Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973

The respondent was arrested under the Unlawful Activities (Prevention) Act, the Indian Penal Code and the Arms Act, and the investigation period of 90 days expired on 15 September 2020. The investigating officer obtained two extensions, first to 11 November 2020 and then, on 7 November 2020, a further 30‑day extension …

The appellant, Perumal Raja, was detained during an investigation into a separate murder and gave a disclosure statement that led police to recover the body parts of his cousin, Rajini, and other stolen items. The key issue was whether the appellant was "in custody" for the purposes of Section 27 of the Evidence Act de…

Writ Petition (Criminal) No. 113 of 2016 and Special Leave Petition (Diary) No. 34629 of 2017 were referred to a Constitution Bench to answer five questions concerning the scope of freedom of speech under Article 19(1)(a) and the enforceability of fundamental rights against non-State actors. The petitions arose from st…

The appellant, a serving army Naik, was convicted under Section 498-A IPC for cruelty towards his wife and sentenced to three years' simple imprisonment. After his conviction, the parties entered into a genuine settlement, resumed cohabitation, and the wife was nominated as his service record nominee. The High Court, n…

The appellant, a retired bank employee, obtained a loan of Rs.27 lakh from a money‑lending company whose director (respondent No.2) later filed a criminal complaint alleging non‑payment and threats. The High Court dismissed the appellant's Section 482 CrPC application to quash the FIR and the charge‑sheet, holding that…

The Supreme Court examined the appeal of three accused (Nalini, Kishore Bhadke and Satish) convicted of murder, abduction and related offences arising from a land‑transaction dispute that led to the killing of Raman. The prosecution relied on circumstantial evidence – motive established by the land deal, the victim’s l…

The appellant, a husband, was charged with cruelty, dowry harassment and abetment of suicide after his wife, Girija, died by consuming poison in their matrimonial home within seven years of marriage. The trial court acquitted all accused, but the Karnataka High Court convicted the husband under Sections 498A and 306, r…

Jagat Singh (A‑1) and three others were involved in a land‑dispute altercation that escalated into a free fight during which the deceased, Bachittar Singh, was stabbed and later died. The trial court acquitted all accused, but the High Court convicted A‑1 under Sections 302 and 307 IPC read with Section 34, sentencing …

The State of Kerala appealed a Kerala High Court order granting bail to Dr. Raneef, a dental surgeon accused of aiding assailants who assaulted a college professor and severed his right palm. The prosecution alleged that Dr. Raneef, a member of the Popular Front of India (PFI), had pre‑arranged to provide medical treat…

The accused were tried for offences under several IPC sections, including arson and assault, and were acquitted by the trial court. The State of Himachal Pradesh sought leave to appeal the acquittal under Section 378 of the CrPC, but the High Court dismissed the application with a one‑word order, "Dismissed," without p…

The appellant, a police officer supervising a dacoity case, ordered a warrantless search of the residence of Respondent No.2, the father of a suspect, which led to a complaint alleging harassment. The Judicial Magistrate took cognizance of offences under IPC sections 342, 389, 469, 471 and 1208, and the appellant sough…

The appellant, Tuhin Kumar Biswas, was charged under IPC sections 341, 354C and 506 for allegedly restraining a complainant and voyeuristically photographing her when she attempted to enter a disputed property. The complainant claimed intimidation and intrusion of privacy, while the appellant argued that he was enforci…

Rousanara Begum married S.K. Salahuddin in 2005 and divorced him in 2011. At the time of marriage her father gave Rs 7 lakh and 30 bhori of gold, which the appellant sought to recover under Section 3 of the Muslim Women (Protection of Rights on Divorce) Act, 1986. Lower courts awarded partial amounts, but the Calcutta …

The appellant was accused of raping and murdering a ten‑year‑old girl in 2009, with the prosecution relying primarily on the testimony of the victim's seven‑year‑old cousin and recovered clothing items. The trial court convicted him under IPC sections 376, 302, 201 and the SC/ST Act, imposing the death penalty, which t…

The Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI) registered an FIR in 2021 against 18 persons, including former Kerala Police and Intelligence Bureau officials, for allegedly filing false espionage cases against ISRO scientists. The FIR was filed following a Supreme Court‑directed committee report (Justice D.K. Jain) that rec…

The appellant, Nimay Sah, elder brother of the deceased's husband, was convicted under Section 498-A read with Section 34 IPC for alleged dowry harassment leading to the death of his sister‑in‑law, Asha Kumari. On appeal, the Supreme Court examined the testimonies of the prosecution witnesses and found that, apart from…

In Paramvir Singh Saini v. Baljit Singh & Ors., the Supreme Court revisited its earlier directions (April 3, 2018) requiring the use of photography and videography at crime scenes. The Court noted that compliance affidavits filed by 14 States and 2 Union Territories were inadequate, lacking details on the exact locatio…

The appellants (husband, father‑in‑law and mother‑in‑law) were convicted under Section 304B IPC for dowry death based on a claim that the deceased was poisoned after demanding Rs 10 lakhs. The Supreme Court examined whether the prosecution proved the essential ingredients of a dowry death – marriage within seven years,…

The appellant and his son were involved in a family land dispute with their brother (the informant). After a verbal altercation, the appellant fetched a 12‑bore DBBL gun and fired at the informant, killing him, and subsequently shot at the informant's wife and two friends, killing one and injuring another. The trial co…

The case arose from the assassination of former Prime Minister Rajiv Gandhi, for which several accused were convicted and sentenced to death, later commuted to life imprisonment by the Supreme Court. The State of Tamil Nadu proposed to remit the life sentences of the convicts, prompting the Union of India to file a wri…

The appellant, Sujoy Mitra, was charged with rape of an Irish citizen (PW5) and the trial court recorded PW5's testimony via video conference. The appellant challenged the procedure under Section 482 of the CrPC, arguing it was unfair and seeking access to the video recording. The High Court had prescribed a set of saf…

A complaint alleged that a former MLA and her husband conspired to illegally obtain government land using forged documents. The Special Judge framed charges, which the High Court set aside, quashed the charges against all accused, and transferred the case to another court, claiming the accused were denied a fair trial …

The appellant, a Congress party member, was accused of instigating party workers to fire on BJP supporters, resulting in a murder eight days later. He applied for anticipatory bail under Section 438 of the CrPC, which the High Court rejected. The Supreme Court, relying on the Constitution Bench decision in Sibbia's cas…

Julien Educational Trust, which runs a school, sought to purchase adjacent land owned by eight co‑sharers for expansion. An oral agreement was reached, draft deeds were prepared and approved by most sellers, but execution was delayed and the sellers later attempted to sell the land to third parties. The Trust filed a s…

The dispute arose when a servant, Shanichar, left Satish Chandra's tea shop over wage issues and joined Rakesh Bahal. This led to a heated altercation during which Rakesh Bahal, armed with a knife, inflicted injuries on Satish Chandra. Rakesh, his mother Raj Bahal and sister Neelam Bahal were convicted by the trial cou…

The appellant issued a cheque of Rs.95,000 to discharge a lawful debt, which was later dishonoured for insufficient funds. He was convicted under Section 138 of the Negotiable Instruments Act and sentenced, with the conviction affirmed by the High Court. The parties subsequently settled their dispute and sought to comp…

The case involved six accused persons charged under IPC sections 302, 149 and 148 for the murder of four individuals. The trial court convicted four of the accused and sentenced them to death. The Allahabad High Court, however, acquitted the accused and dismissed the State's appeal. The complainant (informant) and the …

The trial court acquitted the accused of murder, but the High Court convicted them under Sections 302 read with 149 and 148 of the IPC. The appellants argued that the FIR was lodged late, that the eye‑witnesses (PW‑1 and PW‑4) gave contradictory and unreliable statements, that their testimony conflicted with the post‑m…

The accused were intercepted while carrying opium and were served a notice under Section 50 of the NDPS Act informing them of their right to be searched before a gazetted officer or magistrate. They declined that option and were searched by a narcotics officer, leading to the seizure of 200 g of opium and conviction un…

P. Muniappan, an assistant professor, was charged with murdering his wife Nagammal after she was found hanging in their kitchen with burn injuries and signs of struggle. The prosecution relied on extensive circumstantial evidence—Muniappan's motive to obtain a divorce and a second marriage, his exclusive presence in th…

The Supreme Court examined the murder of Divakaran, for which four accused, including Pushparajan (A‑3) and Murali (A‑4), were convicted under IPC sections 302 and 324 read with section 34 and sentenced to life imprisonment. The appellants argued that A‑3 should only be liable for the assault (section 324) and that all…

The State of Maharashtra filed a criminal appeal against the quashing of FIR No.185/2019 and the charge‑sheet against Dr. Maroti, a medical practitioner, who was alleged to have failed to report sexual assaults on minor tribal girls in a hostel as required under the Protection of Children from Sexual Offences (POCSO) A…

A two‑and‑a‑half‑year‑old girl was abducted, brutally raped and murdered by her maternal uncle, Shatrughna Baban Meshram. The trial court convicted the appellant under Sections 302, 376(1), 376(2)(f,i,m) and 376A of the IPC and Section 6 of the POCSO Act, imposing death sentences on the charges of murder and rape‑resul…

The Himachal Pradesh Cricket Association (HPCA) was granted lease of government land to build a world‑class cricket stadium, later receiving additional land for a club house and a hotel at commercial rates. Two FIRs were filed alleging illegal lease grants, cheating, criminal breach of trust and violations of the Preve…

The case involved twelve accused members of an ashram who were charged with murdering a woman, Leelavathi, who was a trustee of the ashram. The prosecution relied on circumstantial evidence, including the fact that the accused were last seen with the deceased, distress cries heard by a neighbor, commotion in the ashram…

The State of Maharashtra transferred a group of under‑trial prisoners from Arthur Road Jail in Bombay to other jails, citing overcrowding and security concerns, and the jail authorities later used force to quell a disturbance involving some of those prisoners. The prisoners filed writ petitions alleging that the transf…

The appellant Savitri Goenka challenged a Delhi High Court order that had converted a criminal miscellaneous petition filed under Section 482 of the Code of Criminal Procedure (CPC) into a bail application under Section 438 CPC and granted interim protection, without serving notice on her. The High Court had earlier di…

The respondents, life convicts sentenced in 1988 for murder, challenged a 2002 executive policy of the State of Haryana that set new criteria for premature release of life prisoners based on the nature and number of murders. The Punjab Prison Rules and Section 433A of the CrPC required a minimum of 14 years’ imprisonme…

The appellant was charged under Section 138 read with Section 142 of the Negotiable Instruments Act for dishonouring a cheque. The complainant sent a legal notice to the appellant, which was returned stamped "house locked". The trial magistrate dismissed the complaint on the ground that the notice was not served. The A…

The State of Himachal Pradesh appealed the acquittal of Lekh Raj and Diwan Chand for the alleged rape of a 55‑year‑old widow. The prosecution relied on the victim's testimony, her injuries, and forensic evidence of blood and semen on her torn salwar. The High Court had set aside the conviction on the grounds that the i…

The State of Haryana prosecuted Manoj Kumar for the death of Chetan, alleging that Kumar repeatedly pursued the brothers on a motorcycle and deliberately ran Chetan over with his car, causing fatal injuries. The sole eye‑witness, Rohan, the victim’s brother, testified to the entire sequence of events, and his testimony…

Kishan Singh was convicted under Section 5(2) of the Prevention of Corruption Act and sentenced to two years' rigorous imprisonment. He appealed to the Allahabad High Court under Section 374 of the Criminal Procedure Code, but the High Court dismissed the appeal for default because neither he nor his counsel appeared, …

The appellant, the original complainant, filed an FIR for murder and related offences, after which the accused was released on bail by the High Court with specific conditions prohibiting intimidation of witnesses. Subsequent FIRs alleged that the accused threatened a key witness, prompting the appellant to seek cancell…

The appellant Rajan was convicted for murder under Sections 302/34 of the IPC and Sections 25 and 27 of the Arms Act based primarily on the ocular testimony of two eyewitnesses, despite the alleged firearm not being recovered. He appealed to the Supreme Court, arguing that the High Court’s delay of two years and five m…

The Supreme Court considered appeals by National Insurance Company Ltd. against compensation awarded by the Motor Accidents Claim Tribunal (MACT) to the families of two deceased victims of a road accident on 11 April 2017. The insurer contended that the vehicle it insured was not involved in the accident, that the poli…

The appellants, M/s Bande\u200bkar Brothers Pvt. Ltd., were in a business dispute with the respondents and filed civil suits, after which they lodged criminal complaints alleging false evidence and forged debit notes under IPC sections 191, 192 and 193. The magistrate converted these complaints into private complaints …

The petitioners, convicted of murder and sentenced to death, challenged the constitutionality of Order XL Rule 3 of the Supreme Court Rules, 1966, which mandates that review petitions be disposed of by circulation without oral argument. The Supreme Court examined whether Article 21 of the Constitution, which guarantees…

The appellant, Kusha Laxman Waghmare, was accused of killing his wife Anusuya by beating her with a wooden stick. No eye‑witness was present, but the appellant made extra‑judicial confessions to two persons (PW‑1 and PW‑2) and no defence was offered under Section 313 of the CrPC. The post‑mortem report corroborated the…

Prem Singh and six others were charged under IPC sections 120‑B, 148, 302 read with 149 and under Section 25 of the Arms Act. The trial court acquitted all accused, citing the non‑examination of a key witness, inherent lacunae in the testimony of two eye‑witnesses, doubts about the recovery of firearms and lack of fore…

The case involved the murder of two brothers and the attempted murder of a third during a gun‑fire incident in Rajasthan. The trial court convicted nine accused under sections 302/149 and 307/149 IPC, but the High Court acquitted six and altered the conviction of three to sections 302/34 and 307/34 IPC. The Supreme Cou…

The appellant, Bhushan Kumar Meen, was married to the respondent No.2 in 2004. After periods of discord, the wife filed a complaint in 2006 alleging dowry demand and cruelty, leading to an FIR under Sections 406 and 498‑A IPC. The Women's Cell’s inquiry found no evidence of dowry demand and deemed the dispute civil, bu…

The appellant complained to the Lokayukta that three government officials had caused a loss of Rs.4 crore to the State of Madhya Pradesh by purchasing land at inflated prices. The Lokayukta police investigated, exonerated the officials and filed a closure report under Section 169 of the Cr.P.C. before the Special Judge…

The State of Punjab appealed against a Punjab and Haryana High Court order that directed the Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI) to take over fresh investigation of several FIRs, including one for which a charge‑sheet had already been filed under Section 173(2) of the Cr.P.C. The petition raised the question whether …

The petitioner, Thota Venkateswarlu, married Parvathareddy Suneetha in India and later moved with her to Botswana, where she alleged cruelty and dowry demands. A complaint was lodged in India invoking IPC sections 498‑A and 506 (alleged to have occurred abroad) and Dowry Prohibition Act sections 3 and 4 (alleged to hav…

The victim Siri Krishan was shot during a morning walk; the prosecution relied on the brother's report, two alleged eye‑witnesses (PW‑11 and PW‑12), and a widow's statement linking a property dispute to the accused. The appellant Prem Singh and co‑accused were arrested, but the appellant refused to take part in a test …

The Supreme Court considered appeals by Babubhai Jamnadas Patel challenging the Gujarat High Court's orders directing the police to file progress reports and monitor the investigation of FIR No.187/2008 relating to alleged offences under Sections 420, 465, 466, 467 and 120‑B IPC. The issue was whether a High Court may …

The case arose from a long‑standing land dispute in which the deceased and his brother were assaulted, and subsequently PW‑6, an injured witness, was chased and assaulted by eight accused, sustaining grievous injuries. The trial court acquitted the accused of both the murder charge (s.302 IPC) and the grievous hurt cha…

The respondents filed a criminal petition under Section 482 CrPC seeking transfer of a state police investigation to the CBI. The Madras High Court dismissed the petition in 2001, refusing the transfer. After three years, the DSP of SBCID filed an application in the same disposed petition seeking to modify the order, a…

Parmananda Pegu and his co‑accused Jitu Pegu were convicted and sentenced to death for kidnapping and murdering two minor boys under Sections 302 and 365 IPC. The conviction was based largely on an extra‑judicial confession recorded during a crime‑scene recreation, a judicial confession under Section 164 that was later…

The police conducted a night raid on the accused's house based on secret information and seized heroin, but failed to comply with the mandatory procedural requirements of Section 42 of the NDPS Act, including recording the information in writing and preparing a search memo. The trial court convicted the accused under S…

The case involved a dispute over 2.5 acres of land where the accused, who had obtained a court order and actual delivery of possession, were in possession against the deceased who was cultivating the land. On 23 July 1992 the accused formed an assembly, armed with knives and sticks, and were attacked by the deceased’s …

Life convicts filed writ petitions seeking premature release on the basis of remissions earned. The Punjab and Haryana High Court held that the applicable government policy was the one in force at the time of conviction and directed the State to reconsider the applications. On appeal, the Supreme Court clarified that r…

The appellants were convicted of murder under Sections 302/149 IPC for the killing of Munnabhai, but the Madhya Pradesh High Court Division Bench was split on the convictions of seven of them. The matter was referred to a third judge under Section 392 of the CrPC, who refused to revisit the convictions of three appella…

Shri Ramesh Kumar, a government inspector, was arrested and convicted under Section 5(2) of the Prevention of Corruption Act, 1947 for accepting illegal gratification. The disciplinary authority dismissed him under Rule 19 of the Central Civil Services (Conduct) Rules, 1965 and the Vigilance Manual without a detailed e…

The appellant, Sudeep Chatterjee, was accused under Section 498A IPC and Section 4 of the Dowry Prohibition Act by his wife. The High Court of Patna granted him provisional pre‑arrest bail on the condition that he file a joint affidavit within four weeks undertaking to fulfil all physical and financial needs of his wif…

Wazir Khan was charged under Sections 302 and 201 IPC for the murder of his wife, Bushra, whose body bore 17 incised wounds. The trial court acquitted him, finding the prosecution had not proved guilt beyond reasonable doubt, but the Uttarakhand High Court reversed the acquittal, holding that Khan's failure to explain …

The petitioner, Siddharth Mukesh Bhandari, filed FIRs in 2019 and the accused filed Special Criminal Applications under Article 226 of the Constitution and Section 482 of the CrPC seeking quash of the proceedings. The Gujarat High Court initially stayed any coercive steps on 10‑Oct‑2019, an order that the Supreme Court…

The appellant, Noor Mohammed, issued a Rs.7,00,000 cheque to the respondent, Khurram Pasha, which was dishonoured, leading to a complaint under Section 138 of the Negotiable Instruments Act. The trial court ordered the appellant to deposit 20% of the cheque amount as interim compensation under Section 143A, which he fa…

The appellant, Dauvaram Nirmalkar, was convicted of murder under Section 302 IPC for killing his brother Dashrath Nirmalkar. The trial court and High Court found him the sole perpetrator based on eyewitness testimony, forensic evidence, and his own confession, which was held inadmissible under Section 25 of the Evidenc…

The appellant Ritesh Sinha was implicated in a fraud case and the police sought a voice sample to match a recorded phone conversation. The Chief Judicial Magistrate ordered him to appear and give his voice sample, which the appellant challenged under Section 482 of the Cr.P.C. The High Court upheld the magistrate's ord…

Neera Yadav, while serving as Chairperson and Chief Executive Officer of the New Okhla Industrial Development Authority (NOIDA), filed ante‑dated and incomplete applications to obtain residential plots for herself and her daughters, manipulated the layout plan to enlarge her plot, and secured shop allotments for her da…

The State of Rajasthan appealed the Rajasthan High Court’s judgment acquitting accused Bada and Sawa and reducing Nana’s conviction from murder to culpable homicide not amounting to murder. The trial court had convicted all three under Section 302 read with Section 34 based on the testimony of injured eye‑witnesses PW‑…

Gurmej Singh brutally assaulted his brother Jagjit Singh, his brother's wife and son, resulting in three deaths and injuries to three others. The trial court sentenced him to death on three counts of murder under IPC s.302, along with fines and other imprisonment terms. The Punjab High Court declined to confirm the dea…

K.C. Sareen, a Punjab National Bank officer, was convicted under Section 13(2) of the Prevention of Corruption Act, 1988 and IPC sections 120, 201 and 420 for defrauding the bank and was sentenced to one year of rigorous imprisonment and a fine. He was dismissed from service and appealed to the Punjab and Haryana High …

The appellant had given the accused a loan of Rs.2,00,000 and the accused issued a post‑dated cheque to repay it, which was later returned for insufficient funds. The trial court, applying the presumption under Section 139 of the Negotiable Instruments Act, convicted the accused under Section 138, a decision affirmed b…

Devidas Loka Rathod was convicted under Sections 302 and 324 IPC for assaulting several persons with a sickle, resulting in one death. He pleaded unsound mind, asserting that a pre‑existing psychotic disorder rendered him incapable of understanding his acts. The trial and appellate courts rejected this defence, relying…

The appellant, Sonvir, was convicted along with two others for a double murder under Sections 302, 392 and 34 of the IPC based largely on circumstantial evidence such as recovered jewellery, a blood‑stained knife, a blood‑stained shirt, a Maruti van, and fingerprint matches. The appellant challenged the admissibility o…

The Supreme Court examined whether a magistrate had taken cognizance of an offence under Section 200 of the Criminal Procedure Code (CrPC) when a complaint was recorded and whether a complaint could be amended before cognizance was taken. It held that cognizance requires the magistrate to apply his judicial mind to the…

The appellants were convicted for the double murder of two brothers, Ashok and Rohtash, under Section 302 read with Section 34 of the Indian Penal Code. The sole eyewitness, the victims' brother (PW 3), hid during the attack out of fear and later reported the incident, identifying the appellants and describing the weap…

The appellant, Pundappa Yankappa Pujari, was charged with murder after allegedly assaulting Mahantappa with an axe during a boundary stone dispute, resulting in Mahantappa's death. The trial court acquitted the accused, but the Karnataka High Court set aside the acquittal and convicted him under Section 302 IPC, imposi…

The appellant, a bank branch manager, was charged with multiple IPC offences for allegedly conspiring with co‑accused to cheat a complainant after a lost cheque book was reported. The complainant had written to the bank on 17 May 2004 requesting that the lost cheques not be honoured, and the bank indeed refused to clea…

Arjun Jadav was convicted of murder in 1991 and sentenced to life imprisonment simplicitor. He served more than 20 years, including remission, and his wife’s two mercy petitions were rejected; the Superintendent of Alipore Central Jail later recommended his release. Jadav filed a writ petition under Article 32, arguing…

Arnesh Kumar, husband of Sweta Kiran, was charged under IPC s.498-A and the Dowry Prohibition Act s.4. He sought anticipatory bail, which was denied by the trial court and the High Court, prompting a petition before the Supreme Court. The Court examined the statutory framework governing police arrests without a warrant…

The appellant Suryakant Bitale was acquitted by the Sessions Court of offences under Sections 302 and 498A IPC relating to the death of his wife, Archana, who suffered severe burns. The complainant, her father Dilip Kale, sought revision of the acquittal under Section 397 of the CrPC, alleging misappreciation of two dy…

The State of Punjab filed a prosecution under Section 3048 of the Indian Penal Code for dowry death, summoning Gurmit Singh as an accused. Singh contended that he could not be tried under this provision because he was not a "relative of the husband" of the deceased woman. The Punjab & Haryana High Court agreed and quas…

The appellants were convicted for murder and related offences after an incident in which they allegedly entered the deceased's house and fired indiscriminately, killing Zahiruddin and injuring two others. The prosecution relied on the deceased's statement recorded under Section 161 of the CrPC (Ext.Ka‑9) as a dying dec…

The appellants were charged under Sections 498A, 304B, 406 and 34 IPC for the death of Ms Chandni, the wife of Jasvinder Saini. The trial court initially framed charges under 498A, 304B and 34, but after the Supreme Court’s direction in Rajbir v. State of Haryana to add Section 302 IPC in dowry‑death cases, it mechanic…

The case concerned the murder of Lorik, who was shot dead after his motorcycle was stopped by four accused who opened fire on him. The trial court convicted all four accused under Section 302 read with Section 34 IPC and sentenced them to life imprisonment, also convicting them under Section 379 IPC. On appeal, the acc…

P. Sanjeeva Rao was tried under the Prevention of Corruption Act for demanding and receiving a bribe. During the trial, prosecution witnesses PW1 (the complainant) and PW2 (an independent witness) were examined, but their cross‑examination was deferred pending the examination of the trap‑laying officer PW11. The appell…

The appellant, brother of an accused named Dharmendra Nath Mishra, was summoned to stand trial under Section 319 of the Code of Criminal Procedure despite not being named in the FIR. The FIR, registered under several IPC sections and the SC/ST (Prevention of Atrocities) Act, alleged that Dharmendra, his brother and an …

Uttam was convicted under s.302 IPC for allegedly murdering his wife Pushpabai by pouring kerosene on her and setting her ablaze. The conviction rested on two written dying declarations recorded by a Special Executive Magistrate and an Investigating Officer, and two oral dying declarations given to the victim's father …

The incident involved Pussu (alias Ram Kishore) and his associate Sheo Rakhan firing on Bankey Lal and his companions, resulting in Bankey Lal's death and injuries to witnesses. The trial court convicted Pussu under Section 302 IPC (murder) and related offences, sentencing him to death, later commuted to life imprisonm…

The appellants, Shankar and Vishal, were named in an FIR for the murder of Vijay Singh based solely on the mother’s (PW‑1) suspicion arising from a long‑standing family enmity. PW‑1 later clarified in her Section 161 statement and during trial that the names were included falsely and that she was not an eyewitness. No …

The appellant, Om Prakash Sahni, challenged the High Court's order that suspended the life‑imprisonment sentences of three convicts (Jai Shankar Chaudhary, Abhay Kumar and Ram Babu Sahni) for the murder of his brother and released them on bail under Section 389 of the CrPC. The Supreme Court examined whether the High C…

The appellant Murugan was convicted under Sections 364 and 302 read with Section 34 of the IPC for the murder of his father-in-law, Murugan, after the main accused Kumar, who had a motive to marry Kumar's daughter, invited the victim for dinner and killed him. The prosecution proved a motive, the invitation, the dinner…

The Supreme Court examined a criminal appeal filed by the Central Bureau of Investigation against Indra Bhushan Singh and others, arising from a complaint lodged by the Deputy Registrar of the Allahabad High Court under Section 195(1)(b) of the CrPC. The Court found that the Deputy Registrar had filed the complaint on …

Two Indian fishermen were killed when an Italian-flagged vessel, M.T. Enrica Lexie, allegedly opened fire while its Naval Military Protection Squad (NMP) was on board. The Kerala Police detained the vessel and a Circle Inspector issued a notice prohibiting it from sailing without permission. The vessel challenged the d…

The wife filed a complaint against her husband under IPC sections 494 and 498A. During trial the husband entered into a settlement promising to take her back despite having taken a second wife. She initially expressed willingness to live with both, but later alleged breach of the settlement and petitioned the trial cou…

In 1997 a police party, led by ACP Satyavir Singh Rathi, mistakenly identified two civilians as a notorious criminal and opened fire on their car, killing both occupants and grievously injuring a third. The father of one victim filed a complaint, leading to a CBI investigation and the conviction of ten police officials…

In December 1992, during communal riots triggered by the demolition of the Babri Masjid, an armed mob entered the house of Taheruddin, killing his wife and two young daughters and injuring several family members. The trial court convicted eight accused under IPC sections 302, 134 and 448, but the High Court upheld conv…

The author Dr. P.V. Narayana published a novel titled "Dharmakaarana" depicting the 12th‑century saint Basaveshwara, which included a controversial Chapter 12 alleging the saint's sister bore an illegitimate child. Several eminent persons complained that the chapter insulted religious sentiments, prompting the Karnatak…

The appellant, a supplier, issued a cheque to the respondents for goods supplied, which was dishonoured due to insufficient funds. After the first dishonour, the appellant served a legal notice demanding payment; the cheque was presented again at the respondents' request and dishonoured a second time, followed by a sec…

The Gujarat Cancer Society imported MRI and lithotripsy machines under a customs duty exemption certificate that required the equipment to be used by the "actual user". The Customs Collector later held the society liable for duty but, considering its charitable purpose, imposed only a token fine and did not prosecute. …

The respondent, a constable of the Indo‑Tibetan Border Police, was convicted under Section 10(1) of the Central Reserve Police Force Act and sentenced to three months' imprisonment. On appeal, the appellate court modified the sentence and directed that the order would not adversely affect the respondent's service caree…

The appellant, Raju, was accused of enticing an 11‑year‑old girl, Rinku, with toffees, raping her and subsequently striking her with two bricks when she threatened to disclose the crime, resulting in her death. The prosecution relied on eyewitness testimony, the appellant's extra‑judicial confession to a local resident…

M.N. Daman filed a private complaint under Section 500 of the IPC alleging that S.K. Sinha and others made false and malicious imputations against him in a bail application, thereby defaming him. The magistrate, after recording Daman's sworn statement, issued summons to the respondents, finding a prima facie case of de…

The appellant, Ramesh Babulal Doshi, was charged with the murder of Khodibhai Patel and related offences. The prosecution relied solely on circumstantial evidence, including sightings of the appellant with the deceased, a trunk containing the body, and blood‑stained articles recovered from the appellant's flat. The tri…

The Supreme Court examined two matters concerning the withdrawal of criminal prosecutions under Section 321 of the Criminal Procedure Code, 1973. In Criminal Appeal No. 287 of 1979, the Court held that a committing magistrate can grant consent to withdraw even when the offence is exclusively triable by a Court of Sessi…

The State of Delhi appealed against a Delhi High Court order granting bail to Rajeev Sharma, who was arrested under Sections 3, 4 and 5 of the Official Secrets Act, 1923 and Section 120B of the IPC. Sharma filed multiple bail applications, all of which were dismissed, and later invoked Section 167(2) of the CrPC claimi…

The appellants were charged with murder and related offences under Sections 302, 201 and 34 of the IPC for the death of Mahesh Sahu, allegedly due to a love‑relation dispute. The trial court acquitted them, finding that the prosecution's circumstantial evidence was unreliable, witnesses were inconsistent, and the chain…

The National Investigation Agency (NIA) sought to deny bail to Zahoor Ahmad Shah Watali, accused No.10 in a case under the Unlawful Activities (Prevention) Act, 1967 (UAPA) and several IPC offences, alleging he was a key fund‑raiser for terrorist activities. The Delhi High Court granted bail, holding that the charge‑sh…

The State prosecuted Basti Ram for gang rape, kidnapping, confinement and intimidation of a girl, H.L., who was below 16 years at the time. The trial court, relying on H.L.'s detailed statement under Section 164 CrPC and her testimony, convicted Basti Ram under IPC sections 376(2)(g), 366, 342 and 506. The High Court, …

The respondent, a serving army soldier, was tried by a General Court Martial (GCM) for six offences including absence without leave, theft of ammunition and possession of a counterfeit seal, receiving dismissal and seven years' rigorous imprisonment. He contended that some offences were committed while he was a juvenil…

The appellant was convicted under sections of the IPC and the Arms Act, and during the trial the police submitted a supplementary charge‑sheet with eight new witnesses. The prosecution sought to summon these witnesses under Section 231 of the Cr.P.C., invoking the right to conduct "further investigation" under Section …

The father of the plaintiff entered into an agency‑cum‑licence deed with the defendant for the use of a shop as a showroom, with commission payable on tailoring and material sales. Possession of the shop remained with the plaintiffs, but the defendant later occupied it, stopped paying commission and destroyed evidence …

The Bihar State Co‑operative Marketing Union (BISCOMAUN) was placed under administration by the State Government, after which its administrator, R.K. Singh, reported alleged financial irregularities involving former Managing Director P.P. Sharma, advisor G.D. Mishra and Chairman Tapeshwar Singh in the purchase of sub‑s…

The Supreme Court dealt with the aftermath of the Sanchaita Investment Company case, where a Commissioner was appointed to attach and sell properties of the defunct firm. One such property, house No. 52/1/IB, was sold on an "as is where is" basis to Ashim Kumar Mandal and others, who then sought vacant possession. The …

The State of Punjab charged Sarwan Singh with embezzlement under IPC s.406, alleging the offence occurred on 22 August 1972 and was detected on 5 January 1973. The trial court convicted him in 1976, sentencing him to one year rigorous imprisonment and a fine. On appeal, the Punjab and Haryana High Court acquitted Singh…

The appellant, Rajnish Singh, was charged under Sections 376, 384, 323, 504 and 506 IPC for alleged sexual exploitation and blackmail of the complainant, who claimed he promised marriage and later married another woman. The complainant alleged a 16‑year consensual relationship that began with a forced act in 2006, duri…

Lokesh Chadha, proprietor of a courier agency, was convicted by a Special Judge under Sections 23(c) and 25A of the NDPS Act for facilitating the shipment of heroin and pseudo‑ephedrine and sentenced to ten years' rigorous imprisonment plus three years. While his appeal was pending, he applied for suspension of the sen…

The appellant, Shivaji Chintappa Patil, was convicted of murder under Section 302 IPC for the death of his wife, who the prosecution alleged was killed after being abused for not obtaining money from her mother. The case hinged on circumstantial evidence, including the appellant's alleged motive, the lack of a detailed…

The appellants, Samta Naidu and others, challenged the dismissal of a second complaint filed under the Criminal Procedure Code alleging forgery in the sale of a family vehicle. The first complaint had been rejected by a Judicial Magistrate on the ground that no prima facie case was made out, and the dismissal was on me…

The appellants, accused Nos.2‑5, were convicted under Section 302 read with Section 149 of the IPC for the murder of Bal Kishan based solely on the testimony of the sole eyewitness, PW‑8 (Mullo Bai). The Supreme Court examined the consistency of PW‑8's statements recorded under Section 161 CrPC and her later deposition…

The private victim filed a Special Criminal Application seeking further investigation under Section 173(8) CrPC against an uncharged accused, Shri Bhaumik. The appellant, Satishkumar Nyalchand Shah, a co-accused already charge‑sheeted and on trial, sought to be impleaded as a respondent in that application. The High Co…

The case concerned the murder of Ratti Ram, for which Satish Kumar and Rajeev Kumar were convicted under IPC s.302 r/w s.34 and under Sections 25 and 27 of the Arms Act. The trial court acquitted the accused, holding that the prosecution failed to prove guilt beyond reasonable doubt, particularly because the dead body …

The State of Karnataka prosecuted four relatives of the complainant for offences under Sections 506, 354 and 302 read with Section 34 of the IPC for the fatal assault of Basavaraj. The trial court acquitted the accused, holding that the prosecution had not proved the case beyond reasonable doubt, particularly questioni…

The case concerned the murder of Ashok Kumar, for which accused Nos. 2‑5 were convicted under Sections 147, 148, 149, 302 and 397 of the Indian Penal Code. The prosecution’s case hinged on the testimony of two alleged eyewitnesses, PW 25 (Mirza Majid Beg) and PW 24 (Mohamed Shakir), who claimed to have seen the assaila…

The appellants were convicted of murder under Sections 302 and 34 IPC based primarily on the testimony of a single witness (PW7) and the alleged motive that one accused disapproved of the victim's relationship with his sister. The Supreme Court examined the reliability of PW7, noting a material contradiction between hi…

The murder of Aarushi Talwar and the subsequent killing of domestic help Hemraj led to a criminal trial before the Special Judicial Magistrate (CBI) in Ghaziabad. Dr. Rajesh Talwar and Dr. Nupur Talwar filed separate transfer petitions under Section 406 of the Code of Criminal Procedure, seeking to move the trial to De…

The State of Goa appealed the acquittal of Sanjay and Anjali Thakran for murder, robbery and criminal conspiracy of a newly‑wed couple. The prosecution relied solely on circumstantial evidence – the accused were last seen with the victims, some jewellery and clothing were recovered from them, and the accused gave no ex…

The complainant Shaikh Saheblal Mardan filed a criminal complaint under IPC sections 406, 420 and 34 against his daughter Rashida Kamaluddin Syed and son‑in‑law Kamaluddin K. Syed for cheating and breach of trust. The complainant died in 1996 while the case was pending. His three sons applied for permission to continue…

The State of Karnataka and the Union of India appealed against a Karnataka High Court judgment that had struck down the proviso to Section 27 of the Consumer Protection Act, 1986 on the ground that it allowed tribunals to impose imprisonment or fine without prescribing a trial procedure, violating Articles 20 and 21 of…

The husband obtained a decree of divorce on the ground of desertion, but the wife filed an application for maintenance under Section 125 of the Code of Criminal Procedure during the pendency of the divorce suit. The Family Court allowed the maintenance despite being aware of the pending divorce decree, and the husband’…

The case concerns the murder of Tarkeshwar Prasad Singh on 13 January 1983, when accused Prem Kumar (Accused No.1) and Ramesh Singh (Accused No.2) entered a bus and fired rifles at the victim, killing him instantly. The trial court convicted the two accused under Section 302 IPC and also under Section 307 IPC; the High…

The appellants Arjun Marik, Mulo Marik and Bansi Marik were convicted of murdering Sitaram, his wife and granddaughter and of robbery, and sentenced to death under IPC sections 302, 394 and 411. The Supreme Court re‑examined the circumstantial evidence, finding no reliable motive, inconsistencies in the prosecution’s n…

The appellant filed a private complaint for offences under IPC sections 323 and 452 before a Judicial Magistrate First Class, who transferred the case to a Second Class Magistrate for enquiry under CrPC sections 192(2) and 202. The Second Class Magistrate issued process against the respondents, who challenged the issua…

The appellant, Amrutbhai Shambhubhai Patel, filed a petition under Section 173(8) of the CrPC seeking a court‑ordered further investigation by the police after a charge‑sheet had been filed and the trial was underway. The trial court had granted the direction, but the High Court set it aside, holding that a magistrate …

The appellants, led by Apparao Pund, entered a cattle shed owned by Madhavrao Range to forcibly take possession of the land, resulting in a scuffle during which they set the shed on fire with kerosene. Savitribai, the wife of Madhavrao, was injured in the blaze and later died from her burns. The trial court and High Co…

Mona Panwar, a Judicial Magistrate, ordered that an application filed under Section 156(3) of the CrPC alleging rape be registered as a complaint and directed the recording of the complainant's statement under Section 200. The Allahabad High Court Single Judge set aside that order, criticizing the magistrate's conduct …

The appellant and the informant were involved in a commercial dispute over payment for supplied bags. The informant alleged that the appellant and a third person forcibly took Rs.1580 from his pocket, leading to an FIR that listed offences including extortion under Section 384 IPC. The High Court rejected a compromise …

The appellant was convicted under Section 494 of the IPC for marrying a second time while his first marriage subsisted. He appealed the conviction, which was upheld, and then filed a revision petition under Section 397 of the CrPC. The High Court dismissed the revision petition ex parte because the appellant's counsel …

The case involved two criminal matters arising from the same encounter, one containing offences exclusively triable by a Sessions Court and the other not. Both were committed to the Sessions Court, but the Sessions Judge transferred the second case to the Chief Judicial Magistrate under Section 228(1)(a). The Supreme C…

The Intelligence Officer of the Narcotics Control Bureau recovered 18.7 kg of ganja from Shambhu Sonkar and charged him under Section 20(b)(i) of the NDPS Act. The trial court denied bail, but the Calcutta High Court granted bail, holding that Section 37 of the NDPS Act did not apply because the maximum punishment for …

Four accused were caught red‑handed with lethal explosives and convicted under Section 5 of the Terrorist and Disruptive Activities (Prevention) Act, 1987, receiving five years' rigorous imprisonment. They appealed under Section 19 of TADA seeking sentence enhancement, contending that under Section 377(3) of the Crimin…

The appellants, who had served as Ministers in the Orissa government and later became Members of the Legislative Assembly (MLAs), were prosecuted for criminal misconduct under Section 13(1)(e) of the Prevention of Corruption Act, 1988. They contended that, being MLAs at the time of taking cognizance, they were public s…

The Supreme Court examined whether the FIR lodged against Sanchaita Investments and its partners disclosed a cognizable offence under the Prize Chits and Money Circulation Schemes (Banning) Act, 1978. The firm accepted public deposits at a nominal 12% interest but paid excess interest of up to 48% in cash, prompting th…

The petitioners Omi (Omkar) Rathore and another were named in the FIR for a murder case but the investigating officer filed a closure report exonerating them and they were not included in the charge‑sheet. During trial, the first informant reiterated his FIR testimony implicating the petitioners, leading the trial cour…

The appellant, Prem Singh, was convicted of murdering his two sons by manual strangulation and of causing the disappearance of evidence by throwing their bodies into a canal. The trial and high courts held that the prosecution proved the case beyond reasonable doubt through a cogent chain of circumstantial evidence, th…

The appellants Ram Chander and others were convicted for the murder of a mother and her unmarried daughter after the prosecution presented the testimony of Guddi (PW‑9), a close relative and next‑door neighbour, who described the assault, killing with a gandasa, and subsequent burning of the bodies. The defence argued …

The Supreme Court examined the chronic delay in disposal of serious criminal cases in district courts, noting that many stays were issued by High Courts under Art. 226 of the Constitution and Sections 397/482 of the CrPC. It evaluated the Law Commission's "rate of disposal" method and the criticisms thereof, and consid…

The Supreme Court examined the Board of Control for Cricket in India's (BCCI) failure to implement the Lodha Committee recommendations, particularly the appointment of a CAG nominee to the Apex Council, despite a prior judgment dated 18 July 2016. The Court found that President Anurag Thakur had sought a letter from th…

The Supreme Court examined the conviction of respondents under Section 3 of the Dowry Prohibition Act, 1961. The trial court had sentenced them to three months' imprisonment, far below the statutory minimum of five years, without recording any special reasons. The High Court further reduced the sentence to four days on…

Mohd. Yousuf filed an application before the Chief Judicial Magistrate alleging forgery and fraud, prompting the magistrate to direct the police to register an FIR and investigate under Section 156(3) of the CrPC. The police filed a charge‑sheet, after which Afaq Jahan (respondent No. I) moved the High Court under Sect…

The appellants were charged under several IPC sections and Section 3(2)(v) of the SC/ST Act for allegedly firing a gun at Rinku Thakur, a member of a Scheduled Caste, and subsequently abusing a witness belonging to the same community. The medicolegal report, however, found no gunshot wound, and the prosecution’s case r…

The father of a 13‑14‑year‑old girl, Saraswati Kumari, filed a complaint after her body was recovered following a disappearance from a mela. Police recorded statements of several witnesses about a month after the incident, identifying the accused who allegedly kidnapped, raped and murdered the girl. The Additional Chie…

A complaint of bribery was lodged against T. Nathamuni, an Income Tax Inspector, leading to a CBI case under the Prevention of Corruption Act, 1988. The investigating officer, initially an Inspector of Police, was replaced by Sub‑Inspector G.A. Suriya Kumar after a petition under Section 17 of the Act obtained permissi…

The State of Rajasthan appealed the acquittal of Shera Ram @ Vishnu Dutta, who had been found not guilty of murder, offences under Sections 302, 295 and 449 IPC on the ground that he was of unsound mind at the time of the incident. The trial court had convicted him, but the High Court reversed the conviction, accepting…

Vimal Kumar Surana, who had passed the Chartered Accountant examination but was not a member of the Institute, impersonated a chartered accountant, prepared audit reports and forged the Institute's seal before tax authorities. The Institute filed a criminal complaint alleging offences under the Chartered Accountants Ac…

The appellant Sukhdeep Singh was charged with murder under IPC s.302 for allegedly firing at his rival, Karam Singh, resulting in death. The trial court acquitted him, holding that the eyewitness testimony conflicted with the medical report and that the recovered .303 cartridge could not have been fired from the accuse…

The appellant, Mohindra Hire Purchase, filed a complaint under Section 138 of the Negotiable Instruments Act leading to the accused's acquittal. The appellant then sought special leave to appeal the acquittal under Section 378 of the Code of Criminal Procedure. The Punjab and Haryana High Court dismissed the applicatio…

The Supreme Court examined an appeal filed by the State under Section 378(1) and (3) of the Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973 against the acquittal of Batcu Venkatehswarlu and others by a trial court. The Court held that an appellate court has full power to re‑appreciate, review and reconsider the entire evidence and re…

The State of U.P. appealed the acquittal of two accused who had been convicted for rape under Section 376 IPC by the trial court. The High Court set them free on the sole ground that the prosecutrix was of "easy virtues," without providing any reasoning. The Supreme Court held that a victim's character is irrelevant to…

The State of Madhya Pradesh appealed against the Madhya Pradesh High Court's acquittal of Udai Singh, who had been convicted by the trial court for the murder of three women and the attempted murder of a fourth under IPC sections 302 and 307. The Supreme Court examined whether the eyewitness testimonies—despite minor i…

A food inspector found toffees sold by a shop to be adulterated under the Prevention of Food Adulteration Act. The Municipal Corporation of Delhi filed a complaint against the manufacturer, its manager and its directors. The Metropolitan Magistrate summoned all accused, but the Delhi High Court quashed the proceedings …

The Municipal Corporation of Delhi filed a complaint under sections 7, 16 and 17 of the Prevention of Food Adulteration Act alleging that Hindustan Sugar Mills’ milk‑toffees were adulterated. Paragraph S of the complaint specifically named Ram Kishan Bajaj (Chairman), R.P. Neyatiya (Managing Director) and several direc…

Babasaheb Maruti Kamble was convicted of murder, rape and kidnapping, receiving a death sentence for murder, life imprisonment for rape and two months' simple imprisonment for kidnapping. The Sessions Court referred the death sentence to the High Court, which affirmed both conviction and death penalty. Kamble filed a S…

Manish Ratan and others were accused of dowry harassment and ill‑treatment of their wife, who lived in Jabalpur. The complainant lodged a FIR at Datia police, alleging that the offences occurred at Jabalpur, and the case was tried by the Chief Judicial Magistrate, Datia. The appellants challenged the jurisdiction, argu…

The appellant Vithal was convicted of murder (IPC s.302) for allegedly pouring kerosene on the deceased Vishwanath and setting him alight, causing 98% burn injuries. Four dying declarations of the deceased were recorded by police officers and an executive magistrate; all named the appellant and were consistent. The tri…

The complainant filed a criminal complaint in 2002 alleging that the appellants had misled him about an appointment, invoking Sections 406, 409 and 418 of the IPC. The magistrate issued summons, but the appellants challenged the complaint on the ground that it was barred by the three‑year limitation prescribed in Secti…

The Andhra Pradesh amendment of Section 73 of the Indian Stamp Act gave the Collector power to inspect, seize and impound any registers, books or documents, including those in banks, without any procedural safeguards. The High Court struck down this provision as unconstitutional, and the State appealed. The Supreme Cou…

The appellant challenged two orders passed by a Single Judge of the Punjab and Haryana High Court in separate miscellaneous petitions filed after the disposal of the original petition filed under Section 482 of the Criminal Procedure Code (CrPC). The High Court, without giving notice to the appellant, directed the Seni…

The State of Uttar Pradesh prosecuted Udai Narain, an Additional Collector of Customs, and Reshamwala, a private individual, for allegedly receiving Rs.2 lakh in a corrupt transaction at Lucknow airport. They were charged under Sections 8, 10, 13(2) read with 13(1)(d) of the Prevention of Corruption Act, 1947 and Secti…

Respondent K.R. Pangare, a retired Deputy Engineer of the Maharashtra Public Works Department, was charged in 1990 with multiple offences under the Indian Penal Code and the Prevention of Corruption Act. Although sanction for prosecution was obtained in August 1989, he challenged the criminal proceedings before the Bom…

The case concerned an order by a Judicial Magistrate that impleaded Mis. Omprakash Shivprakash Ltd as the sixth accused in a prosecution under Section 16(1) of the Prevention of Food Adulteration Act, 1954. The appellant challenged the order, arguing that the magistrate had no jurisdiction to invoke Section 20‑A of the…

The appellant, an Income Tax Officer, was investigated by the CBI and found to hold assets disproportionate to his known income. Although the evidence was insufficient for criminal prosecution under Section 5(1)(e) of the Prevention of Corruption Act, 1947, a departmental inquiry proved the misconduct and dismissed him…

The petitioners, a film production company and its proprietor, borrowed Rs 41.28 lakh in five instalments from the complainant on a hand‑loan basis at 2% per month interest and issued five cheques to discharge the debt, which were returned for insufficient funds. The complainant filed five complaints under Section 138 …

The appellant was convicted of rape and criminal intimidation on 30 April 2015, but before his sentencing hearing the presiding judge was transferred. The appellant sought to have the new judge rehear the case, including the conviction, invoking Sections 353 and 354 of the CrPC. The High Court dismissed the petition, h…

The appellant, an Indian citizen and US Green Card holder, was charged in 2014 with forgery and related offences under the IPC and was arrested in 2020. The High Court granted him eight weeks of interim bail but refused to relax the conditions to allow travel to the United States, despite his frequent prior travel and …

The Union of India sought review of the Supreme Court's directions in Dr. Subhash Kashinath Mahajan v. State of Maharashtra, which required approval of the appointing authority for arresting a public servant and of the SSP for a non‑public servant, and mandated a preliminary inquiry by a Dy SP before registering an FIR…

The Kodungallur Film Society filed a writ petition under Article 32 seeking directions to prevent mob violence against cultural establishments, especially following protests over films like Padmaavat. The Court examined whether the State must implement the guidelines from In Re: Destruction of Public and Private Proper…

The case involved two officials of the Rural Water Supply Department of Zilla Parishad, Jalgaon, accused of misappropriating public funds allocated for rural drinking‑water schemes. FIRs were filed after an enquiry by the Revenue Commissioner and Deputy Commissioner, alleging large sums were siphoned through fictitious…

The case concerns the murder of Suresh Chandra, who was tied up and assaulted with lathis and dandas by five accused including Kishan Ram, Pani Ram, Dev Singh, Har Ram and Chandan Singh. The trial court and the High Court convicted the five under Section 302 read with Section 149 of the IPC and sentenced them to life i…

The CBI filed a criminal case against Jagjit Singh and others for cheating and forgery under Sections 420 and 471 IPC, alleging that they obtained bank loans through forged documents with the collusion of bank officials. The accused later settled the debt with Indian Overseas Bank by complying with an order of the Debt…

The appellants filed a private complaint under Section 200 of the CrPC alleging that the respondent, a public servant, committed offences under the Prevention of Corruption Act, 1988. The Special Judge referred the complaint for investigation by the Karnataka Lokayukta under Section 156(3) of the CrPC without obtaining…

The appellants, convicted of murder under Section 302 IPC and sentenced to life imprisonment, appealed to the Gujarat High Court. The High Court affirmed the conviction without examining the complete record, including oral and documentary evidence, merely narrating the prosecution and defence cases. The Supreme Court h…

The complainant filed a criminal complaint alleging offences under sections 420, 467, 468, 471 and 120‑B IPC. The Chief Judicial Magistrate, invoking s.202 CrPC, ordered a police investigation and later dismissed the complaint under s.203, stating the dispute was civil. The complainants sought revision under s.397 read…

The appellant Jaipal was convicted by the trial court and the Punjab & Haryana High Court for murdering his wife Prakash Devi by allegedly administering aluminium phosphide (celphos) based on circumstantial evidence. The prosecution relied on the testimony of the sister‑in‑law, the victim's father, medical findings, an…

Shamim Ara, a Muslim wife, filed an application under Section 125 of the Criminal Procedure Code seeking maintenance on grounds of desertion and cruelty. The husband, Respondent No.2, denied the claim and in his written statement asserted that he had divorced her on 11 July 1987, relying on the Muslim Women (Protection…

The Supreme Court considered two special leave petitions filed by police inspectors seeking directions on the custody and disposal of seized property such as valuable articles, vehicles, liquor and narcotic drugs. The petitioners argued that the prosecution could not seek remand of accused for evidence collection after…

The case concerned the murder of Ravinder Singh, alleged to have been committed by Prem Singh and Deepinder Singh in a dispute over land. The trial court convicted both under Section 302 IPC, relying on eyewitness testimony, an extra‑judicial confession and alleged weapon recoveries. The High Court acquitted them, find…

The appellant, Dinesh Dutt Joshi, was accused of demanding a bribe for providing an electric connection. The trial court discharged him, but the Rajasthan High Court, invoking its inherent power under Section 482 of the Code of Criminal Procedure, set aside the discharge and ordered that charges be framed against him, …

The appellant, Sukhar, was convicted under Section 307 IPC for allegedly shooting his uncle Nakkal, who later died. The prosecution relied on the FIR, the victim's statements, and the testimony of PW2, who claimed the victim identified Sukhar as the shooter after PW2 arrived at the scene. The Supreme Court held that th…

The case concerned the conviction of Tarun Sharma under Section 302 IPC for the murder of Munish Kumar, based primarily on a dying declaration recorded by a police Sub‑Inspector. The Supreme Court examined whether the dying declaration was reliable, given that the victim had been unconscious for most of the period, the…

The case involved a minor girl who became pregnant after being allegedly raped separately by two accused, Hare Ram Sah and Manish Tiwari, in 2016. The trial court convicted them under IPC s.376(2) and POCSO §§4,6, imposing rigorous life imprisonment, but the High Court acquitted them, holding that the prosecution faile…

The case arose from an FIR filed by Kiran, a member of the Scheduled Caste ‘Mang’, alleging that Rajkumar Jain and others assaulted him, his mother and aunt with an iron rod, used caste‑based slurs and threatened to burn their house after he voted against a candidate. The accused sought anticipatory bail under Section …

The appellant, M/s Triveni Engineering and Industries Ltd., a sugar manufacturer, was ordered by the National Green Tribunal (NGT) to pay Rs.18 crore as environmental compensation for alleged illegal discharge of untreated effluents and related violations. The appellant challenged the orders on the ground that it was n…

The case concerns a murder that occurred in 1995, for which respondent No.2 was initially acquitted by the trial and High Courts but later convicted by the Supreme Court under Sections 302 and 307 of the IPC. The principal issue before the Court was the appropriate sentence, including whether the death penalty was warr…

The appellant, Bhadresh Bipinbhai Sheth, was originally charged in 2001 under Section 506(2) IPC for harassment. After a nine‑year delay, the prosecutrix sought addition of a rape charge under Section 376 IPC, which was finally framed in 2014. The appellant obtained anticipatory bail from the Additional Sessions Judge …

The appellants were convicted under Section 138 of the Negotiable Instruments Act in a summary trial before a Metropolitan Magistrate. After the magistrate recorded the substance of evidence, he was transferred and his successor proceeded with the trial relying on the recorded evidence, convicting the appellants. The a…

The case involved the murder of Sanjay Kumar, a union leader, who was shot with his own licensed pistol after being taken to a hotel by four accused Union members. The trial court convicted all four under Section 302 read with Section 34 of the IPC, but the High Court upheld the conviction of only two appellants, Santo…