Indian Penal Code, 1860

The case arose from the investigation of a massive counterfeit stamp scam in which the former Pune Police Commissioner, Ranjitsing Sharma, was arrested under the Maharashtra Control of Organized Crime Act (MCOCA) on allegations that he had helped and supported members of the organized crime syndicate. The prosecution a…

The Supreme Court examined the murder of Kameshwar Singh, where appellants Rajendra Singh and Triloki Singh were convicted under Sections 302/34, 307 and 324 of the IPC. The appellants challenged the conviction on five grounds: (1) the prosecution’s failure to explain a grievous injury sustained by Rajendra Singh; (2) …

The case concerned six accused, including Kapildeo Singh, charged with the murder of Shyamdeo Singh and grievous injuries to Rajmani Devi. The trial court acquitted them, the High Court reversed the acquittal, and the Supreme Court examined the appeal. The Court evaluated the admissibility of a post‑FIR statement, the …

The Haryana Public Service Commission advertised recruitment for District Food and Supplies Officers, requiring five/three years of experience as an executive officer. Inspectors and Sub‑Inspectors of the Food and Supplies Department applied, but the Commission demanded a certificate from the State Government confirmin…

The Supreme Court examined the constitutionality of Section 303 of the Indian Penal Code, which mandates death for a murder committed by a person already serving a life sentence. The petitioners argued that the provision was arbitrary, discriminatory and denied the accused a fair procedure under Articles 14 and 21 of t…

The appellant, a college professor, was charged under Section 153-A of the IPC for WhatsApp status messages protesting the abrogation of Article 370 and wishing Pakistan a happy Independence Day. He sought a writ petition to quash the FIR, which the Bombay High Court dismissed. The Supreme Court examined whether the me…

The appellants, doctors running a hospital, purchased land and filed a civil suit to confirm their ownership, while the respondent filed an FIR alleging forgery and fraud. The High Court refused to quash the FIR, holding that the alleged offences were made out. The appellants contended that the dispute was essentially …

The appellant, convicted of murder under IPC s.302, appealed his conviction and sentence. While the appeal was pending, he died in prison after about twelve years. Section 394 of the Cr.P.C. provides that an appeal abates on the death of the appellant unless a near relative applies within thirty days for continuance. N…

On 18 January 2007, eleven accused formed an unlawful assembly and attacked a vehicle, resulting in the death of Rajasekhar Reddy and injuries to several others. The trial court convicted accused Nos. 1‑3 under Sections 148 and 302 of the IPC and acquitted accused Nos. 4‑11. The High Court reversed the conviction of No…

The appellant, Sukumar, a Forest Range Officer, chased a lorry he suspected of sandalwood smuggling. The lorry occupants attacked his jeep with stones and shouted “fire them”. Sukumar fired his DBL‑gun, killing the driver. He later loaded sandalwood and a gun from the lorry and claimed he acted in private defence. He w…

The case involves the murder of Lalit Mohan Rai, who was shot by the accused Imran Afreen after an altercation at Hotel Shalimar. The trial court convicted the accused under Section 302 IPC, but the High Court acquitted him, questioning the reliability of the eyewitnesses and the timing of the FIR. On appeal, the Supre…

The petition sought permission to discontinue life‑supporting treatment for Aruna Ramchandra Shanbaug, a 60‑year‑old woman in a persistent vegetative state for 37 years following a violent assault. The Court examined medical evidence, concluding that she was not brain‑dead and retained minimal brain‑stem activity, but …

The case involved three successive murders and related injuries in Punjab, for which the accused Nishan Singh, Pargat Singh‑I and others were convicted under Section 302 IPC, with some also charged under Section 34 IPC for common intention. The appellants challenged the convictions on procedural grounds, chiefly allegi…

The appellants Rajesh and others were convicted under IPC sections 120B, 452 and 302, and the Arms Act for the murder of Girish Namdar, alleged to have been motivated by a love‑affair dispute. They appealed, claiming the First Information Report (FIR) was ante‑timed to plant eye‑witnesses, that the inquest panchanama’s…

An incident on 23 September 1989 outside a Munsif court led to cross‑fire between two rival groups, resulting in one death and several injuries. The trial court convicted Amarjit Singh under IPC 307 and the Arms Act, sentencing him to five years rigorous imprisonment and a fine, while Jagsir Singh was convicted under t…

The appellant and two others were convicted of murder under Section 302 read with Section 34 IPC and of concealing evidence under Section 201 read with Section 34 IPC. The High Court set aside the murder convictions, confirmed the conviction under Section 201 for the appellant, and enhanced his sentence from three to s…

The appellant, Gurwinder Singh, was arrested along with co‑accused for alleged involvement in a terrorist module of the banned organization ‘Sikhs for Justice’, including raising funds, conspiracy and attempts to procure weapons. The investigation, taken over by the NIA, resulted in charges under the UAPA, IPC and Arms…

During the COVID-19 pandemic, the petitioner conducted three crowdfunding campaigns on the Ketto platform. The Enforcement Directorate (ED) opened investigations under FEMA and later filed a complaint under the Prevention of Money‑Laundering Act (PMLA), attaching the petitioner’s bank account in Navi Mumbai. The Specia…

The Serious Fraud Investigation Office (SFIO) appealed against the Delhi High Court's order granting statutory bail to Rahul Modi and others, who had been arrested in connection with alleged offences under the Companies Act and the Indian Penal Code. The charge‑sheet was filed within the 60‑day period prescribed by Sec…

The State of Maharashtra charged two accused with murder and destruction of evidence, alleging that the second accused cut the victim's corpse into pieces. The trial court convicted both, but the High Court acquitted them, prompting the State to file three criminal appeals. The Supreme Court dismissed two appeals for n…

The case involved six accused, including Iqbal and Virendra, who entered the complainant's house armed with rifles and fired upon the family, resulting in the death of Bhoop Singh and injuries to others. All were convicted under IPC Sections 148, 149, 302 and 307 for forming an unlawful assembly with the common object …

Lingaram Kodopi and Soni Sori, a nephew‑aunt duo, were arrested in Chhattisgarh on allegations of acting as conduits for financing Naxalite activities, charged under IPC sections 121, 124(1), 120B, the Chhattisgarh Jansuraksha Act and the Unlawful Activities (Prevention) Act. Their bail applications were rejected by th…

The appellants Gurvail Singh and Jaj Singh were convicted under Section 302 read with Section 34 of the IPC for the murder of four members of a family during a property dispute. The trial court and the High Court sentenced them to death, holding the case to be "rarest of rare". On appeal, the Supreme Court examined whe…

Absar Alam was convicted of murdering his mother by beheading her after accusing her of causing his wife to leave home. The trial court and the Patna High Court sentenced him to death under Sections 302 and 201 of the Indian Penal Code. The appellant appealed to the Supreme Court, raising only the question of whether t…

The State of Uttar Pradesh charged Ajai Kumar and others under IPC sections 394, 307 and 411 for allegedly snatching Rs 1,25,000 from a bank and injuring two victims. Part of the stolen money, bearing the bank's stamp, was recovered from the accused. The trial court acquitted the appellant, relying on the victims' inab…

Umesh was convicted under Section 302 IPC for the murder of Dilip Ganpatrao Shirbhate on 26 November 1997. The prosecution’s case rested on two eyewitnesses who saw Umesh stab the victim, forensic evidence showing the victim’s blood group on Umesh’s shirt, and the recovery of the alleged murder weapon at Umesh’s reside…

The informant filed a complaint alleging offences under Sections 498A, 323 and 504 IPC and Sections 3 and 4 of the Dowry Prohibition Act. The magistrate took cognizance of those offences only and issued summons. The informant later applied that the material in the case diary also justified adding Sections 406 and 307 I…

The State of Haryana sought leave to appeal under Section 378(3) of the CrPC against the acquittal of several accused in a case involving offences under Sections 148, 302, 452, 506, 323 and 149 of the IPC. The trial court had convicted some accused but acquitted others, holding that Section 149 IPC did not apply becaus…

The case concerned the murder of Ravinder Kumar on 1 August 1992. The prosecution alleged that Chander Pal (appellant‑1) and Rajinder (appellant‑2) stabbed the deceased, relying primarily on the testimony of the victim's brother (PW‑1) and a tea‑stall owner (PW‑2), while other key witnesses such as the person who took …

The appellants Sanjay, Nawabuddin and Vinod were convicted for murder and robbery after the police recovered a weapon, blood‑stained clothes and stolen jewellery based on their disclosure statements made under Section 27 of the Evidence Act. The defence argued that the statements were inadmissible because they containe…

Randhir Basu and a co‑accused were convicted of murdering the mother, father and grandparents of a girl named Sudipa. Sudipa, after being granted pardon, was examined as an approver before a magistrate in chambers, without the accused present for cross‑examination. The appellant challenged the conviction on the ground …

The State prosecuted Surinder Mohan and others for murder and related offences. An accomplice, Sandeep Kumar, was granted pardon by the Chief Judicial Magistrate and his statement was recorded before the case was committed to the Sessions Court, but the accused were not cross‑examined at that stage. During the trial th…

The State of Haryana issued circulars under Section 432 of the Criminal Procedure Code granting remission of sentence to prisoners confined in jail and those on parole or furlough on a specified date, expressly excluding persons convicted of rape or dowry death. Five respondents were on bail and one, Mohinder Singh, wa…

The petitioners, convicted of murder and sentenced to death, sought commutation to life imprisonment on the ground of an inordinate delay in execution. The Supreme Court examined conflicting precedents on whether a two‑year rule or any fixed period of delay makes a death sentence inexecutable. It held that only the del…

The case arose from a murder investigation where the FIR named nine persons, but the police filed a charge sheet against only three, filing a closure report for the remaining six. Based on oral eyewitness testimony, the first informant applied under Section 319 CrPC to have the six dropped co-accused added as accused; …

The case involved the murder of a man at a dhaba in Jalandhar, where four accused (A1‑A4) were convicted under Section 304 Part I IPC. The father of the deceased (PW6) initially did not allege that A3 and A4 instigated the shooting, but later, in a supplementary statement under Section 161 CrPC, claimed they did. The t…

The case concerned an appeal by Rajesh Prasad, the informant, against a High Court order that set aside the conviction and death sentences of three accused who had been found guilty under IPC s.302/34, 120B and the Explosive Substances Act s.3/4 for throwing bombs that killed his father and another victim. The High Cou…

The victim Sher Singh was set on fire after being doused with kerosene by the accused Purshottam Chopra and Suresh (telwala). While in critical condition with 100% burns, he gave two statements – one to Dr. Sushma (recorded in an MLC) and another to SI Rajesh Kumar – which were treated as dying declarations. The trial …

The case involved a partnership firm (AMC) whose reconstitution in 2009 led the Director of Mines and Geology of Karnataka (the appellant) to issue Mineral Dispatch Permits (MDPs) to the new partners. The Central Bureau of Investigation alleged that the appellant acted without the prior State Government sanction requir…

Mahadevappa, a police constable, was married to Rukmini Bai who died within 17 months of marriage from severe burn injuries. The prosecution alleged that Mahadevappa, an alcoholic, repeatedly demanded dowry money, ill‑treated his wife and, on 2 October 1995, poured kerosene on her and set her on fire, constituting a do…

Monu appealed to the Supreme Court after the Allahabad High Court Single Judge dismissed his Section 482 application seeking quashal of a charge‑sheet filed under IPC sections 420, 498A, 323, 376, 506 and Dowry Prohibition Act sections 3 and 4. The High Court dismissed the petition with a terse order stating there was …

The appellants were convicted for the murder of Saikat Saha under Section 302 read with Section 34 of the IPC, based primarily on the testimony of a single eyewitness, PW‑6, who described how the accused acted in concert to kill the victim. The appellants challenged the conviction, arguing that the sole witness's evide…

The State of Gujarat charged Kishanbhai with kidnapping, rape, murder and theft of a six‑year‑old girl, Gomi, alleging that he abducted her, amputated her legs to steal her anklets and killed her. The trial court convicted him and sentenced him to death, but the Gujarat High Court acquitted him, citing numerous gaps in…

The appellants Parbin Ali and another were convicted under IPC sections 302 and 34 for the murder of Sakat Ali, based primarily on an oral dying declaration made by the deceased to his wife, father‑in‑law and relatives. The trial court and the Gauhati High Court upheld the conviction, finding the declaration credible d…

The appellant Raj Pal was convicted of murder under IPC s.302 read with s.34 for the killing of his rival's brother. The prosecution relied on eyewitness testimony of the deceased's brother and sister, medical reports indicating fatal injuries that could not be self‑inflicted, and the recovery of weapons. The appellant…

The appellant, a clerk in a travel agency, was convicted under sections 120B, 420, 511, 465 and 471 of the IPC for conspiring to obtain 42 passports using forged applications and documents. The prosecution alleged that the travel agency, run by a co‑accused, submitted ante‑dated applications with duplicate file numbers…

The appellant Daya Nano was convicted under Sections 376 r.w. and 511 of the IPC for rape and sentenced to five years' rigorous imprisonment. He was 16 years, 5 months and 19 days old at the time of the offence, but the Juvenile Justice (Care and Protection of Children) Act, 2000 came into force after the incident. The…

The appellant, Sajjan Sharma, was convicted under Section 302 IPC for the murder of Narain Kunwar in an alleged unlawful assembly that fired weapons. The FIR and the original Fard‑e‑beyan named five accused, including the appellant's father and brother, but did not name the appellant himself. He was later added in the …

The deceased daughter‑in‑law was burnt to death within four years of her marriage. The prosecution alleged that the mother‑in‑law, husband and uncle repeatedly harassed and tortured her for not providing sufficient dowry. A post‑mortem showed ante‑mortem burns and fractured skull bones, indicating she was killed before…

The Supreme Court examined the death of Asha Devi, who was found dead in a well after 15 months of marriage to Amar Singh. Medical evidence showed two distinct head injuries inconsistent with a fall, indicating she was beaten before being dumped in the well. Witnesses, including the deceased's father, brother, and moth…

The prosecution alleged that on the night of 13-14 September 1984, five accused entered a house, assaulted a male relative, abducted the prosecutrix, stripped her and the principal accused, Neku Khan, raped her for two nights. The trial court and the Rajasthan High Court convicted Neku Khan under Sections 376, 147, 323…

The case arose from a murder FIR filed on 29‑11‑2002 in which, besides the named assailant Laxman Murmu, the complainant alleged that several other persons might have been involved. The appellants were granted anticipatory bail, later discharged from the case on 30‑6‑2004, and were not named in the charge‑sheet. Two ye…

The appellant filed a complaint alleging that a Deputy Superintendent of Police, while investigating a shooting case, threatened her husband to withdraw his statement and attempted to obtain his signature on a blank paper. The Judicial Magistrate took cognizance of the alleged offences under IPC sections 384 and 506 an…

The appellant, Ramesh Krishna Madhusudan Nayar, was convicted of murder under Section 302 IPC based solely on the testimony of a single eye‑witness, PW‑5, who claimed to have seen Nayar strike the deceased with a wooden log during a quarrel. The appellant challenged the conviction, arguing that a single witness's testi…

The husband (Mohd. Shamim) and his relatives were accused by his wife, Nahid Begum, of offences under Sections 406, 498A and 34 IPC. During the hearing of an anticipatory bail application, an Additional Sessions Judge facilitated a settlement whereby the appellants paid Rs. 2.25 lakh and agreed to pay a further Rs. 50,…

The Supreme Court examined the convictions of eight accused in a gang assault that resulted in the death of Gopikrishna and injuries to Sanjay Patil. The trial court and High Court had convicted all accused under Sections 143, 144, 147, 302/149 and 324/149 IPC. On appeal, the Court distinguished two separate assaults –…

The case involved ten accused charged with offences under Sections 147, 148, 149 and 302 of the IPC for an alleged murder during an unlawful assembly. The sole eyewitness, PW9, altered his testimony at trial compared to his original FIR statement, and his account was not corroborated by medical or forensic evidence. Th…

The State of Karnataka prosecuted M.V. Manjunathegowda (A‑1) and others for the murder of his wife Kamalamma, alleging that she was killed within seven years of marriage after the accused demanded a dowry of Rs 10,000 and three sovereigns of gold, of which only Rs 8,000 was paid. The trial court convicted A‑1 under Sec…

Hindustan Times Ltd., the employer, delayed remitting Employees' Provident Fund contributions for several periods between 1965 and 1968. The Department issued a notice in 1971 and, after a long lapse, a show‑cause notice in 1979, finally levying damages under Section 14‑B of the Employees' Provident Fund and Miscellane…

The appellant, a sympathiser of a political party, participated in a violent clash on 11 April 2006 during which he stabbed the deceased Subrahmannian multiple times with a knife, causing fatal injuries to vital organs. The trial court convicted him under Sections 302, 324 and 326/34 of the IPC and sentenced him to lif…

Lakhan Singh, convicted of murder under IPC s.302 and sentenced to life, appealed the conviction and also sought to adduce additional evidence to support an insanity defence under IPC s.84. The Delhi High Court, invoking CrPC ss.311 and 391, allowed the application and directed the trial court to record the extra evide…

The deceased, Surjit Kaur, was found dead in a jute bag with her face disfigured by acid; she had inherited land and was not receiving lease money from her son, providing a motive for the accused. The prosecution relied on extra‑judicial confessions recorded by a witness, medical evidence of a fractured hyoid bone and …

Lajpat and others were charged under Sections 420, 406 and 504 of the IPC. They filed an application under Section 482 of the Code of Criminal Procedure to quash the charge sheet. The Single Judge of the Allahabad High Court dismissed the application, relying solely on Supreme Court pronouncements about the scope of Se…

The State of Madhya Pradesh charged Pradeep Sharma and co‑accused with murder and conspiracy (IPC ss.302, 120B, 34) for allegedly poisoning the deceased. Both accused were declared absconders and proclaimed offenders under CrPC s.82, and the High Court granted them anticipatory bail under s.438. The Supreme Court exami…

The appellant, Sri Bhagwan, was convicted for murdering Yogender Nath Bhargava by pouring acid on him, an offence initially registered under Section 326 IPC and later altered to Section 302 IPC. The prosecution relied on the testimony of two eyewitnesses (PW‑1 and PW‑3) who claimed to have seen the assault, and on the …

The appellant Akil @ Javed was convicted for murder (IPC s.302) and robbery (IPC s.392) along with a co‑accused. The prosecution relied on the testimony of several eye‑witnesses, especially PW‑20 who identified the appellant, and on the recovery of a Rado watch and gold chain from the appellant that were identified by …

The appellants Abubucker Siddique and others were convicted for a bomb blast that destroyed the RSS headquarters, based largely on confessional statements and the allegation that they procured gelatin sticks and detonators. The prosecution claimed the bomb was made of ROX and PETN, but forensic analysis showed no trace…

The appellants, including Abdul Gafur, were convicted by a trial court and the Gauhati High Court for dacoity, robbery and outraging modesty based on the testimony of several witnesses who claimed the accused entered the Gupta household, assaulted the family, looted gold ornaments and committed rape. The prosecution’s …

The petitioners, including former Chief Minister Parkash Singh Badal, challenged prosecutions under the Prevention of Corruption Act, 1988 and the IPC on the ground that no prior sanction under Section 197 of the CrPC was obtained and that the complaints were filed with malafide intent. The Court examined the scope of …

The appeals concerned the validity of a sanction to prosecute Lalu Prasad Yadav under Sections 13(1)(e) and 13(2) of the Prevention of Corruption Act, 1988. The sanction had been issued under Section 19(1)(b) of the Act and Section 197 of the Code of Criminal Procedure, but was signed by the Secretary to the Government…

The appellant, Rohtash, was convicted under IPC s.302 read with s.34 for the murder of Moosaram, alleged to have been carried out by a group armed with iron pipes. The prosecution relied on statements of the first informant (PW‑1) and the victim's mother (PW‑6), both of whom named Rohtash as part of the attacking party…

The appellant, K. Karunakaran, was prosecuted for an alleged abuse of office. The High Court held that no sanction under CrPC Section 197 was required because the appellant was not holding the office at the time the court took cognizance of the offence. The appellant further contended that the prosecution was driven by…

The appellant Israr and his co-accused Afzal were convicted for the murder of Zamil Ahmad under Section 302 read with Section 34 of the IPC. The prosecution relied on the dying declaration of the deceased and the testimony of four eye‑witnesses, who were relatives or friends of the victim, as well as medical evidence s…

Sunita Devi filed a complaint alleging assault, attempted rape and robbery by Anuj Kumar and others. Anuj Kumar obtained anticipatory bail under Section 438 of the CrPC from the Patna High Court, which granted him an unconditional, unlimited protection. Sunita Devi appealed, contending that such blanket protection cont…

Harjeet Singh, charged under Sections 302/34 and 307/34 of the IPC, applied for bail which was denied by the trial court but granted by a Single Judge of the Punjab and Haryana High Court. The State filed a separate application before another High Court judge seeking cancellation of the bail on the ground that the orig…

Gura Singh was convicted of murdering his father under IPC 302. The prosecution relied on the appellant’s extra‑judicial confession to several relatives (PW 2, 5, 6, 7) and on the recovery of the murder weapon and a blood‑stained sheet disclosed by the accused. Some of the witnesses were later declared hostile, and the…

Two Delhi Police personnel, Ram Ratan (Head Constable) and Hawa Singh (Constable), were arrested for assaulting a rickshaw puller and seizing TV parts, offences under IPC sections 392 and 34. While the criminal case was pending, the Commissioner of Police detained them under Section 3(2) of the National Security Act, 1…

The appellant, Muskan, married Ishaan Khan in 2020 and later alleged dowry harassment by her husband and his family, filing complaints in early 2023 and an FIR in January 2024 under Section 498A IPC and Sections 3 and 4 Dowry Prohibition Act. The respondents filed a petition under Section 482 of the Cr.PC seeking quash…

The appellant, Mihir Rajesh Shah, was arrested for a fatal hit‑and‑run involving his BMW, but the police failed to provide him with a written copy of the grounds of arrest as required by Article 22(1) of the Constitution and Section 47 of the Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita, 2023. The High Court upheld the arrest de…

The trial court acquitted Amit Aishwarya Jogi in a 2007 murder case involving the killing of a Congress leader, after a CBI‑investigated chargesheet superseded the original police investigation. The State of Chhattisgarh, the CBI and the victim’s son (de‑facto complainant) sought leave to appeal the acquittal, but the …

The appellants assaulted the deceased, Bahal, with lathis and an axe after threatening to kill him, during a land dispute that created prior enmity between the families. Bahal later died from head injuries, and the trial court convicted the appellants under Section 302 IPC and Section 307 read with Section 34, sentenci…

The appellant, Sonu Choudary, was convicted under Sections 324 and 452 of the Indian Penal Code for assaulting the owner of a restaurant with a blade after being denied water for alcohol. While the prosecution proved that the appellant voluntarily caused hurt, the question arose whether the restaurant qualified as a "h…

The minor daughter of Jitesh Sharma challenged the High Court's order that reduced the maintenance awarded by the Family Court from Rs 20,000 to Rs 7,500 per month. The Supreme Court observed that the High Court had not required the parties to file the uniform affidavits of disclosure of assets and liabilities prescrib…

The case concerned the conviction of six appellants for offences under various sections of the IPC, based primarily on a dying declaration, ocular testimony and circumstantial evidence. The trial court had acquitted all accused, but the Karnataka High Court overturned the acquittals of five appellants, sentencing them …

The appellant, Javed Abdul Rajjaq Shaikh, was accused of murdering his wife by throttling her after demanding half tola gold, money and a dress. The trial court convicted him and three co‑accused under Section 302 read with Section 34 of the IPC and also under Section 498A. The High Court acquitted the co‑accused and c…

In 1980 a violent altercation in Azamgarh resulted in the death of Ram Lagan and injuries to Baij Nath. Six persons, including Tribhuwan, were tried; Tribhuwan was convicted under Section 325 IPC read with Section 149 and sentenced to four years rigorous imprisonment by the Sessions Court. The Allahabad High Court uphe…

Dr. Vipul Shital Prasad Agarwal, a Superintendent of Police, was arrested in connection with FIR No.115 of 2006 concerning a alleged fake encounter. The Supreme Court had directed the CBI to take over the investigation and the CBI registered a fresh FIR, but the original charge‑sheet filed under the first FIR was submi…

The case arose from a land dispute in which the victim Munshi Basiruddin, aged 78, was killed when bricks were thrown at him by the accused Naimuddin and Muslim Mian. The trial court convicted both under section 302 read with section 34 of the Indian Penal Code and sentenced them to life imprisonment. On appeal, the Su…

The accused (MD. Ankoos & others) were charged with murder, rioting, house trespass and related offences for the killing of five villagers suspected of sorcery. The trial court acquitted all 77 accused, finding the eye‑witness testimonies (PW‑2 to PW‑4) unreliable and noting contradictions. The High Court set aside the…

Jameel and Dastgir assaulted Hasib with a lathi, fracturing his left parietal bone. Both were convicted under Section 308 IPC for attempt to commit culpable homicide and sentenced to two years' rigorous imprisonment; the High Court later acquitted Dastgir but upheld Jameel's conviction. Jameel appealed, contending that…

Jayabalan was convicted of murdering his wife Vasanthi after the High Court reversed a trial‑court acquittal. The prosecution proved that the couple’s relationship was strained, the husband had beaten the wife, poured kerosene on her and set her on fire, as corroborated by an oral dying declaration and the testimony of…

MD Shakeel was convicted under IPC sections 304‑B and 498‑A and Section 4 of the Dowry Prohibition Act for the alleged dowry‑related death of his wife. The conviction was affirmed by the trial court and the first appellate court, while the co‑accused were acquitted. Shakeel filed a revision petition in the Andhra Prade…

The incident occurred on 4 November 1986 when five accused assaulted two injured witnesses and the deceased, who later died. The FIR was lodged the next day, and the key witnesses gave their testimony ten years later, leading to minor discrepancies in their accounts. The trial court acquitted all accused, citing the FI…

The appellant, Suchand Pal, appealed against the Calcutta High Court's acquittal of the accused Phani Pal for murder and related offences. The trial court had convicted Phani Pal based on the prosecution's claim that a gun was fired from a short range and on a dying declaration of the deceased, Bhanumati, which was rec…

The case involved fraudulent withdrawals from recurring deposit accounts of Singareni Collieries workers at a Sub‑Post Office. A postal assistant (A‑3) fabricated vouchers with forged signatures and thumb impressions, and the Sub‑Post Masters (A‑1 and A‑2) signed the vouchers without verifying their authenticity. The t…

V.K. Nigam, a Sub‑Inspector, was found to have received illegal gratification from a gambling organiser and was dismissed from service after a departmental inquiry. He challenged the dismissal, contending that he was not furnished with the preliminary inquiry report, violating natural justice, and that the statement of…

In November 1973 a dacoity occurred at Gangaram Yadav's house, resulting in the death of two brothers. The accused were arrested on 9 November 1973, but a test identification parade was conducted only on 5 March 1974, nearly four months later. Three eye‑witnesses, who were relatives of the victims, identified the accus…

The case concerns the murder of a ten‑year‑old boy, Muntiyaz Ali, whose body was found on 6 June 2007. The appellants Nazim, Aftab and Arman were convicted under Sections 302, 201 and 120‑B IPC based largely on the testimony of three prosecution witnesses and circumstantial evidence. The Supreme Court examined whether …

The appellant Balvir Singh was convicted of murder under s.302 IPC and dowry harassment under s.498A IPC, while his mother‑in‑law Maheshwari Devi was convicted of s.498A IPC read with s.34 IPC. The prosecution proved that the victim died from aluminium phosphide poisoning, a fumigant not explainable by her heart medica…

Methu Meda, who had been provisionally selected as a Constable in the CISF, was denied training after a screening committee found him ineligible because his acquittal in a kidnapping case was not "honourable" but based on benefit of doubt and hostile witnesses. The appellant Union of India challenged the High Court ord…

The Supreme Court upheld the convictions of eleven accused in a kidnapping‑for‑ransom case in Bihar, finding that the prosecution proved the elements of Section 364A IPC, including abduction, confinement and demand for ransom. The Court held that Section 368 IPC is a deemed offence under Section 364A, so the accused ch…

The victim Laxman was shot and killed inside his shop on 26 November 2002, with six accused alleged to have entered the shop armed and assaulted him. Five other accused (A2, A4, A7, A8, A11) were alleged to have been standing outside the shop, preventing people from entering or moving along the street. The prosecution …

The appellant, Santosh Kumar Singh, was accused of raping and murdering Priyadarshini Mattoo. The trial court acquitted him, rejecting the DNA evidence and deeming the circumstantial evidence insufficient. The High Court reversed the acquittal, finding the chain of circumstantial facts – continuous harassment, presence…

Nine persons were tried for the murder of Shaktipada Kayal in 1983. The trial court acquitted all accused, but the High Court upheld the acquittal of eight and convicted the appellant, Umapada Kayal, under Section 304 Part‑II IPC based on eye‑witnesses and post‑mortem evidence, sentencing him to ten years' rigorous imp…

The accused, Parshotam Lal and Ved Parkash, were convicted under Section 366 of the Indian Penal Code for kidnapping and raping a minor girl, Tripta, and sentenced to four years' rigorous imprisonment. The High Court reduced the sentence to one year and six months. During the pendency of the appeal, the victim filed an…

The case involved the rape and murder of a mill worker, Chitra, for which Rathinam, the son of the mill owner, was charged under Sections 376, 302 and 201 of the IPC. The trial court acquitted all accused, but the High Court reversed this acquittal based largely on the later statements of two witnesses, PW‑4 and PW‑5, …

The case involved two brothers, Sachchey Lal Tiwari and Bachchey Lal Tiwari, who were charged with murder of two sons of Achhaiber Misra after a dispute over a field demarcation line. The trial court convicted both under s.302 IPC, sentencing Sachchey to death and Bachchey to life imprisonment. The Allahabad High Court…

The accused Om Prakash was charged under Section 302 IPC and Section 27 of the Arms Act for shooting Maman Ram during a village dispute. The trial court convicted him based on eye‑witness testimony, ballistic evidence and the post‑mortem report, sentencing him to life imprisonment. The Punjab & Haryana High Court acqui…

Hem Chand, a police employee, was convicted under Sections 304‑B (dowry death) and 498‑A of the IPC for the strangulation death of his wife Saroj Bala within seven years of marriage. The trial court sentenced him to life imprisonment for the dowry death and two years for cruelty; the High Court affirmed both conviction…

Baccarose Perfumes and Beauty Products Pvt. Ltd (the appellant) challenged the Special Judge's order taking cognizance of alleged offences relating to the payment of Countervailing Duty (CVD) on invoice value instead of Maximum Retail Price (MRP). The company claimed that it had been granted immunity from prosecution u…

The case concerned a two‑year‑seven‑month‑old girl whose mother died in an unnatural death. The child had been in the care of her maternal aunts and grandparents since she was 11 months old. The father, who had been arrested and later released on bail, filed a habeas‑corpus petition before the Madhya Pradesh High Court…

The appellant, N. Ramkumar, assaulted his former lover Sangeetha by grabbing her hair and slamming her head against a wall, causing fatal head injuries. He was convicted by the Sessions Court and the Madurai Bench of the Madras High Court under Section 302 of the Indian Penal Code and sentenced to life imprisonment. Th…

The appellant, a co-accused in a murder case, was acquitted by the trial court on the ground that the prosecution failed to prove that the deceased was last seen in his company. The High Court reversed this acquittal and convicted the appellant under Sections 302 and 201 of the IPC, relying on a disputed 'last seen' th…

The marriage between Roopa Soni and Kamalnarayan Soni, solemnised in 2002, broke down after the birth of their child, leading to a separation that has lasted for over fifteen years. Both parties filed serious allegations against each other, including a complaint under Section 498A IPC and the Dowry Prohibition Act, and…

The Supreme Court of India considered the constitutional validity of Section 377 of the Indian Penal Code, 1860, which criminalized 'carnal intercourse against the order of nature' with any man, woman, or animal. The petitioners challenged the provision insofar as it criminalized consensual sexual acts between adults o…

The petitioners alleged that certain public officials abused their positions to facilitate a land transaction and sought quashing of the criminal proceedings initiated under the Prevention of Corruption Act. The High Court had dismissed the petition, holding that the order directing investigation under Section 156(3) C…

The case arose from a complaint alleging that a senior police officer, V. Dinesh Reddy, had amassed disproportionate assets, which was later claimed to be forged and signed by a fictitious MP. An investigation led to a charge sheet against Umesh Kumar under IPC sections 468, 471, 120‑B and 201, and the appellant sought…

Rohilkhand Medical College, established in 2005, sought renewal of its MBBS intake for the 2008‑09 batch, but the Medical Council of India (MCI) repeatedly recommended non‑renewal due to deficiencies. Despite this, the Central Government granted permission after a central inspection team, which was later found by the C…

The appellant, Ajay Kumar Das, was charged under IPC 304B (dowry death) read with s.34 for the death of his wife, who was allegedly pushed into a well by her parents‑in‑law after a telephone conversation with the appellant. The FIR implicated the parents‑in‑law and the appellant, and a charge‑sheet was filed. The appel…

Surinder Singh, convicted of murder under IPC s.302 read with s.34 and sentenced to life imprisonment, appealed his conviction. While his appeal was pending, he applied for regular bail; the Punjab and Haryana High Court denied it, though a co-accused was released on bail. The Supreme Court noted that the High Court's …

Balu Sonba Shinde was convicted of murdering his brother Shankar based primarily on the testimony of a single material witness (PW‑4) and circumstantial evidence, while the complainant (PW‑5) was declared hostile. The Supreme Court examined whether the chain of circumstantial evidence was complete and whether the hosti…

The appellants were charged with violations of the Foreign Exchange Regulation Act, 1947 and the Indian Penal Code section 120‑B. A complaint was filed under the corresponding provisions of the Foreign Exchange Regulation Act, 1973. The trial court dismissed the complaint, holding that the 1947 and 1973 Acts were incon…

The Supreme Court dismissed an appeal by special leave concerning the convictions of Munni Marandi and Babua Marandi for offences under Section 149 read with Section 326 of the IPC. Munni, an adult, was found to have participated in a crowd that chased the deceased and was sentenced to two years of rigorous imprisonmen…

The appellant was convicted under several provisions of the IPC, the POCSO Act and the SC/ST Atrocities Act and sentenced to a maximum of four years’ rigorous imprisonment, to run concurrently. While his appeal against conviction was pending before the Allahabad High Court, he filed an application under Section 389 of …

The appellant Shanti Devi, her son Rajbir and another accused Veena were convicted by the trial court and upheld by the High Court for the murder of Balwant, the informant's son, under Sections 302/34 and 201/34 IPC. The prosecution's case relied entirely on circumstantial evidence, including a motive of illegal occupa…

The father of a minor rape victim appealed against the Rajasthan High Court's order that suspended the conviction and sentence of the accused under Section 389 of the CrPC and released him on bail. The accused had been convicted under Sections 3/4(2) of the POCSO Act and Section 376(3) of the IPC, receiving a 20‑year r…

The appellants were convicted for murder and related offences based on the testimony of alleged eye‑witnesses PW‑9 and PW‑16 and on the recovery of blood‑stained sticks and a tabbal. The Supreme Court examined whether the eight‑day delay in recording the eye‑witness statements and the inability to establish that the st…

The case arose from a land dispute between related parties that escalated into a verbal duel and scuffle on 7 June 2002, resulting in the death of a person. The trial court convicted all four accused under Section 302 IPC with a common intention charge, but the Karnataka High Court altered the conviction of two accused…

Thirteen persons were alleged to have assaulted the deceased in a night-time mob attack, resulting in his death. The trial court convicted three accused, including the two appellants, under Sections 302, 149 and 148 of the IPC, while the High Court acquitted one and upheld the conviction of the two appellants. On appea…

The case involved seven accused who entered the under‑construction house of the deceased, armed with deadly weapons, and assaulted him, resulting in his death and injuries to two witnesses. The trial court convicted six of the accused under Sections 148, 302, 307, 325 read with Section 149 and Section 449 of the Indian…

The accused A‑1 to A‑4 entered the residence of PW‑1 armed with knives and assaulted PW‑1, his family and a friend, resulting in the death of PW‑1’s wife Sayeeda. The trial court convicted them under Sections 302, 307, 149, 109, 324 and 449 of the Indian Penal Code and imposed life imprisonment and rigorous imprisonmen…

The State of Rajasthan prosecuted Santosh Savita under Section 302 IPC for allegedly burning his sister-in-law by pouring kerosene and igniting her saree. The deceased gave two dying declarations naming the accused, which were recorded by a police officer and a doctor without a magistrate’s presence. The High Court acq…

The Supreme Court upheld the conviction of Bakhshish Singh, his nephew Satbir Singh and Rachhpal Singh for the murder of Gurcharan Singh, who was stabbed while taking a morning walk in a park. The prosecution proved that Satbir and Rachhpal, identified by the victim's wife Kulwinder Kaur, carried out the stabbing, whil…

The case involved a gang‑led shoot‑out in Mumbai that resulted in three deaths and several injuries. The accused were charged under the IPC, the Maharashtra Control of Organized Crime Act (MCOCA) and the Arms Act. The trial court convicted six of the eight accused, sentencing three to death, while two were acquitted. O…

The appellant, Devidas Ram Sunder Shukla (A‑2), together with his son Santosh Devidas Shukla (A‑1) and two others, were convicted under IPC sections 302, 202 and 34 for the murder of Manoja, who was burnt to death in the house they shared. The prosecution relied entirely on circumstantial evidence, including the presen…

The case arose from a murder in which the first informant, Rajendra Singh, alleged that Kapil Dev Singh (respondent No.2) participated. Although the charge‑sheet named only the co‑accused, the Sessions Court summoned Kapil Dev Singh under Section 319 of the CrPC based on the informant’s statement. Kapil Dev Singh filed…

The appellants Silak Ram, Narotam alias Raja and Bijender alias Binder were convicted for the murder of Jagbir under Sections 302 and 34 IPC. The prosecution relied on three eye‑witnesses (PW10, PW11 and PW14); PW11’s testimony was found cogent and consistent with medical evidence, while PW10’s identification was imper…

Kulwinder Singh was accused of attempting to rape the sister of the complainant, subsequently strangling her, and assaulting the complainant's grandmother with a gandasi, leading to both victims' deaths. The trial court convicted him under Section 302 IPC and sentenced him to death; the High Court set aside the death s…

The appellant, a 20‑year‑old male, was accused of raping and murdering an 11‑12‑year‑old girl who was last seen with him on 28 March 2001. The girl's body was discovered the next day in a dilapidated building, and the post‑mortem report confirmed strangulation and sexual assault. The prosecution relied on the testimony…

The Supreme Court examined appeals by several accused convicted of murder and offences under the Arms Act. It addressed whether the two‑year delay by the Patna High Court in pronouncing its judgment violated the right to speedy justice under Article 21 and the right of appeal. The Court held that such unexplained delay…

Zunjarrao Bhikaji Nagarkar, then Collector of Central Excise, ordered confiscation of excisable goods and confirmed duty against Mis. Hari Vishnu Packaging Ltd. but did not impose a penalty under Rule 173Q of the Central Excise Rules. The Central Board of Excise directed him to appeal to the Appellate Tribunal on the q…

Bilal Ahmad Kaloo, a Kashmiri youth and member of the militant outfit Al‑Jehad, was arrested in Hyderabad for allegedly spreading communal hatred among Muslims and possessing a revolver and cartridges. The Designated Court under TADA acquitted him of TADA offences but convicted him under IPC sections 124A (sedition), 1…

Madan Lal, a school headmaster, was charged under Sections 376/511 IPC for attempting to rape a 13‑year‑old student who he allegedly detained at his residence and forced to sexual intercourse. The trial court acquitted him, finding the victim’s testimony unreliable, the medical report inconclusive, and the semen eviden…

The appellants Rakesh and another were convicted under Section 302 read with Section 34 of the Indian Penal Code for the murder of Bhishampal Singh, based primarily on the eye‑witness testimony of PW1 and PW2 and medical evidence. The appellants challenged the conviction, arguing that the ballistic report showed a mism…

The case arose from a land dispute between closely related parties in which Subramani was killed during a violent altercation on 15 September 1994. The trial court convicted Kumarasamy and two others under Sections 34, 302 and 506(11) of the Indian Penal Code, but the Madras High Court set aside the conviction and acqu…

The appellants, Sirajul and others, were summoned in a criminal complaint under Section 307 IPC filed by respondent No.2, a co‑accused who had been convicted in a cross‑case relating to the same 1992 incident. The complaint was lodged in 2008, sixteen years after the alleged offence and more than a decade after the cro…

The State of Madhya Pradesh appealed a High Court order that quashed an FIR for offences under IPC sections 307, 294, 34 and Arms Act sections 25, 27 on the ground that the victim and accused had settled the dispute out of court. The issue was whether the High Court could invoke its inherent power under Section 482 of …

The case arose from a triple murder and injury incident in Jind, Haryana, where six accused were tried. The trial court convicted only A‑2 under IPC s.302 and the Arms Act, acquitting the other five appellants. The High Court reversed the acquittals, convicting the five under s.148 and s.302 r.w. s.149 IPC. On appeal, …

Suba Singh and his son Shingara Singh were convicted of murder and related offences for the killing of Surinder Singh. The widow of the deceased and her minor daughter filed a civil suit under the Fatal Accidents Act, 1855 seeking Rs. 3 lakh as compensation. The trial court awarded the amount with 12% interest, which w…

The appellant Shivjee Singh filed a protest petition that was converted into a complaint alleging that four persons killed his son. The Judicial Magistrate, after examining the appellant and only two of the four witnesses he named, took cognizance of offences under Sections 302, 1208 IPC and Section 27 Arms Act and iss…

The Central Bank of India sued Asian Global Ltd., its sister concern, and several directors for offences under Sections 138 and 139 of the Negotiable Instruments Act, alleging that a cheque issued as a corporate guarantee was dishonoured. The trial court held the bank to be a holder in due course and rejected the direc…

Eight persons, including the appellant Singapagu Anjaiah, were tried for rioting, attempt to commit murder, murder and causing hurt. The appellant allegedly struck the deceased, S. Ramalingam, on the head with a crow bar, causing multiple skull fractures and death, as corroborated by five eyewitnesses and an autopsy re…

Jagriti Devi was convicted of murder under Section 302 IPC for allegedly killing her co‑wife Shama Devi with a khukri after an altercation. She claimed she acted in private defence after the deceased attacked her with the same weapon, which the deceased had kept under her pillow. The trial court and High Court upheld t…

The State of Uttar Pradesh prosecuted Nandu Vishwakarma and others for the murder of Dangar Yadav and injuries to two witnesses arising out of a land‑related dispute. The trial court convicted them under Section 302 read with Section 34 and Section 367 read with Section 34 of the Indian Penal Code. The Allahabad High C…

The prosecution alleged that on 17 April 1978, the deceased Yashpal was surrounded by three brothers, Ramvir, Ranpal Singh and Chatar Singh, and Ramvir delivered a fatal knife blow to his chest. The trial court convicted Ramvir under s.302 IPC and the other two brothers under s.302 read with s.34 IPC, sentencing all to…

The appellant, Indrasan, was convicted of murder for striking the deceased, Jawahar, on the head with a lathi, causing death within an hour. The trial and High Courts upheld the conviction under Section 302 IPC, imposing life imprisonment. On appeal, the Supreme Court examined the eyewitness testimony, the prompt lodgi…

Masauddin Ahmed was convicted by the Sessions Court and later by the High Court for raping a maid, Mira Begum, under Section 376 IPC. On appeal, the Supreme Court examined the evidence, noting that the doctor who examined the victim stated she was 18 years old, while the prosecution relied on the victim’s claim of bein…

Shakson Belthisor appealed against the Kerala High Court’s order refusing to quash the FIR and charge sheet filed under Section 498A IPC for alleged cruelty by the husband. The Supreme Court examined whether the FIR and charge sheet disclosed any of the essential ingredients of cruelty as defined in explanations (a) or…

V.K. Ratheesh was tried for murder (IPC 302) and the trial court acquitted him, finding serious discrepancies in the prosecution's evidence. The Kerala High Court set aside the acquittal, deeming the discrepancies trivial, and convicted him under IPC 304(1) with a seven‑year sentence. On appeal, the Supreme Court exami…

The appellant’s husband, Rajesh, who runs a lending firm, was declared a ‘notorious goonda’ and detained under Section 3(1) of the Kerala Anti‑Social Activities (Prevention) Act, 2007 based on a police recommendation citing several criminal cases. He was already on bail in those cases, and the detaining authority did n…

The appellants were convicted for murder (IPC s.304 Part II) and related offences after assaulting the deceased and his family while cutting paddy from their field. They contended that the FIR was tampered with and that they acted in private defence. The Supreme Court held that the FIR was genuine and that the plea of …

The accused Ajay Singh was convicted of murdering his wife under Section 302 IPC, primarily on the basis of an alleged extra‑judicial confession and the presence of kerosene on his clothing. The Supreme Court examined whether the confession, recorded by witnesses who were either inimical or had a relationship with the …

The appellant was convicted and sentenced to death for the rape and murder of a 3‑year‑9‑month‑old child based on three strands of circumstantial evidence: a disputed 'last seen together' testimony, an alleged extra‑judicial confession, and a forensic soil match. The Supreme Court examined whether the investigation was…

The Chief Election Commissioner (EC) sought an order restraining the media from reporting oral remarks made by the Madras High Court, which alleged that the EC was "singularly responsible for the second wave of COVID‑19" and should face murder charges. The High Court’s oral observations were not part of its written ord…

The case concerns the murder of village Pradhan Ram Aasare Pathak, for which four accused were charged under IPC sections 302 and 34. The trial court acquitted all four, relying on alleged relationships among witnesses, lack of independent witnesses, disputed motive, and questions about the place of occurrence and inju…

The State of Rajasthan appealed against the High Court's conversion of the murder conviction of accused Mehram (No.5) under Section 302 IPC to a lesser offence under Section 326 IPC and the reduction of his sentence to five months. The facts reveal that the accused, armed with lethal weapons, lay in wait behind bushes …

The appellant, Rambir, was convicted of murder under Section 302 IPC for strangling his wife with a saria on a rooftop after a quarrel over money. The trial court sentenced him to life imprisonment, a decision upheld by the Delhi High Court, which rejected his claim that the killing fell under Exception 4 to Section 30…

The State of Himachal Pradesh appealed the High Court's acquittal of Dr. Rajiv Jass, who was convicted by a trial court for murdering his pregnant wife by forcibly administering organophosphorus poison. The prosecution relied on circumstantial evidence, including multiple ante‑mortem injuries on the victim, the accused…

The appellant, Prabhakar Vithal Golve, was convicted under Section 302 IPC for the fatal assault of a deceased man, allegedly triggered by a minor grievance over a telephonic message. The prosecution failed to establish any motive for the killing, and the evidence showed that the assault was a spontaneous reaction to t…

The appellants Iqbal and Khurshed were convicted under Section 396 of the Indian Penal Code for participation in a dacoity that occurred on a new‑moon night, based primarily on the testimony of three eye‑witnesses and their identification of the accused in a test identification parade. The prosecution failed to recover…

Sunita, a married woman, committed suicide within three years of her marriage by self‑immolation after a quarrel with her mother‑in‑law over a dowry demand for a gold chain. A dying declaration recorded by an Executive Magistrate, certified by a doctor, alleged that the mother‑in‑law repeatedly harassed her for the dow…

An FIR under the NDPS Act led to the arrest of a accused who escaped while being escorted by police constables. The constables were charged under IPC Section 222 and convicted, prompting them to file a criminal appeal. The Gujarat High Court, after dictating an acquitting order in open court but before signing it, reca…

The appellant was convicted of murder, rape and kidnapping of a 4‑year‑old girl based solely on circumstantial evidence, including the testimony of four family members and forensic findings. On appeal, the Supreme Court examined the credibility of the witnesses, noting material contradictions, embellishments and incons…

The appellants Murugan @ Settu (A1) and his accomplices A2 and A3 were convicted for kidnapping, compelling marriage and raping a girl, Shankari (PW‑4). The appellants contended that Shankari was an adult who voluntarily went with A1 and that the birth and school certificates were unreliable. The Supreme Court examined…

The Supreme Court examined a petition by Sushil Suri, an executive director of Morepen Labs Ltd., who sought to quash a CBI chargesheet under Section 482 of the Cr.P.C. on the ground that the company had repaid the hire‑purchase loan it obtained fraudulently from Punjab & Sind Bank and thus caused no loss. The chargesh…

The appellant, Suresh Kumar Singh, was convicted under IPC Sections 3048 (dowry death) and 498A (cruelty) for the death of his wife Asha Devi, who died from burns on 8 December 1993. The marriage date was disputed (1983 or 1987), and the prosecution alleged dowry demands and a prior attempt to burn the victim a year ea…

The case arose from a violent intrusion by A‑1 and his associates into the house of Mohammed Ishaq, during which household articles were seized and several occupants were assaulted. The trial court convicted A‑1 under IPC sections 148 (unlawful assembly), 392 (robbery) and 452 (house‑trespass) and sentenced him to rigo…

The incident occurred on 30 March 1993 when Lamber Singh was assaulted in his field by Sarwan Singh, who wielded a broken gandasi, and several others armed with lathis, resulting in his death. The accused – Sarwan Singh (deceased), Jagtar Singh (deceased), Nazar Singh and Baldev Singh – were convicted by the trial cour…

The Supreme Court examined the conviction of two accused under Sections 302 and 149/34 of the Indian Penal Code for the murder of Krishan, while three co‑accused had been acquitted by the High Court. The appellants argued that contradictions in the eyewitness testimonies and the High Court's failure to mention Section …

The Supreme Court examined appeals by the CBI challenging the Delhi High Court’s grant of bail to Abhishek Verma, who was charged under Sections 3 and 9 of the Official Secrets Act, 1923 and Sections 409/109 read with 120‑B of the IPC for allegedly receiving classified defence information via pen drives. The Court held…

On 31 January 2000, Subhash Kumar and three others assaulted Surendra Kumar Sehgal with khukris at a college gate, causing multiple injuries. The FIR named Subhash and the three co‑accused as being armed and recorded Subhash's specific act of placing his hand on the victim's shoulder and urging the attack. All four wer…

The case involved six accused bank officials and businessmen charged with criminal conspiracy, cheating and corruption for allegedly abusing a cheque‑discounting facility of State Bank of India. The Special Judge and the High Court convicted all six under Sections 120‑B and 420 of the IPC and, for three of them, under …

The case arose from a long‑standing boundary dispute between two families in a Karnataka village, which escalated into a violent confrontation that resulted in the deaths of three persons. The prosecution relied on the testimony of three natural witnesses who were relatives of the victims, and on a First Information Re…

The appellant, Baldev Singh, was convicted under Section 302 read with Section 120B IPC for the murder of his brother Pritam Singh. The conviction was based mainly on the testimony of a taxi driver (PW‑26) who claimed to have overheard a conspiratorial discussion, and on an alleged extra‑judicial confession of a co‑acc…

The appeal arose from a civil dispute among co‑sharers over the extent of their shares in a joint family property. Two co‑sharers sold a portion of the property to third parties, prompting the remaining co‑sharer to file a suit for cancellation of the sale deed and a criminal complaint alleging cheating and forgery und…

The appellants were accused of a gun‑battle with police in a village, during which a police constable and an alleged dacoit died. The trial court convicted them under Sections 302, 307, 353 read with 34 of the IPC, while the High Court affirmed the conviction. The Supreme Court held that the identification of the accus…

An FIR was lodged against U. Suvetha, describing her as the "girl friend"/"concubine" of the husband of the complainant. Suvetha sought discharge on the ground that the allegation, even if true, did not constitute an offence under Section 498A of the Indian Penal Code (IPC). The Madras High Court dismissed the applicat…

The case arose from a land dispute that escalated into a violent altercation in which the deceased, Chintamani Singh, was fatally injured. The prosecution alleged that appellant No.1, Jaleshwar Singh, ordered the assault and that appellant No.2 delivered the fatal blow, leading to a conviction under Section 302 read wi…

The appellants Subhash Soni and others were convicted under Sections 302 and 34 of the IPC for murder, primarily on the basis of an oral dying declaration made by the deceased while being taken to hospital. The High Court upheld the conviction despite discarding the testimony of two eye‑witnesses, relying on the dying …

The accused were charged with murder and related offences under the IPC and the Explosive Substances Act. The trial court acquitted them, but the High Court, on appeal by the State, convicted several of the accused under sections 302, 302 r/w 149 and 307, while acquitting them of other charges. The State appealed to th…

The State of Himachal Pradesh charged Rakesh Kumar with murder under Section 302 IPC for stabbing the deceased, Sanjiv Sen, in the chest during a party at Yash Pal's house. The trial court convicted Kumar based on the testimony of three natural witnesses present in the room and the recovery of a blood‑stained knife fro…

The appellant Jakir was one of five accused of abduction and rape under IPC sections 366A and 376(2). The trial court convicted three of the accused, including Jakir, sentencing each to ten years, while two absconded. The victim, during her examination‑in‑chief, positively identified two of the accused (Raju and Pancha…

The deceased Sharada allegedly committed suicide by jumping into a well due to alleged cruelty by her relatives. Five persons – the father‑in‑law, mother‑in‑law, husband, brother‑in‑law and sister‑in‑law – were charged under Sections 498‑A and 306 IPC read with Section 34. The trial court acquitted all five for lack of…

The appellant, D. Jayana, was convicted by a trial court of dowry death under Section 304-8 IPC and cruelty under Section 498-A IPC, receiving a life term for the former. The Karnataka High Court upheld both convictions but reduced the sentences to seven years for 304-8 and three years for 498-A, to run concurrently. O…

Mis. Mediline India (P) Ltd obtained a loan of Rs.5,00,000 and issued two cheques which bounced for insufficient funds. A complaint under Section 138 of the Negotiable Instruments Act and Section 420 IPC was filed against two directors, Ashish Narula and Manish Arora, who were later convicted. While the case was pendin…

The appellant borrowed Rs.30,000 from the deceased and, after refusing to repay, was slapped and threatened the deceased. The following day the appellant, with two accomplices, attacked the deceased with knives, causing his death, and grievously injured a bystander (PW1). The trial court convicted the appellant under S…

The appellant, Vellikannu, a daughter‑in‑law, claimed inheritance of the joint family property of her deceased father‑in‑law, Ramasami Konar, asserting her right as his widow. The sole son of the deceased, Respondent No.1, had murdered his father and was convicted under Section 302 IPC, later released. The issue was wh…

The accused, a senior police officer, was alleged to have assaulted and caused the death of a man in a hotel swimming pool. The trial court acquitted him, finding the medical evidence and witness testimony insufficient, while the Karnataka High Court set aside the acquittal, convicted him under Sections 302, 304(II), 2…

V.P. Patil was accused of murdering his first wife Suman. The prosecution relied on motive, the accused's suspicious conduct, extra‑judicial confessions to two witnesses, blood‑stained articles, the mangalsutra and blood found in the accused's nail clippings, and a medical report indicating death by sub‑dural hematoma.…

The case involved three accused who were alleged to have strangled a rickshaw puller, Bhanwar Singh, using a cloth rolled into a rope. Two constables on night patrol heard the victim’s cries, entered the guest house and saw the assault, catching two of the accused while the third escaped by scaling a wall. The prosecut…