Judgments of 2026

The appellant, Gour Acharjee, was convicted for the murder of his wife Soma Acharjee, who died after being subjected to severe dowry-related torture. The prosecution alleged that Soma was beaten, sustaining head and chest injuries, and subsequently hanged to simulate suicide, while the defence claimed a voluntary suici…

The appellant, a 38‑year‑old skilled carpenter, lost his right leg above the knee in a motor vehicle accident caused by a rash Jeep driver. The Motor Accident Claims Tribunal awarded Rs.4,77,823, which the High Court enhanced to Rs.11,51,423, but the appellant sought further enhancement. The Supreme Court examined the …

The deceased, a 20‑year‑old CA final student, was killed when his roommate's car struck a truck that had been left stationary on a dark road without any warning lights or signs. The Motor Accident Claims Tribunal held that the negligence lay with the truck driver for leaving the vehicle unattended, and awarded Rs 81,21…

The appellant accused were convicted of pre‑meditated murder based on the "last seen together" theory, alleged extra‑judicial confessions, recoveries of alleged weapons and a motorcycle, and serological evidence. The Supreme Court examined whether the time gap between the accused being last seen with the deceased and t…

The appellants, engaged as Work Charged and Muster Roll workers in various departments of the Government of Assam before 1 April 1993, rendered continuous service for decades. The State, through a Cabinet decision dated 22 July 2005, regularized about 30,000 similarly situated workers, but due to clerical lapses the ap…

The Vice Chancellor of Rajiv Gandhi National Aviation University appointed Jitendra Singh as the First Registrar on the President of India's (Visitor's) recommendation. After a probationary termination in early 2020, Singh filed multiple writ petitions, leading to a High Court order reinstating him and later quashing t…

The testator B. Sheena Nairi executed a Will on 15 May 1983 bequeathing all his immovable properties to his sister Laxmi Nairthy, cancelling an earlier Power of Attorney in favour of his brother‑in‑law. After his death, his wife applied for mutation of the properties in her name, but the sister filed a suit seeking dec…

The appellant, a Sri Lankan national named Ranjan, was arrested in 2021 and charged under multiple statutes for allegedly being the absconding accused "Sri" (A‑5) involved in a conspiracy to revive the banned LTTE. The prosecution’s case rested solely on the belated testimonies of two witnesses who identified the appel…

The appellant, a father, lost his five‑year‑old son when a tanker struck the boy as they walked to school on a road that had no footpath or pedestrian crossing. The father filed a claim for Rs 25,00,000 before the Motor Accident Claims Tribunal, which awarded Rs 7,82,000 with interest; the High Court later reduced the …

The original plaintiff sued the school for illegal encroachment, seeking a mandatory injunction to remove a wall and a lintel that obstructed light, air and water flow. The trial courts granted the injunctions, and the first appellate court affirmed those decrees. The Punjab & Haryana High Court, however, set aside the…

Rambalak was charged under IPC sections 419, 420, 467, 468 and 471. The Allahabad High Court rejected his second bail application and, while exercising its bail jurisdiction, directed the trial court to issue summons under CrPC ss.62 and 69 and to take coercive measures against persons delaying the proceedings. The Sup…

The appellant, Parvinder Singh, was subject to an ECIR and arrested, after which the Enforcement Directorate filed a prosecution complaint under the PMLA on 24 June 2024. The Special Court took cognizance of the offence on 2 July 2024, after the Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita (BNSS) had come into force, without giv…

The appellant, a wait‑listed candidate for principal posts in non‑government aided colleges, was recommended for appointment to a PG college on 3 August 2022 but did not join due to family circumstances and later sought posting to another college. The Director, relying on Section 13(4) of the Uttar Pradesh Higher Educa…

Sant Rohidas Leather Industries, a state‑run corporation, deposited Rs 9 crore as a fixed‑deposit receipt (FDR) with Vijaya Bank. The bank later pledged the FDR to secure an overdraft of Rs 8.10 crore, which the company alleged was done fraudulently and without its consent, prompting a complaint to the Economic Offence…

The appellant, a bank officer, was served a charge sheet for loan disbursement irregularities on the day he superannuated, and disciplinary proceedings continued, resulting in a permanent reduction of three pay‑scale stages. The appellant challenged the punishment, arguing that post‑retirement only the Pension Regulati…

The appellant, a movie producer, borrowed money from the complainant on the promise of a share in profits and later issued post‑dated cheques to repay the principal, which later bounced. The complainant filed a criminal complaint for cheating under Section 420 IPC and criminal breach of trust under Section 406 IPC. The…

The appellant, Jennifer Messias, sought partition and separate possession of a flat jointly owned with the deceased husband. The trial court issued a decree on 13 April 2012 that declared the parties' shares, awarded possession and mesne profits to the appellant, and appointed an Advocate Commissioner to effect partiti…

The appellant R. Halle, a 30‑year‑old manager, suffered grievous injuries including head injury, facial injuries and a left femur fracture in a head‑on collision with a motorcycle driven by R. Chinnadurhi. The Motor Accidents Claims Tribunal (MACT) certified a permanent physical disability of 63% and awarded Rs 65,53,8…

The appellants were appointed as librarians in Bihar based on a B.Lib degree from the University of Technology and Science, Raipur, which was established under the Chhattisgarh Niji Kshetra Vishwavidyalaya Act, 2002. The Act was later declared ultra vires by the Supreme Court in 2005, leading the State of Bihar to term…

The plaintiff, Goltens Dubai, repaired the vessel Master Panos and sought $100,000 from Defendant No.1 (Archean Industries) as part of a freight‑sharing arrangement that was to be paid directly to the plaintiff. Defendant No.1 executed a letter dated 22‑04‑1998 and a "Corporate Guarantee" dated 25‑04‑1998, unequivocall…

The case involved a complaint by Mohammad Kaleem regarding the murder of Ammar, wherein the complainant sought to summon two additional persons, Rajendra and Mausam, as accused under Section 319 of the Criminal Procedure Code. The Trial Court and the Allahabad High Court rejected the application, holding that the evide…

The appellant Subramani was accused of murdering his wife by pouring kerosene on her, setting her alight, and also of cruelty under Section 498A of the IPC. The trial court acquitted him, relying on the small size of the bathroom and questioning the reliability of the victim's dying declaration. On appeal, the High Cou…

The petitioners, contractual toll‑collection employees, were arrested after an altercation with an advocate who allegedly refused to pay toll charges, leading to an FIR under several sections of the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita. While one lawyer filed a bail application, members of the Barabanki Bar and the Bar Council enga…

The trial court convicted two private respondents for offences under Sections 307, 324 and 326 of the IPC for stabbing a victim, sentencing them to three years' rigorous imprisonment and a fine of ₹5,000 each. The High Court, on revision, upheld the conviction but reduced the custodial term to the two months already se…

The appellant, Rohit Jangde, the step‑father of a six‑year‑old girl, was convicted by the trial court and the High Court for her murder based on three circumstances: a ‘last seen together’ theory, recovery of charred bone fragments and ashes after the accused allegedly led police to the site, and DNA matching of verteb…

The appellant, a complainant, filed an FIR alleging that the accused, Ajay Pal Gupta (also known as Sonu Chaudhary), conspired with others to cheat him of over ₹11.5 crore by supplying foodgrains and using forged documents. The accused was arrested after a 1.5‑year abscondment and his bail application was rejected by t…

The appellants, the wife and daughters of a deceased property owner, filed a second suit challenging a power of attorney and seeking injunctions, after having earlier filed a first suit for similar reliefs. The defendants moved to reject the second plaint under Order VII Rule 11(d) of the CPC, arguing that the suit was…

Bhola Mahto was convicted of murder under Section 302 IPC in 2002 and appealed the conviction in 2003. The appeal remained pending for over two decades while he was on bail, and when it was finally listed, no counsel appeared on his behalf, prompting the High Court to appoint an amicus curiae without informing the appe…

The petition challenged the constitution of a three‑member inquiry committee by the Lok Sabha Speaker after a notice of motion to remove a Delhi High Court judge was admitted in the Lok Sabha but rejected in the Rajya Sabha by the Deputy Chairman, who was acting as Chairman after the Chairman’s resignation. The petitio…

HT Media Ltd organized an annual Hindustan Times Leadership Summit and hired foreign speakers through booking agents such as the Washington Speakers Bureau and Harry Walker Agency. The tax authorities issued show‑cause notices and later a demand of Service Tax, asserting that the fees paid to the speakers via the agent…

The Special Police Establishment (SPE) of Madhya Pradesh, constituted under the 1947 Act to investigate corruption‑related offences, was directed by the High Court to disclose information sought by a Town Inspector under the Right to Information Act, 2005 (RTI). The appellant argued that a 2011 State Government notific…

The petitioner, Rohit Chaturvedi, was convicted for murder under Sections 120B and 302 IPC and sentenced to life imprisonment in 2007. After serving more than twenty‑two years, he sought premature release, which was recommended by the Uttarakhand State Government but rejected by the Ministry of Home Affairs in a letter…

The Jammu & Kashmir Economic Reconstruction Agency (JKERA) engaged Rash Builders for four road projects in J&K, but contractual disputes led the contractor to invoke arbitration. The parties, with the arbitrator’s consent, fixed Srinagar as the seat of arbitration and New Delhi as the venue, later appointing a new sole…

The appellant society, representing homebuyers, challenged the NCLAT's order admitting Takshashila Heights India Private Ltd (the corporate debtor) into the Corporate Insolvency Resolution Process (CIRP) on a petition filed by Edelweiss Asset Reconstruction Company Ltd (the financial creditor). The society also contest…

The State of Himachal Pradesh prosecuted Chaman Lal for allegedly pouring kerosene on his wife Saro Devi and setting her on fire, leading to her death. The trial court convicted him based largely on the wife's dying declaration recorded by a Tehsildar, but the High Court acquitted him, extending the benefit of doubt du…

The Supreme Court examined the fallout from the denial of renewal of recognition to Sardar Rajas Medical College, Hospital and Research Centre (SRMCH) due to serious deficiencies, which forced the transfer of 124 MBBS students to three private medical colleges in Odisha. Interim orders had required the students to pay …

The appellant was convicted under Sections 302 and 323 of the IPC and Sections 3(2)(v) and 3(1)(x) of the SC/ST Act for allegedly killing Shiva Shankar after a dispute arising from an elopement involving the appellant's sister. The prosecution's case relied mainly on the testimony of the victim's mother (an interested …

The former Jharkhand minister Anosh Ekka was convicted in two separate cases arising from the same set of allegations of acquiring disproportionate assets and misusing his office. The High Court rejected his application for suspension of sentence and bail during the pendency of the appeal, prompting a special leave pet…

Aspinwall & Co. Ltd. amalgamated with Pullangode Rubber & Produce Co. Ltd., with the scheme approved in 2006 and the appointed date set as 01‑01‑2006. The appellant sought to set off the accumulated losses of the amalgamating company against its own income under the Kerala Agricultural Income Tax Act, 1991, relying on …

The husband and wife, married in 2000, lived separately from 2022 and entered into a mediated Settlement Agreement in May 2024 that provided for a mutual‑consent divorce, payment of Rs 75 lakh, a car purchase, jewellery hand‑over and other financial transfers. The first motion for divorce was granted after the husband …

The Mizo Chief Council filed a writ petition under Article 32 on behalf of tribal chieftains alleging that the State had acquired their traditional lands without paying due compensation, violating their fundamental right to property. The petition was filed in 2014, more than six decades after the 1955 notification that…

The appellant, Zubair P, a teacher with BA and MA in Economics and a B.Ed. in Social Sciences, had passed the State Eligibility Test (SET) in Malayalam and was appointed as Higher Secondary School Teacher (Economics) on 15 July 2021. The State of Kerala and other respondents objected, contending that the Kerala Educati…

The appellants, a group of agriculturists and a nearby school, challenged a Change of Land Use (CLU) dated 13‑12‑2021 that permitted a cement‑related grinding unit on land classified as a rural agricultural zone in the Sangrur Master Plan. The High Court had upheld the CLU, relying on a subsequent approval recorded on …

The appellants were convicted under Section 3 read with Section 7 of the Essential Commodities Act, 1955 for allegedly possessing and diverting government‑quota cement in 1994. The prosecution relied on the Maharashtra Cement (Licensing and Control) Order, 1973 and the Cement Control Order, 1967, but the Supreme Court …

The Tiruchirappalli District Cricket Association (TDCA), a society registered under the Tamil Nadu Societies Registration Act, 1975, was challenged by a former office‑bearer (respondent No.2) who sought a fresh voters list and a free, fair election, invoking directions from the High Court that were based on the S. Nith…

The appellant, Sujata Bora, applied for a Management Trainee position at Coal India Limited (CIL) in 2019 under the Visually Handicapped category and qualified for the interview. She was later declared unfit during the Initial Medical Examination because she also had residuary partial hemiparesis, and CIL denied her ap…

The petitioner, Dinesh Biwaji Ashtikar, sought admission for his children in a nearby unaided school under the 25% quota mandated by Section 12 of the Right of Children to Free and Compulsory Education Act, 2009, but the school refused and the High Court dismissed his writ on the ground that he had not followed the onl…

The deceased Dr. Mahendra Prasad died in 2021 leaving three sons; one son, Ranjit Sharma, died after his father’s death and his wife Geeta Sharma filed a maintenance petition under the Hindu Adoptions and Maintenance Act, 1956, claiming she was a dependant. The Family Court dismissed the petition, holding she was not a…

The appellant, Angelwoods Apartment Allottees Association, challenged the approval of its resolution plan by the NCLT, which was appealed by respondent M Lalitha, a financial creditor, under Section 61 of the Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code. Lalitha filed the appeal on the last permissible day but failed to attach a cer…

The appellants filed a public interest litigation seeking the inclusion of the Rajasthani language in the syllabus of the Rajasthan Eligibility Examination for Teachers (REET) 2021 and the use of Rajasthani as a medium of instruction in schools. The High Court dismissed the petition, holding that a writ of mandamus req…

The complainant alleged that Narayana Multispecialty Hospital overcharged for an HRCT test that was not performed, delayed the supply of medical records, and that hospital staff threatened him when he raised the issue. He filed a criminal complaint invoking Sections 405, 420 and 120B of the IPC and Section 34 of the We…

The appellant, a police constable, was dismissed by the Deputy Commissioner of Police under clause (b) of the second proviso to Article 311(2) of the Constitution without a departmental inquiry, on the ground that it was not reasonably practicable to hold one due to alleged threat, intimidation and possible tampering o…

The appellants, employees of the Air Force Group Insurance Society (AFGIS), challenged the Society's decision to revise their pay scales without linking them to the Sixth Pay Commission, filing writ petitions in the Delhi High Court. The High Court dismissed the petitions, holding that AFGIS could not be classified as …

The dispute arose from a sale of cotton bales between CCI and M/s Lakshmi Ganesh Textiles Ltd, which led to an arbitral award for recovery of money in 2001. The award was challenged but the challenge was dismissed in 2013. Subsequently, ICICI Bank, as a secured creditor, attached the debtor's properties under the SARFA…

The case concerned ex‑servicemen who, after being granted disability pension, sought arrears of pension dating back to their discharge dates, invoking the Supreme Court's 2014 judgment in Union of India v. Ram Avtar which recognized a broad‑banding right. The Union of India appealed, arguing that the Limitation Act, 19…

The Ansal Crown Heights Flat Buyers Association, representing flat buyers, entered into agreements with Ansal Crown Infrabuild Pvt. Ltd. (ACIPL) for possession of apartments, which were not delivered. The association filed two consumer complaints against ACIPL and its directors/promoters; the National Consumer Disputes…

The plaintiff Gopal sued the deceased vendor Kishorilal for specific performance of a sale agreement; the vendor's heirs and the purchasers (appellants 2 and 3) were joined in the suit which was decreed in Kishorilal's favour. An appeal (F.A. No.213 of 2000) was filed, but Kishorilal died and his four legal heirs were …

The dispute concerned a 95.80‑acre family property originally transferred in 1960 to the appellant, Makardhwaj Ram, and his mother. Subsequent sales by a cousin acting under a General Power of Attorney were later cancelled, leading to multiple suits challenging those sales, all of which were dismissed. The appellant la…

The appellant, the Commissioner of Bruhat Bangalore Mahanagara Palike, was sued for injuries suffered by a passenger when a branch from a roadside tree fell on a stationary auto‑rickshaw during heavy rain. The passenger filed a claim under the Motor Vehicles Act, 1988, seeking compensation, which was initially dismisse…

Surekha Domaji Bele, an Upper Division Clerk with over two decades of service at MSEDCL, was suspended in 2006 for alleged indiscipline and related misconduct. A domestic enquiry was held but later declared unfair, leading to a de novo adjudication before the Labour Court where misconduct was proved. The employer dismi…

The District Civil Surgeon, acting as the appropriate authority under the Pre‑Natal Diagnostic Techniques (Prohibition of Sex Selection) Act, 1994, conducted a search, seized Dr. Ramesh’s sonography equipment and issued a notice under s.20(1) of the Act. Dr. Ramesh appeared before the Advisory Committee, which found pr…

The appellants, who were family members, were charged under Sections 3(1)(r) and 3(1)(s) of the SC/ST Act and Section 506 read with Section 34 of the IPC for allegedly hurling caste‑based insults and threatening the complainant inside a residential house. The trial court framed charges, which the High Court upheld, but…

The case involved the alleged arson and murder of an elderly couple whose shanty was set ablaze, resulting in the death of the husband and later his wife. The prosecution alleged that the younger son and his wife committed the crime, relying primarily on several dying declarations, motive stemming from a property dispu…

The case concerned candidates who had secured ranks in the Civil Services Examination and claimed OBC (Non‑Creamy Layer) reservation, but were denied on the ground that their parents' salary income exceeded the creamy‑layer ceiling as per the Department of Personnel and Training's (DoPT) application of the 1993 Office …

The Municipal Corporation of Greater Mumbai (MCGM) entered into a consultancy contract with M/s R.V. Anderson Associates Ltd. and, after completion of work, a payment dispute arose. The parties invoked an arbitration clause, appointing two arbitrators who later appointed a presiding arbitrator after the 30‑day period p…

The case concerned the inter‑se seniority of Assistant Engineers (Electrical) recruited directly versus those selected internally by the Tamil Nadu Electricity Board. Direct recruits were appointed between December 2000 and March 2001, while internal candidates were promoted in May 2002. The dispute centered on whether…

Rajkumar Yadav applied for the post of constable (driver) in the Madhya Pradesh Police but was rejected by the screening committee because he had been involved in offences of kidnapping, abduction and rape of a minor girl, and his acquittal by the trial court was only on the basis of benefit of doubt, not an honourable…

Hemlata Eknath Pise was dismissed from service by Shubham Bahu‑uddeshiya Sanstha, but the School Tribunal had earlier set aside the dismissal and ordered her reinstatement with benefits. The High Court, on a writ petition filed by the respondent, remanded the matter back to the Tribunal, basing its decision solely on t…

K. Rajaiah, a court attender, was dismissed after a disciplinary inquiry concluded that he had fabricated a handwritten medical certificate to justify his unauthorized absence from 3‑8‑2017 to 7‑8‑2017. The inquiry relied on the testimony of Dr. Bommaraveni, who denied issuing the certificate and alleged it was fabrica…

The case concerned whether the retired employees of the Heavy Water Plant (HWP) of the Department of Atomic Energy, Tuticorin, are covered by the Payment of Gratuity Act, 1972. The employees had received gratuity under the CCS (Pension) Rules, 1972 and sought the higher amount prescribed under the Gratuity Act, leading…

The State of Madhya Pradesh appealed against directions issued by the Madhya Pradesh High Court that trial courts, while trying cases under the Prevention of Corruption Act, must examine the sanctioning authority under Section 311 of the Code of Criminal Procedure before charge‑framing, even when the accused does not c…

Retired employees of the Kerala State Road Transport Corporation (KSRTC) challenged a Government Order that enhanced dearness allowance (DA) for serving employees by 14% but dearness relief (DR) for pensioners by only 11%, alleging violation of Article 14 of the Constitution. The High Court held the differential rates …

The appellant, a long‑serving employee of a cooperative society, was recommended by the Board of Directors and approved by the General Body for promotion to Society Manager, with a relaxation in educational qualifications due to his experience. The Registrar rejected the relaxation, citing lack of required qualificatio…

The parties were married in 2002 and have two children. They lived separately from 2018, with the husband filing for divorce on grounds of cruelty and desertion under Sections 13(1)(ia) and 13(1)(ib) of the Hindu Marriage Act. The Family Court found that the wife’s conduct amounted to cruelty and that the husband had b…

The appellants were convicted under IPC sections 323 and 324 read with section 34 for assaulting a victim's family and were sentenced only to pay fines of Rs.500 and Rs.2,000 respectively. They appealed, seeking the benefit of sections 3 and 4 of the Probation of Offenders Act, 1958, arguing that the Act should apply e…

The landlord, the legal heirs of the deceased Sri M.V. Ramachandrasa, sued M/s Mahendra Watch Company and its partners for unlawful sub‑letting of a shop premises in Bengaluru. The trial court held that the original tenant had part‑ed with legal possession to respondents No.2 and No.3, who were strangers to the lease, …

The suspended director of Ambro Asia Private Limited, Nitendra Kumar Tomer, appealed to the NCLAT against the NCLT's order admitting an operational creditor's application under Section 9 of the Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code (IBC). The appeal was filed in the name of the corporate debtor even though an interim resoluti…

The CBI laid a trap after a complaint that Income Tax Inspector Baljeet Singh (A2) demanded a bribe of Rs 5 lakhs on behalf of Assessing Officer Arun Kumar Gurjar (A1). During the trap, marked notes smeared with phenolphthalein were recovered from A2's coat pocket and his hands turned pink in a sodium carbonate test, c…

Ramadebi Rautray contested the election of Basanti Sahoo (the respondent) as Chairman of the Delang Panchayat Samiti, alleging that the respondent was disqualified under Section 45(1)(v) of the Orissa Panchayat Samiti Act, 1959 for having a third child after the statutory cut‑off date. The Election Tribunal found the r…

The petitioners, parents of individuals who died after receiving COVID‑19 vaccines, filed a writ petition under Article 32 seeking an independent medical board, protocols for early detection of adverse events and compensation. Similar petitions were filed in the Kerala High Court, which directed the Union to formulate …

The appellant Pooranmal was convicted along with co‑accused Ladu Lal for the murder of Ladu Lal’s wife, Aruna, under Sections 302/34 and 201 of the IPC. The prosecution’s case against Pooranmal rested solely on three pieces of circumstantial evidence: call detail records showing frequent communication with Ladu Lal, a …

The appellant, a descendant and trustee of the Srimati Radhika Sinha Institute and Sachchidanand Sinha Library, challenged the Bihar State Legislature's 2015 Act that compulsorily acquired the Institute and dissolved its trust. The High Court had upheld the Act, but the Supreme Court examined whether the legislation wa…

The case concerned two sugarcane growers' cooperative societies (Bajpur and Gadarpur) whose areas of operation were split between Uttar Pradesh and the newly created state of Uttarakhand after the Uttar Pradesh Reorganisation Act, 2000. The societies were reorganised under the Reorganisation Act, limiting their operati…

The Supreme Court considered an appeal by minority shareholders of Bharti Telecom Limited (BTL) who challenged the company’s reduction of share capital under s.66 of the Companies Act, 2013, alleging that the valuation and the notice were unfair and misleading. BTL had cancelled 28.4 million shares held by the appellan…

The accused, Dr. Anand Rai, was charged under several IPC provisions and the SC/ST Act for allegedly taking part in a stone‑throwing scuffle at a public event. He sought discharge under s.227 CrPC, arguing that the SC/ST charges lacked essential ingredients such as the victim’s caste status and his knowledge of it. The…

British Motor Car Company (1939) Ltd., the landlord, leased premises to Hindustan Commercial Bank (HCB). In 1986 HCB was amalgamated into Punjab National Bank (PNB) under a scheme framed by the RBI pursuant to Section 45 of the Banking Regulation Act, 1949, causing HCB to cease to exist and its tenancy rights to vest i…

Baksish Ahmad, a Border Security Force constable, was dismissed for contracting a second marriage without permission. He filed a statutory petition under Rule 28A of the BSF Rules, which was rejected, and subsequently filed a writ petition under Article 226 of the Constitution in the Delhi High Court. The Delhi High Co…

The appellant, Shuvendu Saha, was involved in a tenancy dispute with the respondent‑2 complainant, which was settled in a civil suit that was subsequently dismissed. Despite the settlement, the complainant filed a criminal complaint leading to an FIR for offences under Sections 409, 417, 418, 419, 420 and 506(2) IPC an…

MSEDCL issued a Letter of Intent (LOI) accepting R Z Malpani's bid for a civil work tender but the LOI was conditional and did not constitute a final contract. The parties never executed a work order, and the LOI merely allowed preliminaries. The respondent invoked the arbitration clause in the tender's Special Conditi…

The appellant Roma Ahuja filed an FIR (No. 121 of 2011) alleging offences of voluntarily causing hurt and assault under Sections 323 and 341 IPC, read with Section 34. The High Court of Delhi quashed the FIR on the ground that the charge‑sheet was filed after the one‑year limitation period prescribed under Section 468 …

The work under a contract was completed on 30 July 2000, but no final bill or measurement certificate was issued by the Engineer-in-Charge. The State of West Bengal filed a notice seeking arbitration on 2 June 2022, more than 21 years after completion, and the High Court ordered arbitration, holding that the limitation…

The case concerns a suit for specific performance of an 1988 agreement to sell agricultural land, where the plaintiff paid Rs.7,75,000 and claimed readiness to execute the sale deed, but the defendants alleged non‑payment of cash and lack of willingness. The trial court dismissed the specific performance claim, but the…

The appeal concerned the execution of a compromise decree dated 14 July 2017 that divided a 51‑R plot of land between the parties. The defendant, as decree holder, obtained an order from the executing court that altered the portions of land allotted to each party, citing impracticalities such as non‑conforming construc…

Malkit Singh, president of the Manimajara Vyaapar Mandal, filed a writ petition seeking the removal of fruit‑vendors, hawkers and other street sellers who were encroaching on public paths, roads and property in Chandigarh, alleging nuisance and traffic hazards. The High Court dismissed the petition and imposed costs, p…

The complainant, married to Dr. Rishi Raj, filed an FIR in March 2022 alleging torture, dowry demands and an attempt to strangle her, implicating her husband, his parents (the appellants) and his sister‑in‑law. The parents‑in‑law and sister‑in‑law sought quashing of the criminal proceedings under Section 482 CrPC; the …

The appellants, Gobind Singh and others, sued the Union of India and others for a declaration of title and permanent injunction over land in Gwalior. The trial court decreed in their favour, but the respondents appealed; during the appeal the appellants filed an application under Order XLI Rule 27 CPC to produce certif…

The appellants were appointed as junior staff nurses on an "academic arrangement" basis under the 2009 SRO, and later sought regularisation under the Jammu and Kashmir Civil Services (Special Provisions) Act, 2010, which excluded such appointments via Section 3(b). The State argued that the exclusion was valid because …

The Managing Committee of Namatara Girls High School obtained a grant‑in‑aid order from the State Education Tribunal, which the State of Odisha appealed to the High Court in 2015 without a certified copy of the tribunal order, rendering the appeal time‑barred. After an eight‑year delay, the State secured the certified …

The appellant, brother‑in‑law of a deceased woman alleged to have died in a dowry case, filed an anticipatory bail application fearing arrest under the Dowry Prohibition Act. The High Court granted anticipatory bail but limited its effect only until the filing of the charge‑sheet, after which the protection ceased and …

The Supreme Court examined a criminal appeal challenging the Allahabad High Court's order granting bail to Respondent No.2, who was accused of gang‑rape, sexual assault and recording the act against a minor under the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita and the POCSO Act. The FIR was lodged on 2 December 2024 and a chargesheet file…