Indian Penal Code, 1860

Shamsher Singh Verma was charged under IPC 354 and the POCSO Act for allegedly molesting his nine‑year‑old niece. The accused filed an application under Section 294 of the CrPC to have a compact disc containing a recorded conversation between the victim's father, the accused's son and his wife played in court and sent …

The appellant, Ram Chandra Bhaghat, was convicted under Section 493 of the Indian Penal Code for deceitfully inducing a belief of lawful marriage and cohabiting with the complainant for nine years, during which they had two children. The appellant argued that no belief of a lawful marriage was induced, contending that …

The appellant was charged under Section 376 of the Indian Penal Code for raping a girl aged 10‑12 years. The trial court acquitted him due to lack of medical proof, but the High Court set aside the acquittal, finding the victim’s and her mother’s statements credible and interpreting the medical report as indicating par…

The deceased Kayyum gave three dying declarations after being assaulted. The first (before a doctor) and second (before a magistrate) named Syed Shaukat and Salim but not Mohammed Arshad; the third (before an investigating officer) named Arshad as having struck the victim with a wooden stick, citing a monetary dispute.…

The appellant was convicted for kidnapping two boys and for offences under Sections 364 and 365 IPC, read with Sections 120‑B and 201 IPC. The trial court sentenced him to ten years each for the two counts of kidnapping (total 20 years) and the High Court upheld the conviction and ordered the sentences to run consecuti…

Vikramjit Singh (Vicky) was convicted by the Sessions Court and sentenced to death for the murder of his wife, Meena Rani, based on a prosecution case that alleged he killed her due to an illicit relationship. The prosecution relied on a knife allegedly recovered after a confession, jewellery found nearby, and a series…

The appellants were convicted for kidnapping and murdering two children based largely on circumstantial evidence, including the testimony of a child witness, a taxi driver, extra‑judicial confessions, fingerprint matches, recovered clothing, and a ransom‑demand letter. The trial and High Courts upheld the convictions a…

The accused were charged under Sections 302 and 34 IPC and Section 27 of the Arms Act for the murder of Shivnandan Prasad. Eye‑witnesses identified Brijandan Prasad as the sole shooter, while the other four accused were alleged to have participated in brick‑batting but not in firing. The defence argued that discrepanci…

The appellant, the brother of the deceased Achamma, alleged that his sister’s death was not a natural heart‑failure but a murder concealed as suicide. After exhumation and a post‑mortem indicating organophosphorus poisoning, the CB‑CID investigated and charged the husband under Section 306 IPC (abetment of suicide) and…

The appellant, Anil Raju Namdev Patil, was convicted of kidnapping a five‑year‑old boy for ransom, the boy’s murder and related offences, and sentenced to death and five years’ rigorous imprisonment. He appealed, arguing that the charge of kidnapping for ransom with intent to murder (Section 364‑A IPC) was never framed…

Four brothers, including the deceased, were moving cattle through a field owned by Sonaram when Jalaram and six other accused, who were hiding in the field, assaulted them with lathis. Jalaram delivered a single blow to the deceased's forehead, causing instant death. The trial court convicted Jalaram under Sections 147…

The accused, a taxi driver, was convicted of raping a girl, Pushpa, who was allegedly under 16 years of age. Two dates of birth were on record – 29‑Nov‑1964 from municipal and hospital registers and 29‑Jun‑1963 from a school leaving certificate. A medical officer’s ossification test suggested the girl was 18‑19 years o…

During a flag ceremony near a temple, a dispute arose when an appellant's stick struck a participant, leading to a quarrel. The deceased intervened and was subsequently assaulted with lathis and stones, and trampled, resulting in multiple fractures and a fatal liver injury caused by a rib puncturing the liver. The tria…

The appellant Shriram and seven others were convicted for rioting and the murder of Hemraj, with the trial court finding them guilty under Sections 302 and 149 IPC. They claimed to have sustained injuries and pleaded right of private defence, arguing that the prosecution had failed to explain those injuries. The Suprem…

The State alleged that the Tamil Nadu Small Industries Corporation (TANSI) sold land at a price below market value to a firm in which the Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu and her associate were partners, thereby causing wrongful loss to the corporation and wrongful gain to the accused. The trial court convicted the accused…

Ishvarbhai Fuljibhai Patni was convicted under Section 302 IPC and sentenced to life imprisonment. He appealed to the Gujarat High Court, which dismissed his appeal in a brief, cryptic judgment that merely affirmed the conviction without discussing the evidence or the arguments raised. The Supreme Court held that a Hig…

The case arose from FIR No. 735 (8 November 1993) alleging dowry death of Sunita, wife of Anil Kumar. The Additional Sessions Judge, Rohtak, granted anticipatory bail under Section 438 CrPC to the parents and brother of the husband, noting that they lived separately from the deceased as evidenced by the FIR and ration …

Ashok Sirpal was convicted under the IPC and the Prevention of Corruption Act for embezzling Rs 46 lakhs and was sentenced to seven years rigorous imprisonment (concurrent) and a fine of Rs 95 lakhs, with a default term of simple imprisonment for non‑payment of the fine. He appealed to the Delhi High Court, which suspe…

The appellants Imrat Singh and others were convicted by the trial court and the High Court for offences under Sections 148, 149 and 302 of the Indian Penal Code based primarily on the testimony of two eye‑witnesses, PW‑10 and PW‑11. On appeal, the Supreme Court examined the statements of these witnesses and found numer…

The case involved the murder of Zahida Begum and her son Ishlam, whose bodies were recovered from a septic tank after appellant No.1, Asar Mohammad, confessed and led police to the site. The trial court convicted all three accused under Sections 302 and 201 IPC, sentencing them to death (later commuted to life). On app…

The trial court convicted Rajaram for raping a minor who later died by suicide, invoking Sections 376(1) and 306 of the IPC. The High Court set aside the conviction, relying primarily on the testimony of the deceased's 12‑year‑old sister and her father, and acquitted the accused. The State appealed, arguing that the ch…

The husband, Ramachandra Reddy, murdered his wife Sujatha in a hotel in Pondicherry and subsequently committed suicide. Charges under IPC sections 302, 498A read with 34 were framed against him and his parents, Vidyasagar and Narasamma Reddy. After the husband's death, the charge against him abated, and the parents sou…

The appellant Joginder Singh was tried along with two others for murder, attempted murder and offences under the Arms Act arising from a land dispute that escalated into a shooting. The trial court acquitted all three accused, finding contradictions between eyewitness testimony, the ballistic report and the fact that t…

The appellant, Sita Ram, filed an FIR alleging that Balbir (respondent No.1), an ex‑MLA, led a mob of 30‑35 armed men to his shop over a donation dispute, resulting in the death of his brother‑in‑law and injuries to several others. The Additional Sessions Judge rejected Balbir’s bail application, but the High Court lat…

Dr. Kunal Saha filed a consumer complaint after his wife died while being treated for toxic epidermal necrolysis at AMRI Hospital. The National Consumer Disputes Redressal Commission held the hospital and four doctors negligent but reduced the claim, deducted 10% for alleged contributory negligence and awarded only Rs.…

The State of Andhra Pradesh appealed the acquittal of M. Madhusudhan Rao, who was charged under Section 498A IPC for allegedly harassing his wife and forcing her to consume poison to extract an additional dowry of Rs 50,000. The trial court had convicted him, but the High Court set aside the conviction on re‑appraisal …

The State of Maharashtra appealed against the High Court’s order acquitting Ahmed Shaikh Babajan and four co‑accused of murder (Sec. 302 r/w Sec. 34 IPC) and house‑breaking (Sec. 456 r/w Sec. 109 IPC). The facts involved a dispute over possession of a flat, the alleged assault and death of the tenant’s son, and claims …

M/s Hanu Motel Pvt. Ltd. entered into a loan agreement with U.P. Financial Corporation which was later cancelled and a demand notice issued. The company filed a suit in 2001, naming itself and its director Ram Raj Singh as plaintiffs, and obtained an interim injunction. During the appeal, the company removed Ram Raj Si…

The appellant R. Kalyani lodged an FIR under Sections 409, 420 and 468 read with Section 34 IPC against three respondents, alleging that the third respondent operated her account without consent and forged a letter, while the first two senior officers of the company were claimed to be vicariously liable. The respondent…

Six armed men formed an unlawful assembly with the common object of killing Balan. They inflicted multiple injuries on his arms and legs, and he later died. The trial court convicted accused No.1 (the appellant) and others under Section 302 read with Section 34 IPC, along with other offences. The High Court acquitted a…

The respondents, convicted of offences including murder under the IPC, appealed their convictions and sought suspension of their sentences under Section 389 of the CrPC. The Rajasthan High Court granted suspension and bail without recording any written reasons. The Supreme Court held that Section 389 mandates that the …

The appellants were convicted for murder under IPC s.304(Part I) read with s.34 based primarily on the deceased's statements recorded in the FIR and under s.161 CrPC, which the trial and High Courts treated as dying declarations under s.32 of the Evidence Act. The Supreme Court examined the principles governing dying d…

The appellant Iqbal and a co-accused were charged with kidnapping and raping a girl who was under 14 years of age. The trial court convicted both under Sections 366A and 376 of the Indian Penal Code (IPC) read with Section 34, and the High Court affirmed the conviction of Iqbal while acquitting the co-accused. On appea…

The Society (St. Theresa's Tender Loving Care Home) sought permission to place a five‑year‑old girl, Sahiti, for inter‑country adoption by two U.S. residents. The child was said to have been relinquished by her mother, but the relinquishment deed was later found to be fabricated and the Society had been prosecuted for …

The accused, Kuntala Mishra, a midwife, was alleged to have murdered her daughter‑in‑law Geeta by strangulating her with a petticoat string after a dowry dispute. Geeta had undergone a D&C operation and was under the effect of phenargan, rendering her drowsy. She was found dead in the accused's quarters; the accused cl…

The appellant, Anukul Singh, challenged a FIR and charge sheet filed under Sections 420, 467 and 468 IPC alleging cheating and forgery arising from a dispute over a loan and property ownership. He contended that the FIR was a retaliatory measure linked to a civil dispute over land possession and that the complainant ha…

The appellants Sunil (Accused No.1) and Nitin (Accused No.4) were convicted by the trial court and the Delhi High Court for murder under Section 302 read with Section 34 of the IPC, based on a FIR lodged after a violent altercation that resulted in the death of Sachin. The prosecution proved that the injuries causing d…

The Supreme Court examined whether the phrase “any property” in Section 102 of the Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973 includes immovable property. It held that the provision confers power only to seize movable property, as the word “seize” implies taking physical custody, which is impossible for immovable assets. The Cou…

The appellant filed a private complaint under Section 200 CrPC alleging forgery and fraud in connection with a machinery supply contract, leading the magistrate to take cognizance of offences under Sections 425, 468 and 471 IPC. The respondents obtained a stay of the cognizance by invoking Section 195(1)(b)(ii) CrPC, a…

The petitioners sought Supreme Court monitoring of a CBI investigation into the alleged police encounter killing of Dara Singh, claiming the investigation was incomplete. The CBI had completed its inquiry, filed a charge‑sheet against 16 accused, and the trial had commenced in the Sessions Court. The respondents argued…

The petitioner, convicted under Sections 420 and 120‑B IPC, sought quashing of the FIR under Section 482 of the CrPC on the ground that the dispute with the victim had been settled, although the offences were non‑compoundable under Section 320. The larger Bench examined the scope of the High Court's inherent power unde…

The case arose from a tripartite agreement between the Fertilizer Corporation of India Ltd (FCIL), Indian Explosives Ltd (IEL) and Bharat Coking Coal Ltd (BCCL) for the supply of ammonium nitrate. IEL later filed a criminal complaint alleging that senior FCIL officials (the appellants) and a third party suppressed the …

The deceased, Renuka, died from burns after an alleged incident where her husband doused her with kerosene. A dying declaration was recorded by a magistrate on the night of the incident, in which she accused her husband of the act. The trial court convicted the husband under Sections 302 (murder) and 498A (dowry harass…

The appellant, Naren Chandra Naskar, challenged the registration of his sale deed, alleging forgery, after a criminal complaint was filed by the District Registrar. Both his deed and the respondent's deed were recorded with identical registration details, prompting the Calcutta High Court to order an enquiry by the Dis…

The State prosecuted four accused for a dacoity during which the deceased was murdered, alleging that the accused were identified at the scene by the victim (PW‑I) and other witnesses using torchlight and a gaslight. The trial court convicted them under Sections 302, 149, 148, 323 and 395 of the IPC and sentenced them …

The Supreme Court examined whether prisoners sentenced to rigorous imprisonment may be compelled to perform hard labour without consent and what wages they are entitled to under Article 23 of the Constitution. It held that such labour is lawful as it serves a public purpose of reform and rehabilitation, but prisoners m…

Samaresh Bose authored the novel "Prajapati" which was published in the Bengali journal Desh and later as a book. Amal Mitra complained that the work was obscene under IPC s.292 read with s.109, leading to the conviction of the author and the publisher Sitangshu Kumar Dasgupta by a magistrate and affirmation by the Cal…

The appellant Mukesh Singh was convicted of murder, robbery and related offences based primarily on the identification of the injured eyewitness Sushil Kumar, who identified him in court after the accused had refused to attend a test identification parade (TIP). The accused argued that his refusal to participate in the…

The appellant, an Executive Engineer of the Jharkhand State Electricity Board (JSEB), was accused of financial irregularities and fraud in connection with the implementation of an arbitration award favoring Ramjee Power Construction Limited (RPCL). The prosecution alleged that he prepared an agenda for appointing an ar…

The appellant, Rajbir Singh, was convicted under Section 302 IPC for allegedly poisoning his neighbour's wife by mixing organophosphorus into milk he supplied. The prosecution relied on circumstantial evidence, including a loan motive, alleged pronote, and chemical reports indicating poison in milk and viscera. The Sup…

The State of Maharashtra alleged that the appellants were members of an organized crime syndicate operating the illegal "Mumbai Matka" gambling network. Police raided a gambling den, recorded confessions of several accused, including the appellants, by an Additional Superintendent of Police (Addl. SP) under Section 18 …

An FIR (No.477) recorded the death of Amarjit Singh and injuries to his nephew Manjeet Singh, naming five persons as perpetrators. Only one accused, Sartaj Singh, was charge‑sheeted; the other four private respondents were placed in column‑2. During trial, the victim (PW1) reiterated the allegations against the private…

Harjit Singh filed an FIR alleging that his father was murdered by a group of accused, including Inderpreet Singh (respondent No.1), who was alleged to have orchestrated the conspiracy from jail using a mobile phone. The High Court granted bail to Inderpreet Singh, reasoning that he was not physically present at the cr…

The appellant, Lala @ Anurag Prakash Aasre, was convicted for murder, unlawful assembly and related offences after a group assault with sharp weapons that resulted in the death of Balu Mandpe and injuries to several witnesses. The key dispute was that the appellant’s name was absent from the FIR, though he was identifi…

Saranya appealed the Madras High Court's order that quashed the chargesheet against Bharathi (respondent No.1) for offences under Sections 420, 302 r/w 109 IPC. The High Court had examined the evidence and concluded that the accused was likely to be convicted, thereby exercising its power under Section 482 CrPC to dism…

Dr. Subramanian Swamy filed a criminal complaint alleging that former Finance Minister P. Chidambaram conspired with Telecom Minister A. Raja in the 2G spectrum scam, seeking to make Chidambaram an accused under the Prevention of Corruption Act. The Special Judge, after examining the material, found no evidence of Chid…

Sudha Verma, the widow of Rajesh Kumar, appealed against the Allahabad High Court's grant of bail to Dinesh Kumar (respondent No.2), who was alleged to have shot and killed his elder brother during a family dispute over property partition. The High Court had held that the offence fell under Section 304 Part II of the I…

Sukhdeo Pandey, an Extra‑Departmental Branch Post Master (EDBPM), cleared a promotion exam to the post of Postman in 1969 but the selection was cancelled due to alleged irregularities. A criminal case was later filed against him, cleared, and he was arbitrarily removed from service in 1977; the removal order was set as…

The appellant Jagdishmura was charged under Section 307 IPC for allegedly firing a pistol at the neck of PW‑2, a driver, in an attempt to murder him. The trial court acquitted him, finding the key witnesses’ statements contradictory, the motive unestablished, and the FIR ante‑dated and improperly investigated. The High…

The appellants, a group of villagers, forcibly took the deceased Baijnath Singh and his brother onto a boat, assaulted Singh, resulting in his death; the body was recovered after five days and identified by several eye‑witnesses. The trial court convicted the accused under Sections 302, 34 and 201 IPC, a decision affir…

The appellants, two brothers, were convicted of murder (Sec. 302 IPC) and causing hurt (Sec. 324 IPC) for the death of their uncle Devaji and injuries to his children during a property‑related dispute. They claimed they acted in private defence after being attacked by the deceased and his son, who allegedly came armed.…

The appellant, Gilbert Pereira, was accused of murdering a young girl and robbing her of gold ornaments. The prosecution relied entirely on circumstantial evidence, including the victim’s body found in a house the appellant could access, blood‑stained clothes and knife matching the victim’s blood group, injuries on the…

Fourteen schoolchildren drowned during a picnic on the banks of the Beas River after teachers deputed to escort them allowed the children to stray into deep water. The teachers were convicted under Section 304A IPC and the High Court ordered the school to pay Rs.5 lakh compensation to each bereaved parent. On appeal, t…

The State of Himachal Pradesh appealed the acquittal of a 17‑year‑old accused who was found not guilty of raping his 13‑14‑year‑old niece. The trial court had held that the girl was over 16 and had consented, while the High Court affirmed this view. The Supreme Court examined medical reports, dental and radiological ag…

The appellant, a partner in a firm, filed a criminal complaint alleging offences under Sections 405, 406 and 408 IPC against two former partners. A civil suit for dissolution of the partnership and accounts was simultaneously pending. The respondents moved the Punjab & Haryana High Court under Section 482 of the Cr.P.C…

In June 1981 a mob of 40‑50 Bharwad community members armed with sticks and dharias attacked three Patel individuals, killing one and injuring two. The trial court acquitted all fifteen accused, treating each assault as unrelated and discounting eye‑witness testimony. On appeal, the Gujarat High Court held that the ass…

The appellant, a partner in a film‑exhibition partnership, was alleged to have colluded with another firm to misappropriate film prints and proceeds, leading the second respondent to file a complaint before the Chief Judicial Magistrate, Patna. The Chief Judicial Magistrate examined the complainant and transferred the …

The appellant was convicted of murder, theft of jewellery and concealment of evidence under IPC sections 302, 404 and 201. The prosecution relied on a series of circumstantial facts – the appellant’s presence with the victim, possession and disposal of the victim’s gold chain, ring and watch, the discovery of the body …

The case involves an alleged honour killing where the victim, Vikash Panwar, was shot dead by three accused who were related to his live-in partner. The accused were charged under Sections 302 and 120B of the IPC and Sections 3, 25 and 27 of the Arms Act. The High Court of Rajasthan granted bail to all three accused in…

The case involved fifteen accused who, on 26 April 2003, surrounded and brutally attacked the deceased Chinnaperiaiyah and two witnesses, Irulandi (PW‑1) and Ramar (PW‑2), using swords, resulting in the victim's death. The prosecution proved a prior attack on the victim on 8 April 2003, establishing a motive and a patt…

The appellant, Eshwarappa, was married to Latha, who complained about his illicit relationship with another woman and his demand for additional dowry. On 6 November 2005, Latha went to a field to collect money from her husband for her child's medical treatment and was later found dead with ligature marks around her nec…

The appellant was accused of raping a 15‑year‑old girl who later died by suicide. An eye‑witness, a cousin aged about 13‑14, testified that he saw the appellant committing the assault, and his testimony was supported by another witness and by medical and forensic reports that showed evidence of sexual intercourse. The …

The appellant, Anuj Kumar Gupta, was convicted for the murder of Chhotu Kumar Das based largely on a confessional statement he gave to the investigating officer (PW‑9) that led police to the victim’s body in a river. The trial court sentenced him to death, which the High Court later commuted to life imprisonment. The a…

The appellant Arumugam was convicted under Sections 147, 148, 341 and 302 IPC for the murder of his brother, the deceased, based primarily on the testimony of a single eye‑witness who was also the victim's brother. The appellant challenged the conviction on grounds of delay in filing the complaint and registering the F…

The appellant was convicted of murder under Section 302 IPC for stabbing and further assaulting the deceased, who later died. The prosecution relied on a dying declaration recorded by a police officer after medical certification of fitness, corroborated by an eye‑witness, forensic blood‑group evidence, the recovered kn…

The appellant Shudhakar was convicted of murder under Section 302 IPC for allegedly setting his wife on fire. The deceased gave three dying declarations: the first, recorded by a Naib Tehsildar, exonerated the husband and claimed the fire originated from a stove; the second and third, recorded later by a Tehsildar and …

Rampal Singh, an Indian Army soldier, broke a fence (ladauri) constructed by his relative RKS and threw garbage on his land, leading to a heated altercation during which they grappled. After being separated, Rampal retrieved a rifle, warned his brother to stay away, and, provoked by RKS's challenge to shoot, fired a si…

Undavalli Narayana Rao was convicted under Section 498A of the IPC for subjecting his wife, Malathi Devi, to cruelty and dowry harassment that allegedly drove her to suicide. The trial court found that the husband and his mother repeatedly demanded property, threatened the wife, and forced her to alienate land, leading…

The case involves the kidnapping of a 16‑year‑old girl in 1992. The girl was later found and gave a written report alleging kidnapping, but her trial testimony was later embellished with claims of sexual abuse and an attempt to sell her into prostitution. The trial court acquitted all three accused due to contradiction…

The deceased Shanti Bai set herself on fire in 1988 and, in her dying declaration, exonerated all members of her matrimonial home. The trial court convicted her husband and mother‑in‑law under IPC sections 306 (abetment of suicide) and 498A (cruelty) based largely on the dying declaration and a letter she had written, …

Suraj Singh and his wife were tried for the murder of Jagat Singh. The trial court acquitted both, relying on a perceived discrepancy between eye‑witness testimony and medical evidence. The Allahabad High Court set aside Suraj Singh's acquittal, convicted him under s.302 IPC and sentenced him to life imprisonment, hold…

Five persons were tried for murder under s.302 read with s.149 IPC. The trial court convicted all and sentenced them to life imprisonment. The High Court dismissed the appeal, upholding the conviction. Three of the accused filed Special Leave Petitions, and this Court altered their conviction to s.304 Part I IPC and re…

Arvind Kumar married Sadhna and, along with his mother Prem Bai, repeatedly demanded additional dowry items. Sadhna, unable to meet these demands, was allegedly harassed and tortured, leading her to set herself on fire and die within 1.5 months of marriage. Both were convicted under IPC s.306 (abetment of suicide) and …

Respondent No.1 filed a criminal complaint against Subha Raj and others alleging offences under several IPC sections. The Magistrate dismissed the complaint, and the complainant's first revision before the Additional District and Sessions Judge was also dismissed. A second revision petition, styled under s.401 r/w s.40…

The appellant, P.K. Pradhan, a former Secretary of the Rural Development Department of Sikkim, and the then Chief Minister were charged under Section 120‑B IPC and the Prevention of Corruption Acts for conspiring to award rural water‑scheme contracts at low rates. The Special Judge held that no prior sanction under Sec…

The case involved a cultural show organized by a minister where invitation letters on the minister's letterhead were forged. The appellant delivered the forged letters to the invitees but did not forge them himself. He was convicted by the High Court under IPC sections 417 (cheating), 465 (forgery), and 471 (using a fo…

Dr. Lakshmansinh Vaghele, a Laboratory Officer of the Ahmedabad Municipal Corporation, was appointed by the State Government as a Public Analyst under the Food Adulteration Act. A complaint was filed against him alleging offences under IPC sections 465, 468 and 201 for acts committed while performing his duties as Publ…

The petitioner, Devki alias Kala, was convicted under Sections 366 and 368 of the Indian Penal Code for abducting, seducing, and selling a 17‑year‑old girl. The High Court upheld the conviction under Section 366 and set aside the conviction under Section 368, imposing three years of rigorous imprisonment. The petitione…

Manoj Pratap Singh was convicted of kidnapping, raping and murdering a seven-and-a-half-year-old mentally and physically disabled girl. The prosecution proved its case through a complete chain of circumstantial evidence, including DNA matches, blood‑stained clothing, the victim’s body recovered at the appellant’s direc…

The case arises from the 2002 Gujarat riots following the Godhra train burning incident, in which the appellant's husband was killed in the Gulberg Society massacre. The appellant filed a complaint alleging a larger criminal conspiracy at the highest level of the state government, including the then Chief Minister, to …

The second respondent was charged with kidnapping and murdering a 13‑year‑old child for ransom, with the trial ongoing since 2014. The Delhi High Court granted him bail, a decision challenged by the parents of the deceased and the State. The Supreme Court examined whether bail under Section 439 of the CrPC was appropri…

The appellant, V. Shanth, was the owner of a seed distribution company accused of selling spurious chilli seeds that caused loss to farmers, leading to three FIRs under the IPC and the Seeds Act, 1966. The State invoked preventive detention under the Telangana Prevention of Dangerous Activities of Bootleggers, Dacoits,…

The appellant aunt and nephew were convicted for murdering the deceased husband, an Upper Division Clerk, based on circumstantial evidence. The prosecution proved that the death occurred at 1.30 a.m., the victims were found dead in bed, the accused were present, and the nephew’s statement under Section 27 led to the re…

The appellant, Rajput Jabbarsingh Malaji, was convicted under Section 302 IPC for murdering his brother Jethusing by striking him on the face with an axe. The prosecution relied on the dying victim's wife (PW‑3) who identified the appellant, corroborated by two brothers (PW‑5, PW‑6) whose statements were recorded under…

The State of Rajasthan appealed against the Rajasthan High Court’s order converting the murder conviction of respondent No.1 Islam under IPC Section 302 to a lesser offence under Section 304 Part‑II, on the ground that the High Court had erred in its appreciation of the evidence and its application of the fourth except…

The appellant, a government servant, was convicted by the Sessions Court of rape, outraging modesty and wrongful confinement of two minor girls aged about 10‑12, and the High Court affirmed the convictions for confinement and outraging modesty while reducing the rape conviction to an attempt. He appealed to the Supreme…

The deceased Y.S. Vivekananda Reddy was murdered in March 2019 and the case was transferred to the CBI, which filed charge sheets naming several accused including the first respondent Y.S. Avinash Reddy. The first respondent sought anticipatory bail and filed a writ petition, prompting the Telangana High Court to grant…

The appellant, Maghavendra Pratap Singh (Pankaj Singh), was convicted for the murder of businessman Goverdhan Aggarwal and related offences under Sections 302, 201, 120B of the IPC and the Arms Act, based largely on circumstantial evidence. The prosecution’s case lacked any eyewitnesses, direct forensic linkage, or rel…

The appellant, Dipakbhai Jagdishchandra Patel, was implicated in a counterfeit currency case after co‑accused 1‑3 claimed the fake notes originated from his residence. No counterfeit notes were actually recovered from his home and the only incriminating material was the co‑accused statements recorded by police under Se…

The appellant, Kavita Chandrakant Lakhani, filed an FIR alleging that her former boyfriend, Respondent No.2, forcibly took her to his house, beat her and later molested her. The charge sheet included offences under Sections 363, 342, 324, 354, 323, 506(ii) and 366 of the Indian Penal Code. Respondent No.2 was discharge…

The wife, Lalita, committed suicide within five years of her marriage, alleging daily quarrels and dowry demands by her mother‑in‑law and father‑in‑law. A dying declaration recorded by a Sub‑Divisional Magistrate detailed the harassment and the in‑laws’ presence at the time of the act. The trial court acquitted the acc…

The husband filed a petition for divorce under Section 13 of the Hindu Marriage Act, alleging that his wife had made false and defamatory complaints against him, his family and colleagues, which amounted to cruelty. The wife had lodged multiple complaints with various authorities and the media, all of which were later …

The appellant was convicted under Sections 324 and 326 of the IPC for assaulting his cousin with a bat made of coconut leaf stem and a stone, causing grievous injuries. The High Court reduced his sentence, but the parties later reached a settlement and sought to compound the offences. The Supreme Court held that the qu…

The Supreme Court examined the murder of Patrangi Ramanaiah, who was stabbed by a group of accused during an unlawful assembly. The trial court and High Court had convicted most of the accused under Sections 302, 148 and 324 IPC, relying on eyewitness testimony, a dying declaration, and forensic evidence, while acquitt…

The Supreme Court examined a criminal appeal filed by Rajat Prasad and Arvind Vijay Mohan, who were charged under Section 12 of the Prevention of Corruption Act, 1988 read with Section 120‑B of the Indian Penal Code for allegedly conspiring to conduct a sting operation that exposed a Union Minister taking a bribe. The …

Ram Babu Tiwari was arrested along with two others for alleged murder under IPC sections 307 and 34. He obtained bail on 27 May 2008 from the Sessions Court. The State filed an application under CrPC s.439 seeking cancellation of bail, alleging that Tiwari fired the fatal shot, had threatened a witness, and that co‑acc…

Bikram Dorjee was convicted under Section 304 (Part I) of the Indian Penal Code for stabbing Santosh Dorjee, who later died. The trial court sentenced him to life imprisonment, a sentence affirmed by the Calcutta High Court. He appealed to the Supreme Court, challenging the quantum of the sentence. The Court held that …

Raman Kumar was convicted by the High Court for dowry death under Sections 304B and 498A of the IPC based on the death of his wife Suman Bala, who allegedly died from burns after being allegedly harassed for dowry. The Supreme Court examined whether the prosecution had proved the essential ingredients of a dowry death,…

The appellants, Ramesh Bhai and another, were convicted under IPC sections 302, 120B and 201 for allegedly administering poisonous injections that caused the death of Purshottam Bhai after giving him coffee laced with sleeping pills. The prosecution's case rested solely on circumstantial evidence, chiefly that the inje…

The appellant Prem Singh was charged with shooting Preetam Pyare and his son, leading to the latter's death, under Section 307 IPC and Section 27 of the Arms Act. The trial court convicted him, and the Delhi High Court affirmed the conviction on the basis that the pistol recovered from the appellant matched the bullet …

Santhanam and a co‑accused were charged with murder after Santhanam struck a farm‑servant with a wooden log during a dispute over a water pipeline, causing head injuries that led to the victim's death. The trial court convicted Santhanam under Section 302 IPC and sentenced him to death; the High Court affirmed the conv…

The case concerned a petition under Section 482 of the CrPC filed by the accused (respondent No.2) seeking quashing of charges framed under Sections 307, 148, 323 read with 149, 341 and 294 of the IPC. The High Court allowed the petition on the ground that the injuries inflicted were simple and did not involve any vita…

The appellant, Nepal Singh, was charged with dowry demand and cruelty leading to his wife's suicide under Sections 304‑B and 498‑A IPC. The trial court acquitted him, finding no evidence of any dowry demand and granting him the benefit of doubt. The High Court reversed the acquittal and convicted him. On appeal, the Su…

The appellants and respondents settled their dispute and sought to compound the offences alleged against them under Sections 406 and 420 of the Indian Penal Code. The question before the Supreme Court was whether these offences are compoundable under Section 320(2) of the Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973, and whether t…

The Metropolitan Magistrate ordered the investigating officer to add Section 307 of the IPC to the case and to investigate that offence. The High Court upheld this direction, but the Supreme Court held that such a directive interferes with the statutory power of the police to investigate and exceeds the court's jurisdi…

The appellant, a public servant, conducted a raid on a medical shop and seized medicines, later filing an FIR against respondent No.2. In retaliation, respondent No.2 lodged a complaint alleging the appellant had committed offences under IPC sections 161, 167, 465, 466, 469 and 471. The District Magistrate issued a san…

The Managing Director of State Bank of Hyderabad initiated departmental proceedings against P. Kata Rao, an employee, on twelve charges, some of which overlapped with criminal charges for which he was later acquitted. The enquiry officer found him guilty of most charges and the appointing authority dismissed him; the d…

The appellant, Sheikh Rafi, was convicted of murder for chasing and stabbing his brother with a knife, inflicting 19 injuries that included vital organs. He appealed, arguing that the facts only warranted a conviction under Part II of Section 304 IPC, not Section 302. The Supreme Court examined the nature, number, and …

The appellant, Prakash Kumar (also known as Prakash Bhutto), was convicted under IPC sections 120B, 342 and 365 for kidnapping, confinement and conspiracy based solely on the confession of a co‑accused recorded under the TADA Act. The Supreme Court held that a co‑accused's confession is a fragile piece of evidence and …

The accused were convicted under the Terrorist and Disruptive Activities (Prevention) Act for kidnapping an industrialist and extorting a Rs 1 crore ransom. The conviction rested primarily on a detailed confessional statement recorded by the DCP from co‑accused A‑12, which was later retracted. The appellants argued tha…

The case concerned the abduction of businessman Jayendra Mahendra Tripathi in January 1994, for which a ransom was demanded. A co‑accused, A‑9, gave a detailed confession to the police under Section 15 of the TADA Act, which was later retracted. The Supreme Court held that the confession was recorded in compliance with…

Girdhar Shankar Tawade was tried for abetment of suicide under IPC s.306 and cruelty to a woman under s.498‑A. The prosecution relied on contradictory oral testimony of the deceased's brother and cousin, three letters written by the deceased, and a dying declaration. The trial court and the High Court convicted him on …

The deceased Raj Karan was attacked with lathis by the accused Bishna and Balbir, sustaining fatal head injuries. Two relatives, Sukhchain Singh (PW‑1) and Jai Karan (PW‑2), witnessed the assault, took the victim to the hospital, and later gave statements that formed the core of the prosecution case. The trial court co…

Vashram Narshibhai Rajpara, a fruit vendor, was convicted of murdering his wife and four daughters by pouring petrol on them and setting them alight while they slept, motivated by a dispute over a house. The trial court sentenced him to death, a decision affirmed by the Gujarat High Court. On appeal, the Supreme Court …

The three accused (Ezhil, Saravanan and Mohammed Iqbal) were charged with robbery, murder and related offences after a car they were travelling in was intercepted carrying articles belonging to the deceased, Masukuthu Ali, whose body was later found stabbed. The prosecution relied on circumstantial evidence, including …

The appellant, Firoz Khan Akbarkhan, was convicted along with a co‑accused for murder under Section 302 read with Section 34 of the IPC, based on eyewitness testimony that he stabbed the deceased with a knife. He challenged the conviction, arguing that the delay of two to three days in recording witness statements unde…

The appellant was accused of raping the complainant three times, allegedly after promising to marry her. The complainant claimed she was coerced into sexual intercourse under threat and that the promise of marriage was a false inducement. The High Court rejected the appellant's application to quash the proceedings unde…

Anil Kumar, convicted of murder and sentenced to life imprisonment, was released on emergency parole during the COVID‑19 pandemic by a High‑Powered Committee constituted under a Supreme Court order. He filed a writ petition under Article 32 seeking to quash the Committee's decision that the parole period should not be …

The State of Rajasthan sought to appoint Love Kush Meena as a constable, but the recruitment advertisement disqualified candidates who were not honourably acquitted of offences involving moral turpitude or violence. Meena had been acquitted in a case under IPC sections 302, 323, 341 and 34 on the basis of benefit of do…

Manju Devi, a Scheduled Caste woman, complained that the respondents assaulted her, outraged her modesty and insulted her caste, invoking Sections 323, 354, 452 of the IPC and Section 3(1)(xi) of the SC/ST Act. The High Court granted anticipatory bail to the respondents under Section 438 of the CrPC. The appellant chal…

The appellant Manmeet Singh (alias Goldie) was convicted under Section 396 of the Indian Penal Code for dacoity with murder, based on an alleged robbery of a large sum of money and the killing of Mohinder Singh. The prosecution alleged that five or more persons participated in the dacoity, but only the appellant was id…

The petitioners challenged the constitutional validity of Section 66A of the Information Technology Act, 2000, alleging that it infringes the right to freedom of speech and expression under Article 19(1)(a) and is not saved by the reasonable restrictions of Article 19(2). They also contested the validity of Section 69A…

The plaintiff purchased a tractor from a dealer, alleging that the dealer misrepresented the engine's horsepower. After a consumer forum dismissed his complaint, he filed a criminal complaint under IPC sections 1208, 420 and 468 against both the dealer and the tractor manufacturer. The magistrate dismissed the complain…

The appellant, sister of the deceased Priya Malhotra, alleged that doctors and Bombay Hospital were negligent, leading to Priya's death from peritonitis and renal failure. The National Consumer Disputes Redressal Commission dismissed the complaint for lack of proof of negligence, a decision the appellant challenged bef…

The State of Maharashtra convicted several respondents, including Madhukar Wamanrao Smarth, for cheating, forgery, abetment, criminal breach of trust and conspiracy, imposing consecutive sentences totalling twelve years. The respondents appealed and sought bail by suspension of sentence under Section 389 of the Code of…

On the day of a West Bengal Assembly election, Assistant Commissioner Sankaran Moitra led a police lathi charge at a polling booth, during which the husband of complainant Sadhna Das was beaten to death. A private complaint was filed, the Chief Judicial Magistrate took cognizance and issued a warrant. The accused sough…

The appellants were convicted of murder under IPC s.302 read with s.34 based largely on circumstantial evidence, an eye‑witness statement recorded three days after the incident, and a recovered knife. The defence argued that the witness statements were inconsistent, the time of death could not be precisely determined f…

The State of Orissa, represented by forest officials, appealed against a complaint filed by G.C. Jew alleging assault, illegal seizure of ivory and other offences under the IPC, the Orissa Forest Act and the Wildlife Protection Act. The respondents claimed the officials acted without legal authority, while the official…

Anita Laxmi Narayan Singh married Laxmi Narain Singh in 1987. The husband filed a divorce petition under Section 13 of the Hindu Marriage Act in Bombay. The wife, residing in Ghaziabad, had to travel long distances to defend herself and applied for interim maintenance and travel expenses. The Supreme Court directed the…

Sher Singh and others were convicted of murder under IPC s.302/34 and sentenced to death in 1977. After the High Court upheld the sentence and the Supreme Court dismissed their Special Leave Petition, the petitioners filed writ petitions under Art.32 claiming that a delay of more than two years in executing the death s…

The appellant Dagadu was convicted of murder under IPC s.302 and sentenced to life imprisonment. The Bombay High Court dismissed his first appeal summarily, using only the word "rejected" and providing no reasons. The Supreme Court examined the High Court's power under CrPC s.384 (formerly s.421) to dismiss appeals sum…

The appellants were involved in an irrigation dispute during which the deceased, Mainu Manda, prevented them from irrigating their land. Bhudeo Mandal, one of the appellants, struck the deceased, causing his death, while the other appellants were armed with lathis but caused no injuries. The Sessions Court convicted Bh…

The appellant was accused, along with a co‑accused, of kidnapping and murdering a 16‑year‑old girl in Assam. The prosecution relied on three circumstantial links: the victim was last seen with the appellant, the appellant’s extra‑judicial confessions to several villagers, and the recovery of the dead body after those c…

The case involved a fraud scheme where fake telegraphic transfers were used to withdraw Rs. 6.7 crore from a bank, the proceeds of which were allegedly used to purchase 205 gold bars that were later seized from accused Nandkumar Babulal Soni. The trial court convicted Soni under Sections 120B and 411 of the IPC, direct…

The appellant, a senior BIS officer deputed as Director of FSSAI, acted as Presiding Officer of the Internal Complaints Committee (ICC) investigating a sexual harassment complaint. She filed a counter‑affidavit on behalf of the complainant without the complainant’s consent, and later amended it when the complainant wis…

The appellant, a civil engineer, posted a viral picture of a sitting cabinet minister on Facebook and alleged that police, at the minister’s behest, forcibly took him to the minister’s residence, beat him and threatened him. He filed FIRs (Nos. 119 and 120 of 2020) but the minister was not named in the initial chargesh…

The Directorate of Enforcement (ED) appealed against a Telangana High Court order that granted anticipatory bail to M. Gopal Reddy (respondent No.1) under Section 438 of the CrPC in connection with a money‑laundering case under the Prevention of Money Laundering Act, 2002 (PMLA). The Supreme Court examined whether the …

The husband, an engineer, filed a suit for divorce under Sections 13(1)(i‑a) and 13(1)(i‑b) of the Hindu Marriage Act, alleging mental cruelty and desertion by his wife, a draftsman. The wife counter‑claimed that she faced dowry harassment, alleged an extra‑marital affair by the husband, and had withdrawn a criminal co…

The State alleged that Shyamal Saha and Prosanta (Kalu Kabiraj) abducted and murdered Paritosh Saha after taking him across the Ganges River. The trial court acquitted them, finding the prosecution's witnesses inconsistent and the basic fact of the victim boarding the boat doubtful, thereby granting the benefit of doub…

The appellant, Swapan Kumar Senapati, assaulted his uncle Satkari Senapati by sitting on his chest and allegedly striking his head with a stone. The victim died three days later from intracranial hemorrhage, with no external injuries found at autopsy. The FIR was lodged three days after the incident, citing Sections 34…

The deceased Prakash was assaulted after a marriage ceremony by members of two rival groups of the Dalit Mukti Sena. He sustained a buttock wound and later developed internal injuries, leading to his death after eighteen days of hospitalization. The trial court convicted the accused of murder (s.302/149 IPC) and other …

The Additional Sessions Judge convicted Narayan Dutt, Manjit Singh and Prem Kumar for murder under the IPC and sentenced them to life imprisonment. While their appeals were pending before the High Court, they filed petitions under Article 161 of the Constitution seeking pardon from the Governor of Punjab, who granted i…

The appellant, C.M. Girish Babu, and another accused were tried for demanding and accepting a bribe under Sections 7, 13(1)(d) and 13(2) of the Prevention of Corruption Act, 1988 and for criminal conspiracy under IPC s.1208. The trial court convicted them; the Kerala High Court upheld the conviction under s.7 but acqui…

The incident occurred on 12 February 1975 at Lalitpur bus stand where the appellant Mahendra Pratap Singh was alleged to have fired a single bullet from a rifle, causing the death of Devendra Singh and injuries to three others. The trial court acquitted him, but the Allahabad High Court convicted him under IPC sections…

The case arose from the killing of Lakhi Ram, who was shot by Rajpal Singh after a quarrel involving the accused Gajey Singh and his father Mehar Singh. The trial court convicted Gajey Singh and Rajpal Singh for murder under Section 302 read with Section 34 IPC, but the High Court acquitted them, holding that the prose…

The case involved an altercation between two groups that culminated in the death of Moti Suklabaidya. The appellants, Munna Chanda and Ujjal, were convicted by the trial court and the High Court under Section 302 IPC read with Section 149 IPC for murder, based largely on the testimony of prosecution witnesses. On appea…

The appellant, P. Mani, was convicted of murdering his wife by allegedly setting her on fire, based solely on her dying declaration. The High Court upheld the conviction, holding the dying declaration reliable and noting the appellant's alleged absconding and lack of injury as circumstantial support. On appeal, the Sup…

The appellants Mangu Khan, Sirdar Khan and Subedar Khan attacked an informant, his father and brother over a dispute concerning a bund, using lathis, farsi and tanchia. The father and brother were killed on the spot while the informant sustained injuries. The trial court convicted all five accused under Sections 148, 3…

The father of the deceased, Anup Goswami, appealed to the Supreme Court against the Patna High Court's order acquitting ten accused persons of abduction and murder under IPC sections 302, 149 and 364, 149. The trial court had convicted them, but the High Court, by a majority, found the prosecution evidence insufficient…

The appellant was accused of stabbing the deceased, a Scheduled Caste member, with a dagger, resulting in death. The trial court convicted him of culpable homicide not amounting to murder under Section 304 Part II IPC and under Section 3(2)(v) of the SC/ST (Prevention of Atrocities) Act. The High Court overturned the 3…

The appellant was convicted of murder under Section 302 IPC for stabbing the deceased with a dagger. The prosecution's case relied on eyewitness testimony that the appellant drew a dagger and inflicted fatal injuries, while the defence argued that the dagger was found enclosed in a sheath and bore no bloodstains, makin…

S. Nagoor Meera, a Superintendent in the Collegiate Education Department, was convicted under IPC s.420 and the Prevention of Corruption Act s.5 and sentenced to one year rigorous imprisonment. The High Court suspended the sentence and released him on bail. The Deputy Director issued a show‑cause notice seeking his dis…

The respondent, a Branch Manager of Bank of India, was charged with several offences under the IPC and the Prevention of Corruption Act. He contended that, as an employee of a nationalised bank, he was not a "public servant" within the meaning of Section 21 of the IPC and therefore could not be tried by a Special Court…

Six persons were tried for a violent assault on 24 December 1986 that resulted in the death of Suku. The trial court convicted all under various IPC sections, including murder (302) read with Section 149, and the High Court later acquitted two accused while confirming the others. On special leave, the Supreme Court was…

The case involved a murder at Sadar Hospital where Hare Krishna Singh and six others were alleged to have fired upon the deceased Jitendra Choudhary, resulting in his death. The appellants challenged their convictions on several grounds, including the prosecution’s failure to explain injuries sustained by Hare Krishna …

The State of Haryana charged Sher Singh and his two sons with the murder of Sher Singh's half‑brothers, alleging they assaulted and burned the victims in a village courtyard. The trial court convicted them under Sections 302 and 34 of the IPC, sentencing Sher Singh to death and the others to life imprisonment; the High…

The appellants, parents of a man who had a relationship with a woman, sought to quash the chargesheet filed against them under Section 482 of the CrPC, alleging that the High Court erred in rejecting their petition. The complainant claimed the parents had assured her of marriage to their son, leading to an intimate rel…

The Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI) filed a chargesheet on 15 October 2022 against 75 persons, including Kapil Wadhawan and Dheeraj Wadhawan, for alleged conspiracy, fraud and corruption involving DHFL. The respondents applied for default bail under the proviso to Section 167(2) of the CrPC, arguing that the char…

The appellants Prasad Pradhan and another, cousins of the deceased Vrindawan, attacked him with axes while he was levelling his land, causing severe head injuries that led to his death after 20 days. The trial court convicted them of murder under Section 302 IPC read with Section 34 and sentenced them to life imprisonm…

The case concerned the murder of Narayan in 1985, for which Munna Lal, Sheo Lal and Babu Ram were convicted under section 302 IPC based largely on the oral testimony of two eye‑witnesses, PW‑2 (Ram Vilas) and PW‑3 (Hemraj), and medical evidence. The Supreme Court examined the credibility of these witnesses, noting PW‑2…

The appellant purchased a plot by a registered sale deed in 1994. The father of the second respondent died in 1997, and the respondent filed a civil suit in 2008 seeking cancellation of the deed, alleging fraud but not forgery. In 2012 the respondent filed a criminal complaint alleging forgery and impersonation under I…

A long‑standing property dispute between two families escalated when Survey Department officials arrived to survey the land. After an initial verbal altercation, the accused returned armed with knives, clubs, a baku and explosives, stabbing and killing two members of the complainant’s family and injuring several others…

The appellant, Raju Ambadas Gankekar, was convicted under Section 304 Part II of the IPC for assaulting Captain Vinod Rawat, who later died from his injuries. The incident occurred on 10 July 1988 at a hotel in Ahmednagar, where the victim was chased and attacked with a gupti. Evidence included a dying declaration desc…

The appellants Gurdial Singh, Bakshish Singh and Darshan Singh attempted to divert a village drain towards the house of Buta Singh despite a court injunction. When Buta Singh objected, the appellants, armed with a gandasi and dangs, assaulted him and several witnesses; Buta Singh later died from his injuries. The trial…

Rameshbhai Chandubhai Rathod, a 27‑year‑old watchman, was convicted of raping and murdering a ten‑year‑old girl residing in the building where he worked. The trial court sentenced him to death under Section 302 IPC, a decision affirmed by the Gujarat High Court as a "rarest of rare" case. On appeal before a two‑judge S…

The appellant Vinod and others were convicted for kidnapping a nine‑year‑old boy, Amit Kumar, and demanding a ransom of Rs 10 lakh. The boy was released after the ransom was paid, and the police recovered the money and arrested the accused. The trial court and the Punjab and Haryana High Court sentenced the accused to …

The appellant, Shri Harendra Nath Borah, a police constable, was convicted under Section 302 of the Indian Penal Code for the death of a truck driver who was assaulted by police personnel and later died in hospital. The appellant challenged the conviction, arguing that the facts did not constitute murder but only culpa…

The State of Madhya Pradesh convicted Munna Choubey and others of rape under Section 376(1) IPC and sentenced them to seven years rigorous imprisonment, with an additional five years for offences under Section 450, to run concurrently. On appeal, the Madhya Pradesh High Court reduced the sentence to the period already …

The State of Karnataka prosecuted Mohamed Nazeer for killing a man after assaulting him with a knee to the private parts, causing instant death. Eye‑witnesses and a doctor testified that the accused threatened the victim, kicked him, and that death resulted from neurogenic shock due to testicular injury. The trial cour…

The respondent entered into a contract through the appellant to purchase 1500 MT of polypropylene, but only 50 MT were delivered and the appellant claimed unforeseen circumstances for the shortfall. The respondent filed a private complaint alleging cheating under Section 420 IPC, claiming a loss of $236,250. The trial …

The appellant, his brother and father were tried for murder (IPC s.302) of the appellant's wife; the trial court acquitted them after witnesses turned hostile. The Karnataka High Court, however, convicted the appellant under IPC s.304B (dowry death) and s.498A without a specific charge for s.304B. The Supreme Court exa…

The respondents complained that the appellants fraudulently obtained their signature on a sale agreement and filed a criminal case under Sections 420 and 406 IPC. The Judicial Magistrate discharged the appellants, a revision before the Sessions Court was dismissed, and a second revision was filed before the High Court,…

The State of Karnataka appealed a High Court judgment that reduced the charge against Vedanayagam from murder to culpable homicide. The accused had stabbed the deceased, Sugumaran, on the left side of the chest with a dagger, causing instant death. The trial court convicted him under Section 302 IPC, but the High Court…

The Tamil Nadu government issued a loan‑waiver scheme that benefitted only small and marginal farmers, prompting a petition that the scheme violated Article 14 by arbitrarily excluding larger farmers. The Madurai Bench of the High Court held the classification arbitrary and directed the benefit be extended to all farme…

The Supreme Court examined the constitutional validity of Section 45(1) of the Prevention of Money Laundering Act, 2002, which imposes two additional conditions for granting bail when the offence involves a scheduled offence punishable with imprisonment of more than three years under Part A of the Schedule. The Court h…

The appellant challenged a High Court order that, on the ground of his contradictory statements in a civil suit, directed the Registrar to file a criminal complaint under Section 340 of the Code of Criminal Procedure (CrPC) for offences under Sections 199 and 200 of the Indian Penal Code (IPC). The Supreme Court examin…

The Supreme Court considered appeals by Sanjay Chandra and 16 co‑accused who were denied bail by the Special CBI Judge and the Delhi High Court in a telecom‑licence fraud case involving alleged loss of billions to the State. The appellants argued that the investigation was complete, the charge‑sheet filed, and there wa…

Gian Singh was convicted under IPC Sections 420 (cheating) and 120B (criminal conspiracy). While his appeal was pending, he sought to compound the offences and filed a petition under CrPC Section 482 to quash the FIR, which the High Court dismissed. The Supreme Court examined whether a non‑compoundable offence such as …

Nathu Ram, a former employee of the Rajasthan State Electricity Board (later Jaipur Vidyut Vitran Nigam Ltd.), was suspended in 1979 after being caught accepting a bribe and was convicted in 1982, leading to his dismissal. The High Court acquitted him in 1997 and reinstated him, granting full pay for the suspension per…

The Supreme Court examined an appeal by Indian Overseas Bank against a Madras High Court order that stayed disciplinary proceedings against four bank employees who were also facing criminal charges for assaulting a rival union president. The employees had been suspended, served charge‑sheets, and a departmental enquiry…

The accused were acquitted by the trial court of charges under Sections 306 and 498A IPC for the alleged cruel treatment and abetment of suicide of the deceased wife. The mother of the deceased filed a revision petition, and the Calcutta High Court set aside the acquittal, directing a fresh trial and ordering the trial…

The appellant and four others were tried for murder, rioting and attempt to murder. Eye‑witnesses PW4 and PW6 testified that the appellant and his brother fired at the deceased Sukhdev Singh, while a defence witness DW5 also admitted the appellant’s firing. The trial court acquitted three accused on the basis of doubt …

The appellant, Durgesh Chandra Saha, lodged a complaint that led to a police investigation completed on 8 February 1988 and a charge‑sheet filed under several IPC sections. The respondents, Bimalchandra Saha and others, sought discharge on the ground that the West Bengal Amendment Act (Act 24 of 1988) had amended Secti…

On 19 August 2005, the deceased Bherulal was surrounded by the appellant Bhagirath, who was armed with a farsi, and several others. During a heated quarrel, Bhagirath struck the victim on the right side of the head near the ear, causing fatal injuries; an injured eye‑witness (PW‑6) corroborated this account. The trial …

The Supreme Court examined whether a magistrate's order to issue summons is an interlocutory or intermediate order and whether it can be challenged under Section 397 of the CrPC. It held that such an order is intermediate/quasi‑final and therefore revisable under Section 397 (and also under the inherent jurisdiction of…

The Supreme Court examined the custodial death of R.K. Jain, a Deputy Commissioner who suffered from asthma and died of asphyxia after being detained in a dust‑filled, windowless room by officers of the Lokayukta. The Sessions Court had framed charges under Section 304 Part II IPC but omitted Section 330 IPC; the High …

The dispute arose when Hukam Chand's brother Udai Chand and his sibling went to a wheat‑threshing field and a quarrel broke out over a khes. Hukam Chand arrived armed with a pharsa (a deadly weapon) and struck Udai Chand on the head, causing fatal injuries; other parties also inflicted blows with lathi and ballam. The …

The appellants were convicted under Section 302 read with Section 149 of the IPC for the murder of Babar Ali, based primarily on the testimony of six eye‑witnesses who were relatives of the deceased. The appellants challenged the admissibility of those witnesses, argued that no specific allegation against them was made…

The State of Uttar Pradesh prosecuted Bhoora and Vishram Singh for dacoity with murder under IPC sections 396 and 34. Four eye‑witnesses testified that they saw the accused, identifiable by the colour of their khaki uniforms and hats, under the illumination of two electric poles during the incident. The trial court acc…

The case arose from an FIR filed in 2020 alleging that the accused, S. Harish, had downloaded and stored child pornographic videos on his mobile phone. The investigation recovered two such videos and a chargesheet was filed under Section 15(1) of the Protection of Children from Sexual Offences Act (POCSO) and Section 6…