Judgments of 2025

Three BRS MLAs who were elected to the Telangana Legislative Assembly joined the INC, prompting two other BRS MLAs to file disqualification petitions under the Tenth Schedule. The Speaker delayed issuing notices for over seven months, leading the petitioners to approach the High Court, which only directed the Speaker t…

The appellants, owners of a Bangalore property, entered into an Agreement to Sell (ATS) with the complainant, who later alleged they cheated him and filed a private complaint that led to an FIR charging them under multiple IPC sections. The High Court dismissed the appellants' petition to quash the FIR, but the Supreme…

The appellants, daughters‑in‑law of a deceased landowner, obtained a mutation order based on an unregistered will and later secured an ex‑parte injunction against the complainant who had purchased a share of the land from the testator's third son. The complainant subsequently filed a criminal complaint alleging conspir…

The appellants, Manchu Mohan Babu and his son, organized a rally and dharna on 22 March 2019 to protest the state government's refusal to reimburse student fees, despite a Model Code of Conduct prohibiting such gatherings without permission. The police registered FIR No.102 of 2019 alleging offences under IPC sections …

The State of Andhra Pradesh appealed against a High Court order that granted anticipatory bail to N. Sanjay, an IPS officer who was Additional Director General of Police, CID, and Director General of the State Disaster Response and Fire Services, alleging misappropriation of public funds through irregular tenders and c…

The original appellant, Khem Singh, had filed special leave petitions challenging the acquittal of three accused in a 1992 murder case. While the petitions were pending, Khem Singh died and his son, Raj Kumar, applied to set aside the abatement of the appeals and to be substituted as appellant. The Supreme Court examin…

The appellant Suresh alleged that his paternal uncle and the uncle's son, Respondent No.2, forcibly entered his house and the son shot his brother Rajesh, resulting in death. Respondent No.2 claimed juvenility, asserting he was 16 years old at the time, based on a school transfer certificate from the first school he at…

The appellant, a driver employed by the Telangana State Road Transport Corporation, was found colour‑blind during a routine medical check and was retired on medical grounds without being offered an alternative post. He claimed entitlement to redeployment under Clause 14 of a 1979 Memorandum of Settlement (MOS) executed…

The appellant, Kishore Chhabra, owned land in Sultanpur, Sonipat, which was included in a 1992 notification under Section 4 of the Land Acquisition Act, 1894 for development. He challenged the acquisition, arguing that his land should be released because a factory had been operating there since 1970 and that other simi…

The Supreme Court examined the corporate insolvency resolution of Dewan Housing Finance Corporation Ltd (DHFL), where Piramal Capital submitted a resolution plan (RP) that allocated recoveries from Section 66 applications to itself. The plan was approved by the Committee of Creditors (CoC) and the National Company Law …

The appellants, large industrial consumers and captive power generators, challenged the Rajasthan Electricity Regulatory Commission's (RERC) 2016 Open Access Regulations, alleging that they exceeded RERC's jurisdiction over inter‑state open access, imposed unreasonable penalties for drawal variations, required a 24‑hou…

The appellant, a Tehsildar, passed a land settlement order in 1997 which was later alleged to be illegal, leading to a show‑cause notice in 2009 and a chargesheet in 2011 after a 13‑year delay. The appellant challenged the chargesheet under the Judges Protection Act, 1985, arguing that the order was a quasi‑judicial ac…

The appellants, who were directors and guarantors of a company, were charged under sections 138 and 141 of the Negotiable Instruments Act for issuing cheques that bounced due to insufficient funds. While the criminal proceedings were pending, they filed personal insolvency applications under section 94 of the Insolvenc…

Satbir Singh, an army serviceman, was stabbed and assaulted by Mukesh and several others during a volleyball match dispute. He filed an application under Section 319 of the CrPC to summon Rajesh Kumar, Neeraj, Sagar @ Bittoo and Ankit as additional accused. The Sessions Judge allowed the application, but the High Court…

The appellants' residential buildings in Prayagraj were demolished by the Prayagraj Development Authority (PDA) under Section 27 of the Uttar Pradesh Urban Planning and Development Act, 1973. The PDA issued a show‑cause notice on 18 December 2020 but merely affixed it without making genuine attempts at personal service…

The appellant, Faime Makers Pvt. Ltd., owned a parcel of land in Mumbai after acquiring it from Byramjee Jeejeebhoy Private Limited. The respondent society applied for a Unilateral Certificate of Deemed Conveyance under Section 11 of the Maharashtra Ownership of Flats Act, 1963, which was dismissed on 22 February 2021 …

The All India Shri Shivaji Memorial Society (AISSMS) appealed against Bombay High Court orders that granted certain private engineering teachers a higher pay band and redesignation as Associate Professors. The teachers, appointed between 1995 and 2009, held only Master's degrees and, except for one, failed to obtain a …

The appellant, Karan Singh, was convicted under Sections 304-B and 498-A of the IPC for the alleged dowry death of his wife, Asha Rani, who committed suicide within two years of marriage. The prosecution's case relied on the testimonies of three witnesses, whose statements about dowry demands were found to contain sign…

The appellant Karuppudayar was charged under Sections 294(b) and 353 IPC read with Sections 3(1)(r) and 3(1)(s) of the SC‑ST Act for allegedly insulting a revenue inspector in his office. The High Court dismissed the appellant's petitions under Section 482 CrPC seeking quash of the proceedings, holding that the trial w…

The appellant, Kuldeep Singh, was charged under Sections 366, 376 and 506 IPC for alleged abduction and rape of his wife, Respondent No.3, after she filed a statement alleging forced marriage. The appellant contended that the marriage was solemnised voluntarily under Sikh rites and that, under Exception 2 to Section 37…

The marriage between Sau. Jiya and Kuldeep was dissolved by a family court on the ground of cruelty, a decree later affirmed by the High Court. After the husband remarried in 2019, the parties disputed a permanent alimony settlement, with the wife seeking a lump‑sum amount and the husband contesting his income and asse…

The appellant, C & C Constructions Ltd., contracted with IRCON International Ltd. to construct five road over bridges, but delays attributable to the respondent led the appellant to seek extensions of time under clause 49 of the General Conditions of Contract (GCC). The appellant gave a solemn undertaking not to claim …

The workmen, employed as gardeners in the Ghaziabad Nagar Nigam's horticulture department since the late 1990s, alleged that they were dismissed orally in July 2005 while a conciliation proceeding was pending, without notice or retrenchment compensation. They claimed the termination violated Sections 6E and 6N of the U…

Umri Pooph Pratappur (UPP) Tollways Pvt. Ltd. entered into a 2012 concession agreement with Madhya Pradesh Road Development Corporation (MPRDC) for a state highway project. Disputes over cost overruns and delays led the appellant to first file a reference before the Madhya Pradesh Arbitration Tribunal under the 1983 Ac…

Subha Prasad Nandi Majumdar, a teaching staff member who served 16 years in Assam and subsequently joined Burdwan University in West Bengal, sought to benefit from a 2021 Government Notification that extended the retirement age of teachers from 60 to 65 years, provided they had at least ten years of continuous teaching…

The appellant, IL & FS Financial Services Ltd., entered into a term loan agreement with the respondent, Adhunik Meghalaya Steels Pvt. Ltd., in 2015, which became a non‑performing asset on 1 March 2018. The appellant filed a Section 7 application under the Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code on 15 January 2024, relying on th…

The respondents were convicted under the NDPS Act for transporting 750 kg of poppy husk after a seizure in 2009. They appealed their convictions, and the High Court acquitted them, relying solely on the principle from Mohan Lal v. State of Punjab that an informant cannot also be the investigator. The State of Punjab ch…

The marriage between Madduri Venkateswara Rao and Madduri Sunanda was dissolved by a California divorce decree in 2007. After returning to India, Sunanda filed a matrimonial suit, a domestic violence case, and an FIR under sections 494 and 498A IPC against her husband and his relatives. The parties later resolved all d…

The appellants, retired Indian Navy officers, were re‑employed by Punjab National Bank and initially received a basic pay higher than the ceiling prescribed in the Indian Banks Association (IBA) Clarification of 2018. The bank later re‑fixed their pay at a lower amount, citing the IBA Clarification and an HRMD Circular…

The Kamla Nehru Memorial Trust (KNMT) was allotted 125 acres of industrial land by the Uttar Pradesh State Industrial Development Corporation (UPSIDC) in 2003 on condition of scheduled payments and execution of a lease deed. KNMT repeatedly delayed payments, sought waivers, and failed to furnish required documents, whi…

The case concerned a theme park developed by the Municipal Corporation of Greater Mumbai (MCGM) on land alleged to be the site of a 100‑year‑old lake, Khajuria Lake. A public‑interest writ petition before the Bombay High Court ordered demolition of the park and restoration of the lake, a decision later appealed to the …

The appellant was convicted of murder (IPC s.302), misappropriation of property (IPC s.404), and unlawful possession and use of a firearm (Arms Act s.3, s.5) based largely on circumstantial evidence, including the last‑seen theory, forensic ballistics, and his subsequent abscondence. The Supreme Court examined whether …

The Supreme Court was asked to resolve a long‑standing controversy over whether courts exercising jurisdiction under Sections 34 and 37 of the Arbitration and Conciliation Act, 1996 can modify an arbitral award. The issue arose from the earlier decision in Project Director, NHAI v. M. Hakeem, where the Court held that …

The appellants, including the deceased's wife, were charged under Section 306 IPC for abetment of suicide after the husband Dinesh died by suicide on 09‑12‑2013. The prosecution relied on a torn diary page alleged to be a suicide note claiming continuous harassment by the accused from 10‑11‑2013 onward. The Supreme Cou…

The petitioners challenged the High Court's directions ordering police to evict occupants of an unauthorised two‑storey construction and to have the Kolkata Municipal Corporation (KMC) demolish the building, along with inspecting neighbouring properties. The Supreme Court examined whether the High Court had acted withi…

The appellant, an Inspector of Police, refused to register a First Information Report (FIR) lodged by the complainant and used objectionable language while speaking to the complainant's mother. The State Human Rights Commission of Tamil Nadu held that this conduct violated the complainant's human rights and directed th…

The petitioners, including acid‑attack survivors with facial disfigurements and a blind individual, challenged the mandatory digital KYC/e‑KYC/video‑KYC procedures for being inaccessible and discriminatory. They argued that requirements such as capturing a live photograph and performing a liveness check (e.g., eye‑blin…

The appellant Raju was convicted of kidnapping, gang rape and wrongful confinement under IPC sections 366, 376(2)(g) and 342, and of an offence under the SC/ST Act 3(2)(v). The prosecution relied primarily on the uncorroborated but consistent testimony of the prosecutrix, who described being abducted, gagged, and sexua…

The State of Andhra Pradesh alleged that INOX Air Products Ltd. (now INOX Air Products Private Ltd.) sold Nitrous Oxide I.P. to a third‑party firm that allegedly lacked a Form 20B licence, thereby violating s.18(a)(vi) of the Drugs and Cosmetics Act, 1940 and attracting punishment under s.27(d). The High Court dismisse…

The appellants, M/s JM Laboratories and its partners, were summoned by a Judicial Magistrate in Kurnool to appear in a case filed under the Drugs and Cosmetics Act alleging manufacture of sub‑standard drugs. They filed a petition under Section 482 of the CrPC seeking to quash the criminal proceedings, which the High Co…

The case concerns the continued pollution of the Palar River in Vellore District by tannery effluents and the adequacy of compensation awarded by the Loss of Ecology Authority (LoEA). The appellants, the Vellore District Environment Monitoring Committee, challenged the Madras High Court's dismissal of writ petitions th…

The appellant, Smt. N. Usha Rani, married her first husband in 1999, separated and executed a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) in 2005, and subsequently married the respondent twice, the second marriage being registered. The respondent obtained a decree declaring the first marriage void and later filed a criminal revi…

The appellant, Ashok Saxena, entered the complainant's house armed with a knife during an altercation and stabbed the complainant's wife, who later died. The trial court acquitted him, but the High Court convicted him under Section 302 IPC for murder. The appellant challenged the conviction, arguing lack of intent to k…

Jasminbhai Bharatbhai Kothari, convicted under IPC Section 302 read with Section 34 and the Arms Act, sought an extension of temporary bail, which the Gujarat High Court refused. While filing a Special Leave Petition (SLP) before the Supreme Court, he also filed an interlocutory application seeking exemption from surre…

The mother of a deceased woman appealed against the High Court's order acquitting four accused of abetment of suicide under Sections 306, 498A and 34 of the IPC. The trial court had convicted them based on evidence of harassment, but the High Court set aside the conviction, finding no reliable proof of abetment. The Su…

The appellants, who had passed the Jharkhand Teacher Eligibility Test (JTET) under the 2022 Recruitment Rules, challenged a High Court order that allowed candidates who cleared the Central Teacher Eligibility Test (CTET) or neighbouring states' Teacher Eligibility Tests (STET) to participate in the ongoing recruitment …

The appellants were appointed as temporary part‑time sweepers under a Special Recruitment Drive to fill vacant, sanctioned posts in the Madhya Pradesh Veterinary Department. They sought regular pay‑scale benefits under a 1984 circular that granted revised pay‑scale to temporary employees after three years of service, a…

The appellant, Bhagwati Devi, a mother‑in‑law, was convicted under Section 498‑A IPC for allegedly subjecting her daughter‑in‑law to dowry‑related cruelty that led to the latter's suicide by hanging. The trial court and the Uttarakhand High Court upheld the conviction based primarily on the testimony of the deceased's …

The appellant, a logistics company, was awarded a contract to handle and store iron and steel at the central dispatch yard of Visakhapatnam Steel Plant (RINL) and deployed 36 motor vehicles exclusively within the enclosed premises. It sought exemption from motor vehicle tax under Section 3 of the Andhra Pradesh Motor V…

The respondent, a constable in the Punjab Armed Forces who was later transferred to the Commando Force, was absent without leave on several occasions, the last being a 37‑day unauthorized absence in 1994. A departmental enquiry was held, during which the respondent neither cross‑examined witnesses nor produced any defe…

The appellant, KKK Hydro Power Ltd, entered into a 3 MW power purchase agreement (PPA) with HPSEB in 2000 fixing a tariff of ₹2.50/kWh, later augmenting the project to 4.90 MW and attempting to raise the tariff to ₹2.95/kWh through a supplementary PPA in 2010 without the Himachal Pradesh Electricity Regulatory Commissi…

The appellant, a 20‑year‑old engineering student, was riding a motorcycle when the car ahead suddenly braked, causing him to collide with the car and subsequently be run over by a bus, resulting in amputation of his left leg and 100% functional disability. The Motor Accident Claims Tribunal awarded compensation of Rs 9…

The appellant Sukhdev Yadav was convicted of murder, kidnapping and related offences and sentenced to life imprisonment fixed at twenty years without remission, along with fines. After serving the full twenty‑year term on 9 March 2025, he sought release but the Delhi High Court had earlier denied his furlough applicati…

The appellant Ajwar filed a criminal appeal challenging a bail order granted by the Allahabad High Court to respondent No.1, Waseem, who had been repeatedly granted and then cancelled bail by the Supreme Court. The Supreme Court had earlier cancelled the bail on two occasions, directing that any future bail could be so…

The CBI investigated a violent attack on the house of Sekh Jamir Hossain that occurred on the day election results were announced in West Bengal, where a mob assaulted the complainant, looted his property and molested his wife. The accused, including politically influential respondents, were arrested and a charge‑sheet…

Rakhi Sadhukhan filed for divorce from Raja Sadhukhan and was awarded permanent alimony of Rs.20,000 per month with a 5% increase every three years by the Calcutta High Court. She later contended that the amount was insufficient given the husband’s higher income and the standard of living she enjoyed during the marriag…

The appellant-wife alleged that her husband and his relatives assaulted her and her family on 27 October 2020 by throwing chilli powder in her eyes and attacking them with slippers and stones, while also demanding dowry. A criminal case was filed under IPC sections 498-A, 324, 355, 504, 506 read with 149, and the polic…

The dispute arose from a construction licence granted to the respondent, which the appellant claimed would obstruct a pathway adjoining his land. After a series of appeals under the Goa Panchayat Raj Act, the parties reached a settlement wherein the respondent agreed to provide a 3‑metre access path, and the High Court…

Visa Coke Ltd., an operational creditor, claimed that it had validly served a statutory demand notice under Section 8 of the Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code, 2016, by sending Form 3 to the Key Managerial Personnel (KMP) of Mesco Kalinga Steel Ltd. at its registered office. The National Company Law Tribunal (NCLT) and th…

The appellants were appointed as Data Entry Operators on a contractual basis between 1996 and 1999 and were regularised in 2015. They sought to have their contractual service counted for pension benefits under the Central Civil Services (Pension) Rules, 1972. The Central Administrative Tribunal and the Karnataka High C…

The petitioners challenged the constitutionality of sections 34(1), 47(1)(a)(i) and 58(1)(a)(i) of the Consumer Protection Act, 2019, which base the pecuniary jurisdiction of district, state and national consumer commissions on the value of consideration paid rather than the compensation claimed. The challenge arose fr…

The appellant, P. Kumarakurubaran, was assigned a vacant site in 1974 and executed a power of attorney in 1978 for construction. His father later sold the property in 1988 to the defendant without authority, which the appellant discovered in 2011 and filed a land‑grabbing complaint. In 2014 he instituted a suit seeking…

The Supreme Court considered appeals by Jaipur Vidyut Vitaran Nigam Ltd. and other distribution licensees challenging an Appellate Tribunal for Electricity (APTEL) order that set aside the Rajasthan Electricity Regulatory Commission's (State Commission) determination of Cross‑Subsidy Surcharges (CSS) effective 1 Decemb…

The appellants purchased four acres of land that had been granted to Shri Ranga in 1946-47 and was subject to a Saguvalli Chit confirming a non‑alienation clause. Shri Ranga sold the land in 1969, but in 1992 a third party, Dodda Hanumaiah, filed an application under Section 5 of the Karnataka Scheduled Castes and Sche…

The appellant, a forging machine operator, lost multiple phalanges of four fingers of his right hand in an accident at work. The Commissioner under the Employees' Compensation Act, 1923 initially assessed a 100% disability and awarded compensation based on a factor of 213.57. On appeal, the High Court reduced the disab…

The appellants, husband and children of a woman who died as a pillion rider in a motorcycle accident on 22 February 2015, claimed compensation from the insurer of IFFCO Tokio. The Motor Accident Claims Tribunal awarded Rs.18,81,966, applying a 1/3 deduction for personal expenses and a 50% addition for future prospects,…

The mother, a working professional, filed a petition seeking permanent custody of her two minor children, alleging the father might forcibly remove them. The Family Court restrained the father and granted limited visitation, which the father appealed. The High Court then ordered a 15‑day monthly interim custody for eac…

The appellant was appointed as an Intermediate Trained Assistant Teacher in Palamau district after securing higher marks than the writ petitioner. Two years later, the petitioner filed a writ alleging that the appellant had manipulated his caste declaration by showing "Most Backward Class" (MBC) in his TET certificate …

The appellant, Punit Beriwala, alleged that a receipt‑cum‑agreement to sell dated 12 April 2004 was a fraudulent transaction in which the accused, Vikramjit Singh and Maheep Singh, misrepresented their authority as Karta of the HUF and induced the appellant to pay a large sum. The appellant filed a criminal complaint i…

The appellants, legal heirs of the deceased Kathiresan, filed suits seeking declaration of title and injunction over a suit land purchased by Kathiresan. The respondent, a relative, invoked Article 227 of the Constitution before the Madras High Court, seeking rejection of the plaints on the ground that they were barred…

The petitioners, the State of Uttar Pradesh and the Director General of Medical Education, challenged a High Court order that awarded Rs.10,00,000 each to two NEET‑PG aspirants alleging seat‑blocking during counselling. The aspirants claimed that the mop‑up round denied them the opportunity to secure their preferred MD…

The appellants were acquitted of murder by the Sessions Court in 2005, but a criminal revision filed by the victim's father in 2006 was allowed by the High Court, which reversed the acquittal and sentenced the appellants to life imprisonment. The Supreme Court examined whether the High Court could convert an acquittal …

The appellants' parents, who were partners in a mill, died in a road accident when a bus collided with their vehicle. The appellants filed separate claim petitions under the Motor Vehicles Act, 1988 seeking Rs 1 crore each, and the Motor Accidents Claims Tribunal awarded Rs 58.24 lakh and Rs 93.61 lakh respectively, ba…

The case concerned the 1998 appointment of ten individuals as Shiksha Karmi Grade III teachers in Janpad Panchayat, Gaurihar, where the selection was challenged on grounds of alleged bias because some selection committee members were relatives of the appointees and for the lack of a hearing. The Collector set aside the…

The case concerned the Government Medical College and Hospital, Chandigarh, which reserved 64 postgraduate (PG) medical seats under its State quota – 32 for candidates who had studied at the college (institutional preference) and 32 for candidates deemed "residents" of Chandigarh based on broad residence criteria. The …

The Narcotic Control Bureau appealed against a High Court order that suspended the ten‑year rigorous imprisonment sentence of Lakhwinder Singh, convicted under the NDPS Act, and granted him bail pending appeal after he had served 4½ years. The issue was whether the appellate court could grant such relief when the convi…

The appellant purchased a mortgaged property at an auction conducted on 31 July 2007 and received a sale certificate on 30 November 2007, thereafter developing the property. The guarantor of the original borrower challenged the auction before the Debt Recovery Tribunal, which set aside the sale; the decision was later …

Shankar Lal Sharma, a 73‑year‑old man of limited means, filed a Special Leave Petition against Rajesh Koolwal & Ors. The Court appointed Sanchar Anand as amicus curiae, who represented the petitioner pro bono on fourteen occasions. The Court examined the duty of advocates to assist indigent litigants and the broader co…

The case arose from FIR No. 60/2017 alleging wrongful confinement, trafficking and conspiracy against Ajay Malik for employing a tribal domestic worker. Malik sought quashing of the criminal proceedings and compounding of the offences, supported by a no‑objection affidavit from the complainant, while the State opposed …

The plaintiffs filed a suit for specific performance of a sale deed, while the defendants sold portions of the disputed land to Respondents No.1 and No.2 during the pendency of the suit, violating a temporary injunction and Section 52 of the Transfer of Property Act. The respondents sought to be impleaded under Order I…

The Supreme Court examined the corporate insolvency resolution of Hindustan National Glass and Industries Ltd., where AGI Greenpac's resolution plan was approved by the Committee of Creditors (CoC) without prior approval from the Competition Commission of India (CCI) as required by the proviso to Section 31(4) of the I…

The appellant, Vijay Krishnaswami, was searched in 2016 and Rs.4.93 crore of unaccounted cash was seized, leading the Revenue to initiate prosecution under s.276C(1) of the Income Tax Act for the assessment year 2017-18. The appellant filed a quashing petition and later applied to the Settlement Commission under s.245C…

The President of India referred a matter under Article 317(1) of the Constitution seeking the removal of Ms. Mepung Tadar Bage, a member of the Arunachal Pradesh Public Service Commission (APPSC), alleging misbehaviour in connection with the leakage of the Assistant Engineer (Civil) Mains Examination question paper in …

The dispute concerned an arbitral award dated 12 November 2013 in favour of M/s Motilal Agarwala against the State of West Bengal. The State sought to set aside the award under Section 34 of the Arbitration and Conciliation Act, 1996, filing the application on 20 March 2014, arguing that it had only become aware of the…

The Bank of Baroda issued a possession notice under the SARFAESI Act to recover defaulted loans, but a clerical error inflated the outstanding amount, leading the borrower Phoenix India to allege defamation and file a criminal complaint under Sections 499, 500 and 501 IPC against the Bank's senior officers. The magistr…

The case arose from a raid on a godown in Ahmedabad where 55 boxes containing 1,364 kg of ephedrine, a controlled substance under the NDPS (Regulation of Controlled Substances) Order 2013, were seized. Four appellants were convicted under Sections 25A and 29 of the NDPS Act based largely on the confessional statement o…

The appellants, a group of farmers, had their land acquired in the 1990s under the Maharashtra Industrial Development Act, 1961 for the Jintur Industrial Area and were awarded Rs 10,800 per acre by the Land Acquisition Officer. They filed a reference under Section 18 of the Land Acquisition Act, 1894 seeking enhancemen…

The appellants, prominent badminton players and their coach, were accused in a private complaint of falsifying birth records to gain entry into age‑restricted tournaments, leading to the registration of an FIR under Sections 420, 468, 471 and 34 IPC. The complaint relied mainly on an unauthenticated 1996 GPF nomination…

Shahu Sampatrao Jadhavar, a night watchman, died in a road accident on 22 April 2003 while commuting 5 km to his sugar factory workplace. His family claimed compensation under the Employees' Compensation Act, 1923, but the employer and insurer argued the accident did not arise out of or in the course of employment beca…

The petitioner, an MSME, defaulted on a loan from NKGSB Co‑operative Bank and its account was classified as a non‑performing asset (NPA) with a demand notice issued under Section 13(2) of the SARFAESI Act. The petitioner contended that, under the 2015 Notification containing the ‘Framework for Revival and Rehabilitatio…

Gajanan Dattatray Gore was arrested for offences under several sections of the Indian Penal Code, including cheating and criminal breach of trust. He applied for regular bail before the High Court, which granted bail on the condition that he would deposit Rs 25,00,000 within five months, based on an affidavit‑undertaki…

The Chandigarh Administration appealed against several orders of the Punjab and Haryana High Court that directed the construction of a verandah in front of Court Room No.1 of the High Court and the laying of green paver blocks in a kutcha parking area. The Administration argued that the verandah could jeopardise the UN…

The Supreme Court examined the Delhi Development Authority's (DDA) unauthorised felling of over a thousand trees in the Delhi Ridge and its failure to disclose this during a hearing, despite pending applications for permission. The Court held that these actions amounted to wilful disobedience of its 1996 order in M.C. …

The appellants were charged under sections 120B, 420, 468 and 471 of the IPC and section 13(2) read with 13(1)(d) of the Prevention of Corruption Act for allegedly diverting bank funds. Parallel civil recovery proceedings before the Debt Recovery Tribunal were settled through a One Time Settlement (OTS) in which the ba…

The appellant, a lawyer, filed a public interest litigation alleging that up to 171 police encounters in Assam between 2021 and 2022 were fake and that the State had violated the procedural safeguards laid down in the People’s Union for Civil Liberties (PUCL) guidelines. The Gauhati High Court dismissed the petition as…

The appellant, Batlanki Keshav (Kesava) Kumar Anurag, sought to quash FIR No. 103 of 2022 alleging offences under Section 376(2)(n) IPC and Section 3(2)(v) of the SC/ST (Prevention of Atrocities) Act, claiming the allegations of sexual relations under a false promise of marriage were fabricated. The de‑facto complainan…

M/s Oswal Petrochemicals Ltd. had classified its benzene and toluene products under chapter 29 (sub‑heading 2902.00) and obtained approval in 1990. The Excise Department later sampled the products, obtained test reports showing purity below 96%, and re‑classified them under chapter 27 (sub‑headings 2707.10 and 2707.20)…

Chunni Bai was convicted of murdering her two young daughters after the trial court and High Court upheld a Section 302 IPC conviction. She claimed she acted under the influence of an invisible power, asserting unsoundness of mind under Section 84 IPC. The Supreme Court examined the eyewitness testimony, medical autops…

The appellant, Consolidated Construction Consortium Ltd., was contracted by the respondent, Software Technology Parks of India, to construct a building. The contract stipulated liquidated damages for delay, but the respondent granted several extensions of time before finally deducting Rs. 82,43,499 as liquidated damage…

The case concerns the honour killing of a Dalit boy, Murugesan, and his Vanniyar bride, Kannagi, in 2003. Police officers Sub‑Inspector K.P. Tamilmaran (A‑14) and Inspector M. Sellamuthu (A‑15) failed to register an FIR despite being informed of the murders and later fabricated evidence to implicate Dalit relatives whi…

GBJ Hotels Private Limited had its bid of Rs.108 crore accepted in an auction under the SARFAESI Act for assets of defaulting borrowers who owed about Rs.135 crore to Edelweiss Asset Reconstruction Company Limited (ARCL). A third party, GRT Hotels, subsequently offered a higher amount of Rs.120 crore, prompting the Mad…

The claimants, legal heirs of a government employee who died in a motor accident, were awarded Rs.37,85,800 compensation by the Motor Accident Claims Tribunal. The insurer, New India Assurance Co., appealed seeking deduction of the financial assistance payable under the Haryana Compensation Assistance Rules, 2006, whil…

The appellant, Ravish Singh Rana, was accused by his live-in partner of raping her after refusing to marry, leading to FIR No. 482 of 2023 under IPC sections 376, 323, 504 and 506. The appellant sought quash of the FIR invoking Section 528 of the Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita, arguing that the two-year cohabitatio…

The respondent, a civil servant of Jharkhand, was dismissed after disciplinary proceedings for alleged misconduct, including financial irregularities and forgery. The draft charge‑sheet and a proposal to suspend him were placed before the Chief Minister, who approved the proposal on 21 March 2014, after which the charg…

The appellant, a Rajya Sabha member, posted a video of a mass‑marriage on the social‑media platform X, in which a poem was recited in the background. The poem was alleged to promote communal enmity, leading the police to register an FIR under Sections 196, 197(1), 299, 302, 57 and 3(5) of the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita. T…

The appellants imported oil from the UAE and declared it as Base Oil SN 50, but the Directorate of Revenue Intelligence re‑classified it as High Speed Diesel (HSD) and seized it. The Adjudicating Authority, CESTAT and the High Court each held the oil to be HSD, relying on three laboratory reports that tested only a por…

The appellant filed an FIR alleging that four persons shot his father dead over a boundary dispute. While the chargesheet named only two of the alleged shooters, the trial court, relying on the testimonies of two prosecution witnesses, summoned the other two persons under Section 319 of the CrPC. The High Court set asi…

The appellant, Sudershan Singh Wazir, was arraigned as an accused in a murder case and was discharged by the Sessions Court on 20 October 2023 upon furnishing a personal bond. The State of Delhi filed a revision challenging the discharge and the Delhi High Court, ex‑parte, stayed the discharge order and later directed …

The Central Bank of India granted a Rs 10 crore project loan to advertising firm Ad Bureau for post‑production of a movie, which later defaulted and was classified as an NPA. After a one‑time settlement and issuance of a No‑Dues Certificate, the bank erroneously reported the firm as a wilful defaulter to RBI, causing l…

The Supreme Court examined the termination of two women judicial officers, Sarita Choudhary and Aditi Kumar Sharma, who were dismissed during their probation on the basis of low case disposal rates, adverse Annual Confidential Report (ACR) remarks, and pending complaints. The petitioners argued that the adverse remarks…

The Narcotics Control Bureau seized a large quantity of alleged heroin from Man Singh Verma, who was arrested and placed in judicial custody. After two laboratory tests returned negative results, the Special Judge ordered his release on 10 April 2023. Despite his release, the Allahabad High Court entertained a pending …

The case arose from a motor vehicle accident on 13 January 2016 in which the deceased, Vijay Jumnalkar, was killed after his vehicle was struck by a Bolero driven at high speed. The claimants, the deceased's wife and son, filed a claim under Section 166 of the Motor Vehicle Act seeking compensation, which the Motor Acc…

The appellant, a former District Collector, was charged under Sections 409, 219 and 114 of the IPC for allegedly misusing his official position to restore government land to private allottees who were not cultivating it and were residing abroad. The High Court dismissed his application under Section 482 CrPC to quash t…

The appellants were convicted for the murder of Ahsan Ali under Sections 302 and 149 of the IPC based on the testimony of a single eyewitness and alleged recovery of weapons. The Supreme Court examined the credibility of the eyewitness, the absence of forensic evidence linking the accused to the crime, and the suspect …

The appellant, Ivan Rathinam, was alleged by the respondent and his mother to be the biological father of the respondent, who was born during the respondent's mother's marriage to Mr. Raju Kurian. The parties litigated in a Munsiff Court, a Sub‑Judge Court and a Family Court over a declaration of paternity, a DNA test,…

The appellant, Chandrabhan Sudam Sanap, was convicted of rape and murder of a 23‑year‑old woman and sentenced to death, based largely on circumstantial evidence, CCTV footage, witness testimonies, an alleged extra‑judicial confession and recovered items. The Supreme Court examined whether the prosecution's evidence sat…

The appellant, Gambhir Singh, was convicted and sentenced to death for the murder of his brother, sister‑in‑law and their four children. The prosecution relied on three alleged incriminating circumstances – motive, last‑seen testimony and recoveries of weapons – to link the appellant to the crime. The Supreme Court hel…

The Supreme Court considered a contempt petition filed by JSW Steel Ltd., which had become the successful resolution applicant for the insolvent Monnet Ispat and Energy Ltd. After the National Company Law Tribunal approved the resolution plan, the State of Chhattisgarh issued demand notices for sales tax, VAT and entry…

The appellant, R. Shashirekha, filed a complaint alleging that her husband had been cheated, blackmailed and forced to commit suicide by his business partners (respondents 2 and 3) and a manager (respondent 4). The FIR was registered under Sections 306, 420, 506 and 34 of the IPC, but the respondents obtained a quash o…

The appellant, Aslam alias Imran, was convicted under Section 302 IPC for allegedly stabbing his brother's brother, Zahid Khan, with a butcher knife, leading to the victim's death. The prosecution's case rested on the testimonies of several eyewitnesses, notably the victim's brother (PW-1), who was an interested witnes…

The case concerned a dispute over a house owned by the late Kallu Mal, where his eldest son Krishna Kumar continued to occupy a portion of the house and run a utensil business. The parents, Samtola Devi and the deceased Kallu Mal, alleged mental and physical abuse by Krishna Kumar and sought eviction under the Maintena…

The dispute involved two lawyers practicing before the same courts in Kodaikanal who filed cross‑FIRs against each other for the same incident on 18 December 2017, alleging assault, threats and injury. Both FIRs named the same offences under Sections 294(b), 323 and 506(1) of the IPC, and the matter had been pending fo…

The Madhya Pradesh Road Development Corporation sought to acquire land for a highway project and determined compensation using the circle rate fixed under the Indian Stamp Act, as prescribed by the Collector’s Guidelines. The landowners challenged the award, arguing that the compensation was excessive and that the "the…

Dr. Sheikh Javeed Ahmad and Dr. Abdul Hamid Rather were appointed as Senior Residents in Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation at SKIMS with the promise of sponsorship for a two‑year diploma and subsequent appointment as Assistant Professors. The diploma could not be obtained because the sponsoring institute failed to sec…

The appellant sought higher compensation for 33,387 sq. m of non‑agricultural land acquired by the Gujarat Housing Board under the Land Acquisition Act, 1894. The Reference Court had awarded Rs.45 per sq. m, which the High Court enhanced to Rs.53 per sq. m, but the appellant argued that these amounts were far below the…

The petitioners challenged the constitutional validity of the amendments to the Customs Act, 1962 and the arrest provisions in the Central Goods and Services Tax Act, 2017, arguing that offences under these statutes remain non‑cognizable and that authorized officers must obtain a magistrate's warrant, relying on the Om…

The appellant, Sachin Jaiswal, challenged a High Court clarification that the land and hotel building contributed by his late father to the partnership firm M/s Hotel Alka Raje constituted the firm's property under Section 14 of the Partnership Act, 1932. The father had purchased the land in 1965, entered into a partne…

The appellants, a husband and wife, were charged in two FIRs (2010 and 2011) for offences under the IPC and the IT Act. They contended that the second FIR was based on a complaint under Section 156(3) of the CrPC that was not accompanied by an affidavit, thereby violating the Supreme Court’s direction in Priyanka Sriva…

The mother, Pappammal, filed a suit for recovery of possession which was being prosecuted by her son as her power of attorney. After the mother died, the son applied to be substituted as the legal representative based on a registered will, and the Supreme Court later allowed his substitution. The daughter, another lega…

The appellant, brother of the deceased, challenged the Bombay High Court's refusal to grant leave to appeal an acquittal of Mahesh Prakash Ahuja for murder. The trial court had acquitted the accused due to lack of reliable circumstantial evidence and inconsistencies in witness testimonies. The High Court denied leave w…

The appellant, A.P. Electrical Equipment Corporation, owned a large parcel of land in Hyderabad that was declared excess under the Urban Land (Ceiling and Regulation) Act, 1976. The State issued a notice under section 10(5) on 5 January 2008, affixed it on 8 January, and after alleged non‑compliance issued an order und…

The appellants, who were transit camp tenants, challenged notices issued by the Slum Rehabilitation Authority (SRA) under Sections 33 and 38 of the Maharashtra Slum Areas (Improvement, Clearance and Redevelopment) Act, 1971, seeking to evict them from a plot they claimed was a MHADA layout and therefore could only be r…

The State of Chhattisgarh appealed against the High Court’s order that acquitted accused Ashok Bhoi and upheld the acquittal of co‑accused Vikash Khubwani in a murder‑related case. The prosecution’s case was based solely on circumstantial evidence, notably the testimony of a witness who saw the deceased with Ashok Bhoi…

The appellant accused were convicted for kidnapping and gang‑rape of a village girl who was under 17 years of age at the time of the offences. The trial court and the High Court held that the victim was a minor, that she was held captive for two months, and that her testimony was reliable despite the absence of physica…

The case involved a dispute over a plot of land originally owned by Muniyappa, who executed a General Power of Attorney (GPA) and an agreement to sell in favour of A. Saraswathi in 1986. After Muniyappa's death in 1997, Saraswathi, as GPA holder, executed a registered sale deed in 1998 transferring the property to her …

The appellant Gauri Mahto was convicted under Section 364A of the IPC for kidnapping a child and demanding ransom. The prosecution’s case relied on the confessional statement of a co‑accused, the testimony of the investigating officer, and the recovery of the child from a house alleged to belong to the appellant, while…

The appellant, a third‑generation Christian, sought to bury his deceased father, a pastor, in his native village of Chhindawada where his ancestors had been interred. Villagers objected, the Gram Panchayat refused, and the High Court dismissed his writ petition, directing burial at a designated Christian cemetery in Ka…

The appellant, a former Bank of Baroda manager, was placed in abeyance for promotion from Scale‑II to Scale‑III due to pending disciplinary proceedings, which later resulted in a minor penalty of pay reduction. The High Court set aside the disciplinary proceedings, declaring the appellant entitled to all consequential …

The case arose from an incident on 15 November 2004 where a Head Constable Jagdish Singh fired at a car suspected of smuggling liquor, killing the passenger. The trial court acquitted three constables – Surendra Singh, Surat Singh and Ashad Singh – on the ground that the prosecution failed to prove they shared a common…

The appellant was convicted under sections 323, 352, 504 of the IPC and section 8(2) of the Goa Children’s Act, 2003 for allegedly hitting a child with a school bag. The High Court reduced the sentences, but the appellant challenged the conviction for child abuse and the applicability of probation. The Supreme Court ex…

The Supreme Court examined the conviction of two accused, Putai and Dileep, for the rape and murder of a 12‑year‑old girl, based solely on circumstantial evidence and forensic material. The trial and High Courts had upheld the death penalty for Putai and life imprisonment for Dileep, relying on recovered items, a sniff…

The appellant, Edelweiss Asset Reconstruction Ltd (EARC), challenged a Karnataka High Court order that dismissed its writ petition and directed the transfer of Rs.75 lakh deposited by it to the EPFO. The dispute arose from the default of Acropetal Technologies Ltd in paying provident fund dues, leading to EPFO assertin…

The appellants owned a property that was leased to Aditya Motors, a sole proprietorship of Pilla Durga Prasad. After the lease expired, the appellants filed an eviction suit against the lessee and its assignees. The suit was later amended to substitute the proprietor, Pilla Durga Prasad, in place of the firm. The defen…

The respondent, a government surveyor, was charged under Sections 13(2) and 13(1)(e) of the Prevention of Corruption Act for possessing assets disproportionate to his known income. After the Special Court dismissed his discharge application and the High Court dismissed the subsequent revision, the respondent filed a pe…

The appellant, Rekha Sharad Ushir, was accused of dishonouring a cheque issued to Saptashrungi Mahila Nagari Sahkari Patsansta Ltd., a credit co‑operative society, under Section 138 of the Negotiable Instruments Act. The society filed a complaint before the Judicial Magistrate, alleging default on a loan and the non‑pa…

The appellant, Yadwinder Singh, complained that his brother was murdered in a politically motivated incident and that the private respondents were present at the scene, as testified by eye‑witnesses. The trial court issued summons against the private respondents under Section 319 of the CrPC, but the High Court set asi…

The Supreme Court heard an appeal by Somdatt Builders‑NCC‑NEC (JV) against a Delhi High Court Division Bench order that set aside an arbitral award under Section 37 of the Arbitration and Conciliation Act, 1996. The dispute concerned whether the excess quantity of geogrid required for a reinforced earth wall, beyond th…

The appellant, Sanjabij Tari, appealed against the High Court’s ex‑parte order acquitting Kishore S. Borcar (respondent No.1) under Section 138 of the Negotiable Instruments Act for a bounced cheque of Rs.7.5 lakh. The central issue was whether the High Court could overturn the concurrent findings of the trial and sess…

The case concerned a partnership share that was purportedly sold by an official receiver after the appellant and his mother were declared insolvent in 1977. The sale deed dated 11 March 1983 was executed based on a district court order, but later the insolvency adjudication was annulled in 1996. The High Court held tha…

The Delhi Development Authority (DDA) had allotted a plot to Sarita Vihar Club under a lease that gave DDA a pre‑emptive right to purchase and required Lieutenant Governor’s consent for any mortgage. The Club mortgaged the plot to Corporation Bank without such consent, defaulted on the loan and the Bank sought recovery…

Gujarat Urja Vikas Nigam Ltd (GUVNL), successor to Gujarat Electricity Board, entered into a power purchase agreement (PPA) with Essar Power Ltd (EPL) for 300 MW of a 515 MW plant, while EPL had a separate PPA with its sister company Essar Steel Ltd (ESL) for the remaining 215 MW. EPL repeatedly supplied electricity to…

The case concerned a 10 MW solar power project where Chamundeshwari Electricity Supply Company Ltd. (CESC) entered into a Power Purchase Agreement (PPA) with Saisudhir Energy (Chitradurga) Pvt. Ltd. (the Developer) and relied on Karnataka Power Transmission Corporation Ltd. (KPTCL) to commission two 220 kV evacuation l…

The appellant, Ravindra Pratap Shahi, challenged the prolonged delay in pronouncing a judgment in a criminal appeal pending before the Allahabad High Court since 2008, which was heard and reserved for orders on 24 December 2021 but remained undelivered for almost a year. The Supreme Court examined whether such delay vi…

The suit concerned the partition of ancestral lands belonging to the deceased Dasabovi, who had two wives – the plaintiffs' mother (first wife) and Chowdamma (second wife). The plaintiffs claimed that their mother was lawfully married to Dasabovi and therefore entitled to a share of the property, while the defendants d…

The Karnataka State Financial Corporation (KSFC) recovered a debt from Hoysala Thermo Farmers Pvt. Ltd. and, after default, auctioned agricultural land (Sy. No.67) belonging to the managing director, G.M. Krishna. The appellant, R. Raghu, purchased the land at the auction and later obtained a sale certificate as truste…

The petitioner, Vasanta Sampat Dupare, was convicted of rape and murder of a four‑year‑old girl and sentenced to death, a sentence that was affirmed on appeal, reviewed, and followed by rejected mercy petitions. He filed a writ petition under Article 32 seeking a fresh sentencing hearing in accordance with the procedur…

The State of Maharashtra filed an application seeking to modify the Supreme Court's directions dated 22 May 2025 concerning the Zudpi Jungle Lands. The Court had earlier declared fragmented land parcels as protected forest and granted a one‑time exemption for certain encroachments covering 10,365.049 hectares. Maharash…

The appellant was convicted for aggravated penetrative sexual assault of a five‑year‑old girl under Section 6 of the POCSO Act and Section 376AB IPC, and was sentenced to imprisonment for the remainder of his natural life. The offence occurred on 20 May 2019, before the 2019 amendment to Section 6 of the POCSO Act, whi…

The appellant, Sukdeb Saha, challenged the Andhra Pradesh High Court's refusal to transfer the investigation of his 17‑year‑old daughter's suspicious death at a coaching institute to the CBI. He alleged that the local police investigation was biased, incomplete, and that crucial forensic evidence and CCTV footage were …

The petitioners, K. Purushottam Reddy and others, challenged two notifications issued by the Union of India that effected delimitation of constituencies only for the Union Territory of Jammu and Kashmir, arguing that the exclusion of the states of Andhra Pradesh and Telangana violated Article 14 and the statutory manda…

The dispute arose between Sunair Hotels Ltd (SHL) and VLS Finance Ltd over a failed Memorandum of Understanding for a hotel project, leading to multiple FIRs and arbitration. SHL filed an application under Section 156(3) CrPC on 1 July 2005, prompting a Metropolitan Magistrate to order registration of FIR No.380/2005 f…

The respondent, a former Sub‑Divisional Engineer in the Department of Telecommunication, was convicted in two criminal cases under the Prevention of Corruption Act and faced parallel disciplinary proceedings for a trap case and for possessing assets disproportionate to his known income. Two charge‑sheets were issued un…

The appellant filed a complaint under Section 138 of the Negotiable Instruments Act alleging that the respondents had purchased Desi Ghee and that three cheques totalling Rs. 14 lakh were dishonoured. After summons were issued and before the complainant's cross‑examination, the appellant sought to amend the complaint t…

The appellants, Rahil and Noor Ahmed, were convicted of murder under Section 302 IPC after the Delhi High Court reversed their trial‑court acquittal. The prosecution's case was based on circumstantial evidence that the deceased had called the co‑accused Suraiya and allegedly went to her residence, where he was later fo…

The appellant, a 25‑year‑old student, was charged under IPC sections 376, 376(2)(n), 377, 504 and 506 for allegedly forcing sexual intercourse on a promise of marriage. The complainant, a previously married woman with a four‑year‑old child, claimed the appellant entered her house and had sexual relations after assuring…

The Reserve Bank of India issued Master Directions on Frauds to enable banks to detect and report fraudulent accounts, leading the appellant banks to declare the respondents' accounts fraudulent (an administrative action) and to refer the matter to the CBI, resulting in FIRs and criminal proceedings. The High Courts qu…

The appellant, a mother‑in‑law, was accused of repeatedly torturing her daughter‑in‑law over dowry demands, leading the young woman to commit suicide by poison. The trial court convicted her under Sections 304B and 498A IPC and Sections 3 and 4 of the Dowry Prohibition Act, but the High Court acquitted her of those off…

The Builder Durga Builders purchased 235 acres in Faridabad to develop a residential colony and was contractually obliged to allocate plots to Economically Weaker Sections, No Profit No Loss (NPNL) and open‑market categories. The Builder failed to honour the allotment terms, prompting allottees to file Writ Petition (C…

A Block Development Officer was riding pillion on a scooter when it collided with the tail‑end of a long trailer, resulting in the amputation of both his legs. The claimant sought compensation under Section 166 of the Motor Vehicles Act, 1988, but the Tribunal and the Calcutta High Court held that the scooter driver, w…

The appellants, who were flat buyers, entered into a settlement with ICICI Bank and the builder to resolve disputes over loan repayment and possession of apartments. Under the settlement, the appellants paid the outstanding principal and pre‑EMI amounts, the builder contributed its share, and the bank waived interest a…

The case concerned K.C. Devaki, a staff nurse appointed in 1979, who sought a cadre change to First Division Assistant on medical grounds and consented to be placed below the last incumbent in the new post. The Government accepted her request, issued orders in 1989 effecting the change, and later issued a seniority lis…

The dispute concerned the ownership of a 0.75‑cent plot (the Plaint Schedule) that had been sold at a court auction in 1962 to the late Padmini Chandrasekaran, with a sale deed executed in 1963. Subsequent wills by the original owner and by Padmini attempted to bequeath the property to various parties, including a trus…

The appellants purchased a 50,138 sq.ft. plot in Amravati that had been reserved for a private school under the Maharashtra Regional & Town Planning Act, 1967. The original owners served a purchase notice under Section 49 in 2006, which was confirmed in 2007, but the authorities failed to acquire the land within the on…

The appellant Mahaveer Sharma claimed death benefits under a life insurance policy taken by his father, Ramkaran Sharma, from Exide Life Insurance. The insurer repudiated the claim alleging that the father had materially suppressed information by not disclosing other existing life insurance policies at the time of prop…

The appellant, Jaya Bhattacharya, a former L.D. Assistant in West Bengal, was absent from duty for 107 days in 1986 and subsequently from June 1987 to July 2007, claiming she was prevented from performing duties and not paid salary. The authorities treated the long absence as extraordinary leave under Rules 175 and 176…

The appellant filed a suit for specific performance of a sale agreement, which was decreed in his favour on 20‑01‑2012 directing him to deposit the balance consideration within two months. The decree was affirmed by the first appellate court on 21‑04‑2015, but no time‑limit for payment was stipulated. After a two‑year …

The Supreme Court examined an appeal by Garden Reach Shipbuilders and Engineers Ltd. (GRSE) against a Division Bench order of the Calcutta High Court that disposed of a writ petition seeking compassionate appointments for union members. The writ petition had been de‑listed by a Single Judge pending a reference to a lar…

Dr. Sunil Kumar Singh, an MLC from the RJD, was expelled from the Bihar Legislative Council after the Ethics Committee found his conduct unparliamentary and his subsequent refusal to cooperate with the Committee. He challenged the expulsion through a writ petition under Article 32, arguing that the Ethics Committee's p…

The appellants, descendants of original Portuguese "Alvara" holders in Dadra and Nagar Haveli, claimed perpetual lease rights over agricultural lands granted under the Organizacao Agraria (OA). The Collector rescinded these grants on 30 April 1974 invoking Article 12 of the OA for non‑cultivation, leading to a protract…

The Bar Council of Maharashtra and Goa referred a complaint filed by Khimji Devji Parmar against advocate Rajiv Narula to its Disciplinary Committee under Section 35 of the Advocates Act, alleging professional misconduct for identifying a plaintiff in consent terms of a civil suit. The Supreme Court examined whether di…

The parties entered into a memorandum of understanding in 2014 for the sale of land, with the respondent paying an advance of Rs.15.5 crore. The MoU was terminated in 2024 and the dispute was referred to arbitration, where the tribunal awarded the advance amount with simple interest at 21% per annum from the date of di…

The appellant, Anukul Singh, challenged a FIR and charge sheet filed under Sections 420, 467 and 468 IPC alleging cheating and forgery arising from a dispute over a loan and property ownership. He contended that the FIR was a retaliatory measure linked to a civil dispute over land possession and that the complainant ha…

The Rajasthan government issued Notification S.O.377 on 9 March 2007, exempting VAT on asbestos cement sheets and bricks containing at least 25% fly ash, provided the dealer began commercial production in the state by 31‑December‑2006 and the exemption lasted until 23‑January‑2010 (later extended). The appellants, manu…

The appellant, Rama Bai, sought compensation for the death of her son in a motor vehicle accident where the driver, respondent No.1, lacked a valid licence. The Motor Accident Claims Tribunal awarded Rs.3 lakh, which the High Court enhanced to Rs.5,33,600 but held the insurer, respondent No.3, not liable, directing pay…

The appellant, a dealer in red arecanut, had its consignment detained by the GST Mobile Squad and was served a show‑cause notice under section 129(3) of the CGST Act. The appellant filed objections but, due to business exigencies, paid the tax and penalty amount of Rs 7,20,440 under protest and the goods were released …

Hyatt International Southwest Asia Ltd., a UAE‑resident company, entered into long‑term Strategic Oversight Services Agreements (SOSA) with Indian hotel owners to provide strategic, operational and financial oversight of hotels in Delhi and Mumbai. The Assessing Officer treated the fees earned under the SOSA as taxable…

The appellants, M/s Rimjhim Ispat Ltd. and related companies, were investigated for alleged illegal manufacture and removal of excisable goods, leading to departmental adjudication orders imposing large duties and penalties under the Central Excise Act, 1944. The Departmental order dated 31‑03‑2011 was set aside by the…

M/s Bengani Food Products Pvt Ltd shipped a 24,700‑quintal maize consignment under a Marine Transit Open (Declaration) policy issued by National Insurance Co. The goods were unloaded at Shalimar Railway Yard on 7 February 2007 and left exposed to heavy rain, causing fungal contamination. The insurer repudiated the clai…

S. Lalitha, a Doordarshan employee, received second and third financial upgradations under the Modified Assured Career Progression (MACP) Scheme in 2010 and 2015. In 2016 she filed a representation seeking the second upgradation under the earlier Assured Career Progression Scheme (ACP) as of 2009 and the third upgradat…

The appellant, a landlord, sought eviction of a tenant who had occupied a cinema building in Allahabad since 1952 under a ten‑year lease that had long expired. The Prescribed Authority had allowed eviction on the ground of bona‑fide need, noting the landlord's limited income, his crippled son’s dependence, and the tena…

Dashrath was convicted under Sections 7 and 13(1)(d) read with 13(2) of the Prevention of Corruption Act, 1988 for demanding and accepting a bribe. He challenged the conviction on four grounds: the sanction to prosecute was mechanically granted, the investigation was conducted by an Inspector of Police contrary to Sect…

The petitioner, a welfare association, owned a resort property that the respondent was licensed to occupy for ten years on payment of monthly fees. The respondent repeatedly defaulted on those fees, leading to arbitration, a settlement reducing the fees, and subsequent execution proceedings ordering him to pay arrears …

The appellants claimed ownership of a 3.34‑acre parcel of land in Kurnool district, asserting that it was a patta land acquired by a registered sale deed in 1970 and that they had been in uninterrupted possession for over twenty years. The State argued that the land was an assigned government land, subject to a non‑ali…

The petitioners, displaced tea estate workers, and public interest litigants sought the removal of long‑standing encroachments and restoration of forest lands in the Agasthyamalai landscape, which includes the Singampatti Zamin forest leased to Bombay Burma Trading Corporation Limited for tea cultivation for over 95 ye…

The parents of two IIT Delhi students who died under suspicious circumstances filed complaints alleging caste-based discrimination and murder, but the police only conducted an inquest under Section 174 of the CrPC and concluded suicide without registering a First Information Report (FIR). The petitioners sought a writ …

The appellant, Firoz Khan Akbarkhan, was convicted along with a co‑accused for murder under Section 302 read with Section 34 of the IPC, based on eyewitness testimony that he stabbed the deceased with a knife. He challenged the conviction, arguing that the delay of two to three days in recording witness statements unde…

The appellant was accused of raping the complainant three times, allegedly after promising to marry her. The complainant claimed she was coerced into sexual intercourse under threat and that the promise of marriage was a false inducement. The High Court rejected the appellant's application to quash the proceedings unde…

The appellant (son) challenged a decree of the Kerala High Court that declared a 1985 deed executed by his father in favour of his sister (plaintiff) to be a settlement and a valid gift, thereby invalidating a later cancellation deed and sale deed dated 19.10.1993. The core issue was whether the 1985 instrument was a g…

The appellant was accused, along with a co‑accused, of kidnapping and murdering a 16‑year‑old girl in Assam. The prosecution relied on three circumstantial links: the victim was last seen with the appellant, the appellant’s extra‑judicial confessions to several villagers, and the recovery of the dead body after those c…

The case involved a fraud scheme where fake telegraphic transfers were used to withdraw Rs. 6.7 crore from a bank, the proceeds of which were allegedly used to purchase 205 gold bars that were later seized from accused Nandkumar Babulal Soni. The trial court convicted Soni under Sections 120B and 411 of the IPC, direct…