha; her testimony was corrobora…

Six accused, including Mubin and Amin, were alleged to have assaulted a person, stolen Rs.1.61 lakh and murdered a petrol pump owner. The trial court acquitted them of offences under Section 396 IPC and Sections 3 and 35 of the Arms Act. The State invoked Section 390 of the CrPC to have the High Court re‑arrest the acc…

The Supreme Court upheld the conviction of several accused who, amid a long‑standing family feud, assaulted and murdered Jagbandhan and Randhir and injured Mithan. The prosecution proved the offences under Sections 302, 149, 148 and 323 of the IPC using eye‑witness testimony, medical evidence and the existence of a com…

Vishal Singh and four accomplices attacked Kaluram and his relatives, inflicting fatal injuries with a knife. The trial court convicted Vishal Singh under Sections 302 and 341 of the IPC, a conviction upheld by the High Court. On appeal, the appellant argued that the killing occurred in a sudden quarrel, invoking Excep…

The child Noor Alam, about 1½ years old, was left in the custody of accused Liyakat, Zahira, Jeewani and Riyasat by his parents. Within three hours the child went missing and his body was later discovered buried in Liyakat's hut. The prosecution relied solely on circumstantial evidence – the child's custody, the rapid …

The State of Uttar Pradesh appealed against the Allahabad High Court’s order that dismissed its appeal against the trial court’s acquittal of the accused under IPC sections 147, 148, 149 and 302. The High Court had rejected the appeal without providing any reasons, merely stating that there was no ground to interfere. …

Medchl Chemicals & Pharma Ltd. entered into a supply agreement with Biological E. Ltd. for raw materials. The respondents allegedly failed to supply as promised, causing a loss of about one crore rupees to the petitioner, and the petitioner filed a criminal complaint under IPC sections 120B, 415, 418, 420 and 34. The A…

The petitioner, a wife, filed a writ under Article 32 challenging the constitutional validity of Sections 198(1) and 198(2) of the Criminal Procedure Code, arguing that the provision allowing only the husband of an adulteress to file a complaint under Section 497 of the IPC discriminates against women under Article 14.…

Param Hans Yadav and Sadanand Tripathi were convicted for the murder of Collector Mahesh Narain Prasad, Yadav having thrown a bomb and later confessing that he acted on Tripathi's orders. Yadav's confession, both judicial and extra‑judicial, was obtained after he was assaulted and was therefore not voluntary. The Supre…

Ram Chander was convicted of murder under Sections 302 and 34 of the IPC and sentenced to life imprisonment. On appeal, the High Court upheld his conviction while acquitting a co‑accused. The appellant argued that the Sessions Judge had violated the principle of a fair trial by rebuking and threatening key eyewitnesses…

The complainant, Manno Lal Jaiswal, filed an FIR alleging that his son was murdered by a group of accused who were named in the FIR and whose statements were recorded on the same day. The Sessions Court rejected the accused's bail applications, but the Allahabad High Court granted bail, erroneously stating that the acc…

The appellant, a retired Brigadier and trustee of a regimental welfare trust, was convicted for cheating in the sale of trust agricultural land. He sought to introduce a 1989 trust deed and a resolution authorising the sale as additional evidence under Section 391 of the CrPC during his appeal, but the trial and appell…

In 1988 the accused used a hockey stick to inflict injuries on Om Prakash and Ravinder Kumar. The trial court acquitted all five accused, but the High Court convicted four of them under Section 325 read with Section 34 of the Indian Penal Code, crediting the period they had already spent in custody and imposing a colle…

The case involved an alleged assault and murder of the father and nephew of PW‑1 (Kaldhari) by three accused (A‑1, A‑2, A‑3) using knives and spears. The prosecution’s case rested solely on the testimony of PW‑1 and two other eyewitnesses (PW‑2, PW‑3), who claimed to have identified the accused with the aid of a lanter…

The appellants, two fine‑art auctioneers, auctioned two paintings that were later seized by the Archaeological Survey of India (ASI) as antiques. The CBI, relying on the ASI report, registered an FIR under IPC s.120B and the Antiquities and Art Treasures Act, 1972 s.25(1) read with s.3, and filed a charge‑sheet. The ap…

Manoj Kumar Pradhan, a sitting MLA, was convicted under IPC sections 147, 326 read with 149 and sentenced to seven years' rigorous imprisonment. He and another convict appealed, and the Orissa High Court granted him bail on the same day, citing his status as an MLA. The appellant, Kanaka Rekha Naik, the wife of the dec…

The Supreme Court examined appeals against a Designated Court (TADA) judgment that convicted three men for the murder of Additional Collector L.D. Arora under the IPC and acquitted them of TADA charges. The key issues were the admissibility of confessional statements made by co‑accused under TADA s.15 against an accuse…

The appellant was accused of raping his daughter-in-law in the family home on 2 April 1989, an incident allegedly witnessed by several family members and resulting in the victim's bleeding. The trial court convicted him under Section 376 of the Indian Penal Code and sentenced him to seven years' rigorous imprisonment. …

The appellants Vikram Singh, Jasvir Singh and Sonia were convicted for kidnapping a 16‑year‑old boy, Abhi Verma, for ransom, administering chloroform and pentazocine which caused his death, and for conspiracy under Sections 302, 364A, 201 and 120‑8 IPC. The Supreme Court examined the sufficiency of circumstantial and e…

The appellants were part of a group that assaulted three persons, pouring acid on their faces and bodies, causing severe burns. They were convicted by the trial court under Section 307 IPC and sentenced to ten years' imprisonment. The High Court altered the conviction to Section 307 read with Section 34 IPC, maintainin…

Sunita Jain alleged that her husband Pawan Kumar Jain and his parents harassed her for dowry, physically and mentally torturing her, leading her to lodge an FIR. The trial court framed charges under IPC sections 498A, 506, 406, 34 and Dowry Prohibition Act sections 3 and 4. The High Court, invoking its inherent power u…

The appeal involved two convicted persons: the first under Section 326 of the IPC (a non‑compoundable offence) and the second under Section 324 IPC (compoundable with court permission). Both parties sought to compound the offences after reaching a settlement. The Supreme Court held that Section 320(9) of the CrPC bars …

The petitioners, all serving life sentences, claimed that having satisfied the detention periods prescribed in Paragraph 516‑B of the Punjab Jail Manual, they were entitled to have their cases considered for premature release. They argued that Paragraph 516‑B is a statutory rule and cannot be altered by the State Gover…

The appellants were convicted of murder based on circumstantial evidence that they had last seen the deceased alive, were seen walking near the crime scene, purchased meat, and allegedly pointed out the spot where a blood‑stained stone was recovered. The Supreme Court examined whether each circumstance was proved beyon…

The appellant, accused No.1, was convicted of murder (s.302 IPC) for stabbing the deceased during a heated verbal quarrel, while co‑accused No.2 and No.3 were acquitted. The issue before the Supreme Court was whether the appellant's act fell under Exception 4 to s.300 IPC, thereby constituting culpable homicide not amo…

The Supreme Court examined an appeal by three college officials charged under Section 306 of the IPC for alleged abetment of suicide after a student, Gaurav Wahi, was suspended and asked to deposit a security amount as part of disciplinary action. The student subsequently committed suicide, sending an SMS to his brothe…

The case involved a violent assault on the house of an informant during Holi, resulting in the death of Dhanpal. Thirteen persons were charged under IPC sections 147, 148, 149, 450, 452, 302 and 307. The trial court convicted all of them, but the High Court upheld convictions only of two accused and acquitted the remai…

The State of Bihar appealed against the High Court’s order granting bail to Rajballav Prasad, an under‑trial accused charged with multiple serious offences under the IPC, POCSO Act and Immoral Traffic Act. The accused had initially evaded arrest, later surrendered, and his bail application was rejected by the trial cou…