ABHAY S OKA

The appellant, a Tehsildar, passed a land settlement order in 1997 which was later alleged to be illegal, leading to a show‑cause notice in 2009 and a chargesheet in 2011 after a 13‑year delay. The appellant challenged the chargesheet under the Judges Protection Act, 1985, arguing that the order was a quasi‑judicial ac…

The appellants' residential buildings in Prayagraj were demolished by the Prayagraj Development Authority (PDA) under Section 27 of the Uttar Pradesh Urban Planning and Development Act, 1973. The PDA issued a show‑cause notice on 18 December 2020 but merely affixed it without making genuine attempts at personal service…

The appellant, Karan Singh, was convicted under Sections 304-B and 498-A of the IPC for the alleged dowry death of his wife, Asha Rani, who committed suicide within two years of marriage. The prosecution's case relied on the testimonies of three witnesses, whose statements about dowry demands were found to contain sign…

The appellant, C & C Constructions Ltd., contracted with IRCON International Ltd. to construct five road over bridges, but delays attributable to the respondent led the appellant to seek extensions of time under clause 49 of the General Conditions of Contract (GCC). The appellant gave a solemn undertaking not to claim …

The appellant was convicted under Section 6 of the Protection of Children from Sexual Offences Act, 2012 and, on appeal, the High Court suspended his sentence and released him on bail under Section 389(1) of the CrPC. When the appeal was listed for hearing, the appellant's counsel sought a four‑week adjournment, and th…

The appellants, including the deceased's wife, were charged under Section 306 IPC for abetment of suicide after the husband Dinesh died by suicide on 09‑12‑2013. The prosecution relied on a torn diary page alleged to be a suicide note claiming continuous harassment by the accused from 10‑11‑2013 onward. The Supreme Cou…

The appellant, an Inspector of Police, refused to register a First Information Report (FIR) lodged by the complainant and used objectionable language while speaking to the complainant's mother. The State Human Rights Commission of Tamil Nadu held that this conduct violated the complainant's human rights and directed th…

The Supreme Court examined an appeal challenging a Bombay High Court order that disposed of a writ petition by adopting a "Minutes of Order" signed by counsel, without impleading parties who would be affected by the construction of a compound wall. The writ petition sought police protection for the wall's construction,…

Jindal Drugs Ltd. imported cocoa butter and cocoa powder and also received the same from its Jammu unit, then affixed two additional labels on each carton at its Taloja plant before exporting the goods. The Commissioner of Central Excise challenged the company's claim of CENVAT credit and export rebate, arguing that th…

The Directorate of Enforcement filed a complaint under the PMLA alleging that Pavana Dibbur conspired with accused Madhukar Angur to launder proceeds of a fraud at Alliance University by using nominal sale deeds and her bank accounts. The appellant challenged the complaint, arguing that the only predicate offence in th…

Vijay entered into an agreement to sell immovable property with the Union of India on 4 February 1988 and later sued for specific performance. The defendant denied the agreement's existence, prompting Vijay to seek admission of a photocopy of the agreement as secondary evidence, arguing that the document was not charge…

The Supreme Court considered appeals by Jaipur Vidyut Vitaran Nigam Ltd. and other distribution licensees challenging an Appellate Tribunal for Electricity (APTEL) order that set aside the Rajasthan Electricity Regulatory Commission's (State Commission) determination of Cross‑Subsidy Surcharges (CSS) effective 1 Decemb…

The Narcotic Control Bureau appealed against a High Court order that suspended the ten‑year rigorous imprisonment sentence of Lakhwinder Singh, convicted under the NDPS Act, and granted him bail pending appeal after he had served 4½ years. The issue was whether the appellate court could grant such relief when the convi…

M/s Oswal Petrochemicals Ltd. had classified its benzene and toluene products under chapter 29 (sub‑heading 2902.00) and obtained approval in 1990. The Excise Department later sampled the products, obtained test reports showing purity below 96%, and re‑classified them under chapter 27 (sub‑headings 2707.10 and 2707.20)…

The appellant, Consolidated Construction Consortium Ltd., was contracted by the respondent, Software Technology Parks of India, to construct a building. The contract stipulated liquidated damages for delay, but the respondent granted several extensions of time before finally deducting Rs. 82,43,499 as liquidated damage…

Smt. Sasikala Devi, appointed Assistant Grade‑II in the University of Calicut in 1988 and promoted to Assistant Grade‑I in 1989, was transferred to M.G. University where she received further promotions. In 1999 she sought an inter‑university transfer to Kerala University and, as per the transfer policy, was placed as t…

The Belgaum Urban Development Authority (BUDA) allotted residential plots to the respondents in 1990 and executed a lease‑cum‑sale agreement in 1991. Later BUDA demanded additional payment from the allottees, citing enhancement of compensation for land acquired to carve the plots. The respondents contested the demand, …

The appellant, a Rajya Sabha member, posted a video of a mass‑marriage on the social‑media platform X, in which a poem was recited in the background. The poem was alleged to promote communal enmity, leading the police to register an FIR under Sections 196, 197(1), 299, 302, 57 and 3(5) of the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita. T…

The appellant was convicted under IPC sections 366, 376 and 302 for raping, kidnapping and murdering a woman, and the trial court sentenced him to life imprisonment for the murder. The appellant appealed, arguing that only the High Court or Supreme Court can impose a modified punishment such as a fixed-term life senten…

The appellant, Sudershan Singh Wazir, was arraigned as an accused in a murder case and was discharged by the Sessions Court on 20 October 2023 upon furnishing a personal bond. The State of Delhi filed a revision challenging the discharge and the Delhi High Court, ex‑parte, stayed the discharge order and later directed …

Lance Naik Gursewak Singh and Lance Naik Kala Singh, both serving in the Indian Army, consumed liquor and got into a heated argument over seniority. Singh seized Kala's rifle and fired a single bullet, killing him. A court‑martial convicted Singh under IPC s.302 read with Army Act s.69, sentencing him to life imprisonm…

The dispute involved two lawyers practicing before the same courts in Kodaikanal who filed cross‑FIRs against each other for the same incident on 18 December 2017, alleging assault, threats and injury. Both FIRs named the same offences under Sections 294(b), 323 and 506(1) of the IPC, and the matter had been pending fo…

The former Tamil Nadu Transport Minister V. Senthil Balaji was arrested under the Prevention of Money Laundering Act (PMLA) for alleged involvement in a large‑scale job‑racketeering scheme, with the Enforcement Directorate filing a complaint under Section 3 of the PMLA punishable under Section 4. The High Court rejecte…

The case involved a group of accused who were originally acquitted by the Sessions Court for offences arising from a violent property dispute that resulted in death and injuries. The State appealed under Section 378 of the CrPC, and the Karnataka High Court set aside the acquittal, convicting the accused under IPC Sect…

The appellants challenged a second appeal filed under Section 100 of the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908, before the High Court of Uttarakhand. The High Court admitted the appeal without formulating any substantial question of law at the time of admission and later, during the hearing, confined itself to three questions.…

The appellant, Rekha Sharad Ushir, was accused of dishonouring a cheque issued to Saptashrungi Mahila Nagari Sahkari Patsansta Ltd., a credit co‑operative society, under Section 138 of the Negotiable Instruments Act. The society filed a complaint before the Judicial Magistrate, alleging default on a loan and the non‑pa…

The Supreme Court heard an appeal by Somdatt Builders‑NCC‑NEC (JV) against a Delhi High Court Division Bench order that set aside an arbitral award under Section 37 of the Arbitration and Conciliation Act, 1996. The dispute concerned whether the excess quantity of geogrid required for a reinforced earth wall, beyond th…

The appellant, Sangram Sadashiv Suryavanshi, was charged with counterfeiting offences under Sections 489A, 489B and 489C read with Section 34 of the Indian Penal Code, involving six counterfeit Rs.500 notes. He had been in custody for two and a half years, with no prior criminal record and the trial unlikely to conclud…

Shikha Trading Co. filed a writ petition challenging the illegal sealing of its shop by Excise and Taxation officers. The Punjab High Court, besides ordering the de‑sealing, directed that a criminal case be registered against Assistant Excise and Taxation Commissioner Rishi Pal Singh, alleging that he filed a false aff…

The Central Bureau of Investigation filed charge sheets in English in Vyapam scam cases, and the accused, who claimed they could not understand English, sought Hindi translations. The lower courts rejected the applications, but the Madhya Pradesh High Court held that Hindi, being the language of the criminal courts und…

The Bharatiya Kamgar Karmachari Mahasangh (union) represented 169 workmen employed by Jet Airways on fixed‑term contracts who had each completed more than 240 days of service. The union claimed that under the Bombay Model Standing Order the workmen should be deemed permanent, but the airline relied on a 2002 settlement…

The Supreme Court examined whether the security deposit amounts payable by a sales promoter under service agreements with Mount Shivalik Industries Ltd. constitute a financial debt or an operational debt under the Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code, 2016. The Court clarified that a "debt" exists only when there is a claim …

Harbhajan Singh, the registered owner of a truck that overturned and was found with narcotic powder, was convicted under Section 25 of the NDNDPS Act for allegedly permitting the vehicle's use in a drug offence. The prosecution relied on two witnesses who initially identified the driver and cleaner and named the owner,…

The appellant was convicted of raping his nine‑year‑old daughter under Sections 376, 377 and 506 of the IPC and sentenced to life imprisonment, with the trial judge adding a rider that no clemency could be granted before he served twenty years. The Delhi High Court affirmed the conviction and the same rider, and the ap…

The appellants purchased a 7,818 sq. m. property in Allahabad as tenants and paid stamp duty based on a market value of Rs.6,67,200 calculated using the municipal property‑tax method. The Assistant Stamp Collector re‑valued the land at Rs.24,000 per sq. m., fixing a market value of over Rs.19 crore and demanding a larg…

The dispute concerned the shares of Muslim parties in agricultural holdings (Khata Nos. 98, 99 and 100) in Sultanpur, Uttar Pradesh. The appellants, heirs of Zahoor Ahmed, claimed a half‑share in the lands, while the respondents, heirs of Sami Ullah, asserted that the appellants were entitled only to a one‑twelfth shar…

Ashok Sirpal was convicted under the IPC and the Prevention of Corruption Act for embezzling Rs 46 lakhs and was sentenced to seven years rigorous imprisonment (concurrent) and a fine of Rs 95 lakhs, with a default term of simple imprisonment for non‑payment of the fine. He appealed to the Delhi High Court, which suspe…

The petitioner, a welfare association, owned a resort property that the respondent was licensed to occupy for ten years on payment of monthly fees. The respondent repeatedly defaulted on those fees, leading to arbitration, a settlement reducing the fees, and subsequent execution proceedings ordering him to pay arrears …

The appellant, Firoz Khan Akbarkhan, was convicted along with a co‑accused for murder under Section 302 read with Section 34 of the IPC, based on eyewitness testimony that he stabbed the deceased with a knife. He challenged the conviction, arguing that the delay of two to three days in recording witness statements unde…

The appellant was accused, along with a co‑accused, of kidnapping and murdering a 16‑year‑old girl in Assam. The prosecution relied on three circumstantial links: the victim was last seen with the appellant, the appellant’s extra‑judicial confessions to several villagers, and the recovery of the dead body after those c…

The Supreme Court considered a dispute where a financial creditor had obtained a loan of Rs 100 crore from a corporate debtor (Gujarat Hydrocarbon and Power SEZ Ltd.) secured by a corporate guarantee furnished by its holding company, ACIL. After the corporate debtor defaulted, the creditor initiated insolvency proceedi…

The appellant was granted regular bail by a Special Court on 17 June 2023 in a PMLA case, after which the Enforcement Directorate sought cancellation of bail under Section 439(2) of the CrPC. The Delhi High Court, without hearing the appellant’s counsel, issued an ex‑parte interim stay of the bail order on 23 June 2023…

The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) introduced a pension scheme in 1990, offering several opportunities for employees to switch from the Contributory Provident Fund (CPF) to the pension scheme. M.T. Mani, who joined RBI in 1981 and retired in 2014, declined each earlier option and later exercised the last option under Admi…

K. Umadevi, a permanent teacher in the Tamil Nadu government, had two children from a first marriage before joining service and later remarried, becoming pregnant with her first child of the second marriage. She applied for maternity leave under Fundamental Rule 101(a), which limits leave to women with fewer than two s…

The appellants, officers of the Central Armed Police Forces (CAPFs), challenged the non‑recognition of their forces as Organized Group‑A Services (OGAS) and the consequent denial of benefits such as Non‑Functional Financial Upgradation (NFFU) and promotion opportunities. The Supreme Court examined earlier judgments, es…

The case arose from a violent incident on 14 November 2012 in which members of a political rival family were attacked, resulting in three deaths. The prosecution relied on three key witnesses – PW‑1, PW‑2 and a 10‑year‑old child PW‑9 – as well as fingerprint and weapon‑recovery evidence to secure convictions of accused…

Bijender Singh, an ex‑army officer, was invalided out in 1989 for generalized tonic‑clonic seizures assessed at less than 20% disability. The Armed Forces Tribunal (AFT) dismissed his petition for the disability element of pension, holding that because his disability was below 20% he was not entitled to it, and also di…

The appellants were convicted under Sections 364, 302, 120-B and 201 of the IPC for the abduction and murder of Gurpal Singh, based largely on the testimony of an alleged eyewitness, CCTV footage, and confessional statements made to police. The Supreme Court examined the credibility of the eyewitness, noting material o…

The appellant, an Additional District and Sessions Judge, appealed to the Supreme Court seeking expungement of adverse remarks recorded by the Delhi High Court in its order dated 2 March 2023. The remarks criticized the appellant’s conduct in rejecting an anticipatory bail application and directing inquiries against po…

The appellants were convicted under Sections 302, 307 and 34 of the IPC for the murder of Sukha based primarily on the testimony of the complainant and other prosecution witnesses. During bail proceedings, three eyewitnesses submitted affidavits stating that the appellants were not involved, but the investigating offic…

The Supreme Court examined a criminal appeal filed by the State of West Bengal challenging a High Court order that had set aside the conviction of an accused under the POCSO Act and IPC for raping a 14‑year‑old girl who later married him and bore a child. The Court restored the conviction for offences under Section 6 o…

The appellant, a successful bidder for sand mining, was issued a demand notice requiring a deposit of 10% of the total bid amount with the District Mineral Foundation (DMF) Trust. The appellant challenged the notice, arguing that Section 9B of the Mines and Minerals (Development and Regulation) Act, 1957, limited the p…

The case concerned the alleged murder of Amina and her three daughters by setting them on fire, for which the accused, Aejaz Ahmad Sheikh's brother, was initially convicted and sentenced to death. The High Court later acquitted him, prompting appeals by the State and the complainant. The Supreme Court examined the reli…

The Supreme Court, acting suo motu, examined the problem of large sums of unclaimed compensation lying with Motor Accident Claims Tribunals (MACTs) and Labour Courts under the Motor Vehicles Act, 1988 and the Workmen’s Compensation Act, 1923, after an email from a retired district judge highlighted the issue. The Court…

A four‑year‑old girl studying in the nursery class of Maxfort School, Delhi, alleged that a classmate sexually assaulted her. A charge‑sheet was filed under Section 21 of the POCSO Act read with Section 75 of the Juvenile Justice (Care and Protection of Children) Act against the school principal, two teachers and the V…

The Delhi Development Authority appealed against a Delhi High Court order that held the acquisition of a 3,500‑hectare parcel of land had lapsed under Section 24(2) of the Right to Fair Compensation and Transparency in Land Acquisition, Rehabilitation and Resettlement Act, 2013 because compensation had not been paid. T…

Mafabhai Motibhai Sagar was convicted of murder and related offences and sentenced to life imprisonment. After the Supreme Court directed a speedy decision on his remission application, the Gujarat Government granted remission but imposed four conditions, two of which the appellant challenged as vague and arbitrary. Th…

The Foreign Exchange Management Act, 1999 (FEMA) repealed the Foreign Exchange Regulation Act, 1973 (FERA) but saved prosecutions for offences under sections 56 and 57 of FERA if cognizance was taken within two years of FEMA's commencement. An Enforcement Officer appointed under FERA filed a complaint on 11 February 20…

The case concerned two teachers who challenged actions taken against them by the Air Force School, Bamrauli, alleging that the school was a "state or authority" under Article 12 of the Constitution and therefore subject to writ jurisdiction under Article 226. The majority held that the school, managed by the Indian Air…

The appellant, Arun H Shah HUF, challenged an ex parte certificate of deemed conveyance issued by the competent authority under Section 11 of the Maharashtra Ownership Flats Act, which granted the first respondent cooperative society title to the entire larger plot subject to a condition that it execute a permanent lea…

Electrosteel Steel Ltd. (now ESL Steel Ltd.) filed a petition under Article 227 challenging an order that directed it to comply with an arbitral award dated 06.07.2018 passed by the West Bengal MSME Facilitation Council in favour of Ispat Carrier Pvt. Ltd. The award was rendered after the corporate debtor’s insolvency …

Larsen & Toubro (L&T) and Puri Construction Ltd (PCL) entered into a Development Agreement for land development, later supplemented by a Supplementary Agreement and a Tripartite Agreement involving a bank. Disputes arose over alleged economic duress, non‑fulfilment of conditions precedent, and L&T's abandonment of the …

The Supreme Court examined a notification that exempted the extraction of ordinary earth for linear projects such as roads and pipelines from the requirement of prior environmental clearance. The petitioners argued that this blanket exemption was arbitrary, violated Articles 14 and 21 of the Constitution, and was issue…

The appellant Ram Singh was convicted under Sections 301, 302 and 307 of the Indian Penal Code for the death of his mother-in-law, based on eyewitness testimony that he fired a pistol at the informant but the bullet struck the mother. The prosecution failed to recover the alleged weapon, did not obtain a ballistic repo…

The petitioners, Ram Nath and others, challenged prosecutions under Sections 272 and 273 of the Indian Penal Code (IPC) for alleged adulteration and sale of noxious food, arguing that the Food Safety and Standards Act, 2006 (FSSA) had an overriding effect. The State of Uttar Pradesh contended that simultaneous prosecut…

The Enforcement Directorate detained Subhash Sharma under a Look Out Circular at IGI Airport on 4 March 2022 and later took him into physical custody on 5 March 2022, but failed to produce him before the nearest magistrate within the statutory 24‑hour period. The High Court held that this breach of Article 22(2) of the…

The State of Jharkhand filed an FIR alleging that Dr. Nishkant Dubey and others forcibly entered the Air Traffic Control (ATC) room at Deoghar Airport, exerted pressure on officials, and caused an unsafe take‑off, invoking Sections 336, 447 and 448 of the IPC and Sections 10 and 11A of the Aircraft Act. The High Court …

The State of Punjab sought to levy royalty on brick earth excavated by private brick‑kiln operators, who argued that the land and the mineral were privately owned and that the State had no authority to impose such a charge. The lower courts held that, under Section 42 of the Punjab Land Revenue Act, the quarry lands ve…

The Supreme Court examined a criminal appeal filed by the State of West Bengal against a High Court order that set aside the conviction of a 25‑year‑old accused under Section 6 of the POCSO Act and Sections 376(2)(n) and 376(3) of the IPC for raping a 14‑year‑old girl who later gave birth to his child. The Court held t…

Shital Fibers Ltd. claimed deductions under Sections 80‑HHC, 80‑IA and 80‑IB for the assessment year 2002‑03 and the Revenue disallowed the deductions, leading to a series of appeals up to the Supreme Court. The central issue was the interpretation of sub‑section (9) of Section 80‑IA of the Income Tax Act, 1961, specif…

The appellant, a teacher in the Kendriya Vidyalaya system, was dismissed after a departmental inquiry found that she had benefitted from a fake transfer order dated 01.10.1991. She challenged the dismissal on grounds that the chargesheet was vague, the principles of natural justice were breached by non‑supply of the pr…

Charan Singh, the husband of the deceased Chhilo Kaur, was convicted under Sections 304B, 498A and 201 of the IPC for allegedly killing his wife over dowry demands. The trial court sentenced him to ten years' rigorous imprisonment under 304B, two years each under 498A and 201, which the High Court later reduced the 304…

The appeal concerned a corporate debtor, Tehri Iron and Steel Casting Ltd., whose resolution plan was approved by the NCLT on 21 May 2019. The plan listed certain statutory and contingent liabilities, but omitted income‑tax demands for assessment years 2012‑13 and 2013‑14. After the plan’s approval, the Income Tax Depa…

The appellant, convicted of murder and sentenced to thirty years without remission, filed a Special Leave Petition (SLP) in the Supreme Court but suppressed the fixed‑term nature of his sentence, leading the Court to initially treat the case as a simple life sentence. The SLP was drafted by senior advocate Rishi Malhot…

The Supreme Court examined whether the price fixed under a 2002 Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) among oil marketing companies (OMCs) could be treated as the sole consideration for excise duty valuation under Section 4(1)(a) of the Central Excise Act, 1944. It held that the MOU was primarily a supply‑ensuring arrangem…

The Supreme Court examined whether several foreign banks that had extended loans to Reliance entities could be treated as "financial creditors" of Reliance Infratel Ltd (the corporate debtor) under Section 5(7) of the Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code, 2016. The dispute arose because the corporate debtor, Reliance Communi…

The respondent, a clerk‑typist of State Bank of India, was due to superannuate on 26‑Dec‑2003 after 30 years of service but was granted an extension until 1‑Oct‑2010. Allegations of loan irregularities led to a suspension in August 2009, but the charge memo initiating disciplinary proceedings was issued only on 18‑Mar‑…

Indrakunwar was convicted under Section 302 IPC for allegedly killing a newborn child she was said to have delivered and then thrown into a pond. The prosecution’s case rested on circumstantial evidence and the accused's statement under Section 313 CrPC, but failed to establish any relationship between the accused and …

M/s Patanjali Foods Ltd. (formerly Ruchi Soya Industries Ltd.) challenged the customs department’s encashment of bank guarantees that were furnished as security under interim High Court orders. The company argued that such encashment could not be treated as "payment of duty" for purposes of a refund under Section 27 of…

The appellants, Ramji Prasad Jaiswal, Ashok Kumar Jaiswal and Bal Mukund Jaiswal, were convicted for a 1982 fraud against the State Bank of India under IPC sections 420, 468, 471, 120B and the Prevention of Corruption Act. During the trial, their statements under Section 313 of the CrPC were recorded by asking only fou…

The appellant, a senior officer of Union Bank of India, was suspended in August 2018 and later served a charge‑sheet in June 2019 for alleged laxity in sanctioning credit proposals. The bank claimed the delay in issuing the charge‑sheet was due to seeking the first‑stage advice of the Central Vigilance Commission (CVC)…

The appellant, a duly elected MLA, challenged an election petition filed by the first respondent that alleged improper acceptance of his nomination papers and corrupt practices. The petition relied on representations to the Returning Officer and alleged misuse of government vehicles and suppression of Election Commissi…

The State appealed against the High Court’s order that set aside the respondents' conviction for murder (s.302 read with s.149 IPC) and substituted it with a conviction for culpable homicide not amounting to murder (second part of s.304 read with s.149). The Supreme Court examined the medical evidence, which showed tha…

The case arose from a 1990 kidnapping and murder of the Vice Chancellor of Kashmir University and his personal secretary, allegedly carried out by members of the JKSLF. The CBI charged several accused, including Mohd. Salim Zargar, under the Ranbir Penal Code and the now‑repealed TADA Act. The Special Court acquitted a…

The case concerned Pranav Srinivasan, born in Singapore in 1999 to parents who had renounced Indian citizenship by acquiring Singapore citizenship in 1998. Pranav applied in 2017 for resumption of Indian citizenship under Section 8(2) of the Citizenship Act, 1955, and the High Court held he was entitled to it, but the …

Abhishek Sharma was convicted of murder under Section 302 IPC for allegedly setting his colleague Mandeep Kaur on fire after a quarrel. The prosecution's case rested on four dying declarations made by the victim to various police officers, a doctor, and her mother. The Supreme Court examined the admissibility and relia…

The appellants, relatives of the respondent Vidhi Rawal, sought to quash a domestic‑violence application filed by the respondent under Section 12 of the Protection of Women from Domestic Violence Act, 2005, by invoking the High Court's inherent jurisdiction under Section 482 of the Criminal Procedure Code, 1973 (and Se…

The case involved an acid attack on a woman at a railway crossing, where accused Hakim (Accused No.1) and Umesh (Accused No.2) were convicted under Section 326A read with Section 34 of the Indian Penal Code. The appellants challenged the conviction on the grounds that the prosecution failed to prove the eye injury and …

The case involves the murder of Captain Manmohan Singh Virdi, whose body was discovered in a pool of blood. A chargesheet was filed against respondents 1 (Hussain Mohammed Shattaf) and 2 (Waheeda Hussain Shattaf) after an investigation that included statements, psychological profiling, polygraph and BEOS tests. The tri…

The Government of NCT of Delhi appealed against a Delhi High Court order that had allowed a writ petition filed by Ravinder Kumar Jain, who purchased land in 2003, invoking Section 24(2) of the Right to Fair Compensation and Transparency in Land Acquisition, Rehabilitation and Resettlement Act, 2013 to claim that the e…

In a suo motu writ petition, the Supreme Court examined the statutory framework governing premature release (remission) of convicts under Section 432 of the Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973 and Section 473 of the Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita, 2023. The Court considered whether remission could be granted without a…

The appellant, alleged active member of the Popular Front of India (PFI), was arrested in July 2022 for allegedly planning disturbances during the Prime Minister's visit to Patna. He was charged under several sections of the IPC and the Unlawful Activities (Prevention) Act (UAPA), but the chargesheet had not been frame…

The North Delhi Municipal Corporation (appellant) contracted with M/s S.A. Builders Ltd. (respondent) for construction work, which was not completed and led to a dispute. An arbitrator awarded Rs. 1,70,70,720.80 with simple interest and later issued a clarification on 15 March 2005 regarding post‑award interest, after …

The appellant, a District and Sessions Judge of Rajasthan, was criticised by the Rajasthan High Court for not including a tabular chart of the accused's antecedents in a bail order, as directed in the Jugal Kishore case. The High Court deemed this non‑compliance as indiscipline and possibly contempt, ordering the judge…

The appellant, a police guard, was carrying a semi‑automatic carbine when he was asked by a Sub‑Inspector to stop a constable from using the police telephone. During a scuffle the weapon became entangled in the appellant's belt chain, causing an accidental discharge of five rounds that struck the constable, who later d…

The case concerned disciplinary proceedings against a senior employee of Indian Oil Corporation for alleged tampering of bid documents in a refinery tender. An inquiry found that the employee's signature appeared on a altered quotation, leading to a penalty of withholding five annual increments. The employee challenged…

The appellant, M/s Sri Mahavir Agency, a vendor, bought packaged pan‑masala (Pan Parag) from the manufacturer M/s Kothari Pouches Ltd. and sold it to customers. Samples seized from a buyer’s premises were tested and found to be below the standards prescribed under the Prevention of Food Adulteration Act, 1954, leading …

The appellant, a Sub‑Registrar, was convicted under the Prevention of Corruption Act for demanding a Rs.500 gratification to release a registered sale deed. The prosecution relied on a trap operation and the testimony of a shadow witness, but the complainant, who was the key witness to the alleged demand, was declared …

The appellant, an Electricity Inspector, was convicted under the Prevention of Corruption Act, 1988 for allegedly demanding a bribe of Rs 10,000 to facilitate the installation of an electricity meter. The prosecution’s case rested mainly on the testimony of a shadow‑witness (PW‑5) and on the recovery of cash from the a…

The State of Punjab amended the Punjab Value Added Tax Rules on 25 January 2014 by inserting sub‑rule (8) in Rule 21, which allowed input tax credit (ITC) on stock of goods to be claimed at the reduced tax rate that became applicable on 1 February 2014. The amendment was made before the parent statute, the Punjab VAT A…

The appellant filed an FIR alleging that the Village Accountant (respondent No.2), a public servant, colluded to create fake land and death documents for illegal gain. The investigating officer sought sanction under Section 197 of the Cr.PC to prosecute the respondent, but the competent authority refused, leading the H…

The case concerned whether a scheduled bank could claim a tax deduction for the broken‑period interest paid when it purchased government securities that are classified as Held‑to‑Maturity (HTM). The bank argued that the securities are stock‑in‑trade, so the broken‑period interest is a revenue expense deductible under S…

The appellant, Ambalal Parihar, challenged eight FIRs registered against the second to fourth respondents. After two petitions under Section 482 of the CrPC were dismissed without interim relief, the respondents filed a civil writ petition seeking to club the eight FIRs and obtain a direction that no coercive action be…

The petitioners challenged the Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change's 2017 Notification and the 2021 Office Memorandum, which sought to grant ex post facto environmental clearances for projects that had commenced without prior clearance under the 2006 EIA Notification. The Court examined whether such retr…

The dispute involved Dani Wooltex Corporation (appellant) and Sheil Properties (respondent) arising from parallel arbitrations concerning a development agreement and a memorandum of understanding. While the arbitration concerning Marico Industries concluded with an award in 2017, the arbitration concerning Sheil's clai…

The appellants were accused under complaints filed under section 44(1)(b) of the Prevention of Money Laundering Act, 2002 and the Special Court took cognizance of the offence under section 4 of the Act without the Enforcement Directorate having arrested them. The Court examined whether the procedural provisions of the …

The State of Rajasthan challenged the validity of sub‑rule (20) of Rule 17 of the Central Sales Tax (Rajasthan) Rules, 1957, which allowed the cancellation of Form C declarations issued by dealers on grounds of fraud or misrepresentation. The High Court held that the State lacked authority to make such a rule because i…

The employer, M/s. Creative Garments Ltd., appealed against a Labour Court award that reinstated employee Kashiram Verma with back wages. The employee never reported for duty despite multiple communications, and his permanent address was never furnished; only a "care of Union" address was provided. The Supreme Court fo…

The appellant Mahendra Awase was charged under Section 306 of the IPC for allegedly abetting the suicide of Ranjit Singh, who had taken a loan and was reportedly harassed by the appellant for repayment. The prosecution relied on a suicide note and audio transcripts of heated conversations, but the Supreme Court examine…

The appellant, M/s Interstate Construction, executed work orders for a power project for the respondent, NPCC, and later disputed certain recoveries, leading to arbitration. The arbitral tribunal awarded the appellant principal sum plus interest, distinguishing pre‑reference, pendente‑lite and future interest periods. …

The appellant, Rajendra Kolhe, was convicted of murder under Section 302 read with Section 34 of the IPC for allegedly setting his wife Rekha on fire with the aid of his brother‑in‑law. The conviction was based primarily on Rekha's dying declaration (Ex. 59) recorded in the hospital, which implicated the appellant and …

The appellant was ordered by a Judicial Magistrate to deposit Rs.10,00,000 as interim compensation under s.143A(1) of the Negotiable Instruments Act in a complaint under s.138 for a dishonoured cheque. The appellant challenged the order, arguing that s.143A(1) uses the word "may" and is therefore discretionary, not man…

Air Commodore N.K. Sharma, a Judge Advocate General (Air) in the Indian Air Force, claimed that the Ministry of Defence failed to form a policy for filling the upgraded AVM JAG (Air) post and that his promotion was unjustly denied. He filed a complaint under Section 27 of the Air Force Act, which led the Armed Forces T…

The appellant, a director of Bharti Retail, was charged with misbranding food products on 29 November 2010 under the Prevention of Food Adulteration Act, 1954 (PFA). Although the PFA was still in force, the Food Safety and Standards Act, 2006 (FSSA) – including its penalty provision (Section 52) and overriding clause (…

The appellant, Dhananjay Rai, was convicted of murder, criminal conspiracy and illegal possession of arms and appealed the conviction before the Patna High Court. The appeal was admitted, but the appellant subsequently absconded, leading the High Court to dismiss the appeal on the ground of non‑prosecution. The Supreme…

The Himachal Pradesh Power Transmission Corporation Ltd (HPPTC) built a 66 kV Bay at Urni for three generating companies and sought the full construction cost from Brua Hydrowatt Pvt Ltd (BHP), the lead partner, under a Connection Agreement dated 02‑07‑2021. BHP argued that the cost should be shared proportionately wit…

Noble Resources and Trading India Private Ltd, a two‑star export house, imported crude degummed soybean oil under a duty‑free credit entitlement certificate issued pursuant to the EXIM Policy 2002‑2007. The Customs authorities denied the exemption, holding that the oil was an agricultural product excluded by Notificati…

The appellant was convicted under Sections 302 r/w 34 and 201 of the IPC for the murder of two boys, the conviction being based solely on an alleged extra‑judicial confession. The prosecution alleged that the appellant confessed to several witnesses (PW‑1 to PW‑9), but the key witnesses (PW‑7, PW‑8, PW‑9) gave inconsis…

The appellant, Tinku, son of a constable who died on duty in 1997, sought a compassionate appointment after attaining majority in 2008, relying on earlier communications that his name was entered in a Minor's Register. The State rejected his claim, invoking a 1999 government instruction that a dependent must attain maj…

On 7 November 2003 a large mob in Ahmedabad assaulted several persons, burnt a two-wheeler and an auto‑rickshaw, and snatched the gold chain of PW‑2. The appellant, accused No.6, was identified only by PW‑2’s testimony given two years later, without any identification parade and amidst a crowd of 50‑100 people. The tri…

The appellants, retired physical instructors of Karnataka government colleges, sought the benefit of a revised University Grants Commission (UGC) pay scale that was granted to similarly placed employees under a Government order dated 15 November 1999. They were denied this benefit, leading to litigation in the Karnatak…

The appellant, a retired police constable, was charged under the UAPA and IPC for alleged involvement in activities of the Popular Front of India (PFI) at a building owned by his wife. He sought bail before the Special Court and the High Court, both of which denied it while granting bail to a co‑accused. The Supreme Co…

The Supreme Court examined the procedure for designating Senior Advocates after concerns were raised in Jitender @ Kalla regarding the 100‑point assessment and the role of bar members in the Permanent Committee. It considered whether the point‑based system introduced in Indira Jaising I and modified in Indira Jaising I…

The appellants were convicted for murder, attempted murder and related offences under Sections 147, 148, 149, 302 and 307 of the IPC based on the testimony of several injured eyewitnesses. The eyewitnesses either knew some of the accused before the incident or did not, but none of them positively identified the accused…

The appellant, a radiologist, was raided on 27 April 2017 after a decoy patient alleged that his clinic performed illegal sex‑determination ultrasounds. The raid was conducted by a team authorized only by the Civil Surgeon, who was the Chairman of the district Appropriate Authority, without the consent of the other mem…

The respondents claimed ownership of land that had been recorded in the 1962 Record of Rights and later allotted to the Reserve Bank of India. They appealed to the Settlement Officer in 1990, filed a civil suit in 2003 (withdrawn in 2007 without permission to re‑file), and finally filed a writ petition in 2008 seeking …

Wipro Finance Ltd. borrowed a foreign‑currency loan to finance its leasing and hire‑purchase business and incurred a loss due to exchange‑rate fluctuations while repaying the loan. The company claimed a deduction for this loss under section 37 of the Income Tax Act, 1961, and also sought to treat a sum previously capit…

The case arose from a decree of nullity under Section 11 of the Hindu Marriage Act, 1955, wherein the Punjab & Haryana High Court had held the marriage void. The appellant contested whether, despite the void status, the spouse could claim permanent alimony under Section 25 and interim maintenance under Section 24 of th…

The appellants, North Eastern Chemicals Industries Ltd. and another, claimed payment of principal and interest from Ashok Paper Mill (Assam) Ltd. under the Jogighopa (Assam) Unit of Ashok Paper Mills Limited (Acquisition Transfer of Undertaking) Act, 1990. The Commissioner of Payments awarded the principal but initiall…

The appellant, Sathyan, was arrested in October 2003 for carrying five litres of arrack in his autorickshaw and was convicted under Section 8 of the Abkari Act based solely on the testimony of two official witnesses, an Excise Inspector and an Assistant Excise Inspector. He challenged the conviction, arguing that the l…

The deceased was found dead on 30 May 2011 and an FIR was lodged; the father (PW‑1) and brother (PW‑2) of the deceased gave statements that eventually pointed suspicion at the appellant, a friend of the deceased. A firearm and related items were recovered under Section 27 of the Indian Evidence Act, but the recovery wa…

The appellants A1 and A3 were convicted under Section 302 read with Section 34 of the IPC for the murder of a man in a liquor‑store queue, based primarily on the testimony of a single eye‑witness (PW3) and the prosecution’s claim of a common intention. Both the trial court and the Delhi High Court relied on an adverse …

The respondent approached HCMI Education to secure admission to an MBBS programme in the Philippines for the 2007-2008 academic year. After admission was obtained, the Philippine Commission on Higher Education abolished the MBBS programme effective 2008-2009 and offered an alternative BS Biology course, which the respo…

Canara Bank (successor to Syndicate Bank) filed an application under Section 7 of the Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code, 2016 (IBC) against its corporate debtor, Kranthi Edifice Pvt. Ltd., alleging default on a secured overdraft facility and bank guarantees. The National Company Law Tribunal (NCLT) admitted the petition a…

Raj Kumar (also known as Suman) was convicted for murder and attempted murder arising from a 1995 incident, based solely on the testimony of PW‑5 that he was standing with a katta (handgun) near the gate of the crime scene. The trial court failed to put this material circumstance to the accused during his Section 313 e…

The Union, exercising powers under Section 87 of the Punjab Reorganisation Act, 1966, issued a notification on 13 April 2018 extending the Punjab (Regulation of Fees of Unaided Educational Institutions) Act, 2016 to the Union Territory of Chandigarh. The notification inserted a third proviso requiring unaided schools t…

The Delhi Development Authority (DDA) sought to acquire several parcels of land under the Land Acquisition Act, 1894, and the compensation was deposited with the Land Acquisition Collector but not paid to the owners. The owners filed writ petitions under Section 24(2) of the Right to Fair Compensation and Transparency …

The appellant, a charitable trust, owned land forming part of Khasra No. 4833 and filed a suit for possession alleging encroachment by the respondents, who claimed they had been in possession for over 34 years and had acquired ownership by adverse possession. The trial court decreed possession in favour of the trust, b…

The Land and Building Department appealed a Delhi High Court order that held the acquisition of land in Ghonda, Delhi had lapsed under Section 24(2) of the 2013 Act because compensation had not been paid. The High Court relied on Pune Municipal Corporation v. Misirimal Solanki, interpreting the provision to require bot…

The appellants Kamal Prasad, Shersingh and Bhavdas were convicted for murder, attempted murder and offences under the Explosive Substance Act based on the testimony of three eyewitnesses who identified them at the scene where bombs and weapons were used, resulting in the deaths of Chetram and his son Kapildeo. The appe…

The appellant, a society, challenged the applicability of various Central and State statutes to the Sundargarh district of Orissa, which had been declared a Scheduled Area under Clause 6 of the Fifth Schedule. It contended that non‑tribals could not settle, vote, or contest elections there and that all constituencies s…

The appeal concerned the appropriate starting point of limitation for filing an application under Rule 95 of Order XXI of the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908, after a property was sold in execution. The sale was confirmed on 16 July 2009, a sale certificate was issued on 5 February 2010, and the purchaser filed a Rule‑95…

The father and son appellants were acquitted by the Sessions Court of murder under IPC s.302 read with s.34. The State appealed, and the Gujarat High Court reversed the acquittal, convicting them of murder and assault under s.323. The Supreme Court examined whether an appellate court can overturn an acquittal and held …

The Supreme Court examined the case of two convicts sentenced to death for the rape and murder of a woman, focusing on the inordinate and unexplained delay in executing the death sentence. The convicts filed mercy petitions with the Governor of Maharashtra and the President of India, which were rejected after prolonged…

The case concerned the conviction of two accused, Sajeev (A10) and Roy (A11), for their role in a conspiracy to mix methyl alcohol with spirit and sell it as illicit liquor, which caused seven deaths, eleven cases of blindness and injuries to over forty persons. The trial court and Kerala High Court convicted them unde…

The appellant, accused No.2, was convicted by the High Court of murder under Section 302 read with Section 34 of the IPC and of causing disappearance of evidence under Section 201 IPC. The conviction under Section 302/34 was based on the appellate court’s alteration of the original charge (Section 302 with Sections 148…

The dispute concerned a 30-cent parcel of government "puramboke" land in Kudayathoor village, which the claimants alleged they had possessed since 1940 and sought title by adverse possession. The High Court, in a second appeal, held that the claimants were entitled to ownership based on long possession, overturning the…

The case concerned a registered agreement for sale of 2.90 acres of land executed in 1981, which the plaintiffs sought to enforce by specific performance. The defendants argued that the agreement was a sham, forged, and that they were bona‑fide purchasers without notice of the agreement. The Supreme Court held that Sec…

The appellant, Ratnu Yadav, was convicted by the Sessions Court and upheld by the High Court for murder of his step‑mother under Section 302 IPC, based primarily on an alleged extra‑judicial confession before a village officer (PW‑1) and the testimony of the deceased’s brother (PW‑5) that the appellant dragged the vict…

The Wikimedia Foundation, as a defendant in a defamation suit filed by ANI Media, appealed a High Court order directing it to delete Wikipedia pages and discussion threads that commented on the court's proceedings, alleging that the order violated its freedom of speech and the sub judice principle. The High Court had h…

A complaint under Section 44(1)(b) of the Prevention of Money Laundering Act, 2002 was filed on 2 August 2024 naming the appellant as an accused. The Special Judge took cognizance of the offence without first giving the accused an opportunity to be heard, contrary to the proviso to sub‑section (1) of Section 223 of the…

The assessees entered into contracts to provide motor vehicles, cranes and related equipment to ONGC and tank trucks to IOCL, and the tax authorities treated these arrangements as sales under Clause 29A(d) of Article 366, imposing sales tax and VAT. The assessees contended that the contracts were for services, not for …

The Commissioner of Central Excise issued show‑cause notices alleging that Miraj Products packaged chewing tobacco in poly packs that were group packages intended for retail sale, thereby attracting Section 4A of the Central Excise Act, 1944. Miraj contended that the poly packs were placed inside HDPE bags, which were …

The appellants, trustees of a trust, entered into sale agreements with the second respondent and his brother, which later led to a suit for specific performance. The suit was withdrawn after an out‑of‑court settlement, but the second respondent filed a criminal complaint alleging fraud and other offences. The appellant…

The dispute arose from a slum redevelopment project where the respondent, Samir Narain Bhojwani, alleged default by the appellant, Bombay Slum Redevelopment Corporation Private Limited, leading to arbitration and an award in favour of the respondent. The appellant challenged the award under Section 34 of the Arbitratio…

The State of West Bengal appointed Rajpath Contractors to construct a bridge, and an arbitral award dated 30 June 2022 directed the State to pay Rs.2.11 crore. The State received the award on the same day and filed a petition under Section 34 of the Arbitration and Conciliation Act on 31 October 2022, after the Calcutt…

Har Narayan Tewari filed a title suit seeking declaration of his ownership and possession over 0.30 acres of land in Ramgarh village. The Cantonment Board, Ramgarh, contested the claim, while an earlier suit (Title Suit No. 8/64) filed by Maharani sought title over the entire 5.38 acres, including the disputed 0.30 acr…

The appellant was convicted of murder under Section 302 IPC based on eyewitness testimony, an alleged extra‑judicial confession to his employer (PW‑19), and a dying declaration by the victim (PW‑24). The Supreme Court examined the credibility of the extra‑judicial confession, noting that the appellant had worked for th…

The appellant, Shiv Pratap Singh Rana, was charged under Sections 376(2)(n) and 506 of the IPC for allegedly raping and threatening the prosecutrix by promising marriage and blackmailing her with photographs. The prosecution’s case relied on the prosecutrix’s statements recorded under Sections 161 and 164 of the Cr.P.C…

Frank Vitus, a Nigerian national, was charged under Sections 8, 22, 23 and 29 of the NDPS Act. The Special Judge granted him bail but imposed two conditions: a certificate of assurance from the High Commission of Nigeria that he would not leave India and a requirement to drop a PIN on Google Maps to disclose his locati…

The Haryana Urban Development Authority (HUDA) and other officials demanded an additional price from Jagdeep Singh for a plot allotted in 1986, alleging that the land cost had risen after the Animal Husbandry Department transferred the land to HUDA at a lower rate. Singh filed a suit in 2003 challenging the demand, and…

The respondent, a conductor appointed in 1981, exercised his option in 1991 to join the pension scheme created by the Calcutta State Transport Corporation Employees’ Service (Death cum Retirement Benefits) Regulations, 1990, which had retrospective effect from 1 April 1984. Upon voluntary retirement in 2017, he receive…

The Rajasthan High Court advertised recruitment for Civil Judges in 2021, requiring candidates to submit caste certificates but without specifying a cut‑off date for their issuance. After the preliminary and mains exams, several OBC‑NCL, MBC‑NCL and EWS candidates were excluded from the interview list because their cer…

The petitioners challenged a complaint filed by the Directorate of Enforcement under Section 44(1)(b) of the Prevention of Money Laundering Act, 2002 (PMLA), arguing that the offences alleged, except for IPC Section 120B, were not "scheduled offences" as required by clause (y) of Section 2(1) of the PMLA. The Supreme C…

The Supreme Court heard petitions concerning the safety of the Mullaperiyar Dam after the enactment of the Dam Safety Act, 2021. The Court noted that the Act creates a multi‑tier institutional framework, including a National Dam Safety Authority (NDSA) under s.8 with functions detailed in s.9. Since the regular NDSA is…

The appellant, a former Indian Army sepoy, was medically invalided and discharged after being diagnosed with schizophrenia, with the Medical Board concluding the disorder was a constitutional personality disorder unrelated to his service. He sought a disability pension, but the pension authority rejected his claim base…

The Delhi Development Authority (DDA) had executed an agreement to lease a plot of land to M/s Mehta Constructions in 1957, but the lease deed was never executed, so no leasehold rights were created. Mehta Constructions later sold the plot to M/s Pure Drinks (the second respondent) via a registered sale deed in 1985. T…

The appellant, a college professor, was charged under Section 153-A of the IPC for WhatsApp status messages protesting the abrogation of Article 370 and wishing Pakistan a happy Independence Day. He sought a writ petition to quash the FIR, which the Bombay High Court dismissed. The Supreme Court examined whether the me…

The Enforcement Directorate filed complaints under Section 44(1)(b) of the PMLA alleging money‑laundering offences by two civil servants, one a Vice Chairman/Managing Director of a state corporation and the other a Principal Secretary of the Andhra Pradesh government. The Special Court took cognizance of the complaints…

The case concerned the conviction of six appellants for offences under various sections of the IPC, based primarily on a dying declaration, ocular testimony and circumstantial evidence. The trial court had acquitted all accused, but the Karnataka High Court overturned the acquittals of five appellants, sentencing them …

The appellant, K.M. Krishna Reddy, filed a suit for perpetual injunction claiming ownership of a family property inherited from his father and alleged interference by the respondents. The respondents counter‑claimed that they had acquired title by adverse possession since 1978 and also asserted an agreement for sale by…

Baccarose Perfumes and Beauty Products Pvt. Ltd (the appellant) challenged the Special Judge's order taking cognizance of alleged offences relating to the payment of Countervailing Duty (CVD) on invoice value instead of Maximum Retail Price (MRP). The company claimed that it had been granted immunity from prosecution u…

The case concerned a two‑year‑seven‑month‑old girl whose mother died in an unnatural death. The child had been in the care of her maternal aunts and grandparents since she was 11 months old. The father, who had been arrested and later released on bail, filed a habeas‑corpus petition before the Madhya Pradesh High Court…

The appellant, A. Raja, contested and won the Devikulam Assembly seat, a constituency reserved for Scheduled Castes, by filing a nomination stating he belonged to the Hindu Parayan caste, supported by a caste certificate. The respondent challenged the election, alleging that the appellant's paternal grandparents migrat…

The appellant, accused in a NIA case, challenged an order of the Special Court that granted witness protection to a large number of witnesses under sub‑section 2 of section 44 of the UAPA and the corresponding provision in the NIA Act, without recording individual satisfaction for each witness. The High Court upheld mo…

Arabian Exports Private Limited (the appellant) claimed insurance proceeds for flood damage amounting to Rs 5,71,69,554 against National Insurance Company Ltd. (the respondent). After a long delay, the respondent offered a much lower sum of Rs 1,88,14,146, which the appellant accepted by signing an undated voucher and …

The appellant, K. Gopi, sought registration of a sale deed executed by Jayaraman Mudaliyar, but the Sub‑Registrar refused on the ground that the vendor’s title was not established. The High Court upheld the refusal, relying on Rule 55A(i) of the Tamil Nadu Registration Rules, and dismissed the appellant’s writ petition…

The appellants, a contractor and a store manager, were charged with offences under Sections 304 Part II, 304A, 182 and 201 read with Section 34 of the IPC for the deaths of two employees who were electrocuted while working on a sign board using an iron ladder. They filed discharge applications under Section 227 of the …

The appellants were charged with murder and causing hurt under Sections 302, 323 and 34 of the IPC, later reduced to Section 304 Part II by the High Court. The prosecution relied on two alleged eye‑witnesses, PW‑1 and PW‑3, and four court witnesses, none of whom identified the appellants in the presence of the court. T…

The appellant Vihaan Kumar was arrested on 10 June 2024 for alleged offences under the IPC, but he was not informed of the grounds of his arrest as required by Article 22(1) of the Constitution and Section 50 of the CrPC. The High Court held that the information given to his wife and the entry in the police diary did n…

The NOIDA Special Economic Zone Authority (appellant) claimed INR 6.29 crore as an operational creditor against Shree Bhoomika International Ltd., the corporate debtor, whose lease of a plot in the SEZ had defaulted. The claim was admitted, but the National Company Law Tribunal (NCLT) approved a resolution plan that aw…

The appellant, Karakkattu Muhammed Basheer, was convicted under Sections 302 and 201 of the IPC for the murder of Gouri, based solely on circumstantial evidence presented by the prosecution. The prosecution alleged an illicit relationship between the appellant and another accused, motive for the murder, and attempted t…

The appellant, an illiterate woman, filed an FIR alleging serious offences including rape (IPC s.376(2)(N)), criminal intimidation (IPC s.506) and caste-based atrocities (SC/ST Act s.3(1)(R), s.3(1)(w), s.3(2)(5)). The accused sought quashing of the charge sheet on the basis of a purported settlement, and the Gujarat H…

Quick Heal Technologies Ltd. sold antivirus software on CDs together with a license key and free updates to end‑customers. The Revenue argued that the transaction comprised two components – sale of the CD (goods) and provision of updates (service) – and that service tax should be levied on the entire consideration desp…

The appellant, accused No.2, was convicted along with another accused for murder and related offences based solely on the testimony of his 12‑year‑old son, PW‑1, who claimed to have witnessed the crime. The trial court administered an oath to the child after a perfunctory preliminary examination consisting of only thre…

The State of Uttar Pradesh appealed against a High Court order that reduced the conviction of Sonu Kushwaha from aggravated penetrative sexual assault under Section 6 of the POCSO Act to penetrative sexual assault under Section 4, thereby lowering his sentence. The facts involved Kushwaha inserting his penis into the m…

The Supreme Court examined the convictions of two accused under Sections 302 and 34 of the IPC for the murder of Balamurugan. It was discovered that the five material prosecution witnesses, who were close relatives of the deceased, had been taken to the police station a day before their testimony and instructed on how …

The appellant, Jaiprakash Associates Ltd., was created by the amalgamation of Jaiprakash Associates Pvt Ltd (the original lessee) and Jaypee Rewa Cement Ltd, pursuant to a scheme sanctioned by the High Court in 1986, which transferred four perpetually leased plots to the amalgamated entity. The Delhi Development Author…

The respondent, a class‑I civil contractor, completed work on the Koyna Hydro Electric Project funded by the World Bank and claimed duty drawback as a "deemed export" under the Exim Policy 1992‑1997. After multiple rejections by the DGFT, a Policy Interpretation Committee in 2002 allowed the drawback, which was paid in…

The case concerned whether a Foreign Registration Officer appointed under Rule 3 of the Registration of Foreigners Rules, 1992 must be impleaded as a party in bail applications filed by a foreign national under the Foreigners Act, 1946. The Supreme Court examined the statutory powers of the Civil Authority and the Regi…

The appellant, Jit Vinayak Arolkar, was charged under Section 420 IPC after a complaint by the fourth respondent alleging that he sold a portion of a jointly owned property without consent of all co‑owners. The dispute centered on whether the sale deeds executed by the appellant, as attorney for the vendors, involved a…

The appellant Nitya Nand was convicted along with others for the murder of his uncle Satya Narain under Sections 148 and 302/149 of the Indian Penal Code. The prosecution alleged that the accused, motivated by a property dispute, formed an unlawful assembly and that Nitya Nand, while carrying a country‑made pistol, fir…

The deceased Ramakant Yadav, a driver, died while tying logs on a trailer, and his mother and wife claimed compensation under the Employees Compensation Act, 1923. The Commissioner awarded a lump‑sum compensation of ₹3,94,120 and a penalty of ₹1,97,060 against the insurer, but the High Court set aside this order, holdi…

The appellant, Pramod Kumar Mishra, was convicted under Section 307 IPC for an assault that caused injuries to the complainant and was sentenced to five years of rigorous imprisonment by the Trial Court, a sentence upheld by the High Court. The Supreme Court was asked to consider whether the sentence was just and prope…

The case concerned a conditional sale deed executed in 1977 by Kishori Lal Sahu and his son in favour of Indira Devi, which contained a right of repurchase if the vendors returned the consideration by July 1984. Kishori Lal later executed a gift deed in 1983 transferring his property to his daughter‑in‑law Veena Gupta …

The appellant, Om Prakash Ahuja, purchased a family health insurance policy in 2007 and renewed it for 2008‑2009. His wife was treated for ovarian cancer, and he claimed reimbursement, which the insurer rejected on the ground that the wife’s pre‑existing rheumatic heart disease had not been disclosed. The District Foru…

The legal heirs of Machindra Ananda Jagtap, who died in a road accident while driving a jeep owned by Jayram Ganpati Jagtap, filed a claim for compensation under the Employees Compensation Act, 1923 in 2004, more than nine years after the accident. The Commissioner rejected the claim on grounds of delay and on merits, …

The appellant, a gunman employed by Bharat Hotels Ltd., suffered an amputation of his right leg above the knee in a road accident, resulting in 85% permanent disability and termination of his employment. The Motor Accident Claims Tribunal awarded him compensation of Rs. 34,29,800, assessing his loss of earning capacity…

Powergrid Corporation of India Ltd., a central transmission utility, suffered failure of three inter‑connecting transformers (ICTs) in its Rihand I system in 2006 and temporarily replaced them with transformers from its Rihand II system. Powergrid sought de‑capitalisation of the removed ICTs and additional capitalisati…

The appellant, a shareholder and suspended managing director of a corporate debtor, filed two appeals under Section 60(5) of the Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code (IBC) against orders of the National Company Law Tribunal (NCLT) without first applying for condonation of delay. The appellant argued that the limitation perio…