Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973

The appellant, Smt. S. Vanitha, sought to remain in a house that she claimed was her matrimonial home and a "shared household" under the Protection of Women from Domestic Violence Act, 2005 (PWDV Act). Her parents‑in‑law, invoking the Maintenance and Welfare of Parents and Senior Citizens Act, 2007 (Senior Citizens Act…

The Supreme Court examined whether the police could lawfully freeze the bank accounts of Teesta Atul Setalvad, Javed Anand and related trusts under Section 102 of the Criminal Procedure Code (CrPC) without prior notice to the account holders. The investigation, stemming from an FIR alleging misappropriation of donation…

The case concerned the death of Kishan Sikand, who was killed by a parcel bomb on 2 October 1982. The prosecution alleged that Lt. Col. S.J. Chaudhary, the ex‑husband of Rani Chaudhary, manufactured the bomb out of motive to prevent her living with Sikand. The trial court convicted Chaudhary under Section 302 IPC and S…

The State of Himachal Pradesh appealed the acquittal of Sanjay Kumar, the paternal uncle of a nine‑year‑old girl, who was convicted by a trial court for raping the girl under IPC s.376(2)(j) and for criminal intimidation under s.506. The High Court set aside the conviction, relying on the three‑year delay in filing the…

The respondent, Brijlal Sadashuk Modani, was a senior employee of Osmanabad Janata Sahakari Bank Ltd., a multi‑state cooperative bank. While in service he received notices from the Anti‑Corruption Bureau demanding details of his assets, which he contested on the ground that the Prevention of Corruption Act, 1988 (PCA) …

The appellant, a property dealer, was charged in FIR No.107/2007 for cheating, forgery and criminal conspiracy arising from a dispute over the sale of flats. He repeatedly applied for anticipatory bail, but the Rajasthan High Court rejected each application on the ground that a challan had been presented. The Supreme C…

Baikunth Singh filed a complaint under IPC s.406, leading the trial court to take cognizance and issue summons against respondents 2 and 3. The respondents filed a petition under CrPC s.482, impleading the appellant, and the Patna High Court quashed the trial court's order without giving any notice to the complainant, …

Shiv Kumar was convicted under sections 7 and 13(2) of the Prevention of Corruption Act, 1988 and sentenced to three years' imprisonment. He applied to the Delhi High Court for suspension of his sentence under Section 389 of the Code of Criminal Procedure, arguing that he had already served one year and eight months an…

M.R. Kudva, a bank manager, was convicted in two separate cases for offences under Sections 120B, 420, 468, 471 IPC and Section 5(1) of the Prevention of Corruption Act, receiving 18 months' rigorous imprisonment in one case and two years in the other. Both convictions and sentences were upheld by the High Court and th…

The case involved 39 accused persons alleged to have assaulted and caused the deaths of two villagers in Patharlapalle. The trial court convicted some and acquitted others, while the Andhra Pradesh High Court acquitted all, finding the prosecution’s case riddled with inconsistencies, delayed FIR filing, doubtful witnes…

The appellant, H.V. Jayaram, purchased shares of Industrial Credit and Investment Corporation of India Ltd. and alleged that the company failed to deliver the share certificates within the time limits prescribed by Section 113(1) of the Companies Act, 1956. He filed a criminal complaint under Section 113(2) before the …

Anand Kumar Mohatta and his wife entered into a 1993 development agreement with Ansal Properties, under which the developer deposited Rs.1 crore as a security to be refunded upon handing over possession. The agreement became impossible to perform due to new building regulations, and the Mohattas retained the security w…

Six FIRs were lodged in different police stations in Gujarat against five cooperative housing societies and the accused family members for alleged offences under the IPC. The accused filed criminal applications under Section 482 of the CrPC in the Gujarat High Court, which quashed five of the FIRs on the ground that th…

The case concerns the murder of Ram Singh by a group of five assailants armed with firearms and lathis. The son of the deceased, PW‑1, witnessed the attack, lodged a First Information Report (FIR) within about one and a half hours, and identified the accused. All three eye‑witnesses (PW‑1, PW‑2, PW‑3) testified, and a …

Satin Chandrapegu was convicted under Section 409 IPC for alleged misappropriation of Rs.91,006 and sentenced to two years' imprisonment with a fine. His appeal to the Sessions Court was dismissed, and he filed a criminal revision under Sections 397, 401 and 482 of the CrPC before the Guwahati High Court. At the hearin…

A 29‑year‑old woman, Chandrakala, vanished near Bharana Naka while alighting from a bus and was later found dead, having been raped and throttled. The initial police investigation wrongly focused on the bus crew, but CID Inspector Kulkarni later implicated three accused – a hotel waiter (appellant No.1) and two young m…

Mrs. Dhanalakshmi filed a criminal complaint before a Metropolitan Magistrate alleging that her husband, R. Pra. Anna Kumar, had committed bigamy and other offences by marrying another woman while divorce proceedings were pending. The High Court, invoking its inherent powers under Section 482 of the Code of Criminal Pr…

Satish Chander Ahuja, the father‑in‑law, owned a house in New Delhi and sued his daughter‑in‑law Sneha Ahuja for mandatory and permanent injunction to remove her from the first floor. Sneha had earlier filed an application under Section 12 of the Protection of Women from Domestic Violence Act, 2005, obtaining an interi…

The appellant, Saravanan, was arrested for an offence under Section 420 IPC and remanded to judicial custody. He obtained regular bail under Section 437 CrPC on the condition that his wife would deposit Rs.7,00,000, a condition he failed to fulfil. After more than 101 days in jail without a charge‑sheet, he applied for…

The State prosecuted Baljinder Singh, the driver of a vehicle, and Khushi Khan, his companion, for possession of poppy husk under Section 15 of the NDPS Act after police stopped their vehicle and recovered seven bags of poppy husk weighing 34 kg each. The accused were personally searched after arrest, but the search wa…

The case arose from a quarrel on 13 September 2005 between the President of Nandigavi Village Panchayat and several villagers over alleged road‑repair work, which led to the formation of an unlawful assembly that beat the deceased to death. The accused were charged under multiple IPC sections including murder, unlawful…

Shyam Vithalrao Devkatta filed a criminal complaint under Section 63 of the Copyright Act, 1957 alleging that the film "Desi Boyz" infringed the copyright in the title of his story synopsis "Desi Boys". The accused filed applications under Section 482 of the CrPC to quash the complaint; the Bombay High Court dismissed …

The appellant, Khumbha Ram, sought to challenge the acquittal of his daughter’s husband and others for the death of his daughter Kamla, which occurred within seven years of marriage and was alleged to involve dowry harassment. The trial court acquitted the accused, finding insufficient evidence of harassment and no med…

Balakrishna Dattatraya Kumbhar, a Superintendent of Central Excise, was convicted under Sections 13(2) r/w 13(1)(e) of the Prevention of Corruption Act, 1988 for possessing disproportionate assets. Following his conviction he was suspended and served a show‑cause notice for dismissal under the CCS (CCA) Rules. He filed…

The appellant, Montri Sreenu, was convicted under Section 302 of the Indian Penal Code for murdering his mother‑in‑law, Batta Chandramma. The prosecution relied on the appellant’s confession before a magistrate, extra‑judicial confessions to witnesses, recovery of a stone and stick allegedly used as weapons, and medica…

The State of Haryana charged Sher Singh with rash driving and causing death by negligence under IPC sections 279 and 304A after a bus he was alleged to be driving struck a pedestrian who later gave a dying declaration. The trial court and the first appellate court convicted him, but the Punjab & Haryana High Court acqu…

During a strike at a rubber factory in Goa, accused striking workers attacked visiting supervisors, resulting in one death. The Sessions Court convicted several accused based on eyewitness identification, but the High Court acquitted them, holding that the witnesses had no prior acquaintance and identification was doub…

The appellants were charged with kidnapping a minor, demanding a ransom of Rs.3 lakh and threatening the victim’s father. The trial court acquitted them, citing discrepancies in witness testimonies and questioning the credibility of certain witnesses. On appeal, the High Court re‑appreciated the evidence, held the vict…

Twelve accused were convicted under Sections 394 and 395 of the IPC for a dacoity and sentenced to ten years' rigorous imprisonment. Their appeal before the Patna High Court was heard by a single judge after the appellants' counsel failed to appear, and the appeal was dismissed on merits, confirming the conviction. The…

The case concerned the murder of the village Sarpanch, Nethala Veeraswamy, for which twelve persons were charged. The trial court convicted all under Section 302 read with Section 149 of the IPC, but the Andhra Pradesh High Court set aside the convictions of seven accused and upheld the convictions of five (A-1, A-2, A…

The appellant Kailas and co-accused were convicted under the NDNDPS Act for possession of 39 kg of ganja seized during a police raid, with the trial court relying on a video recording of the raid and a chemical examiner's report. The High Court set aside the convictions and ordered a re‑trial, holding that the video wa…

The appellant Yashpal Singh alleged that a land dispute led the accused, including respondent No.2 Mehtab, to drive a tractor over standing crops and attack him and his family, resulting in the death of his brother and serious injuries to others. The FIR named the accused and they were arrested; the trial court denied …

The appellant, Abhilasha, a Hindu daughter, challenged a lower court order that limited her maintenance from her father, Parkash, to the period until she attained majority, arguing that under Section 20(3) of the Hindu Adoptions and Maintenance Act, 1956 she could claim maintenance until she marries. The Supreme Court …

The appellant Jeet Ram was charged under Section 20 of the NDPS Act for possession of 13 kg of charas seized from a dhaba he managed. The trial court acquitted him, holding that the prosecution lacked independent witnesses, that Section 50 of the NDPS Act was not complied with, and that the evidence of possession was u…

The Supreme Court, hearing a public‑interest writ petition (Writ Petition (Civil) No. 406 of 2013) on the inhuman conditions in 1,382 Indian prisons, examined the high incidence of unnatural deaths, especially suicides, in custodial settings. Relying on the International Committee of the Red Cross guidelines, the Court…

The case arose from a murder trial where the charge sheet under IPC sections 302, 201, 342 and 120B was filed against two accused. Twenty‑eight witnesses, including PW4 (Sawarmal) and PW5 (Chandri), had given statements that supported the prosecution. After about fourteen months, PW4 and PW5 filed applications under Se…

The State, represented by the Inspector of Police (Central Crime Branch), appealed against the Madras High Court's order quashing criminal proceedings against R. Vasanti Stanley and her husband for allegedly forging documents to obtain loans from several banks. The High Court had set aside the charges on the basis that…

The petitioners were granted bail by the Gauhati High Court under the default bail provision of Section 167(2) CrPC. The respondent sought cancellation of that bail alleging misrepresentation and that the direction to the CID under Section 173(8) did not render the charge‑sheet infructuous. The High Court entertained a…

The appellants were convicted of murder under Sections 302 and 34 of the IPC based primarily on the testimony of the deceased's wife, corroborated by the investigating officer and a post‑mortem report. They challenged the conviction on several grounds, including that the FIR was lodged after the inquest report and ther…

The Supreme Court dismissed appeals by M/s. Sushi La Chemicals Pvt. Ltd. and another appellant challenging the suspension of coal supplies by Bharat Coking Coal Ltd. (BCCL) under a Fuel Supply Agreement (FSA). The suspension was based on a CBI FIR alleging that the appellants were diverting allotted coal to the open ma…

Surendra Pratap Singh filed an FIR alleging that his brother was murdered by four persons, including MLA Brijesh Mishra. While three accused were arrested, the MLA evaded arrest and later secured a transfer of the investigation to the CBI, after which the Uttar Pradesh government withdrew eight cases against him. The p…

The appellants were charged with kidnapping, wrongful confinement and repeated rape of the prosecutrix on the night of 23 September 1985. The prosecutrix alleged that she was dragged, repeatedly raped by several accused and released the next morning, while her husband was beaten and locked in a room. The trial court ac…

The appellants were convicted for offences under Sections 143, 147, 341, 307 and 149 of the IPC, with the High Court altering the conviction for the assault to Section 326 read with Section 149 and imposing eight years' rigorous imprisonment plus a Rs.500 fine. The appellants challenged the conviction and sentence as d…

The police, while on patrol, apprehended Megh Singh sitting on gunny bags that contained poppy husk, a contraband article under the NDPS Act. The trial court convicted him under Section 15 of the NDPS Act, sentencing him to ten years' rigorous imprisonment and a fine, while acquitting the other two accused. On appeal, …

The case arose from a gang‑related shoot‑out at J.J. Hospital in 1992 that resulted in the death of Shailesh Haldankar and injuries to several persons. The appellants, Suresh Budharmal Kalani and Dr. Aken Kumar Gajendra Rai Desai, were charged under Sections 3(3) and 3(4) of the Terrorist and Disruptive Activities (Pre…

The accused were charged with murder of two brothers under Sections 302 and 34 IPC. The trial court acquitted them, relying on a purported custom of the Aher community that a widow should not leave her house for 45 days after her husband's death, and finding the eye‑witnesses' testimony doubtful. The State appealed, an…

The appellant was arrested for offences under Sections 147, 148, 302 and 323 read with 149 IPC and, after the investigating agency failed to file a charge‑sheet within the 90‑day period prescribed by the proviso to Section 167(2) of the CrPC, the Sessions Judge released him on bail. After the charge‑sheet was later fil…

Gulab Mehra, an under‑trial prisoner, was served with a detention order under Section 3(2) of the National Security Act while already in jail. He challenged the order on grounds that the detention grounds were vague, the detaining authority had not applied its mind, and that a preventive detention cannot be validly mad…

The appellant-husband filed a petition for divorce under Section 13(1)(a) of the Hindu Marriage Act, alleging cruelty, but the Family Court dismissed it and the High Court upheld that dismissal. The parties had been living separately since October 2009, amounting to over sixteen years of estrangement, and the appellant…

The appellant, a building owner, conspired with officials of the Thiruvananthapuram Municipal Corporation and an architect to obtain a spurious renovation permit and then demolish an existing structure to erect a four‑storeyed commercial building in a zone where such construction is prohibited. A vigilance enquiry esta…

The appellant was convicted and sentenced to death for murder, rape and robbery based on circumstantial evidence, a last‑seen theory, confessions, recovered items and DNA evidence. The Supreme Court examined whether these evidentiary pillars were proved beyond reasonable doubt and whether the investigation complied wit…

The appellant, Ram Prakash Chadha, was charged in a custodial death case (FIR No.371/1993) with offences including murder and criminal conspiracy, and he sought discharge under Section 227 of the Cr.PC. The trial court rejected his discharge application, relying on alleged suspicions that he had facilitated the police’…

The appellant, husband of the first accused, filed a private complaint alleging that his wife, while still married to him, contracted a second marriage and bore a child, constituting bigamy under s.494 IPC. The trial court convicted the two accused and sentenced them to one year of rigorous imprisonment and a Rs.2,000 …

The case involved a double murder in 1994 for which ten persons were charged under several IPC sections. One accused, Chhote Singh, was elected MLA in 2007 and the trial court allowed his prosecution to be withdrawn under Section 321 CrPC, citing his good public image, while rejecting similar applications of the other …

The appellant-wife filed criminal and civil proceedings alleging cruelty, hurt and dowry demands by her husband, leading to multiple interim maintenance orders. After nine years of separation, failed reconciliations and pending litigations, the parties mutually agreed that the marriage was irretrievably broken. The Sup…

The Supreme Court examined whether the directors of Gaurav Agrigenetics Ltd. violated Section 12(1B) of the SEBI Act by operating a collective investment scheme without a registration certificate. It held that Section 12(1B) creates an absolute, mandatory bar for new operators from 25‑Jan‑1995 until they obtain a certi…

The appellants were added as accused under Section 319 of the Code of Criminal Procedure in a murder trial and were later discharged by the trial court under Section 227. The High Court set aside the discharge, prompting a Supreme Court appeal. The Court examined whether a person summoned as an accused under Section 31…

The appellants, a group of ten accused, were charged with offences including voluntarily causing hurt by dangerous weapons under Section 324 read with Section 34 of the IPC, among other sections. The trial court acquitted them, finding reasonable doubt due to inconsistencies in prosecution witnesses and lack of corrobo…

The husband appealed against a High Court order directing that maintenance to his wife and child be payable from the date of the application under Section 125 of the CrPC, rather than from the date of the Family Court's order. The Supreme Court observed that the wife’s application had remained pending for nine years du…

The State of Andhra Pradesh appealed against the Andhra Pradesh High Court’s order quashing a criminal proceeding for the alleged transport of 5,040 kg of black jaggery intended for illicit liquor production. The police seized the jaggery, and a chemical examiner reported it was fit for fermentation producing alcohol u…

The appellant, an elderly father, filed a petition under Section 125 of the CrPC before the Family Court at Bijapur seeking monthly maintenance of Rs.5,000 from his son, who was employed in Syndagi. The Family Court dismissed the petition, holding it lacked jurisdiction because the son worked in Syndagi, and the High C…

The appellant, Subodh Kumar Yadav, was charged under Section 498A IPC and other offences. He surrendered before a Judicial Magistrate First Class and was granted bail on the same day, without the complainant’s counsel being heard and after the magistrate called for the case record from the Sessions Court. The Sessions …

The husband, Raj Kumar, assaulted his wife with a stone‑rolling pad after she refused to withdraw maintenance proceedings under Section 125 CrPC. The victim died from head injuries; her dying declarations implicated the husband. The trial courts convicted him under Sections 302 and 498A IPC. On appeal, the Supreme Cour…

The State of Himachal Pradesh sought leave to appeal an acquittal of Shish Ram by the trial court. The High Court dismissed the application with a terse, non‑reasoned order, "Be registered. Heard. Dismissed." The State contended that such an order, lacking any reasons, was unsustainable. The Supreme Court held that rea…

The victim, Krishna Jadhav, was allegedly assaulted by several accused with sticks, an axe and an iron pipe and died at the scene. The trial court acquitted the accused, finding discrepancies in the eye‑witness testimonies and questioning the investigation. The Karnataka High Court re‑examined the evidence, held that t…

The appellant, a self‑styled godman, claimed to possess divine healing powers and charged a complainant Rs. 15,000 to cure his congenitally mute daughter. When the promised cure did not occur, the complainant filed a cheating complaint. The police initially reported the matter a "mistake of fact" based on religious bel…

The State of Tamil Nadu appealed against the Madras High Court’s order that suspended the convictions and sentences of four public servants, including A. Jaganathan, who had been convicted under IPC sections 392, 218, 466 and the Prevention of Corruption Act. The High Court had relied on Rama Narang v. Ramesh Narang, h…

The State of Maharashtra prosecuted Sukhdev Singh (Accused No.1) and Harjinder Singh Jinda (Accused No.5) for the murder of retired General Vaidya under the IPC and TADA. The trial court convicted both of murder (IPC ss.302, 307, 34) and sentenced them to death, relying on eyewitness identification, statements under se…

The appellant, Beopar Sahayak Ltd., sought possession of leased premises, but the respondents obtained a release order under Section 21 of the U.P. Urban Buildings (Regulation of Letting, Rent & Eviction) Act, 1972, issued by a Prescribed Authority who was an Executive Magistrate. The appellant challenged the order on …

The appellants Bansi Lal and others were acquitted by an Additional Sessions Judge in a murder case. The victim's son filed a criminal revision under Sections 397 and 401 of the Criminal Procedure Code, and the Delhi High Court Single Judge set aside the acquittal and ordered a retrial. The appellants appealed to the S…

The Special Police Establishment (SPE) of Madhya Pradesh, constituted under the 1947 Act to investigate corruption‑related offences, was directed by the High Court to disclose information sought by a Town Inspector under the Right to Information Act, 2005 (RTI). The appellant argued that a 2011 State Government notific…

The case involved senior officials of BHEL and private individuals accused of conspiring to award a contract for a desalination plant through a restricted tender, allegedly causing a loss of Rs.4.32 crore to the PSU. The prosecution relied heavily on the testimony of an approver who had been granted pardon under Sectio…

Several lawyers were appointed as Assistant District Government Counsel (Criminal) under Section 24 of the Criminal Procedure Code and the Legal Remembrancer Manual. As their terms were about to expire, the District Judge prepared a List ‘A’ recommending their extension, but the District Magistrate rejected the recomme…

The petitioner, Rohit Chaturvedi, was convicted for murder under Sections 120B and 302 IPC and sentenced to life imprisonment in 2007. After serving more than twenty‑two years, he sought premature release, which was recommended by the Uttarakhand State Government but rejected by the Ministry of Home Affairs in a letter…

The appellant, Virender Pal, was convicted under Section 304‑B of the IPC for the dowry death of his wife, Punita, who allegedly died after being harassed for dowry demands. The prosecution presented testimony that the husband and his relatives repeatedly demanded money, subjected the victim to physical and mental crue…

The complainant, a government teacher, alleged that the accused induced him to invest in benami land deals and later failed to deliver the promised plots and profits, leading him to file both a civil suit and a criminal FIR. The accused sought quashing of the FIR and charge sheet, arguing that the dispute was purely ci…

The appellant was arrested under the Unlawful Activities (Prevention) Act (UAPA) on 3 October 2023 without the arrest memo containing the specific grounds of arrest, only generic reasons. He was presented before a Remand Judge on 4 October 2023 and remanded to police custody, but the copy of the remand application and …

The appellant, Khurshid Ahmed, was accused of assaulting Arshad Sajad with an iron rod, causing a fatal head injury. The victim’s father (PW‑9) testified that the assault stemmed from a payment dispute in which the accused acted as guarantor. The trial court acquitted the accused, finding the sole eyewitness testimony …

In 1988 a road‑rage incident in Patiala resulted in the death of Gurnam Singh after alleged fist blows by Navjot Singh Sidhu (A‑1). Rupinder Singh Sandhu (A‑2) was also alleged to have been present. The Sessions Court acquitted both accused; the Punjab & Haryana High Court reversed the acquittal, convicting them under …

The case concerned a suit for redemption of mortgaged lands where the plaintiffs sought partition of the mortgaged properties. The second defendant, Gopalakrishnan Nair, claimed ownership of an adjoining parcel identified as old Survey No. 988 and repeatedly objected that it should be excluded from the suit property. T…

The case involved the kidnapping of a five‑year‑old boy, Vicky, for ransom and his subsequent murder. The child’s sister, a seven‑year‑old witness, identified the primary kidnappers (A‑3 and A‑5) and testified consistently, while the father’s testimony corroborated her account. The Supreme Court held that the child’s t…

The appellants, Shabnam and Saleem, were convicted under IPC s.302 read with s.34 for the pre‑planned murder of seven members of Shabnam's family, including a ten‑month‑old infant. The trial court sentenced them to death, a decision affirmed by the High Court. On appeal, the Supreme Court examined whether the case qual…

Shyam Narain was convicted under IPC s.376(2)(f) for raping an eight‑year‑old girl. The trial court relied on the child's testimony, corroborating medical evidence of genital injuries, and the accused's conduct, and sentenced him to life imprisonment. The Delhi High Court affirmed the conviction and sentence. On appeal…

The Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI) appealed against the Madras High Court’s order quashing criminal proceedings against A. Ravishankar Prasad and others for alleged conspiracy, forgery and fraud involving Indian Bank. The respondents had settled civil dues of Rs.157 crore, and argued that the settlement extingui…

The Supreme Court examined the appeal of Subhash Chandra and others, who were convicted under IPC sections 302, 324, 323, 147, 148 read with 149 for the murder of Phool Chand Tiwari and injuries to two others. The appellants argued that the FIR statements conflicted with the injured witnesses' testimonies, that only bl…

The appellant was stopped at a bus stop with a yellow bag and, after giving consent, his bag was searched in the presence of witnesses, leading to the seizure of 2 kg of diazepam. He was charged under the Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances (NDPS) Act, convicted, and sentenced to ten years' rigorous imprisonment…

Five police officials were convicted for the murder of Arunbharathi, who died from burn injuries. The trial court relied on a dying declaration recorded by a Revenue Divisional Officer (RDO) four days before the victim's death, while discarding earlier statements to doctors where the victim claimed he set himself on fi…

The respondents alleged that their son committed suicide after ICICI Bank's recovery agents forcibly repossessed his motorcycle, causing humiliation. A writ petition was filed seeking police action against the bank. The Delhi High Court ordered police reports, found them unsatisfactory, and directed an expeditious inve…

The appellant, a food‑grain exporter, appointed the respondents as agents to arrange rail transport of wheat and rice. The respondents allegedly committed fraud, cheating, forgery, criminal breach of trust and misappropriation of funds, offences alleged to have been committed mainly in Uttar Pradesh but also involving …

The State of Punjab prosecuted Junior Engineer Sohan Singh under Sections 13(1) and 13(2) of the Prevention of Corruption Act, 1988 for allegedly demanding and accepting a bribe of Rs 200 to release an electric connection. The trial court convicted him, but the Punjab & Haryana High Court acquitted him, finding no proo…

The appellant, Suresh Kumar Agarwal, was accused by M/s Haldia Steels Ltd. of fraud and criminal misappropriation relating to a memorandum of understanding (MOU) for the transfer of a mining lease and share transfer. The complaint, filed six years after the alleged breach, alleged that an advance of Rs.50 lakh was paid…

The appellants, who are relatives of a husband, were summoned in a complaint under IPC sections 498A, 323, 504, 506 and Dowry Act s.4 after the husband’s marriage had been dissolved by an ex‑parte divorce decree on 31‑05‑2012. The complaint, filed three years after the divorce, alleged that the appellants had visited t…

The appellant, S.C. Garg, Managing Director of Ruchira Papers Ltd., was charged under Section 420 IPC for allegedly cheating respondent R.N. Tyagi after the parties had already resolved a dispute over seven dishonoured cheques under Section 138 of the Negotiable Instruments Act. The earlier NI Act case resulted in Tyag…

The appellant filed a criminal complaint under Sections 323, 327, 379 read with Section 34 of the IPC alleging assault and theft by the respondents, who were also parties to a pending civil landlord‑tenant dispute. The Judicial Magistrate took cognizance of the complaint, but the High Court quashed it on the ground tha…

The Supreme Court examined whether a Special Public Prosecutor (SPP) appointed under s.24(8) CrPC to conduct the trial of a corruption case transferred from Tamil Nadu to Karnataka could continue to represent the prosecution in the appeals before the Karnataka High Court. The Court considered the scope of s.301(1) CrPC…

The Supreme Court examined whether the Maharashtra Control of Organized Crime Act (MCOCA) applied to a series of bomb blasts in Parbhani (2003), Jalna (2004) and Malegaon (2008) and whether bail could be denied under Section 21(4) of MCOCA. It held that cognizance of an offence taken by a Judicial Magistrate under Sect…

The State of Andhra Pradesh appealed a High Court order that quashed an FIR registered under Sections 7(a) and 8(e) of the Andhra Pradesh Prohibition Act, 1995 and Section 109 of the IPC. The Supreme Court examined the scope of the inherent jurisdiction under Section 482 of the Code of Criminal Procedure, emphasizing t…

The appellants, long‑time tenants of a plot, had erected a tin shed and operated a religious bookshop that was recognised by the municipal council. Following a complaint by a private individual, the Sub‑Divisional Magistrate, invoking Section 133 of the Code of Criminal Procedure, ordered the removal of the shop as a p…

The appellant, Sub‑Inspector Suresh Chandra Sharma, was found to have surreptitiously inserted timings into several investigation documents in a murder‑robbery trial, thereby fabricating false evidence. The defence counsel himself witnessed the manipulation but did not report it. The Sessions Court convicted the appell…

The appellants, former officers of the Life Insurance Corporation of India, were charged under IPC sections 420 and 409 and Stamp Act sections 64 and 69 for allegedly purchasing insurance stamps from vendors outside Uttar Pradesh, causing a loss to the State. They filed writ petitions seeking quashing of the FIR, which…

The Director of a housing cooperative society filed a complaint under Section 200 of the CrPC alleging that the society's office bearers had cheated the society by allotting a plot at a price far below market value and making illegal gains, based on a report of the Joint Registrar under the Karnataka Cooperative Societ…

The case arose from two FIRs relating to a family dispute over a farm house, leading to charge‑sheets against Manoj Narain Agrawal, Shashi Agrawal, Meenaxi Agrawal and others under various IPC sections. The High Court of Uttarakhand dismissed a criminal miscellaneous application under Section 482 CrPC but, while doing …

A complaint was lodged alleging rape and criminal intimidation under Sections 376 and 506 of the IPC and an offence under Section 3(1)(xii) of the Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes (Prevention of Atrocities) Act, 1989. The investigation was carried out by a police officer below the rank of Deputy Superintendent of …

The State of Kerala appealed the Kerala High Court’s order acquitting five accused of murder and related offences. The trial court had convicted them based on the testimony of two eye‑witnesses, but the High Court set aside those convictions, finding the First Information Report (FIR) incomplete, the FIR’s transmission…

The State of Andhra Pradesh appealed a High Court order that had quashed an FIR registered against Vangaveeti Nagaiah under Sections 7(A) and 8(e) of the Andhra Pradesh Prohibition Act, 1995 and Section 109 of the IPC. The appeal raised the question of whether the High Court correctly exercised its inherent power under…

Vasant Tukaram Pawar was convicted under the Prevention of Corruption Act, 1988 for possessing assets disproportionate to his known income and sentenced to seven years' rigorous imprisonment and a fine of Rs.1,00,000. He appealed to the Bombay High Court seeking suspension of the sentence and release on bail under Sect…

The case arose from a violent altercation in the village of Walkewadi where the deceased Krishna and his son Bajirao, accompanied by family members, went to the fields armed with axes and sticks. The appellants, Dattu Shamrao Valke and Tanaji Shamrao Valke, also armed with a double‑barrel gun, axes and sticks, attacked…

A contractor complained that Dr. R.C. Anand, an employee of AIIMS, demanded illegal gratification for renewal of a supply contract. The Anti‑Corruption Branch laid a trap, recorded the conversation and the employee was suspended. The Ministry of Law & Justice and the Central Vigilance Commission did not recommend sanct…

In a case of gruesome carnage in Bihar that left 35 dead, the Designated Court convicted several accused under the Terrorist and Disruptive Activities (Prevention) Act, 1987 (TADA) and the Indian Penal Code based solely on a confessional statement of Bihari Manjhi recorded by a police inspector. The statement was taken…

The case concerned a mass‑caste massacre in Bihar in which 35 members of a community were killed and many others injured. Thirteen persons were charged under the Terrorist and Disruptive Activities (Prevention) Act, 1987 (TADA) and the Indian Penal Code; four were acquitted and the remaining nine were convicted, four o…

The appellants were convicted under the Terrorist and Disruptive Activities (Prevention) Act, 1987 (TADA) and several sections of the Indian Penal Code for setting fire to a Hindu house after the demolition of the Babri Masjid, resulting in multiple deaths. The Supreme Court examined whether the act qualified as a "ter…

The appellants were convicted by two District Judges whose appointments were later declared invalid for violating Article 233 of the Constitution. The appellants argued that the judgments rendered by those judges were void and that the Constitution (20th Amendment) rendered them a surplusage. The Supreme Court held tha…

The appellant was ordered by a Judicial Magistrate to deposit Rs.10,00,000 as interim compensation under s.143A(1) of the Negotiable Instruments Act in a complaint under s.138 for a dishonoured cheque. The appellant challenged the order, arguing that s.143A(1) uses the word "may" and is therefore discretionary, not man…

Bharti Airtel Ltd. filed complaints under Sections 138 and 142 of the Negotiable Instruments Act against Fibtel Telecom Solutions and its two directors, Manju Sukumaran Lalitha and Susela Padmavathy Amma, after several post‑dated cheques were dishonoured. The appellant, Susela, a director but not the authorized signato…

The deceased Rahul Pundlik Meshram was last seen with the accused at the house of PW‑8 and later found dead with multiple stab wounds. The trial court convicted the three surviving accused under IPC sections 302 and 34 based solely on circumstantial evidence, including the "last seen" theory, recovery of a weapon, and …

Dr. S. Athilakshmi, a registered medical practitioner and associate professor of dermatology, was inspected by a Drugs Inspector who seized a small quantity of lotions and ointments from her private practice premises. The Inspector alleged that she had "stocked" and sold the drugs without a valid licence, invoking Sect…

The Tourism Finance Corporation of India advanced a Rs 30 crore loan to Rainbow Papers Ltd, whose Managing Director Ajay Kumar Goenka signed a post‑dated cheque that was later dishonoured. A demand notice under Section 138 of the Negotiable Instruments Act was issued and a criminal complaint was filed against the compa…

The appellant, a judicial officer appointed in 2013, granted bail on 27 April 2015 in a corruption case, which led to a departmental enquiry alleging misconduct and extraneous motives. While the enquiry was pending, a Higher Judicial Committee recommended his discharge and a Full Court ordered his termination on ground…

An FIR was lodged against Fakhrey Alam under several IPC sections, the Arms Act and Section 18 of the Unlawful Activities (Prevention) Act (UAPA). The police filed a charge sheet for the IPC and Arms offences within the 180‑day period but delayed the UAPA charge sheet beyond that period, filing it after 211 days. The a…

Sartaj Singh, the injured eye‑witness, was attacked by several persons and lodged an FIR naming the private respondents. The investigating officer filed charge‑sheets against other accused but not the private respondents. During trial Singh testified, again naming the private respondents, and filed an application under…

The appellant filed a criminal appeal after the Allahabad High Court granted bail to the second respondent, who was accused of murdering the appellant’s son. The FIR detailed a brutal knife attack resulting in eight ante‑mortem injuries and death, and the accused had initially been declared a fugitive before surrenderi…

The appellant, Nandlal Baviskar, was convicted of murder (Sec. 302 IPC) for causing the death of his cousin's brother during a dispute over a common wall. The incident involved an exchange of abuse, a stick blow on the appellant, his retreat to his house, and a return armed with a gupti, which he used to inflict a sing…

The prosecution, in a trial for three accused under the IPC and Arms Act, sought to summon eight additional persons under Section 319 of the Code of Criminal Procedure based on a witness statement that eleven persons were involved. The trial court summoned only one of the eight and dismissed the rest; the High Court af…

The State of Gujarat appealed a Gujarat High Court order that, under Section 482 of the CrPC, quashed an FIR in part for serious offences of dacoity (IPC ss. 392, 395, 397) while upholding it for lesser offences. The Supreme Court held that the High Court erred in exercising its inherent powers to quash the FIR at a pr…

S. Sreesanth, a registered cricketer, was alleged to have participated in spot‑fixing during an IPL match on 9 May 2013, accepting Rs 10 lakh to concede 14 runs in an over. A one‑man BCCI commission prepared a preliminary report based on video and telephone recordings, and after Sreesanth’s release from police custody,…

The husband and wife married in 1987, after which the wife sought maintenance under Section 125 of the Criminal Procedure Code. The parties later entered into a compromise under Order 23 Rule 3 of the Civil Procedure Code, agreeing that the wife would receive a lump sum of Rs 8,000 as permanent alimony and would not cl…

The appellants were charged under Sections 498A and 406 of the IPC and the Dowry Prohibition Act after a matrimonial dispute. While the criminal case was pending, the parties reached a mutual settlement, and the complainant wife filed an affidavit supporting the settlement. The trial court rejected the application to d…

The petitioners, a public servant and his wife, sought quashing of a criminal trial under the Prevention of Corruption Act, 1988 for alleged disproportionate assets, alleging inordinate delay that violated their right to a speedy trial under Article 21. The Supreme Court examined whether Article 32 could be invoked to …

The appellant Bhajju (Karan Singh) was convicted of murder for allegedly pouring kerosene on his wife and setting her ablaze. The sole direct evidence against him was the victim's dying declaration recorded by an executive magistrate and attested by a doctor, supported by medical, forensic and material evidence. The ap…

The Supreme Court reviewed an appeal by Govindaraju against a Karnataka High Court conviction for murder under s.302 IPC read with s.34, which had overturned a trial court acquittal. The Court found that the High Court did not show the trial court's judgment to be perverse and that the prosecution's case suffered from …

The Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI) appealed against an interlocutory order of the Delhi High Court that permitted the accused, Ashok Kumar Aggarwal, to inspect confidential files relating to the sanction for his prosecution and the notings of the Finance Minister. The Supreme Court had earlier directed the High …

The case involved Esher Singh and others who were accused of giving provocative speeches to promote a Khalistan movement and of conspiring to murder Joga Singh, the owner of several Sikh educational institutions. The Designated Court convicted Esher Singh under Section 4 of the Terrorist and Disruptive Activities (Prev…

The respondent Ritesh was charged with murder and related offences, including criminal conspiracy, for allegedly killing his beloved Shubhangi, a Scheduled Caste member. The trial court denied bail, finding him complicit in the conspiracy. The High Court, on a revision petition under Section 439 of the CrPC, granted ba…

The State of Himachal Pradesh appealed the acquittal of Jeet Singh, who had been convicted by a Sessions Court for murdering his wife Sudarshana Devi under IPC 302. The High Court had set aside the conviction, deeming the death a suicide and rejecting incriminating evidence recovered under Section 27 of the Evidence Ac…

The appellants, Marwadi Kishor Parmanand and Marwadi Mangal Dhulji, were charged with murder of Punaram and Sohanlal under IPC sections 302 and 34. The trial court acquitted them, finding the sole eye‑witness, Ranchhodbhai (PW‑1), unreliable. The Gujarat High Court reversed the acquittal, holding PW‑1’s testimony relia…

The case involved the murder of four members of the Vijay Pal family and the grievous injury of Smt. Pinky (PW‑1) in Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh. The accused – Ajai alias Ajju, Braj Pal, Ravi and Mukesh – were convicted under IPC sections 302, 149 and 307 and under the Arms Act, with the trial court imposing death sentenc…

The deceased Shashi Devi, a married woman, was found burnt in the hut of her husband Satye Singh; her father filed a complaint implicating the husband, his mother and sister‑in‑law. The Sessions Court convicted the husband and his mother under Sections 302, 34 and 201 of the IPC based solely on circumstantial evidence,…

The appellants sought to quash a FIR filed by the first respondent alleging offences under Sections 405, 406, 415 and 420 IPC read with Section 34, claiming the complaint was a civil dispute disguised as a criminal case. The High Court had rejected the petition and stayed the proceedings pending a civil suit. On appeal…

Gaurav Kumar (Monu) was convicted for murder under IPC 302 for an incident that occurred on 23-24 May 2000. He claimed he was a juvenile at the time, relying on a school certificate showing a date of birth of 17 August 1982, while the municipal birth certificate recorded 17 August 1981. The Sessions Judge, after an inq…

The petitioners, led by Asha Ranjan, sought the transfer of accused M. Shahabuddin, a notorious history‑sheeter involved in the murder of the petitioner's husband and other crimes, from Siwan Jail in Bihar to Tihar Jail in Delhi, and the conduct of his pending trials via video‑conferencing. The core issue was whether t…

The case involved the smuggling of 184 gold biscuits concealed in meal trolleys of a Lufthansa flight, discovered by customs officers in 1996. Co‑accused Varyam Singh and Ranbir Singh named Pramod Kumar Dhamiya as an investor and participant in the smuggling, but the respondent evaded arrest and was declared a proclaim…

Sanaullah Khan was charged with the kidnapping and murder of three persons—Ravindra Prasad, his son Sunny Kumar, and a servant Arvind—following a dispute over milk supply payments. The prosecution relied on three linked circumstances: the appellant’s servant luring the victims to his premises, the discovery of the bodi…

Surendra Koli, a servant of Maninder Singh Pandher, was convicted of multiple murders of children in Nithari, Noida, where he allegedly lured, strangulated, dismembered and ate the victims. He gave a voluntary confession before a magistrate under Section 164 of the CrPC, which was corroborated by the recovery of skulls…

The appellants Sheo Shankar Singh and Umesh Singh were convicted for the murder of MLA Gurudas Chatterjee, who was shot from a motorcycle while riding pillion. The prosecution relied on the eye‑witness testimony of two riders, corroborated by seizure of the motorcycles, blood‑stained clothing, empty cartridges and medi…

The proprietor of Akash Traders filed a criminal complaint against the Managing Director of Britannia Industries Ltd, alleging criminal breach of trust under Section 406 IPC for demand drafts issued for undelivered goods. The company itself was not impleaded, and the appellant was initially discharged by the magistrate…

The appellants were acquitted by the trial court of offences under Sections 143, 147, 148, 302, 324 and 149 IPC because the court found contradictions in eye‑witness testimony and noted that key witnesses were not examined, giving them the benefit of doubt. The State appealed under Section 378 of the Criminal Procedure…

The Supreme Court examined the murder of a family of ten, including three infants, committed by A‑1 (Sonia) and her husband A‑2 (Sanjiv) to prevent the transfer of property to the step‑brother. The trial court convicted them under Sections 302, 34 and 120‑B IPC and sentenced them to death, a decision the High Court lat…

Harbans Singh and Mohd. Ayub Mir were arrested after a police raid in which a hawala transaction of Rs 7 lakhs was intercepted, the money being handed over in a polythene packet to Mir, a member of Lashkar‑e‑Taiba. Both accused gave confessional statements that were recorded by the DCP Special Branch and later confirme…

The State of Punjab appealed against a High Court order that quashed FIRs and subsequent proceedings against Harnek Singh, alleging that the investigations were conducted by police officers not authorized under the Prevention of Corruption Act, 1988. The accused had been investigated under notifications issued under th…

The respondent was convicted of murder and sentenced to life imprisonment, having been in custody since September 1983. She filed an application in the High Court seeking premature release, and the High Court ordered her release on the ground that the State had failed to file a counter‑affidavit despite multiple adjour…

India Carat Pvt Ltd filed a complaint alleging cheating and criminal breach of trust by its Divisional Manager, who misappropriated Rs 13.69 lakh. The police investigated and sent a ‘B’ report stating the matter was civil and no offence was made out. The Second Additional Chief Metropolitan Magistrate, ignoring the rep…

The Supreme Court treated a journalist’s letter alleging assault and torture of women prisoners in Bombay police lock‑ups as a writ petition under Article 32. After directing an independent social‑work researcher to verify the allegations, the Court found that legal aid to indigent prisoners is a constitutional imperat…

The State of Himachal Pradesh prosecuted Chaman Lal for allegedly pouring kerosene on his wife Saro Devi and setting her on fire, leading to her death. The trial court convicted him based largely on the wife's dying declaration recorded by a Tehsildar, but the High Court acquitted him, extending the benefit of doubt du…

The State, represented by the Inspector of Police, appealed against a Madras High Court order that, after granting bail to M. Murugesan and another under Section 439 of the CrPC, retained the case file and directed the State to collect extensive data on criminal cases and submit reform recommendations. The Supreme Cour…

The State of Rajasthan prosecuted six accused for gang rape and kidnapping of a 14‑year‑old mentally deficient girl, relying on the victim's testimony, her father's eyewitness account, medical examination, and forensic evidence showing semen on the victims' clothing. The trial court convicted all six under IPC sections…

The case arose from a land‑dispute in which Gurcharan Singh attacked Bakhtawar Singh with a gandasa, after which Darshan Singh, the son of Bakhtawar, fired two shots from his licensed gun, killing Gurcharan Singh. The accused pleaded private defence, claiming a reasonable apprehension of death or grievous hurt. The tri…

The prosecution alleged that a batch of Tata iodized salt sold by the appellant, Mohinder Kumar, was deficient in iodine, violating the Food Adulteration Act. The first accused, Naresh Kumar, purchased five packets, which were tested and found to contain only 5 ppm iodine instead of the required 15 ppm, and he claimed …

The complainant S.S. Kumar filed a criminal revision against the conviction of Jagdeeshan under Section 138 of the Negotiable Instruments Act for two dishonoured cheques amounting to Rs. 4,50,000. The trial magistrate sentenced the accused to imprisonment till the rising of the court and a fine of Rs.5,000, which the c…

The appellants, Amina Ahmed Dossa and others, claimed rights over properties attached under Section 8 of the Terrorists and Disruptive Activities (Prevention) Act, 1987 (TADA) and sought relief from the Designated Court under Section 84 of the Code of Criminal Procedure (CrPC). The Designated Court rejected their claim…

The State of Punjab charged six accused of murdering Hazara Singh and Resham Singh, relying primarily on the eye‑witness testimony of Resham Singh (PW‑2) and Bachan Singh (PW‑3). The High Court acquitted all accused, rejecting the witnesses as interested and pointing to inconsistencies, lack of motive for most accused,…

The State charged Satyen Bhowmick and others under the Official Secrets Act for passing military secrets. During a commitment inquiry the prosecution invoked Section 14 of the Act to hold the trial in camera and to bar the accused from obtaining copies of witness statements. The magistrate allowed the defence counsel t…

The appellant, Saumya Chaurasia, a Deputy Secretary in the Chhattisgarh Chief Minister’s Office, was arrested in connection with an extortion‑linked money‑laundering case investigated by the Enforcement Directorate. She sought bail under Section 439 of the Cr.P.C., but the High Court rejected her application, prompting…

The appellant, a director of Bharti Retail, was charged with misbranding food products on 29 November 2010 under the Prevention of Food Adulteration Act, 1954 (PFA). Although the PFA was still in force, the Food Safety and Standards Act, 2006 (FSSA) – including its penalty provision (Section 52) and overriding clause (…

Afzal Ansari, a sitting Member of Parliament, was convicted under Section 3(1) of the Uttar Pradesh Gangsters and Anti‑Social Activities (Prevention) Act and sentenced to four years' imprisonment, resulting in his disqualification from the Lok Sabha under Section 8 of the Representation of the People Act. He appealed t…

The case arose from a 2000 incident in which several accused were convicted of murder and related offences. The trial court framed charges alleging that the victim, Harpal Singh, was killed by bullet injuries from accused No.2, although the evidence showed he died from injuries inflicted by sharp weapons wielded by acc…

The appellant, a 23‑year‑old resident of Chhattisgarh, was convicted of kidnapping, rape, murder and related offences after a missing‑child case led to his confession and the recovery of the victim’s body from a concealed sack. The trial court sentenced him to death for murder and to rigorous imprisonment for the other…

The father of a married woman filed a complaint alleging that her husband, brother‑in‑law and mother‑in‑law demanded dowry, beat her and eventually hanged her. The FIR named all of them and the prosecution charged the husband, the brother‑in‑law (first appellant) and the mother‑in‑law (second appellant) under IPC secti…

The victim Raghumani was allegedly attacked by five persons and, while dying, named the assailants in separate statements to his brother (PW1) and the investigating officer (PW15). The prosecution relied on these dying declarations, eye‑witness testimony recorded days later, and medical evidence indicating fourteen inj…

The appellant, a cotton ginning businessman, alleged that a mill and its officials fraudulently sold cotton lint supplied by him and appropriated the proceeds, prompting him to lodge a complaint under Sections 420, 409 and 34 of the IPC. The police failed to register the case, leading to a criminal proceeding (Crime No…

Madan Mohan filed an application under Section 193 CrPC seeking the summoning of Ashish Meena and Vimal Meena as accused in a case already pending against two other persons. The Sessions Judge issued non‑bailable warrants against the two respondents. They filed a revision under Section 197 CrPC in the High Court, but t…

Prem Giri, charged with offences under several sections of the IPC, applied for anticipatory bail under Section 438 of the Code of Criminal Procedure before the High Court of Rajasthan. The Single Judge of the High Court dismissed the application, merely stating that, in view of the overall facts, bail was not proper, …

The appellant Shama was convicted for murder under Sections 302 and 34 of the IPC, based primarily on the dying declaration of the deceased, Naurang, recorded by Police Inspector Mam Chand after a medical certification of fitness. The appellant challenged the conviction, arguing that the declaration was improperly reco…

The Supreme Court examined whether a magistrate must conduct an enquiry or direct an investigation under Section 202 of the Code of Criminal Procedure before issuing summons to accused persons residing outside the magistrate's territorial jurisdiction. The case arose from a criminal defamation complaint against the man…

Harsh Kumar Sharma, an IFS officer, faced criminal prosecution under the Prevention of Corruption Act for alleged irregularities in a golf‑course project in a forest area. While his promotion to Chief Conservator of Forests was considered by the Departmental Promotional Committee (DPC), the DPC kept his assessment in a…

The appellant, Attar Singh, was convicted of murder under Section 302 IPC for killing his wife by striking her with a wooden log, and was also tried under Section 498A IPC for cruelty. The trial court relied heavily on the testimony of the couple's daughter, who later turned hostile, but the court also considered medic…

The Karnataka Industrial Co-operative Bank alleged that the appellants obtained loans by pledging fake gold ornaments and secured convictions in a criminal revision proceeding. The trial court had acquitted the appellants, but the High Court, exercising its revisional jurisdiction under Sections 397 and 401 of the CrPC…

The appellants were convicted for the murder of a man named Bhau Harishchandra Patil based on the testimony of PW‑2, an alleged eye‑witness, and PW‑1, an informant who later turned hostile. The Supreme Court examined whether the hostile witness’s evidence could be wholly rejected, whether the investigating officer shou…

The case involved a matrimonial dispute between Depti Bhandari and Nitin Bhandari, centering on visitation rights to their minor daughter after the mother shifted residence from Jaipur to Delhi. The father had been granted visitation rights in Jaipur, but the mother sought to modify the order to allow visitation in Del…

The State of Maharashtra appealed against a Bombay High Court order that quashed a Collector’s directive, issued on the instructions of the Chief Minister, which required police to obtain clearance from a District Anti‑Money Lending Committee and a legal opinion before registering any FIR against Gokulchand Sananda and…

Onkar Nath Mishra and others appealed against the State of Delhi challenging the framing of charges under Sections 406 and 498A of the Indian Penal Code based on a complaint lodged by the complainant, his wife. The trial court had discharged all accused, but the Sessions Court and High Court later ordered that charges …

The landlord filed a suit for eviction and mesne profits against the tenant under the West Bengal Premises Tenancy Act, 1956. The trial court held that the notice to quit was invalid and dismissed the suit. On appeal, the lower appellate court and the High Court found that a valid one‑month notice had been served, the …

The appellants Ram Pal and Ram Saran were charged under Sections 302 and 149 IPC for the murder of their uncle Birbal Singh, allegedly shot with a shotgun and a pistol. The trial court acquitted them, finding the three eyewitnesses unreliable and doubting forensic evidence such as the presence of an empty cartridge and…

A.E. Rani filed a complaint under IPC s.395 and the Dowry Act alleging that relatives forcibly took movable articles belonging to her and her deceased husband. The police report concluded no offence, prompting Rani to file a fresh complaint under s.173, s.156(3) and s.190 CrPC. The Metropolitan Magistrate, after re‑exa…

The appellant, a retired engineer, claimed possession of an independent portion of a house that he and his son co‑owned. He filed criminal proceedings under Sections 107 and 145 of the Criminal Procedure Code and also a civil suit for an injunction. The Section 107 proceedings were dropped, and the Sub‑Divisional Magis…

The Food Inspector of the Baroda Municipal Corporation purchased curd from the respondents' shop and sent samples for analysis, which showed marginal adulteration. The trial court convicted the respondents under the Prevention of Food Adulteration Act, 1954, but the Sessions Judge acquitted them on the ground that the …

Vinay Prakash Singh, convicted of contempt of the Supreme Court on 15 November 2019, was sentenced on 22 September 2022 to six months' imprisonment. He contended that he had been in custody since 3 February 2020 in connection with another case and that, under Section 428 of the CrPC, this period should be set off again…

The Supreme Court entertained a review application filed by the Union of India seeking correction of two sentences in paragraph 25 of its 14‑December‑2018 judgment on the Rafale fighter‑jet procurement, and also considered the petitioners' claim that the Court had failed to order registration of an FIR and CBI investig…

The Supreme Court examined appeals by six accused, including Anil Kumar Yadav, against the cancellation of bail granted by the Sessions Court in a murder‑related case (Sections 302, 308 IPC read with 34 IPC). The Court held that the Sessions Court had improperly merged the framing of charges with the grant of bail in a…

The appellants were charged under Sections 354 and 394 IPC for an alleged assault and robbery arising from a land access dispute. While the criminal case was pending, the parties reached an amicable settlement, and the complainant withdrew support for the prosecution. The appellants filed a petition under Section 482 C…

Abdul Rehman and co‑accused filed a complaint with the Crime Against Women (CAW) Cell alleging that K.M. Anees‑ul‑Haq had demanded dowry, invoking sections 406 and 34 of the IPC and sections 3 and 4 of the Dowry Prohibition Act. In retaliation, the respondent lodged a complaint under sections 211, 500, 109, 114 and 34 …

The appellant, Ravikant S. Patil, was convicted in 2000 for offences under IPC sections 366 and 376 and sentenced to seven years’ imprisonment. While his criminal appeal was pending, the Bombay High Court stayed both the execution of the sentence and, on 26 March 2004, the conviction itself so that he could file his no…

The appellant VidyadHarAn was convicted under Sections 354 and 448 of the IPC and Section 3(1)(xi) of the Scheduled Caste and Scheduled Tribe (Prevention of Atrocities) Act for allegedly outraging the modesty of a married woman. He challenged the conviction on the grounds of false implication, the delay in filing the F…

The case involved fourteen accused who, on the night of Holi, encircled and assaulted Bindeshwari Rai with deadly weapons, resulting in his death. The trial court convicted all of them under Section 302 IPC, with some also under Section 307 IPC, while the High Court later acquitted them of the Section 302/149 charge bu…

Devinderpal Singh was arrested under the Terrorist and Disruptive Activities (Prevention) Act, 1987 (TADA) and detained in judicial custody. Before the statutory 180‑day period expired, the investigating officer applied to the Designated Court for an extension of time to complete the investigation, but no report from t…

The appellant, Somjeet Mallick, alleged that his truck was hired by the respondents who paid only the first month's rent and thereafter failed to pay the agreed rent, making false promises. A complaint under Section 156(3) CrPC led to the registration of an FIR and cognizance by the Chief Judicial Magistrate, after whi…

The Supreme Court examined the appeal of A.K. Devaiah, convicted under Sections 3, 4, 6 of the Dowry Prohibition Act and Sections 498‑A and 304‑B of the IPC for the death of his wife, who committed suicide by self‑immolation within a year of marriage. The prosecution proved that the husband demanded dowry, that the wif…

The State of Karnataka appealed the acquittal of Smt. Suvarnamma and her husband Manjunath for the dowry‑related death of the bride, Soumya, who died from severe burn injuries within seven years of marriage. The prosecution proved that the accused had harassed the victim for dowry and that the mother‑in‑law poured kero…

The Chhattisgarh State Electricity Board rejected R. Vijaykumar's tender after a performance report, prepared by the appellants (public servants), found his equipment unsatisfactory. Vijaykumar unsuccessfully pursued civil remedies, withdrew his suit, and then filed a criminal complaint alleging forgery and conspiracy …

The appellant, a company secretary of Rallis India Ltd., was accused in a private complaint of defamation under Sections 499 and 500 IPC for a letter allegedly sent to Ashika Capital Ltd. that contained false allegations against the complainants. The trial court took cognizance of the complaint and summoned the appella…